A STUDY ON KINETICS OF AGING OF PAVING ASPHALT

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A STUDY ON KINETICS OF AGING OF PAVING ASPHALTHuo Kai-Fu a Zhai Yu-Chun b Liao Ke-Jian c Yang Peng a Yan Feng a amp Wei Yi aa Department of Applied Chemistry Fushun Petroleum Institute Fushun Liaoning113001 PR Chinab Institute of Material and Metallurgy North-east University Shenyang Liaoning110006 PR Chinac Department of Applied Chemistry Fushun Petroleum Institute Fushun Liaoning113001 PR ChinaPublished online 14 Feb 2007

To cite this article Huo Kai-Fu Zhai Yu-Chun Liao Ke-Jian Yang Peng Yan Feng amp Wei Yi (2001) A STUDY ON KINETICSOF AGING OF PAVING ASPHALT Petroleum Science and Technology 195-6 641-650 DOI 101081LFT-100105279

To link to this article httpdxdoiorg101081LFT-100105279

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A STUDY ON KINETICS OF AGING OF

PAVING ASPHALT

Huo Kai-Fu1Zhai Yu-Chun

2Liao Ke-Jian

1

Yang Peng1 Yan Feng1 and Wei Yi1

1Department of Applied Chemistry Fushun PetroleumInstitute Fushun 113001 Liaoning PR China2Institute of Material and Metallurgy North-east

University Shenyang 110006 Liaoning PR China

ABSTRACT

In this paper the aging processes of two penetration-gradepaving asphalt which conform to the standard of EssonCompanyhavebeen studiedby rotation thin filmoven (RTFO)The first order aging kinetic model has been established andsome kinetics parameters were calculated The relationshipbetween pavement properties of asphalt and aging course wasrevealed The intervention of oxygen in high temperaturecaused oxidation reactions which changed the compositionand structure of asphalt the aging resistant performance ofasphalt was weak and the service performance went to bad

Key Words Paving asphalt Aging Aging resistant perfor-mance Kinetics

Corresponding author Currently he is studying for his PhD at North-eastUniversity under supervisor Zhai Yu-Chun

PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 19(5amp6) 641ndash650 (2001)

641

Copyright 2001 by Marcel Dekker Inc wwwdekkercom

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INTRODUCTION

Only having good aging resistant performance can paving asphaltmeet the requirement of pavement performance Asphalt aging is the majorfactor which influences the service performance (Petersen 1993) Manystudies have indicated that the aging resistance of asphalt is closely relatedwith its chemical composition (Zhang et al 1990 Liu et al 1984) The morefitly intermixing components of asphalt the more stability of colloidalstructure and the better aging resistance performance (Zhang et al 1984 Liuet al 1990)

A large number of researches on aging have been studied and greatdevelopment has been made University of Petroleum China hadpresented a first order kinetic model for the absorption of oxygen ofasphalt on the basis of maximum absorption of oxygen amount Fanyaohua as well as Qi yutai (Qi et al 1993) presented kinetic model of thefamily composition of asphalt succeeding reaction under continuous heatand atmosphere and calculated kinetic model parameters Wright studiedthe aging dynamics by Infrared Spectrum (IR) (Wright 1962) Peterson(Petersen 1993) studied the aging process by the change of 60C dynamicviscosity However the appliance of absorption of oxygen was complicatedand the error of the determination of oxygen quantity was easily causedThe factitious handed factors in process of simple preparation influencedthe accurate determination of IR absorbency The study of the change ofdynamic viscosity was the most direct method but the weight of samplewas strictly required moreover the determination process is too compli-cated With the aging of asphalt the content of asphaltene increasedregularly especially the change of pentane insoluble asphaltene (Liu et al1984) Thus aging process can be accurately estimated by the study ofchange of pentane insoluble during asphalt aging course In this paper theaging dynamics was studied by determination of change of pentaneinsoluble on aging at the same time the relationship models betweenservice properties of asphalt and aging course were set up

EXPERIMENTS

Experimental Materials

In this experiment Two penetration-grade paving asphalt (denoted Aand B) which conform to the standard of Esson Company were freshlydeveloped by Fushun Petroleum Institute The main properties are listed inTable 1

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Where S is saturated hydrocarbon content A aromatics content Rresin content p n-heptane asphaltene

Experimental Method

Aging kinetic experiments of two asphalts were carried out in rotationthin film oven (RTFO) at different temperature (150 163 and 180C) andreaction time (5 10 15 20 25 and 30 hours) respectively Experiments werecarried out in duplicate the reactors of 5625 mm were loaded with 50 gof the sample respectively Pentane asphaltene (PI) content softening pointpenetration and ductility of fresh and aged asphalt were determined byASTM

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Change of Pentane Asphaltene Content

Pentane asphaltene contents of fresh and aged asphalt (denoted Aand B) under different aging time and temperature were presented in

Table 1 Properties of Two Paving Asphalts

Sample

Softening

Point (C)

Penetration

(25C 5 s 01mm)

Ductility

(15C cm) WS WA WR Wp

A 461 721 gt1463 328 435 151 86B 441 92 gt1463 284 437 215 64

Table 2 Influence of Aging Time and Temperature on PI of A Asphalt

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)

Aging Time (h) Exp Cal Exp Cal Exp Cal

0 17 17 17 17 17 175 183 184 187 192 21 20910 195 197 212 213 245 246

15 211 21 231 234 275 28220 225 224 253 255 312 31225 238 237 275 275 354 348

30 254 249 293 294 382 379

AGING OF PAVING ASPHALT 643

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Table 3 and 4 It was shown that aging time and temperature exerteda considerable influence on asphalt aging With the increasing of tem-perature and the extending of time n-pentane asphaltene content increasedregularly

The Establishment of Asphalts Aging Kinetic Model

In kinetic principle the rate of asphalt aging can be expressed in theform (Wong et al 1992)

dx=dt frac14 keth1 xTHORNn the boundary conditions is t frac14 0 x frac14 x eth1THORN

Where x is the fresh pentane asphaltene content when aging began(tfrac14 0) t the aging time

Table 3 Influence of Aging Time and Temperature on PI of B Asphalt

Aging

Time h

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)

Exp Cal Exp Cal Exp Cal

0 146 146 146 146 146 1465 163 164 172 174 188 19310 181 182 196 201 227 236

15 201 199 221 226 267 27820 218 215 248 251 308 31725 234 232 274 276 351 35430 253 249 302 299 392 390

Table 4 Kinetics Parameters of Paving Asphalt Aging

SampleTemperature

CK

(103 h1)Related

CoefficientA

(104 h1)Ea

(kj mol1)

A 150 356 09990163 548 09993 295 5625

180 986 09985

B 150 447 09997163 668 09987 092 5131180 1128 09982

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For nfrac14 1 and n 6frac14 1 the kinetic expression for pentane asphalteneformation would be

kt frac14 lneth1 xTHORN thorn lneth1 xTHORN ethn frac14 1THORN eth2THORN

kt frac141

n 1eth1 xTHORNeth1nTHORN

thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n

ethn 6frac14 1THORN eth3THORN

Where x is the asphaltene percent content k the kinetic constant forpentane asphaltene formation n the kinetic order for asphalt formation andt the reaction time

The kinetic order n can be calculated by iterative For nfrac14 1 ln(1x)is line with the aging time t and the slope is kinetic constant k

Assuming asphalt aging is in accordance with a first order kineticslaw As was shown in Figure 1 and 2 linear pertinence between ln(1x)and t is good Table 4 showed the minimum related coefficient of all linesis 09982 which showed the aging courses of A and B asphalt conform tofirst order reaction The slope of regression equation is the kinetic constantof corresponding temperature

Arrhenius equation can be expressed in the form

ln k frac14 Ea=RT thorn lnA eth4THORN

Where Ea is activation energy A is preexponential factorEquation (4) showed ln k is in line with 1T The relationship of

asphalt between ln k and 1T was presented in Figure 3 the relatedcoefficients of these two lines were 09921 and 09932 respectively

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)

Figure 1 Relationship between ln(1x) and t of A asphalt


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From Eqs (2) and (4) the expression for pentane asphalteneformation would be

lneth1 xTHORN frac14 lneth1 xTHORN At expethEa=RT THORN eth5THORN

Combined with data in Table 4 aging kinetic expression for A and Basphalt could be expressed in the form respectively

A asphalt lneth1 xTHORN frac14 0186 295 104 expeth6776=TTHORNt eth6THORN

B asphalt lneth1 xTHORN frac14 0158 092 104 expeth6172=TTHORNt eth7THORN

220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)

Figure 3 Relationship between ln k and 1T

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)

Figure 2 Relationship between ln(1x) and t of B asphalt

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Thus Eqs (5) and (6) can express the relationship between pentaneasphaltene content and aging time at different temperature The experi-mental values and the numerical values calculated by Eqs (5) and (6) thatwere presented in Table 2 and 3 It can be seen both are very immediatewhich showed that the kinetic models were in accordance with practicalaging course The differential of x to t can be calculated from Eqs (5) and(6) it is obvious that dxdt(B)gtdxdt(A) which show the aging rate of Basphalt was greater than A Table 4 showed B had higher rate kineticconstant and lower activation energy in comparison to A which alsoshowed that A asphalt had better aging resistant performance

The Change of Properties of Asphalt After Aging

The change of properties of A B asphalt before and after aging inRTFO at 163C were presented in Figures 4ndash6

As is shown in Figure 4 after aging with extending of aging timeasphaltrsquos softening point increased gradually which can be approximatelyexpressed in the form

A asphalt TRampB frac14 4672thorn 082t ethR frac14 09972 SD frac14 04336THORN eth8THORN

B asphalt TRampB frac14 4462thorn 084t ethR frac14 09972 SD frac14 04336THORN eth9THORN

Where TRampB is softening point t is aging time R is related coefficientSD is deviation

0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C

Figure 4 Relationship between softening point and aging time at 163C


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Figure 5 showed penetration decreased with the extending of agingtime initially this change was noteworthy after 10 hours the change trendabated whichwas in accordancewith others experimental results (Yan 1987)The relationship can be approximately expressed in the form

A asphalt Pen frac14 1388thorn 576 exp etht=745THORN eth10THORN

B asphalt Pen frac14 1010thorn 8266 exp etht=861THORN eth11THORN

Comparing this two asphalts aging course we can concluded thatpenetration of B asphalt falling trend is obviously higher than that of A andresistance of A asphalt is better which were consistent with the results ofasphalt aging dynamics experiment Although the volatilization of the smallmolecule substance was the reason of decreasing penetration on aging themass loss of the two kinds of asphalt are lower during the aging course Themain reason of the aging was the intervention of oxygen at hightemperature which changed the composition and structure of the asphaltand caused the change of the properties Author another experiment(Huo 2000) proved after aging both the composition and the structure ofthis two penetration-grade asphalts did change

Ductility decreased with the time extending Figure 6 showed thatductility changed abruptly between 15 and 20 hours and the serviceperformance of asphalt went to the bad sharply Comparing asphalt to acolloid system and resin as dispersant resin is sensitive to thermal agingAuthor another experiment (Huo 2000) proved the resin content decreased

0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm

Figure 5 Relationship between penetration (25C) and aging time at 163C

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obviously after aging Polar aromatic and naphthene aromatic fractionsdecreased and asphaltene content increased which resulted in colloid systemdestroyed and service performance going to bad

CONCLUSION

In this paper it was found that the aging of the paving asphalt was afirst order reaction the regression model were closely in accordance withpractical aging course Which showed asphalt-aging process could beaccurately estimated by the study of change of pentane insoluble duringaging course

Compared with B asphalt A asphalt studied had lower rate kineticconstant and higher activation energy which showed that A asphalt hadbetter aging resistant performance

On aging asphaltrsquos softening point increased and penetrationdecreased accordingly Relationship between softening point and agingtime at 163C can be approximately expressed in the linearly increasingform Relationship between penetration and aging time at 163C can beapproximately expressed in the first order exponentially falling formDuctility changed abruptly between 15 and 20 hours The composition andstructure of asphalt changed which was the main reason of asphaltpavement performance going bad

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm

Figure 6 Relationship between ductility and aging time at 163C


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The financial support provided by China Fushun science andtechnology committee under grant No 980108 was gratefully acknowl-edged One of the authors (Huo) would like to thank Lei L Feng Y fortheir assistance in the laboratory

REFERENCES

Changxiang Zhang Yuzhen Zhang and Jijun Chen 1990 Petroleumrefining 21(2)14ndash21

Guoqing Ding and Yaohua Fan 1990 Petroleum refining 21(5)42ndash48Hengfu Shui Benxian Shen and Jingsheng Gao 1998 Journal of east china

university of science and technology 24(4)399ndash404Huixing Wong and Xingjun Mao 1992 The kinetics of petroleum refining

process Hydrocarbon processing publisher BeijingJiaji Yan 1987 Study on asphalt performance Remi Jiaotong Publisher

BeijingKaifu Huo and Kejian Liao 2000 Study on the aging process of Liaoshu

asphalt Journal of high school petrochemical (2)Petersen JC 1993 Fuel Sci Technol Intrsquos 1993 11(1)57ndash58Wright JR 1962 J Appl Chem (12)256ndash266Yonghang Liu Yaohua Fan and Xiangchang Zhang 1984 Petroleum

asphalt Petroleum industry publishers BeijingYutai Qi Minggang Wang and Yaohua Fan 1993 Petroleum asphalt

(4)17ndash22

Received August 27 2000Accepted October 2 2000

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A STUDY ON KINETICS OF AGING OF

PAVING ASPHALT

Huo Kai-Fu1Zhai Yu-Chun

2Liao Ke-Jian

1

Yang Peng1 Yan Feng1 and Wei Yi1

1Department of Applied Chemistry Fushun PetroleumInstitute Fushun 113001 Liaoning PR China2Institute of Material and Metallurgy North-east

University Shenyang 110006 Liaoning PR China

ABSTRACT

In this paper the aging processes of two penetration-gradepaving asphalt which conform to the standard of EssonCompanyhavebeen studiedby rotation thin filmoven (RTFO)The first order aging kinetic model has been established andsome kinetics parameters were calculated The relationshipbetween pavement properties of asphalt and aging course wasrevealed The intervention of oxygen in high temperaturecaused oxidation reactions which changed the compositionand structure of asphalt the aging resistant performance ofasphalt was weak and the service performance went to bad

Key Words Paving asphalt Aging Aging resistant perfor-mance Kinetics

Corresponding author Currently he is studying for his PhD at North-eastUniversity under supervisor Zhai Yu-Chun

PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 19(5amp6) 641ndash650 (2001)

641

Copyright 2001 by Marcel Dekker Inc wwwdekkercom

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INTRODUCTION



EXPERIMENTS



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Experimental Method






Sample

Softening

Point (C)

Penetration

(25C 5 s 01mm)

Ductility


A 461 721 gt1463 328 435 151 86B 441 92 gt1463 284 437 215 64


WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 17 17 17 17 17 175 183 184 187 192 21 20910 195 197 212 213 245 246

15 211 21 231 234 275 28220 225 224 253 255 312 31225 238 237 275 275 354 348

30 254 249 293 294 382 379


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Aging

Time h

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 146 146 146 146 146 1465 163 164 172 174 188 19310 181 182 196 201 227 236

15 201 199 221 226 267 27820 218 215 248 251 308 31725 234 232 274 276 351 35430 253 249 302 299 392 390


SampleTemperature

CK

(103 h1)Related

CoefficientA

(104 h1)Ea

(kj mol1)

A 150 356 09990163 548 09993 295 5625

180 986 09985

B 150 447 09997163 668 09987 092 5131180 1128 09982

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kt frac141


thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)



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220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


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0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



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0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


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CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

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100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


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INTRODUCTION



EXPERIMENTS



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Experimental Method






Sample

Softening

Point (C)

Penetration

(25C 5 s 01mm)

Ductility


A 461 721 gt1463 328 435 151 86B 441 92 gt1463 284 437 215 64


WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 17 17 17 17 17 175 183 184 187 192 21 20910 195 197 212 213 245 246

15 211 21 231 234 275 28220 225 224 253 255 312 31225 238 237 275 275 354 348

30 254 249 293 294 382 379


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Aging

Time h

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 146 146 146 146 146 1465 163 164 172 174 188 19310 181 182 196 201 227 236

15 201 199 221 226 267 27820 218 215 248 251 308 31725 234 232 274 276 351 35430 253 249 302 299 392 390


SampleTemperature

CK

(103 h1)Related

CoefficientA

(104 h1)Ea

(kj mol1)

A 150 356 09990163 548 09993 295 5625

180 986 09985

B 150 447 09997163 668 09987 092 5131180 1128 09982

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kt frac141


thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)



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220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


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0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

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70

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t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



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k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


Experimental Method






Sample

Softening

Point (C)

Penetration

(25C 5 s 01mm)

Ductility


A 461 721 gt1463 328 435 151 86B 441 92 gt1463 284 437 215 64


WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 17 17 17 17 17 175 183 184 187 192 21 20910 195 197 212 213 245 246

15 211 21 231 234 275 28220 225 224 253 255 312 31225 238 237 275 275 354 348

30 254 249 293 294 382 379


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS







Aging

Time h

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 146 146 146 146 146 1465 163 164 172 174 188 19310 181 182 196 201 227 236

15 201 199 221 226 267 27820 218 215 248 251 308 31725 234 232 274 276 351 35430 253 249 302 299 392 390


SampleTemperature

CK

(103 h1)Related

CoefficientA

(104 h1)Ea

(kj mol1)

A 150 356 09990163 548 09993 295 5625

180 986 09985

B 150 447 09997163 668 09987 092 5131180 1128 09982

644 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS



kt frac141


thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


646 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS








0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS







Aging

Time h

WPI (150C) WPI (163

C) WPI (180C)


0 146 146 146 146 146 1465 163 164 172 174 188 19310 181 182 196 201 227 236

15 201 199 221 226 267 27820 218 215 248 251 308 31725 234 232 274 276 351 35430 253 249 302 299 392 390


SampleTemperature

CK

(103 h1)Related

CoefficientA

(104 h1)Ea

(kj mol1)

A 150 356 09990163 548 09993 295 5625

180 986 09985

B 150 447 09997163 668 09987 092 5131180 1128 09982

644 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS



kt frac141


thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


646 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS








0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS



kt frac141


thorn1

n 1eth1 xTHORN1n









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3501

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


646 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS








0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






220 225 230 235 24044

48

52

56

B asphalt

A asphalt

- l n

k

T -1(10-3K-1)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30

02

03

04

05

150˚C

163˚C

180˚C

t h

-ln(

1-x)


646 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS








0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS








0 15 20 25 30 3540

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

t h

5 10

A asphalt

B asphalt

Soft

enin

g po

int

˚C



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS






0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Pene

trat

ion

01

mm


648 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS


CONCLUSION




0 5 10 15 20 25 300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B asphalt

A asphalt

t h

Duc

tility

cm



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

ORDER REPRINTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


REFERENCES








(4)17ndash22


650 HUO ET AL

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Order now








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Yor

k U

nive

rsity

Lib

rari

es]

at 0

017

11

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Documents

A STUDY ON KINETICS OF AGING OF PAVING ASPHALT