A STUDY OF SWEAR WORDS USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN JOJO MOYES … · 2017-08-14 · viii ABSTRAK Dewi, Reinildis Agrini. (2017) A study of of swear words used by the characters in Jojo

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A STUDY OF SWEAR WORDS USED BY THE CHARACTERS

IN JOJO MOYES : ME BEFORE YOU

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Reinildis Agrini Dewi

Student Number : 121214150

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2017

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

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DEDICATION PAGE

For nothing will be impossible for God

(Luke 1:37)

I dedicate this thesis

for my lovely family

and my own future


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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work

or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the

references, as a scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, 12 July 2017


121214150


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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Reinildis Agrini Dewi

Nomor Mahasiswa : 121214150

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

A STUDY OF SWEAR WORDS USED BY THE CHARACTERS

IN JOJO MOYES : ME BEFORE YOU

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan

kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,

mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan

data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau

media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta izin dari saya

maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya

sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal: 12 Juli 2017

Yang menyatakan,



vii

ABSTRACT

Dewi, Reinildis Agrini. (2017) A study of of swear words used by the characters

in Jojo Moyes : Me Before You. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

In the society, profanity is considered as an unaccepted behavior among

people. An example of profanity behavior is swear words utterance. Nowadays

many people including students are easily exposed by swear words especially

those which appear in media and in written form. Me Before You is a novel which

are written by an English author, Jojo Moyes. It was published in 2016. In

addition, it is one of best seller literature work in the world. It consists of some

swear words in it. The researcher believes that swear words exposure might

influence how people think and speak in daily life. This research was conducted in

order to gain the information about swear words and why do people swear

according to the novel. Therefore, to get the information, the researcher comes up

with two research questions: What types of swear words are found and what are

the possible reasons for swear words utterances in Me Before You novel?

The researcher implemented content analysis to dig out information. First,

the researcher selected all swearing expressions in Me Before You novel. After

sorting and selecting processes, the researcher classified the words into its type

based on the combination of Wardhaugh‘s and Hughes‘s theories; they are

excretion terms, death terms, body function terms, religious terms, animal terms,

and imbecilic terms. Furthermore, she also analyzes reasons for swear words

utterances based on Rothwell‘s theory which are to get attention, to discredit

someone or something, to provoke, to create interpersonal identification, and also

to provide catharsis.

As the result, the researcher found 25 different swear words appeared in

the novel. Moreover, the total frequency of swear words utterances was 172 times.

The most frequent swear words type which appeared in the novel was in term of

body function (66 times) and the least was sex (genital) terms. Furthermore,

providing catharsis becomes the most frequent reasons to utter swear words (104

times). In other words, swear words are uttered in order to spontaneously release

emotion.

Keywords : Swear words, profanity, novel, sociolinguistics


viii

ABSTRAK

Dewi, Reinildis Agrini. (2017) A study of of swear words used by the characters

in Jojo Moyes : Me Before You. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

Dalam lingkungan sekitar, pengucapan kata-kata tidak senonoh merupakan

kebiasaan yang kurang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat.salah satu contoh

pengucapan kata tidak senonoh adalah kata-kata dalam bentuk umpatan. Saat ini,

masyarakat termasuk para siswa dapat dengan mudah menemukan kata-kata

umpatan terlebih kata-kata yang muncul di media terlebih dalam bentuk tulisan.

Me Before You adalah sebuah novel yang ditulis oleh seorang penulis Inggris

bernama Jojo Moyes. Novel ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2016, dan menjadi salah

satu novel dengan penjualan terlaris di dunia. Di dalam novel tersebut terdapat

kata-kata umpatan. Peneliti percaya bahwa paparan terhadap kata-kata umpatan

dapat memengaruhi cara berpikir dan berbicara masyarakat. Karya ini dibuat

dengan tujuan untuk menggali informasi mengenai kata-kata umpatan dan alasan

di balik pengucapan kata-kata tersebut sesuai dengan konteks novel tersebut.

Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka penulis merangkum dengan membuat 2

rumusan masalah: tipe kata umpatan apa yang muncul dalam novel serta apa

alasan dari pengucapan kata-kata umpatan dalam novel Me Before You?.

Peneliti menggunakan teknik konten analisis untuk menjawab rumusan

masalah tersebut. Pertama, peneliti memilah kata-kata dan ungkapan yang

mengandung ungkapan dalam novel tersebut. Selanjutnya peneliti

mengelompokkan kata-kata dan ungkapan tersebut ke dalam tipe berdasarkan

kombinasi antara teori Wardhaugh dan Hughes: excretion terms, death terms,

body function terms, religious terms, animal terms, dan imbecilic terms. Peneliti

juga mengelompokkan berdasarkan alasan dibalik pengucapan kata umpatan

tersebut berdasarkan teori Rothwell: to get attention, to discredit someone or

something, to provoke, to create interpersonal identification, dan juga to provide

catharsis.

Hasilnya, peneliti menemukan 25 jenis kata umpatan yang berbeda di dalam novel

tersebut. Namun jumlah frekuensi keseluruhan dari kata-kata umpatan oleh

seluruh karakter adalah 172 kali. Tipe kata umpatan yang paling sering muncul

adalah body function terms (66 kali). Sedangkan tipe yang paling sedikit adalah

sex term (genital terms). Selanjutnya providing catharsis merupakan alasan yang

paling sering digunakan dibalik pengucapan kata umpatan (104 kali). Dengan kata

lain karakter dalam novel tersebut mengumpat untuk mengeluarkan atau

melegakan perasaan.

Kata kunci : kata-kata umpatan, kata-kata tidak senonoh, novel, sosiolinguistik


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all I want to give my gratitude to my one and only Lord Jesus

Christ because of His blessing and grace, I have chance to write and finish my

thesis. I also thank Him for guiding me in the whole process of my life.

My grateful thanks also go to my parents Rosa Siti Widyastuti and

Petrus Sukamso for being the biggest and greatest supporters during the whole of

my life. I also thank them for their prayer and trust in every step that I choose.

Thank you to my lovely brother Valentinus Tri Askumdana and his wife Arika

Marheni for their support and motivation when I felt down in the process of

finishing my study.

My sincere gratitude also goes to my former advisor Drs. J.B. Gunawan,

M.A. and also my major advisor Carla S. Prabandari, S.Pd., M.Hum. for their

patience, attention, guidance, advice, criticism, suggestion, and feedback in the

whole process my writing process. I also thank Laurentia Sumarni, S.Pd.,

M.Trans.St. for being my academic advisor since the beginning of my journey in

Sanata Dharma University. My thankfulness also goes to all PBI lecturers and

staffs for their humble heart to accompany me during my study.

Furthermore, I give thanks to my best friends Elma, Venny, Agnes,

Lintang, Chaco, and Adi for our four-years of friendship and togetherness in this

university, through their companion, now I know the real meaning of friendship.

In addition, I also would like to thank Bunga, Anggi, Ami, Deta, Mona Ika,

Chandra, and Ote for their endless support to me. I also want to say thank you to

all my friends and communities, PBI E 2012, PSM Cantus Firmus, Kelompok 10

KKN USD LI, PPL SMP N 15 YK for their companion during my study in the

university.

Last but not least, I would like to thank the 7th

AYD committees

especially General Secretary team for motivating and allowing me to use the


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secretariat in order to accomplish my work whenever I visited Sanata Dharma

University library.

Finally, I thank everyone whose name I cannot mention one by one, who

helped and supported me during my thesis writing process. May God bless them.



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL PAGES ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

DEDICATION PAGE ............................................................................................ iv

STATEMENT OF WORK‘S ORIGINALITY ....................................................... v

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI................................. vi

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1

A. Research Background................................................................................... 1

B. Research Questions ...................................................................................... 5

C. Research Significance .................................................................................. 5

D. Definition of Terms ...................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................................... 8

A. Theoretical Description ................................................................................ 8

1. The Use of Language in the Society......................................................... 8

2. Concept of Taboo Words ....................................................................... 10

3. Concept of Swear Words ........................................................................ 11

4. Types of Swear Words ........................................................................... 12

5. Reasons of Swear Words Utterances ...................................................... 17

B. Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 20

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................... 22

A. Research Method ........................................................................................ 22

B. Source of Data ............................................................................................ 23

C. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique ............................................... 24

D. Data Analysis Technique ........................................................................... 25


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CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .......................... 28

A. Types of Swear Words ............................................................................... 28

1. Excretion terms ....................................................................................... 31

2. Death terms ............................................................................................. 32

3. Body function terms ............................................................................... 33

4. Religious terms ....................................................................................... 35

5. Animal terms .......................................................................................... 35

7. Imbecilic term ......................................................................................... 37

B. Reasons of swear words ............................................................................. 37

1. To Get Attention ..................................................................................... 39

2. To Discredit Something or Someone ..................................................... 40

3. To Provoke ............................................................................................. 43

4. To Create Interpersonal Identification.................................................... 44

5. To Provide Catharsis .............................................................................. 45

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................... 50

A. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 50

B. Recommendations ...................................................................................... 51

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 53

APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 55


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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 3.1 The Format of Table of Types of Swear Words in Me Before You

Novel……………………………………………………………………… 25

Table 3.2 The Format of Table of Reasons of Swear Words in Me Before

You Novel…………………………………………………………………. 25

Table 4.1 List of Words which are appeared in the novel Me Before You………… 48

Table 4.2 Data finding of swear-words type in Me Before You……………………... 49

Table 4.3 Data finding of swear-words reasons in Me Before You............................57


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix A…………………………………………………………………… 53

Appendix B…………………………………………………………………… 75


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is aimed to elaborate the background and the reason why the

study is conducted. It also elaborates the problems in this study. In this chapter,

the researcher divides the explanation into four parts. They are research

background, research questions, research significance, and definition of terms.

Research background explains problems and the reasons why the researcher

conducts this study. Moreover, in the second part, the researcher formulates two

research questions in order to lead discussion of this study. Meanwhile, research

significance is written to identify the contribution of the study. Last, in the end of

this chapter, the researcher provides definition of terms to make every term that is

frequently discussed in this study clear.

A. Research Background

Everyone in the world has ideas in their mind. In order to show the idea

people need to communicate with others. Language is an important medium for

communication. By using language, people can share their ideas with others.

According to Fromkin, Blaire, and Collins (2000) when somebody knows a

language and another person speaks the same language, they will be able to

understand his or her ideas. Furthermore Fromkin, et al. (2000) claim that

knowing a language means ―the capacity to produce sounds that signify certain

meanings, and to understand or interpret the sound produces by others.‖ People


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can build a group and become a society by conveying their idea and try together to

find out others‘ ideas. (p.3).‖ On the other hand, language is also an instrument to

show a person‘s identity.‖ Chaika (1982 p.2) states that ―people use language to

reveal or conceal personal identity, character and background without realizing

that they are actually doing so‖. Therefore, by listening and identifying someone‘s

language we can identify or understand his or her character. In order to deliver the

idea or feeling properly, people emphasize and strengthen certain words and

phrases. The high tone of voice and diction of words are used to express the

emotion.

There are several ways for people to express their emotion. For example

low voice is produced when somebody wants to show hesitation. Meanwhile,

strong and bad words are also used to express anger. There are many reasons that

cause people to produce bad words. In many occasions, bad words are spoken to

show anger or just to make a joke. Bad words are often regarded as impolite and

rude way to express the emotion. However, bad words are often uttered as swear

words. Jay and Janschewitz (2008) state that swear words can be used in polite

and impolite way. Moreover, Jay and Janschweit (2008) also argue that swearing

is primarily used to convey emotional meaning. Based on the explanations, swear

words are not only considered as an instrument to offend but also to convey

emotion. In addition, Allan and Burridge (2006) mention ―taboo arise as social

constraints on the individual‘s behavior when it can cause discomfort, harm or

injury.‖ (p.1) Therefore, it must be avoided since it can ruin the value of certain

culture especially about politeness and manners. People sometimes get offended


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by swear words utterances, even though the aim of the speaker is to express the

proper feeling. Since taboo and swear words are considered as impolite way to

deliver message, those taboo words and swear words are avoided or often being

censored media.

Swear words production happens every day in the society, for example in

social media like twitter. It also occurs in television programs, movies, magazines,

and novels. Meanwhile, young people and children are getting more familiar with

technology and getting more exposed to media. Men, women, and even children

are familiar with swear words that occurred in those media. Hence, there is no

limitation for people to use swear words. Swear words are not only spoken in

certain country but also every region. It has its own terms that are considered as

swearing. Swear words are also spoken in English speaking countries. There are

many words that are considered as universal swear words. However, there are

differences terms between English variations. The examples of British swear

words which often appeared in the movies are bloody hell and holy shit.

Therefore, it might influence how people choose diction in the daily life. Thus, the

researcher wants to explore swear words in a novel since people are also getting

more familiar with not only spoken but also written swear words form.

Swear words are produced not only in spoken form but also in written

form. Taboo and swear words in spoken form can be found in daily conversation,

movies, talk show, and any other media that include speech and dialogue. While

swear and taboo words in written form appear in magazines, short stories, blog,

and also novel. The example of taboo and swear words that are usually found in


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written form is like shit and hell. Furthermore, taboo words are primarily taken

from sexual activities, sexual organs, or dirty things. A novel entitled Me Before

You stated several swear words in the story. For example, a sentence as stated in

the novel the story ‘Shit. I‘ve never seen Mum like that’ (p. 796). The word ‗shit‘

is commonly considered as a universal swearing word.

The reasons why the researcher chose a novel entitled Me Before You

because it contains swear words in the story. In addition, the novel is also adapted

to a film with the same title which also attracts more people to read the novel after

watching the movie in order to get more complete story. The characters in the

novel entitled Me Before You are men and women who use swear words in the

conversation. The swear words in the novel are primarily found in the characters‘

conversation rather than in the description. Besides, the novel became number one

New York Times bestseller novel. Therefore, it might have influence on the

readers‘ perspective and language style since many people read Me Before You

novel.

The novel tells about Will Traynor, a successful man who is hit by a

motorbike and becomes quadriplegic survivor for the rest of his life. He cannot

move his body except for his head, thumb, and index finger. Meanwhile Louisa

Clark, Will‘s helper, is also facing difficult situation in her life. Hard times that

they have make them express their feeling by producing swear words quite often.

On the other hand, this novel has a great moral value that life is precious even

though it is hard. It is very important for the readers to get deeper understanding


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of swear words in a novel and also additional information about the cultural

context of swear-words production.

B. Research Questions

According to background of this study, the researcher formulates two

research questions as follow:

1. What types of swear words are found in Me Before You novel?

2. What are the possible reasons for swear words utterances in Me Before You

novel?

C. Research Significance

The study hopefully can give contribution for the students in the English

Language Education Study Program in Sanata Dharma University, educational

fields in general, Indonesian readers and other researchers.

1. For Students at Educational Fields in English Language Education Study

Program

This study hopefully can be beneficial for students to know further

understanding about taboo and swear words. They are expected to know the

concept of swear words. Therefore, by understanding the concept well, they will

know how swear words utterances impact the society especially in educational

area and their students in the future. It also can motivate students to learn more

about linguistics especially in sociolinguistic area.


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2. For Readers in General

This study hopefully could give deeper understanding to the readers about

swear words phenomena that happen either in media like movies, novel and

videos or in the real situations.

3. For Future Researchers

The researcher hopes that this study could inspire and give more

information for the future studies about taboo and swear words. In addition, this

study hopefully could help the next researchers who want to conduct the study in

similar area.

D. Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding in this study, the writer provides

definition of several terms that will be frequently appear in this study.

1. Swear Words

Ljung (2011) defines swear words as the use of offensive language

especially in anger which are uttered by involving emotive function. Furthermore

swear word does not refer to its literal meaning. In this research, swear words are

defined as taboo words which are considered as offensive and insulting terms and

uttered primarily to express human‘s feeling.

Moreover, Jay and Janschewitz (2008) define swear words as the words which

are well suited to express emotion as their primary meanings are connotative. In

addition they also explain that the purpose of swearing is to express emotion

especially anger and frustration.


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2. Characters

According to Abram (1999) Characters are the persons in a dramatic or

narrative work who are interpreted by the reader as a person who has moral,

intellectual, and emotional qualities. The reader concludes the qualities by the

dialogue, and from what the characters are told in the story. In addition, a

character in a literature work is described as a person or animal in a book, play, or

movie (Oxford Dictionary). Therefore, in this research, characters refer to the

people which are mentioned or appeared in the novel. In the case of Me Before

You novel, the characters are Will, Louisa, Camilla, Treena, Josie and some other

characters.

3. Me Before You Novel

Me Before You (2016) is a novel that is written by Jojo Moyes, an English

author. It tells the readers about Louisa Clark and William Traynor. They are two

young people who live in small village in England. The novel has also become

number one New York Times best seller novel. Therefore, this novel is very

popular.


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides the review of literature, theoretical, and other studies

that are related to this study. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part

is about theoretical description which elaborates the theories and description

related to this study. The second part is the theoretical framework which connects

the theories to answer every point from each elaboration.

A. Theoretical Description

In this part, the writer uses the theoretical description that is closely related

to this study. This section provides a definition of each term. The researcher

provides the information about the concept of taboo and swear word, type of

swear words and also the purposes of swear words utterances.

1. The Use of Language in the Society

Creatures on earth have their own way to communicate to each other. To

be more specific, humans use language to communicate and interact to others, for

example verbal language, body, language, and sign language. Perception,

education, and society determine how a person thinks. Context, idea, habit and

politeness are things which are considered in the surrounding. It is a basic ability

to develop relationship among people. The relationship between language and

society is explained by Hudson (1996), sociolinguistics as the study of language

in relation to the society. In addition, other experts and sociolinguists tried


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obtain information by conducting studies about phenomena of language and

society. Therefore, Holmes describes what sociolinguists do (2001) as follows :

Sociolinguists study the relationship between language and society. They

are interested in explaining why we speak differently in different social

context, and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of

language and the way it is used to convey social meaning. Examining the

way people use language in different social context provides a wealth of

information about the way language works, as well as about the social

relationship in a community, and the way people signal aspects of their

social identity through their language. (p.1)

In addition, Wardhaugh (2006) describes sociolinguistics by analyzing

each word. He describes society as ―a group of people who have certain purposes

or purposes. Meanwhile language is what the members of certain society speak.‖

(p.1). Hence, according to the experts, language and society cannot be separated.

They are connected one another.

Language is a part of people‘s identity and social life. Wardhaugh (2006)

adds ―identity is constructed from interaction with others and is the result of our

socialization‖ (p.7). Language reveals information of the speaker, for example by

listening to someone‘s speech, other people will be able to identify where he or

she comes from, since language which is spoken by the speaker is also

constructed from interaction with society in his or her origin. Thus, language and

society have strong connection. Since language is a product of society, it also has

impact for the society. Hence, sociolinguistics is studied to see how society and

language are connected.


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2. Concept of Taboo Words

The main topic of this study is about swear words, while it cannot be

separated from what it is called taboo words. Swear words usually come from

taboo words that are considered as inappropriate words to be spoken. Allan and

Buridge (2006) point out ―people constantly censor the language they use. We

examine politeness and impoliteness as they interact with straight talking‖ (p.1).

Moreover, Lindahl describes ―words that are not supposed to be said or used,

often because they are regarded as improper or immoral, or believed to be

supernaturally forbidden‖ (2008, p.1). Therefore, according to the description

above taboo words are supposed to be avoided. In addition, according to

Anderson, ―western cultures generally take their taboo words and thus swear

words from sexual organs, sexual relation, religion, excrement, death, physically

or mentally disabled, prostitution, narcotics, and crime‖ (as cited in Karjaleinen,

2002, p. 17). In a simple way taboo words can be described as the words which

are avoided and uncomfortable to be discussed. Instead of saying the taboo words

directly, the speakers prefer to use other words like poo and pee.

Since taboo is considered to be avoided, some taboo words are

implemented in swearing. It is considered as harmful, rude, and embarrassing to

be spoken. Karjaleinen (2002) adds :

There are both behavioral taboos, for instance the prohibition against

incestuous, relations, and linguistic taboos, for instance the use of swear

words. Our behavioral taboos will reflect on our language and with time

the actual words that are used to talk about the subject that is considered

taboo will themselves become taboo. These taboo words tend to become

swear words. (p.16)


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Therefore, taboo words that get through the unconscious system would become

behave or and also used to express the speaker‘s phrases then it becomes swear

words.

3. Concept of Swear Words

In society, swear words sometimes described as the language to insult or

offense other people. However, according to Allan and Buridge (2006) the verb

swear means to take an oath; make a solemn, declaration, statement, affirmation,

promise or undertaking. According to Allan and Buridge description, swear does

not always relate to insulting or offensive word. Swearing may deliver emotions

like anger more effectively. While in western culture the use of swear words

works in relationships and social interactions next (p. 14). It is quite difficult to

distinguish swear words and taboo words. Karjaleinen (2002, p. 18) argues a

layperson might think that all the use of taboo words or words that refer to taboo

is swearing, and although all swear words are taboo, but not all taboo words are

swear words. However, Ljung (2011) divides swear words into several criteria.

Those criteria are: swearing is the use of utterances containing taboo words, taboo

words are used in swearing do not retain their literal meaning, swearing as

formulaic language, swearing is emotional language.

Swear words are influenced by the culture around people. Every region

has its own words in swearing. It is supported by Jay and Janschweitz (2006, p.

272) by saying ―sociocultural influences on swearing vary from culture to culture

and take some time and experience within a culture to be fully appreciated‖. For


12

instance, American swearing can be different from another English speaking

country‘s swearing because of its culture diversity.

4. Types of Swear Words

There are some studies which are conducted about taboo and swear words.

Linguists and experts made group of swear words. In this research, the researcher

elaborates types of swear words according to four expert‘s classification. The

elaboration of swear words types are elaborated as follows :

a. Types of swear words according to Anderson and Trudgill

There are many swear words in the society. The experts conducted the

research in the past to investigate and get more information about swear words.

Swear words utterance is sometimes considered offensive toward other people.

The experts and linguists investigate and make swear words into groups.

Anderson and Trudgill (1992) categorize swear words into several types.

1) Expletive Swear Words

First type of swear words is expletive. Anderson and Trudgill (1992)

describe expletive swear words as swearing that is not uttered or pointed to other

people. On the other hand, the swearing expression functions to show emotion,

expression and feeling, for instance happiness, anger, frustration, sadness,

excitement and some others expression. It is not meant or to be said directly to

other people

As an example, when somebody is very surprised, the person would say

Oh shit! In this context, the word shit does not go to any person around the


13

speaker. The speaker utters the swear words spontaneously to express his or her

feeling of surprise.

2) Abusive Swear Words

On the other hand, abusive swear words are the opposite side of expletive

swear words. The swear words are aimed and directly spoken to other people to

insult or offend other people. This type of swear words is primarily uttered to

show anger.

The example of abusive swear word is when someone gets very angry and

had argument to something or other person, then directly he or she says fuck you!

You shoud’ve told me earlier! The words are spoken to insult or offend other

people because of the speaker‘s anger.

3) Humorous Swear Words

Similar to expletive swear words, humorous swear words are not directly

pointed to other people. The purposes of this swear words are to make fun and

make the situation more relaxed between the speakers. This type of swear words

is usually uttered by those who have close and strong relationship.

The example of humorous swear words is when a boy wears funny

costume in front of his friend, and then his friend says hey, it looks like a shit,

man! Then both of them are laughing. They laugh because the boy knows that his

friend makes jokes by uttering swear word. The word shit functions to make fun

of the other speaker.


14

4) Auxiliary Swear Words

Unlike the previous types of swear words, auxiliary swear words are not

related to people or feeling expression. On the other hand, auxiliary swear words

have non-significant meaning. Auxiliary swear words are often called as ―lazy

word‖. It is used to emphasize or strengthen the other word.

Auxilary swear words do not have certain meaning. For instance, in the

sentence it’s fucking great job, the word fucking does not mean to insult. It is

uttered only to emphasize the word great. In addition, bloody hell does not have

any significance meaning once they are uttered.

.

b. Types of Swear Words According to Wardhaugh

Moreover, another expert defines and classifies types of swear words.

Wardhaugh (1986) divides swear words into seven types. The swear words types

are elaborated as follows :

1) Excretion

Swear words in excretion type are swear word that is originally from

human‘s or excretion system. Human‘s excretion is considered as dirty and

impolite. The examples of this type are: shit and piss.

2) Death

The words which are used or uttered to swear are related to places related

to the death. The words are represented by place like go to hell or thing that might

happen after somebody passes away like damned or damn it.


15

3) Body Function Term

Hidden parts of body are also used to insult other people or to convey

expression. The hidden parts of body are usually considered embarrassing or used

to do sexual activity. Ass in American English and arse in British English are

primarily uttered to represent this term.

4) Religious Matter

Swearing is not always related to bad business. Religious matter which

originally is meant to be good and polite words is also used to swear. Then the

words are considered to be bad words. Religious words are usually uttered to

express shock or amazement in swearing. The examples of swearing in religious

matter are: Jesus! Christ! For God’s sake!

5) Mother in Law

Mother in law is the term to describe woman‘s affair with many men or

partners. The examples of this type are slut, bitch, and motherfucker. The words

slut and bitch show are considered as woman‘s dirty job or habits.

6) Sex Term

A sexual activity is not supposed to be shown or discussed in the society.

Therefore, in the society a sexual activity is a topic which is embarrassing to be

discussed, so it is used to insult or offend other people. The words which are used

to swear come from sexual activity. Fuck and cunt are used to swear in English.


16

c. Types of swear words according to Hughes

Besides, as Wardhaugh did, Hughes (1999) also describes that there are

five types of swear words based on the meaning of the words. The types are :

1) Genital terms

The first type of Hughes‘s classification is swear words which are formed

from genital organs of human body. This type is similar to Wardhaugh‘s sex term

of swear-words. It described swear words by human‘s sexual organ or sexual

activity terms.

2) Excretory terms

People also swear with excretory system in animal‘s or human‘s life. The

function of the use of excretory terms is similar to genital terms. It is regarded to a

dirty thing. Moreover, it is also an object that usually avoided by most people.

Therefore, the words which come from excretory system are used to profane

others.

3) Animal terms

Some people use animal words to profane others. Human is considered as

the cleverest and the smartest creature ever. Thus, the words related to animal are

used to offend and to swear. The example for this term is the word bitch. In

formal situation bitch. In the formal situation, bitch has the similar meaning like a

female dog. Animals are also considered as dirty creatures since the animals live

wildly in the nature.


17

4) Anatomical terms

Anatomy of human and animal is also one of swear words classification.

People use the anatomical terms of the body as swear words. They are regarded as

an embarrassing and dirty thing. Thus the anatomical terms are also parts of the

body that must be hidden.

5) Imbecilic terms

Imbecilic terms come from the word imbecile which has the same meaning

as stupid or idiot. These swear words are linked to disability or low level of

intelligence. The examples of imbecilic term swear words are stupid, moron and

idiot.

6) General terms

Unlike the other swear words which are classified into its original word,

Hughes (1991) mentioned the last category based on the function of the swear

words. In this term, swear words are functioned to add strong emphasis to the

following or former words. The example of general terms are fucking crazy! and

bloody hell!

5. Reasons of Swear Words Utterances

Swear words utterances are caused by several purposes and reasons.

Therefore, in this research, the researcher elaborates reason of swear words

according to two experts. The reason is explained as follows :


18

a. Reason of Swear Words Utterances According to Rothwell

Regarding to the society issues, there are many reasons and purposes

behind swear word utterances. The purpose of swear words is primarily to express

feelings especially excitement and anger. However there are 5 purposes of swear

words utterances which are explained by Rothwell (1973). Those purposes are :

1. To Get Attention

People utter swear words in order to get others‘ attention. Using swear

words is considered as having strong power. The speakers also emphasize certain

words to be the central of attention. They do the action which in this case is swear

words utterances to attract people to look at them or listen to them.

2. To Discredit Someone or Something

By analyzing several types of swear words there is a type which is aimed

to insult or offense to others. In this case swear words are spoken to express

disappointment. They put high expectation but the reality is in opposite side of

their expectation.

3. To Provoke

In most cases, swear words create bad interpretation among the society. By

listening to swear words someone gets angry easily. Thus, swear words can cause

violation to other people because the hearers are disappointed by swearing they

hear.


19

4. To Create Interpersonal Identification

The next purpose is to create interpersonal identification. Swear words are

uttered to identify their colleague or friends in more specific way. However, only

close friends or colleague do swearing on this purpose.

5. To Provide Catharsis

The last purpose of swearing is to provide catharsis. It means that the

speaker literally wants to show their feeling. Swear words are produced to

emphasize the feeling like anger, excitement, frustration, and sadness.

b. Reason of Swear Words Utterances According to Anderson and Trudgill

Furthermore, Anderson and Trudgill describe the reason why people

swear. There are three motives why swear words are produced. They are

psychological motive, social motive, and linguistic motive.

1. Psychological Motive

The reason why swear words are produced is because people give reaction

to phenomena or incident around them. Swearing is considered as a normal

reaction toward incident which makes somebody shocked or angry. Ljung adds

―the swear words are not deliberate, but come more as a reflect. In psychological

motive, swear words are uttered unconsciously as normal reaction.‖

2. Social Motive

In social motive, Karjaleinen (2002) explains ―social swearing is differ

from psychological in that they involve more than one person, as social swearing


20

depends on an audience to have any real function.‖. Therefore, sometimes swear

words are uttered to get attention from the society.

3. Linguistic Motive

In linguistic motive, swear words are produced to give emphasize to

certain word. They are also used to deliver the message properly and to express

amazement or shock. For example in the phrase ‗what the fucking are you doing?‘

The word fucking is applied to emphasize the word ―doing‖.

B. Theoretical Framework

In conclusion, the researcher uses some major theory in order to obtain the

result and draw the conclusion. The theory that will be used to conduct this study

is related to taboo words, swear words, and the usage of swear words in written

form or novel.

Considers the similarity, in order to answer the first research question, the

researcher combines Wardhaugh‘s and Hughes‘s theory and classifies swear

words into seven types. The two theories have similar explanation of each group.

However the researcher added one type of swear words based on Hughes‘s

elaboration. Wardhaugh and Hughes classify the swear words based on the origin

of the word. The swear words which are appeared in the novel would be classified

into Wardhaugh‘s elaboration: excretion terms or excretory terms in Hughes‘

theory, death term, body function term (anatomical term), religious terms, and

sex terms (genital terms). However imbecilic terms and animal terms by Hughes

were added to provide more complete classification.


21

Furthermore, in order to answer the second question, the purposes of the

swear words will be analyzed and categorized into Rothwell‘s theories which are

to get attention, to discredit someone or something, to provoke, to create

interpersonal identification, or to provide catharsis. The purpose and reason will

be analyzed by understanding the context and situation of the speakers into

Rothwell‘s classification.


22

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the rationale of the methods and data analysis. This

chapter is divided into six parts. The first one is research method. In this part, the

writer presents about the method that is going to be used in conducting this study.

The second one is research setting. Research setting describes the time and the

place this study is done. The next one is research subject. Research subject

discusses further about the subject that is being used in this study. At the end of

this chapter, the writer will discuss research procedure further.

A. Research Method

The method that was used in this study is qualitative research. There are

eight types of qualitative research according to Ary, Jacob, and Razavieh (2002)

they are basic interpretative studies, case studies, document or data analysis,

ethnography, grounded theory, historical research, narrative inquiry, and

phenomenological studies. However, it was also described that ―document or data

analysis focuses on analyzing and interpreting human recorded material to learn

about human behavior.‖ (p.29). Furthermore, Cohen et al. (2007, p.475) add that

content analysis is the process of summarizing the written data. Therefore, this

study deals with description and content analysis. Ary, et al. (2002, p.481) state

―data collection, analysis, and report writing do not occur in distinct steps as is


23

typical in quantitative studies.‖ Since this study deals with document or content

analysis, qualitative method were applied to draw the conclusion.

Besides, Ary, et al. (2002) mention there are six steps needed in order to

conduct document or data analysis. First step was specifying the phenomena that

want to be investigated. After specifying the phenomena, the researcher needed to

select the media from which the observations are to be made. The next procedure

was formulating exhaustive and mutually exclusive coding categories so that the

verbal or symbolic content can be counted. Fourth, the researcher should decide

on the sampling plan to be used in order to obtain a representative sample of the

documents. Then the research also should train the coders so that they can

consistently apply the coding scheme that has been developed and thus contribute

to the reliability of the content analysis. Finally, at the end of conducting content

analysis, the researcher is analyzing the data itself based on the theory and the

coding that have been provided.

B. Source of Data

Me Before You is a novel written by English author named Jojo Moyes.

The setting of the novel is primarily taken in a small village in England. It is

published by Penguin Books publisher. Me Before You novel tells the life of a

successful young man, Will Traynor that suffers from quadriplegic. He could not

move his part of body from the neck below. At the beginning of the story, Will is

extremely upset and disappointed with his life, but since his mother hire a cheerful

woman to become his care taker his life is changed into a better life. Meanwhile


24

Will‘s care taker, Louisa Clark does not have an easy life either. She has to work

for the Traynors because her father and she were just fired from their previous

jobs. After some times, Lou found out that Will wants to commit suicide and he

plans to go to ―Dignitas‖, an organization that serves legal suicide in Switzerland.

Lou tries very hard to change Will‘s mind to commit suicide because she realizes

that actually she loves Will. However at the end of the story, Will sticks to the

plan to go to Switzerland. Will Traynor dies peacefully, and he gives Louisa to

access his bank account in order to help Lou chases her dreams.

The researcher found many swear words in the novel. The author wrote

several English swear words which are familiarly uttered in England. However,

some universal English swear words are also found in the novel. The swear words

are primarily produced by the characters as they were important components to

deliver the plot of the story.

C. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

In conducting this study, the researcher used human instrument as the

main tool or device in order to draw the conclusion. Ary, et al. (2002) state that

human can be used as the primary instrument to gather and analyze the data. In

this study, the researcher uses qualitative method and human is used as the

primary instrument to analyze the data by listening to the dialogues carefully.

Human instrument can describe quantitative and qualitative research. Meanwhile,

in qualitative research human is the main instrument to conduct the study. Human


25

instrument in qualitative dealt with human experience and it is important for the

study to be examined by flexible instrument.

Moreover, Ary, et al. (2002) explain that in qualitative research, the

investigator or researcher was the primary instrument Hence, in order to collect

data, the researcher used the table to list down swear words which occurred in the

characters‘ monologue and dialogue. Furthermore, the data gathering process was

divided into two steps. First, the researcher read the novel as the main document

which would be analyzed. Second, the researcher selected sentences and phrases

that contained swear words in it.

D. Data Analysis Technique

In order to get the final result, the researcher divided the analysis

technique into several procedures. After the researcher read the main source

which was Me Before You novel, she specified the sentences and phrases that

contained swear words. After specifying process, the researcher analyzed and

categorized the data based on the type of swear words according to Anderson and

Trudgill (1992). The words were categorized into expletive, abusive, humorous,

or auxiliary swear words. In order to make the classification process easier, the

researcher used tables. By putting the script into the table, the swear words would

be easier to be seen and analyzed. In addition, the table was aimed to help the

researcher to answer the research questions. Therefore, according to Wardhaugh

and Hughe‘s classification, the researcher formulated as follows:


26

Table 3.1 The Format of Table of Types of Swear Words in Me Before You

Novel

Case

No.

Page Desc SW

Type

Explanation

E D B

F

R A

T

S I

1 8 Lou : ―Will

you have a

go at

finding this

bloody arm

for me?

He‘s had me

looking for

half an hour

and I‘ve got

to get ready

for work.‖

Bloody

arm

√ The word

bloody is

originally

from the

word blood

Moreover, the researcher also formulated a table to classify the reasons of swear

words utterances according to Rothwell‘s theory. The table is provided as follows:

Table 3.2 The Format of Table of Reasons of Swear Words in Me Before You Novel

Case

No.

Page Desc SW

Reason

Explanation

C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

1 8 Lou : ―Will you

have a go at

finding this bloody

arm for me? He‘s

had me looking for

half an hour and

I‘ve got to get

ready for work.‖

Bloody

arm

√


27

Abbreviations :

SW = Swear Word CA = to Get Attention

E = Excretion terms D = to Discredit

D = Death terms P = to Provoke

BF = Body Function CII = Create Interpersonal Identification

R = Religious terms PC = to Provide Catharsis

AT = Animal terms

S = Sex terms

I = Imbecilic terms

Besides, the researcher also categorized them into purposes behind swear

words existence in the novel or the characters‘ aim producing the swear words.

Thus, the researcher classified the swear words based on Rothwell‘s (1973)

classification. However, the researcher also used other‘s experts and linguists

theories to support and deepen the research analysis. Moreover, in the analyzing

process, the researcher involved linguists to validate her analysis.

However, in the analysis process, the researcher found problems in form of

multi interpretations, especially in analyzing the reason of swear words utterances.

Therefore, in order to solve the problem, the researcher re-read the whole context

of the paragraphs and sentences which create multi interpretations.


28

CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the researcher will elaborate and provide the finding of this

research. The discussion will be divided into two parts. The first part will discuss

the types of swear words which appeared and are written in Me Before You novel.

They are classified into excretion terms, death terms, and body function terms,

religious terms, animal terms, sex terms, and also imbecilic terms.

Meanwhile in the second part, the researcher also discusses the reason

behind swear-words utterances in Me Before You novel. The reasons of swear

words utterances in the novel are classified into the reason to get attention, to

discredit someone or something, to provoke, to provide interpersonal

identification, and also to provide catharsis.

A. Types of Swear Words

This part is to answer and elaborate about the first research question‘s. The

first question is about types of swear-words that occur in Me Before You novel

written by Jojo Moyes. In order to answer the first question, the researcher

classified the swear words into combination of Wardhaugh and Hughes theory.

There are 172 swear words found in the novel. First, the researcher divided into

the frequency. There are 26 variations of swear words found in the novel. The

following is the swear words and its frequency.


29

Table 4.1 List of Words which are appeared in the novel Me Before You

No Words

Frequency

(times)

1 Death 1

2 Bloody 52

3 Hell 11

4 Fucking/Fuck 10

5 Jesus Christ/Christ 17

6 Bugger 3

7 God/Gosh 14

8 Arse 10

9 Utter dick/Dickhead 1

10 Piss off 8

11 Shit 8

12 Stupid 12

13 Lord 1

14 Idiot 4

15 Cowed 1

16 For Christ/God sake 8

17 Butt 1

18 Insane 2

19 Bullshit 1

20 Bitch 2

21 Suckered 1

22 Mucking up 1

23 Cripple 1

24 Wanky 1

25 Bum 1

As seen in the table above, the most frequent swear words that are found in in the

novel is bloody-. The word is usually attached to another word to emphasize the

meaning of the following word. However, a phrase might consist of two or more

swearing words for example the word bloody hell and bloody stupid.


30

Furthermore, the researcher provides the data in the table. The following

table is formulated based on the combination of Wardhaugh and Hughes‘ theories.

on the number of each type, is presented in the table as follows:

Table 4.2 Data finding of swear-words type

No Type of SW

Numbers of

SW Precentage

1 Excretion terms 20 12%

2 Death terms 12 7%

3 Body function terms 66 38%

4 Religious terms 37 21,5%

5 Animal terms 2 1%

6 Sex terms 10 6%

7 Imbecilic terms 25 14,5%

Total 172 100%

There are seven types which are used to put the words into groups, those

are excretion terms, death terms, body function terms, religious terms, animal

terms, sex terms, and also imbecilic terms. As seen in the table body function

terms are the most swear words uttered by the characters in the novel. They are

appeared 66 times or 38% percent. It is followed by religious terms which are

uttered 37 times or 21,5%. The two terms are followed by imbecilic 25 times

(14.5%), excretion terms which occurred 20 times (12%). However, death term

takes 7% and sex terms contribute 6% for each term in the story. In addition, the

least number of swear words type is animal term. It only appeared 3 times in the

novel.

The researcher found there are 172 swear words written in Me Before You

novel. The words are divided into seven categories based on the real meaning of


31

the words as it has been mentioned. The discussion and elaboration of each type

are provided as follow :

1. Excretion terms

According to Wardhaugh (1986) human‘s excretion system can be an

instrument to offense others and to swear. The example of excretion terms swear-

words is shit or shitty. In other word, shit has the same meaning as feces. The

following statement is uttered by Louisa. The example of swearing situation

Case: 17

I faced him, my heart thumping. ―your friends got the shitty treatment

Fine. They probably deserved it. But I‘m just here day by day trying to

do the best job I can. So I would really appreciate it if you didn‘t make

my life as unpleasant as you do everyone else‘s‖ (p.64)

The word shit or shitty that is seen in the example above actually means feces.

However in the context Louisa statement, the word shitty treatment means very

bad treatment. It happens because William is very angry with his friend, as the

effect he becomes very rude to everyone he met at that day. Louisa works as

William‘s caregiver, therefore she is always in the house with Will from early

morning until afternoon. Louisa, one of the main characters feels uncomfortable

with her situation. Thus she said shitty treatment instead of bad treatment.

Swear words production using excretion system also occurred in another

part of the novel. Another example of swear words is provided as follows:

Case: 31

Will said ―Bullshit‖ (p.95)

Lou said ―they might sound revolting to you, but astonishingly, Will

Traynor, not all girls get dressed just to please men


32

Swear words production does not only deal with human. It also deals with animal

excretion. The example that has been provided above shows that bullshi‘ is an

expression of swearing. Literary, bull shit means bull‘s feces. However, bullshit

in the conversation above has similar meaning to unbelievable. It is an expression

of Will‘s disbelief toward Louisa‘s previous statement.

Furthermore, another example of excretion swear-words also appeared in

the novel like piss. It happens when Louisa, William and Nathan had a holiday.

Case: 101

―Piss off you two‖ Nathan grinned. (p.351)

Piss literally means urine. What Nathan wanted to say is not related to the urine or

excretion system. Piss off in Will‘s, Lou‘s, and Nathan‘s conversation refers to

‗shut up‘ in general. In that setting, Lou and Will are teasing Nathan when Nathan

introduce his new girlfriend to them, however, instead of supporting Nathan, Lou

and Will tease him in front of his girlfriend. He feels embarrassed and he needs to

stop them.

2. Death terms

Death regards to a scary phenomenon. Therefore, many people are afraid

of things that is related to death. Many people also use words that are related to

life after death. The following statements are the example of death terms that

function as swear words.

―I think that is a very responsible thing to do. Very civic-minded‖, I

(Louisa) agree

―I have always admired Nathan for his selflessness. Especially when it

comes to the fairer sex‖ (Will)


33

Case: 18

Oh hell, I thought, as the reality of what I had just done began to sink in.

I‘ve really blown it this time. (p.65)

The word hell, in the sentences above does not literally mean the home of devil,

but it means unpleasant feeling or situation. It is told in the previous description

that Louisa had arguments with Will Traynor. Thus, the word ‗hell‘ means

unpleasant. It refers to the real hell that is described as the most unpleasant place

after death.

3. Body function terms

The third term of the classification is body function term. It appeared the

most frequently in the novel, it occurs 66 times. The body function terms as swear

words are illustrated in the following statements:

Case: 22

―It‘s not the bloody carrots that upset me. It‘s having them sneaked into

my food by a madwoman who addresses the cutlery as Mr. and Mrs. Fork‖

(p.70)

The word bloody carrots is illustrating this type. Meanwhile, the word bloody

comes from blood. According to Wardhaugh‘s theory, hidden part of body can be

functioned as swear words. However, bloody carrots is not the carrots that

covered by blood or bleeding. Instead, it means as bad carrots. It happens when

Lou tries to sneak vegetable into Will‘s food. However, Will knows Louisa‘s

trick, then he said bloody carrots to show the protest to Louisa. The following


34

statement is the example of swear words between Louisa and William. According

to Oxford dictionary, the word bloody- is occurred in British English (BrE)

expression.

However, the other expression that is common in British English has close

relation to the sex term. The organ that is used as swear word usually functioned

to do sexual activity. The example of the swear word is provided as follows:

Case: 64

―you don‘t have to behave like an arse.‖ (p.64)

In the example above, the word arse is not common in American English style.

American English speakers prefer to use ass rather than arse. Both words have the

same meaning. They are part of the body which have a function to sit on.

However, arse in the example above means bad boy or annoying person. It is

because Lou feels that Will is being rude to her. Instead of using the word arse,

Lou can say you don’t have to be annoying to replace the swear word.

Meanwhile, another body function that is usually implemented to swear is

the genital parts. The example of genital function which occurred in the novel is

stated below:

Case: 15

I had a framed photograph at home where I was beaming at Patrick like he

had just called him an ―utter dick‖ and he had responded with a hearty

―Oh, piss off!‖ (p.61)


35

Dick literally means man‘s penis or man‘s private area. It is considered as taboo

and slang word in both American and British English. However, in Lou‘s

monologue context above, she is not referring to the penis as the human‘s body

function but it refers to the feeling of embarrassment. In another word, by its

context dick has similar meaning as coward. Once Louisa looked at the picture of

her boyfriend then she imagined what happened at that moment.

4. Religious terms

Swear words are not only related to the bad issues. Even though religious

term is considered as holy and very good thing, people can still use the religious

term to swear and sometimes to offend. The use of religious term is illustrated as

follows:

Case: 24

―There. You sit there. Don‘t move until it‘s over. Never watched a foreign

film. For Christ‘s sake,‖ (p.72)

The phrase for Christ’s sake is not necessarily mentioning Jesus Christ in the

conversation. Since Jesus Christ is how Christians call their god, therefore it refers

to certain religion, in this case Christian. The Christian word is the expression of

Will‘s disbelief toward what Louisa is doing. The expression also can be replaced

by I don’t believe it since William really does not really believe that Lou has not

watched film with subtitle yet.

5. Animal terms

Animal terms are swear words which describe as a female dog. As it has

been mentioned in chapter II, the examples of these terms is bitch. Furthermore,


36

swear words in terms of mother in law only occurred three times in the novel. One

of the animal term swear word terms is stated as follows:

Case: 32

―And she will be a little bit cross with him all the time without really

knowing why and bitch about him at really awful dinner parties to the

embarrassment of their friends, and he won‘t want to leave because he‘ll

be scared of all the alimony.‖ (p.105)

The statement above is uttered by the main character, Louisa. The word bitch is

aimed to mention another character, named Alicia. Alicia is William‘s ex-

girlfriend who will marry Rupert, William‘s best friend. In the society bitch is

uttered to address a woman who has affair with many guys. Therefore, in this case,

the word bitch means a very bad girl or woman.

6. Sex term

In some occasion or condition many people use words which are related to

sexual activity to insult others. In the novel Me Before You sex terms also

occurred in order to swear or to emphasize certain words and phrases. One

example of sex term swear words examples is uttered by Katrina (Treena) in the

following dialogue

Case: 51

―I‘m a fucking genius‖ (p.141).

The word fuck itself is described as having sex with somebody. Meanwhile, in the

context of Treena and Louisa‘s conversation, fucking functions to emphasize the

following word. On the other word, fucking genius means extremely genius or


37

very genius. Furthermore, in the novel Me Before You sex term swear words are

found quite often. They are stated 10 times in the novel which the most common

word is fuck.

7. Imbecilic term

According to Hughes, imbecilic swear words are described as the inability

of someone. On the other word, imbecilic term also refers to the low intelligence

term. In the novel, imbecilic terms occur twenty five (25) times. The following is

example of imbecilic term in the novel:

Case: 20

She made me feel like a first-class idiot, and consequently I became a

first-class idiot around her. (p.68)

The statement above comes from Louisa. She states the word idiot for herself.

Idiot has the similar meaning to fool. It conveys the low level of intelligence. On

the other hand, in Louisa‘s monologue the word idiot does not mean the low

intelligence. However it means as the silly act (funny act).

B. Reasons of swear words

The second part of this chapter is the elaboration to answer research

question number two. Research question number two is about the purpose or

reason behind swear–words production in Me Before You novel. Therefore,

Rothwell‘s theory of swear words reason is applied in order to answer the second


38

question. Result of swear words reason in Me Before You novel is provided in the

table as follows :

Table 4.2

Data finding of swear-words reasons

No Reason of SW

Numbers of

SW

1 To get attention 18

2 To discredit 36

3 To provoke 13

4

To provide interpersonal

identification 8

5 To provide catharsis 104

As it is seen in the table above, there are five reasons of swear words

according to Rothwell, that are used as the instrument to answer question number

two. The reason of swear-words production in the novel is divided into the reason

to get attention of people, to discredit someone or something, to provoke others, to

provide interpersonal identification, and also to provide catharsis. As seen in the

table most of the characters are swearing to provide catharsis. Swear words

production in order to provide catharsis occurred 104 times out of 172 swear

words. Meanwhile, the other reasons are divided into the purpose of discrediting

someone or something (36 times), followed by the purpose to get attention of

others (13 times), to provoke or invite response occurred (13 times), and the last is

for providing interpersonal identification (8 times).


39

1. To Get Attention

The first reason of swear words production in the novel Me Before You is

to get attention from the society. Furthermore, Rothwell (1973) mention that the

speaker usually emphasize certain words in order to become the center of the

attention. In the novel Me Before You swear words utterances among the

characters are written eighteen (18) times. The following case is the example of

swear words utterances to create society‘s attention:

Case: 6

―She didn‘t say he couldn‘t talk, Mum.‖ I couldn‘t actually remember

what Mrs. Traynor had said. I was still vaguely in shock at actually having

been a given job.

―Maybe he talks through one of those devices. Like that scientist bloke.

The one on The Simpsons.‖

―Bugger,‖ said Thomas

―Nope,‖ said Dad (p.30)

The word bugger is swear word which is quite common among British

English speaker. Meanwhile in Oxford dictionary bugger is described as an

offensive word to insult somebody, especially a man to show anger or dislike.

However in the dialogue above, the swear word comes from Thomas, Treena‘s

little boy. The whole family is busy doing the morning routine and they are

discussing about how Louisa will deal with her new job, Thomas suddenly said

the bugger. He said it because he wants to get the grown-ups attention since they

are very busy and discussing. The following dialogue which is uttered by Louisa‘s


40

father also shows the reader that the family is surprised then suddenly pay

attention to what he says.

Case: 82

One-a big, bluff man with a cigar- seemed not to know what to say when

he was actually there in front of Will, and settled for ―Bloody nice

wedding, wasn‘t it? Thought the bride looked splendid‖. I guessed he

hadn‘t known Alicia‘s romantic history. (p.286-287)

The dialogue above happened between a stranger and William which is told by

Louisa. They are attending Rupert‘s and Alicia‘s wedding. The swear word is

uttered when a stranger comes and tries to have discussion with William. In

addition, the phrase seemed not to know what to say when he was actually there in

front of Will shows that swear word is functioned to get William‘s attention in

order to open discussion with him.

2. To Discredit Something or Someone

The second reason of swear words utterances in Rothwell‘s theory is to

discredit someone or something. In the whole story the reason to discredit

someone or something is quite common to occur. In addition, to discredit is also

interpreted into paying less respect to something or someone. In the novel Me

Before You, the characters, Louisa, Treena, and William sometimes swear to

discredit someone and even something. Here are few dialogues which describe

swear words utterances to discredit someone or something:

Case: 3

―Three months‖ Dad exploded, as my mother thrust a cup of sweet tea into

my hands. ―Well, that‘s a big of him, given she‘s worked like a ruddy

Trojan in that place for the last six years.‖


41

―Bernard.‖ Mum shot him a warning look, nodding toward

Thomas. My parents minded him after school every day until Treena

finished work.

―What the hell is she supposed to do now? He could have given

her more than a day‘s bloody notice.‖

―Well… She‘ll just have to get another job.‖

―There are no bloody jobs, Josie. You know that as well as I do.

We‘re in the middle of a bloody recession.‖ (p.12)

The word hell and bloody describe how Bernard (Louisa‘s father)

underestimates and discredits Louisa‘s ability. In the story it is told that Louisa

just comes back home and tell her family that she loses her job. Her father

becomes a little bit angry because the family is depending on Louisa‘s wage to

support their life. Bernard does not trust Louisa since he thinks that his daughter

does not have any special skill to get another better job. Thus, the expression

What the hell is she supposed to do now and there are no bloody jobs, Josie are

written because Bernard discredit or being disrespects to Louisa‘s ability and

skill.

Case: 9

Just talk to him, for crying out loud. Of course he‘s miserable. He‘s stuck

in a bloody wheelchair. And you‘re probably being useless. Just talk to

him. Get to know him. What‘s the worst that can happen? (p.43)

The swear word is uttered by Treena, Louisa‘s sister. By stating He’s stuck in a

bloody wheelchair she thinks that wheelchair is a symbol of weakness. Therefore,

the word bloody is added because she wants to discredit the wheelchair. People

who sit in the wheelchair refer to the people who are not able to do something.


42

Case: 19

I

had no idea what most of inhabitants of Granta House thought of me. Will

was unreadable. To Nathan, I was, I suspected, just the latest in a long line

of hired caregivers. He was friendly enough but a bit detached. I got the

feeling he wasn‘t convinced I was going to be there for long. Mr. Traynor

nodded at me politely when we passed in the hall, occasionally asking me

how the traffic was, or whether I had settled in all right. I‘m not sure he

would have recognized me if he‘d been introduced to me in another

setting.

But to Mrs. Traynor- oh Lord- to Mrs. Traynor I was apparently the

stupidest and the most irresponsible person on the planet.(p. 67)

In case 20, it is explicitly stated that Louisa is insecure about how William‘s

family thinks about her. She could not see her good side in their eyes. Therefore,

Louisa swears in order to discredit herself especially when she thinks about how

Mrs. Traynor looks at her.

Case: 30

―Jesus Christ.‖

I took another breath (p.94)

The conversation happens between Louisa and William. It is described

that previously William asked Louisa to entertain him. Louisa agrees and she

directly sings a ―Molahonkey Song‖. However, William feels that she is not a

good singer. It is proven in the following page, he said and you are a God-awful

singer. I hope your dad was better‘ (p.95).William also adds tell me something

else. Something that doesn’t involve singing. From William statements, we can

identify that he discredits Louisa‘s ability to sing a good song.


43

Furthermore, this reason appears quite often on the novel. According to

data, the reason of to discredit someone or something in Me Before You novel

were found 43 times or 25 percent. This reason is the second most reason for

swear words utterances in the novel.

3. To Provoke

The next reason to swear according to Rothwell is to provoke other

people. As we know that uttering swear words is mostly considered offensive or

profane. Therefore, in the social life, people are supposed to use swear words

carefully so it does not cause any problems to others and not provoke them to do

worse thing. However, in the novel, the characters sometimes use swear words to

provoke another character. The reasons to provoke others occurred 13 times. The

example of swear words utterances to provoke other is stated in the following

reading:

Case: 34

―You know you don‘t dress like someone from around here. I quite

look forward to seeing what insane combination you‘re going to turn up in

next.‖ (p. 108)

In the novel it is told that Louisa has unusual taste of fashion, that

somehow other people around her find it weird. In case 36, William is mocking

Louisa for her ―unique‖ fashion. The word insane is not a nice word to describe

how Louisa dressed. The way William conveys his joke or his critics toward

Louisa‘s dress is supposed to invite her reaction. From the whole context it is told

that William is trying to tease Lou by mocking her. He wants to trigger Louisa‘s

reaction (anger) by telling bad thing about her taste of fashion.


44

Case: 12

―Bloody man seems to work twenty-four hours a day and expects

everyone else to do the same.‖ You could hear the man‘s palpable relieve

at having found a topic he was comfortable with. ―You know the old Yank

work ethic- no more long lunches, no smutty jokes- Will, I tell you. The

whole atmosphere of the place has changed.‖ (p.55)

The dialogue is uttered by Rupert, William‘s best friend who will marry

his ex-girlfriend. Seeing deeper in case 12, Rupert tells William what is

happening in their office. They worked in the same office before Will suffers

from paralysis. The way Rupert tells the update of the company make William

uncomfortable. It is implicitly stated that Rupert is telling William that the office

or the company is getting better during Will‘s absence.

4. To Create Interpersonal Identification

Swear word utterances are not only the way to express anger or bad

emotion, it is also described as a word to show and express good things. Creating

interpersonal identification is described as a purpose to show strong relationship

between the speakers. The speakers produce swear words to build or to show

close relationship. The purpose of swear word in order to create interpersonal

identification occurred only 8 times. The example of swear words production to

create interpersonal identification is stated as follows:


45

Case: 45

―Shut up. Not for you idiot girl. They‘ll have their own money.

And he‘s probably got a shedload of insurance of the accident. Well, you

tell them that you want a budget and then you used that money, and use

the—what was it?—four months you‘ve got left and you change Will

Traynor‘s mind.‖ (p.140)

The word idiot does not mean that Treena wants to offend Louisa. The swear

word only shows to the reader that Louisa and Katrina are sisters who are really

close to each other. They are discussing about asking money from the Traynors in

order to change Will‘s mind to commit suicide. Louisa does not agree with Treena

since she does not want to ask any money or burden the Traynors. However,

Katrina is really excited to give her opinion and suggestion to Louisa since she

knows that Louisa really loves Will. The word idiot girl is Treena‘s effort to

persuade her beloved sister.

5. To Provide Catharsis

The most frequently reason in swear words production is to provide

catharsis. It occurs 103 times of all reasons in the novel Me Before You. Uttering

swear words is spontaneous reaction to release emotion. In addition, swearing is

the instrument to provide catharsis or to emphasize certain feelings like anger,

excitement, frustration, etc. Here is the example of swearing to provide catharsis.

Case: 91

She studied me. She was wearing her thinking face. There is nothing more

terrifying than my sister‘s thinking face when it is trained directly on you.

―Oh, Shit.‖


46

―Don‘t …‖

―So this is interesting,‖ she said.

―I know.‖ I dropped my arms

―You want a job. So that… ― (p.314)

The previous statement happens between Treena (Lou‘s sister) and Louisa. Swear

word is uttered to show Treena‘s amazement toward Louisa for her passion to

take care of a quadriplegic man. In the monologue, Louisa wonders if her sister is

studying her for her choice to look after Will. In addition, Treena‘s statement so

this is interesting after she uttered the swear words is explicitly indicating her

amazement.

Unpredictable situation also can cause someone to utter swear words. The

words represent the speakers‘ surprise feeling through the situation. The

following example is the situation that causes Louisa to swear

The rip was growing. I could see it creeping inexorably up my thigh. At

this rate, by the time I stood up I would look like a Vegas showgirl. (p.25)

The situation tells that Louisa is in the middle of interview session with Mrs.

Traynor and suddenly her skirt is ripped. She is so surprised that she did not

expect it to happen. Therefore, as seen in case number 5, she says oh hell, I

thought by her heart. In addition, in the interview session, Louisa finds that Mrs.

Traynor very intimidating. Thus, she expresses her feeling by producing bad

words like hell.


47

Case: 10

Treena said nothing then, just looked at me for a while. She got up

and glanced out the door, as if checking whether there was anybody on the

landing.

―I‘m thinking of going back to college,‖ she said finally.

It took my brain a few seconds to register this change of track.

―Oh my God,‖ I said.‖But—― (p.46)

The sentences above tell the reader that Louisa does not expect Treena to

go back to college; meanwhile Louisa‘s family is in difficult situation where her

father is not able to support her family. She also thinks about Thomas, Treena‘s

son. She is surprised to hear that news and disagree with it. Therefore, the swear

word in this context is aimed to convey emotions spontaneously such as surprise

feeling.

Case: 14

―Who says it would be pity? You‘d be still the same person underneath.‖

―No, I wouldn‘t. I wouldn‘t be anything like the same person.‖ He

wrinkled his nose. ―I wouldn‘t want to live. Relying on other people for

every little thing. Having strangers wiping your arse—Jesus. Think of all

the things you couldn‘t do…‖ (p.60)

The conversation happens between Louisa and her boyfriend, Patrick.

Louisa is asking for Patrick‘s opinion about William‘s condition. He expresses his

disagreement toward Louisa‘s opinion. He also imagines what will happen if he is

in William‘s shoe. Swearing words functioned convey his feeling of agreement

and sadness.

Case: 16


48

―You thought you knew best. Everyone thinks they know what I

need. Let’s put the bloody photos together. Give the poor invalid

something to look at. I don‘t want to have those bloody pictures staring at

me every time I‘m stuck in my bed until someone comes and bloody well

gets me out again. Okay? Do you think you can get your head around

that?‖ (p.63)

In the previous paragraph it is clearly stated that William messes all the

photographs in his room. He is angry because Alicia and Rupert told him that they

are going to get married. Moreover, after the photographs, Louisa tried to fix them

up. Unfortunately William doesn‘t like the thing that Lou has done. He is really

mad and expresses it spontaneously by uttering swear word to Louisa.

Case: 36

―What about my hair?‖ he said

―You really want me to cut it?‖

―You might as well.‖

―I thought you didn‘t trust me.‖

He shrugged, as far as he could. It was the smallest movement of his

shoulders. ―if it will stop you moaning at me for a couple of weeks I figure

it‘s a small price to pay.‖

―Oh my God, your mum is going to be so delighted,‖ (p.112)

In the conversation and description above, it is explicitly stated that Louisa is very

happy since William allows her to cut his hair and shave his beard. Furthermore,

she is also very excited about knowing that Mrs.Traynor will be happy for what

he has done to Will‘s hair and beard.

However, there are several cases of swear word utterances which belong to

more than one reason. Multiple reasons of swear words utterances happened

because the story did not explicitly stated its purpose. For example in case 11, it


49

belongs to these two reasons: to get attention and to provide catharsis. Alicia

wants to get William‘s attention, however it is also uttered in order to emphasize

the word cold. There are three cases which have multiple reasons; they are case

number 11, 74, and case number 80.


50

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is the conclusion of

the study which has been discussed in the previous chapter. Moreover as the

closing remark of this study, the researcher provide suggestion and

recommendation in the second part.

A. Conclusions

Based on the discussion in chapter IV, there are two conclusions in this

research. The first conclusion deals with the result of swear words type in the

novel, while the second conclusion deals with the conclusion and result of the

reason behind swear word utterances.

In order to answer the first research question, it is concluded that body

function term is the most frequent swear words occurred in the novel. The

characters use body function term such as bloody, and arse the swear words are

uttered by all characters. The least uttered swearing type which is uttered are sex

term. Sex term is not the favorite term to swear in the novel Me Before You.

Furthermore, to answer the second research question, the researcher found

that the most frequent reason to swear is to provide catharsis. The characters

simply spontaneously utter or say the bad words. Mostly they swear because they

are surprised and they want to show/convey their emotion especially anger. It can


51

be concluded that the swear words in the novel are mainly functioned to convey

and release emotion. On the contrary the least reason behind swear words

utterances is to create interpersonal identification.

B. Recommendations

The researcher realizes that this research is not perfect yet. Therefore, the

researcher wants to give recommendation and suggestion for the researchers and

people who are interested in the same topic. This research deals with swearing

words in the novel.

1. For English Language Study Program students and teachers

Swearing and swear words cannot be separated from human‘s life,

especially in the globalization era. People are always exposed by swear word

utterances. This study is hopefully beneficial for students and language teacher to

get deeper understanding about swear words and enrich their knowledge

phenomena of swearing in daily life

2. For future researchers

For the future researchers, the subject of this study is a novel that means

one-way communication where the readers can only interpret the meaning

personally. Consequently, the researcher somehow finds the real purpose of swear

words utterances still vague.


52

The researcher suggests the next researchers who are interested in the

same topic to focus on the real situation in society by using a case study or

phenomenology. The future researchers also can do deeper analysis by conducting

research using interview method in order to dig out more elaboration.


53

REFERENCES

Abrams, M. H., (1999). A glossary of literary terms (7th

Ed.). Boston :Heinle &

Heinle Pub. Retrieved on April 14, 2017 from

http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref../abrams_mh.pdf

Allan, K., Burridgee, K., (2006). Forbidden words : Taboo and the censoring of

language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, L. G., & Trudgill, P., (1992). Bad Language. London: Penguin Books.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C. Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to

research in education (5th

Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Chaika, E. (1982). Language the Social Mirror. New York: Newbury House

Publishers.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. (6th

.

Ed). London: Routledge

Fromkin, V., Blair, D., Collins, P. (2000). An introduction to language. Australia :

Harcourt Australia Pty Limited.

Holmes, J. (2001). An introduction to sociolinguistic. New York: Routledge

Jay, T., Janschweitz, K. (2008). The Pragmatics of Swearing. Journal of

Politeness, 4, 267-288. Retrieved March 6, 2017, from

http://www.mcla.edu/Assets/MCLA-

Files/Academics/Undergraduate/Psychology/Pragmaticsofswearing.pdf

Hughes, G. (1991). Swearing : A social of Foul Language, oaths, and Profane in

English. New York : Blackwell.

Karjaleinen, M. (2002). Where have all the swear words gone? An analysis of the

loss of swear words in two Swedish translations of J. D. Salinger’s ‘Catcher

in the Rye’. Pro graduated thesis). University of Helsinki. Helsinki.

Retrieved March 15, 2017, from

http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/engla/pg/karjalainen/wherehav.pdf

Lindahl, K. (2008). The X-word and its usage : Taboo words and swear words in

general, and x-words in newspapers. Retrieved February 5, 2017, from

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:5732/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Ljung, M. (2011). Swearing; A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study. New York:

Palgrave Macmillan.

Moyes, J., (2016). Me before you. New York: Penguin Books, Ltd.


http://www.mcla.edu/Assets/MCLA-Files/Academics/Undergraduate/Psychology/Pragmaticsofswearing.pdf

http://www.mcla.edu/Assets/MCLA-Files/Academics/Undergraduate/Psychology/Pragmaticsofswearing.pdf

54

Rothwell, J. D., (1973). Verbal Obscenity: Time for second thoughts. Inliedlich

(ed). Coming to terms with language: An anthology. London: John Wiley &

Sons.

Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An introduction to sociolinguistics. (5th

ed.) Oxford:

Blackwell Publishing.

Wardhaugh, R. (1986). An introduction to linguistics. (1st ed.) Victoria: Blackwell

Publishing


55

APPENDICES


56

APPENDIX A

The Types of Swear Words Utterances in Me Before You

novel


57

Table of Swear Words Type

No Page Description SW

Type Explanation

E D B

F

R A

T

S I

1 3 Mick shakes his head ―no sir, not

unless you‘ve got an inflatable

attachment. Or a death wish‖

death √

2 8 Lou :‖will you have a go at finding

this bloody arm for me? He‘s had

me looking for half an hour and

I‘ve got to get ready for work‖

Bloody arm √

3 12 Bernard :‖What the hell is she

supposed to do now? He could have

given her more than a day‘s bloody

notice

Bernard :‖There are no bloody jobs,

Josie. You know that as well as I

do. We‘re in the middle of a bloody

recessions‖

Bernard :‖Oh, fecking marvelous…

‗Louisa Clark is very good at

buttering toast, and a dab hand with

the old teapot‖

Hell

Bloody jobs

Bloody

recessions

Fecking

√

√

√

√


58


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

5 25 Monologue : Oh hell, I thought. Hell √

6 30 Thomas : ―Bugger,‖ Bugger √

7 32 Bernard : ―I bet you, once you slide

those feet of yours under the table

at the big house those buggers

won‘t want to let you go.‖

Thomas : ―Bugger,‖

Bugger √

8 36 Monologue : Oh God, I thought. God √

9 43 Treen : ―Just talk to him, for crying

out loud. Of course he‘s miserable.

He‘s stuck in a bloody wheelchair.

And you‘re….‖

Bloody

wheel-chair

√

10 46 Lou : ―Oh my God,‖ I said. ―But-― God √

11 54 Alicia : ―Gosh, it‘s cold outside‖ Gosh √

12 55 Rupert : ―Bloody man seems to

work twenty-four hours a day and

expects everyone else to do the

same.‖

Will : ―Oh God, yes. Presenteeism

writ large. Sometimes I feel like I

daren‘t leave my chair‖

Bloody man

God

√

√

13 58 Lou‘s monologue : Oh God, please

don‘t let him have hurt himself

God √


59


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

15 61 Lou ‗s monologue : I had a framed

photograph at home where I was

beaming at Patrick like he had just

called him an ―utter dick‖ and he

had responded with a hearty ―Oh,

piss off!‖.

Utter dick

Piss off

√

√

16 63 Will : ―You thought you knew best.

Everyone thinks the know what I

need. Let’s put the bloody photos

together. Give the poor invalid

something to look at. I don‘t want

to have those bloody pictures

staring at me every time I‘m stuck

in my bed until someone comes and

bloody well gets me out again.

Okay? Do you think you can get

your head around that?

Bloody well √


60


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

18 65 Lou‘s monologue‘s : Oh hell, I

thought, as the reality of what I had

just done began to sink in

Hell √

19 67 Lou‘s monologue : But to Mrs.

Traynor – oh Lord—to Mrs.

Traynor I was apparently the

stupidest and most irresponsible

person on the planet

Lord

Stupidest

√

√

20 68 Lou‘s monologue : She made me

feel like a first-class idiot, and

consequently I became a first-class

idiot around her.

Idiot √

21 69 Will : ―Why the hell are you trying

to sneak the carrots onto my fork?‖

Lou‘s monologue : It was pretty

stupid when he put it like that. But I

had learned it was important not to

look cowed by anything Will said

or did.

Hell

Stupid

Cowed

√

√

√


61


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

23 71 Lou‘s monologue : I thought of

Will telling me if I didn‘t stop

bloody whistling he‘d be forced to

run me over.

Nathan : ―You just make sure

you‘re the butt of more of his jokes,

okay?‖

Bloody-

Butt

√

√

24 72 Will : ―Everything after local

bloody Hero has been a foreign

film. D‘you think Hollywood is a

suburb of Birmingham?‖

Will : ―There. You sit there. Don‘t

move until it‘s over. Never watched

a foreign film. For Christ‘s sake,‖

Bloody-

For Christ‘s

sake

√

√

25 73 Will : ―Oh, for Christ‘s sake. It‘s

hardly a state secret, your social

life, is it?‖

For Christ‘s

sake

√

26 77 Lou‘s monologue : It may sound

studpid, but I couldn‘t help but

laugh.

Stupid √


62


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

28 84 Will : ―Jesus,‖

Will : ―Your hands are bloody

freezing.‖

Jesus

Bloody

√

√

29 87 Nathan : ―Jesus. All morning?

Didn‘t you know he can‘t regulate

his own temperature?‖

Nathan : ―It‘s in the bloody folder.

Look Will doesn‘t sweat like we

do. In fact he doesn‘t sweat at all

from the point of his injury

downward. It means if he gets a

slight chill his temperature gauge

goes haywire. Go find the fan.

We‘ll move that in there until he

cools down. And a damp towel, to

put around the back of his neck. We

won‘t be able to get him to a doctor

until the snow stops. Bloody

agency nurse. They should have

picked this up in the morning.‖

Jesus

Bloody

√

√

30 94 Will : ―Jesus Christ.‖

Jesus Christ √


63


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

32 105 Lou : ―And she will be a little bit

cross with him all the time without

really knowing why and bitch about

him at really awful dinner parties to

the embarrassment of their friends,

and he won‘t want to leave because

he‘ll be scared of all the alimony.‖

Bitch √

33 106 Lou :‖—weekend or where they

went on a jolly and feel like

somehow—and he will never be

quite sure how—he got suckered.‖

Suckered √

34 108 Will : ―You know, you don‘t dress

like someone from around here. I

quite look forward to seeing what

insane combination you‘re going to

turn up in next.‖

Will : ―There‘s nothing wrong with

it per se. But… Christ. It‘s not

exactly dynamic, is it?—―

Insane

Christ

√

√


64


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

36 112 Lou : ―Oh my God, your mum is

going to be so delighted.‖

Lou‘s monologue : -- even though

all my attention was actually

focused on not mucking up his hair.

Finally, I had the worst of it off,

and whipped around in front of him

to see how he looked.

Oh my God

Mucking up

√

√

37 116 Georgina : ―I can‘t believe you‘re

even agreeing to it. What about

your religion? What about

everything you‘ve done? What was

the point in you even bloody saving

him the last time?‖

Bloody- √

38 120 Camila‘s monologue : After Will‘s

accident I didn‘t garden for a year.

It wasn‘t just the time, although the

endless hours spent at the hospital,

the time spent to-ing and fro-ing in

the car, the meetings—Oh God, the

meetings—took up so much of it. I

took six months‘ compassionate

leave—

God √


65


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

40 131 Neighbour : ―You must have

thought I was bloody stupid. She

was wearing your T-shirt! The one

I had made for your birthday!‖

Neighbour : ―I went in for your

bloody Scotch eggs! And I don‘t

even like Scotch eggs‖

Bloody

stupid

Bloody

Scotch eggs

√

√

41 132 ―You crazy bitch‖ crazy bitch √ √

43 138 Lou : ―We‘ve all got to stick at jobs

we hate just so little Katrina can

fulfill her bloody ambitions.‖

Lou : ―Don‘t you dare bloody

lecture me about the money, you

know.‖

Lou : ―Just piss off, Treen, okay?

Just piss off and leave me alone.‖

Bloody

ambitions

Bloody

lecture

Piss off

√

√

√


66


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

45 140 Treena : ―Fuck. I can‘t even get my

head around it.‖

Treena : ―Shut up. Not for you idiot

girl. They‘ll have their own money.

And he‘s probably got a shedload

of insurance of the accident. Well,

you tell them that you want a

budget--

Fuck

Idiot girl

√

√

47 147 Treena : ―That‘s not the point.

Bloody hell, it‘s cold up here.‖

Bloody hell √ √

48 148 Treena : ―What, because you want

to take him on a few crummy days

out? Jesus. They should be grateful

someone‘s making the effort. It‘s

not like they are.‖

Jesus √

49 149 Treena : ―Well, I don‘t see you

coming up with anything more

bloody inspirational.‖

Bloody

inspirational

√

50 150 Lou‘s monologue : Well she could

go without my bloody lemon

washbag

Bloody

lemon

√


67


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

52 165 Lou : ―Thanks for being so fucking

accommodating

Lou : ― Why, does that need a

bloody badge too?‖

Fucking

Bloody

badge

√

√

53 177 Will : ― Jesus, you‘re a pain in the

arse.‖

Jesus

Arse

√

√

54 180 Lou : ―Only you, Will Traynor,

could tell a woman how to wear a

bloody dress.‖

Bloody

dress

√

55 189 Lou : ―I‘m going to thank him,

anyway. I won‘t mention your

name, if you really want to be an

arse about it.‖

Arse √

56 190 Will‘s letter : Dear Clark, This is to

show you that I am not entirely

selfish arse. And I do appreciate

your efforts. Thank you. Will

Selfish arse √

57 192 Lou : ―Really? Oh God, if I tell her

she‘ll start polishing and dusting

this evening.‖

Oh God √


68


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

59 202 Lou : ―Oh my God! Where did you

get these?‖

Bernard : ―Jesus Christ, she‘ll look

like Max Wall in a beehive

Oh my God!

Jesus Christ

√

60 205 Patrick : ―How could I be jealous of

a cripple?

Cripple √

61 210 Lou : ―What the hell is a

couscoussier anyway?‖

What the

hell

√

62 211 Lou : ―What if the genetically

superior male is actually a bit of

dickhead?‖

Dickhead √

63 212 Treena : ―It‘s best. I can‘t tell you,

Lou, the joy of using my brain

again. I feel like there‘s been this

big chunk of me missing for ages…

and it‘s like I‘ve found it again.

Does that sound wanky?‖

Wanky √

64 215 Will : ―Okay. Jesus, that‘s hot. Give

me a minute.‖

Jesus √


69


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

66 217 Will : ―—not looking away

hurriedly when they realize I‘m a

man in an overgrown bloody

pram.‖

Bloody

pram

√

67 218 Will : ―The day we go and I‘m in

this bloody contraption, all those

memories, those sensations, will be

wiped out, erased by the struggle to

get behind the table, up and down

Parisian curbs, the taxi drivers who

refuse to take us, and the

wheelchair bloody power pack that

wouldn‘t charge in a French socket.

Okay?‖

Bloody

contraption

√

68 226 Lou : ―God, Will. I wish you‘d stop

telling me what to do. What if I like

watching television? What if I don‘t

want to do much else other than

read a book?

God √

69 228 Will : ―That‘s why you piss me off,

Clark. Because I see all this talent,

all this…‖

Piss off √


70


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

71 239 Lou : ―You‘re bad bloody influence

on me, Will Traynor,‖

Will : ―Oh, for Christ‘s sake, don‘t

get maudlin, Clark. It was meant to

be funny.‖

Bloody

influence

For Christ‘s

sake

√

√

72 244 Will : ―And you look bloody

awful.‖

Bloody

awful

√

√

73 250 Bernard : ―Well, it‘s really Will you

should thank. What a smashing

bloke. I‘m just bloody grateful that

he thought of me.‖

Bloody

grateful

√

74 258 Bernard : ―For goodness‘ sake,

love. It‘s time she moved on. She‘s

twenty-seven years old,‖

For

goodness‘

sake

√

75 264 Lou : ―I‘ve cleaned up after him.

I‘ve changed his bloody catheter.

I‘ve made him laugh. I‘ve done

more than your bloody family has

done.‖

Bloody

catheter

Bloody

family

√

√


71


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

77 273 Lou : ―I haven‘t talked to anyone

about… it‘s… it‘s stupid. And a

long time ago. I didn‘t think… I

would…‖

Stupid √

78 274 Will : ―—nobody wants you to talk

about being afraid, or in pain, or

being scared of dying through some

stupid, random infection.—―

Stupid √

79 275 Will : ―are the only person I have

felt able to talk since I ended up in

this bloody thing.‖

Bloody

thing

√

80 280 Lou : ―It‘s the first time I‘ve gotten

him a proper distance from home

and it‘s going to be a bloody

disaster.‖

Bloody

disaster

√

81 285 Will‘s friend : So bloody good to

see you out again, Will.‖

Bloody

good

√

82 286 A stranger : ―Bloody nice wedding,

wasn‘t it? Thought the bride looked

splendid.‖

Bloody nice

wedding

√


72


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

84 294 Lou : ―Come on. Let‘s give these

fuckers something to talk about.‖

Mary : ―Fucking marvelous.‖

Fuckers

Fucking

√

√

85 295 Will : ―Yes. But in my defense,

Clark, I was an arse.‖

Arse √

86 296 Will : ―Arses?‖

Lou : ―Arses. Say yes, Will. Go

on.‖

Arses √

87 299 Nathan‘s monologue : AD scared

the hell out of me because you

never knew which way it was going

to go.

Hell √

88 301 Nathan‘s monologue : (―Don‘t

laugh,‖ she said. ―At those prices,

Will paid for a bloody shampoo

factory.‖)

Bloody

shapoo

√


73


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

90 312 Treena : ―Yu okay? You look like

shit.‖

Shit √

91 314 Treena : ―Oh, shit.‖ Shit √

92 315 Treena : ―Fuck,‖

Treena : ―You fucking mad

woman,‖

Lou : ― I‘m not going to do

anything stupid.‖

Fuck

Fucking

Stupid

√

93 316 Treena : ―And you might go off

Will again. I mean, I remember

when you thought he was an arse.‖

Arse √

94 317 Patrick : ―I was an idiot. You‘re

right. This job of yours is only for

six months, and I‘ve been behaving

like a child. I should be proud that

you‘re doing something so

worthwhile, and taking it all

seriously. I was just a bit… thrown.

So I‘m sorry. Really.‖

Idiot √

95 319 Patrick : ―This isn‘t work trip. This

is a bloody honeymoon.‖

Bloody

honeymoon

√


74


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

97 328 Lou : ―Shit,‖

Lou : ―Shit, shit, shit. Can I go in?‖

Shit √

98 338 Nathan : ―—I‘ve sat there with him

and there is nothing I can say to the

guy, nothing that is going to make

it any better. He‘s been dealt the

shittiest hand of cards you can

imagine.‖

Shittiest

hand of

cards

√

99 339 Nathan : ―But I want him to live if

he wants to live. If he doesn‘t, then

by forcing him to carry on, you,

me—no matter how much we love

him—we become just another

shitty bunch of people taking away

his choices.‖

Shitty √

100 345 Treena‘s text : You can do this. Am

bloody proud of you.

Bloody

proud

√

101 351 Nathan : ―Piss off, you two.‖ Piss off √

102 357 Lou‘s monologue : And then, as

someone turned the music up by the

bar, I kicked off my shoes and I

began to dance. It sounds stupid—

the kind of behavior that on another

day you might be embarrassed by.

Stupid √


75


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

104 363 Lou : ―You‘re so selfish, Will. So

stupid. Even if there was the

remotest possibility of me coming

with you—―

Stupid √

105 364 Lou : ―Fuck you, Will Traynor.

Fuck you. I wish I‘d never taken

this stupid job. I wish I‘d never met

you.‖

Fuck you

Stupid

√

√

106 374 Treena : ―Shit. Oh, Lou. I‘m really

sorry.‖

Shit √

107 375 Treena : ―I‘m not sure there‘s

anything you can do. God. All that

stuff you fixed up for him. All that

effort…‖

God √


76


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

109 380 Bernard : ―Oh Jesus Christ, the

poor fella. And poor you. Oh

Jesus.‖

Bernard : ―What a bloody mess.‖

Josie : ―Well, not bloody taking

him to this clinic would be a start.‖

Jesus Christ

Jesus

Bloody

mess

Bloody

taking him

√

√

√

√

110 381 Josie : ―—And to think they got

Louisa involved in all this. She‘s a

magistrate, for goodness‘ sake.

You‘d think a magistrate would

know what was right or wrong.—―

Treena : ―Oh shit,‖

For

goodness‘

sake

Shit

√

√

111 384 Treena‘s monologue : I began to

push her up the stairs. God, she was

impossibly slow. It was like she

was half asleep.

Treena : ―No, it just means some

arse is trying to cash in.‖

God

Arse

√

√


77


Type

Explanation E D B

F

R A

T

S I

113 386 Treena‘s monologue : Twenty-six.

Twenty-six of the buggers. And all

sounding so nice, so understanding.

Some of them even offered her

money.

Treena :‖Oh, for Christ‘s sake, Lou.

For once in your life, just get a grip.

You won‘t know anything unless

you call. You don‘t have a bloody

choice.‖

Buggers

For Christ‘s

sake

Bloody

choice

√

√

√

114 391 Treena : ―Shit. I‘ve never seen

Mum like that,‖

Shit √

115 392 Treena : ―Now fuck off, if you miss

the bloody plane on top of me

getting six points on my license,

I‘m never talking to you again.‖

Fuck off

Bloody

√

√

116 407 Will‘s letter : Clark, I can

practically hear you starting to

hyperventilate from here. Don‘t

start panicking, or trying to give it

away—it‘s not enough for you to

sit on your arse for the rest of your

life.

Arse √


78

117 408 Will‘s letter : I‘m not giving the

money to you because I want you to

feel wistful, or indebted to me, or to

feel that it‘s some kind of bloody

memorial.

Bloody

memorial

√


75

APPENDIX B

The Reasons of Swear Words Utterances in Me Before You

novel


76

No Page Description

SW Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

1 3 Mick shakes his head ―no sir, not unless

you‘ve got an inflatable attachment. Or a death

wish‖

death √ The situation is raining

outside, Mike warns

Will by inviting his

reaction, so he will not

ride the motorbike

2 8 Lou :‖will you have a go at finding this bloody

arm for me? He‘s had me looking for half an

hour and I‘ve got to get ready for work‖

Bloody arm √ In the previous

monologue, it is stated

that the others are very

busy, while Louisa is

trying to get attention.

3 12 Bernard :‖What the hell is she supposed to do

now? He could have given her more than a

day‘s bloody notice

Bernard :‖There are no bloody jobs, Josie. You

know that as well as I do. We‘re in the middle

of a bloody recessions‖

Bernard :‖Oh, fecking marvelous… ‗Louisa

Clark is very good at buttering toast, and a dab

hand with the old teapot‖

Hell

Bloody jobs

Bloody

recessions

Fecking

√

√

√

√

All swear words

utterances in page 12

are in the same context.

Louisa‘s father is angry

because Louisa isjust

fired from her previous

job. Therefore, all

swear words utterances

are aimed to discredit

especially Louisa‘s

ability


77

No Page Description SW Reason Explanation

C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

4 19 Bernard :‖Jesus Christ,‖ said my (Louisa‘s)

father. ―Can you imagine? If it wasn‘t

punishment enough ending up in a ruddy

wheel-chair, then you get our Lou turning up

to keep you company‖

Jesus Christ √ This swearing belongs

to provocation because

in next dialogue her

father triggers Josie‘s

anger

5 25 Monologue : Oh hell, I thought. Hell √ Swear word is uttered

by Louisa. She swears

because her skirt is

ripped, therefore, she

spontaneously swears.

6 30 Thomas : ―Bugger,‖

Bugger √ Thomas is a very

young boy who seeks

for attention from the

adults. So the

motivation for swear

word utterances is to

get attention from the

adults


78


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

7 32 Bernard : ―I bet you, once you slide those feet

of yours under the table at the big house those

buggers won‘t want to let you go.‖

Thomas : ―Bugger,‖

Bugger √ Thomas is a very

young boy who seeks

for attention from the

adults. So the

motivation for swear

word utterances is to

get attention from the

adults

8 36 Monologue : Oh God, I thought. God √ The following

statement is ―I‘m not

up to this‖ it shows her

disappointment of the

situation, because she

expected better

condition.


79


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

9 43 Treen : ―Just talk to him, for crying out loud.

Of course he‘s miserable. He‘s stuck in a

bloody wheelchair. And you‘re….‖

Bloody

wheel-chair

√ Treena‘s statement ―of

course he‘s miserable.

He stuck in a bloody

wheelchair‖ shows that

she thinks about

unpleasant thing called

―wheelchair‖ she

discredits person who

sits on it will not be

able to do anything.

10 46 Lou : ―Oh my God,‖ I said. ―But-― God √ Previously, Treena said

to Lou that she wants to

go to the college again.

Louisa is surprised and

cannot believe that her

sister wants to go to

college in the middle of

difficult situation..


80


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

11 54 Alicia : ―Gosh, it‘s cold outside‖ Gosh √ √ The situation between

William, Louisa, and

Alicia is quite

awkward. He asks

Louisa to get the logs

and make fire.

However, Alicia tried

to get Will‘s attention

and start conversation

with William. However

the swear word can be

functioned to

strengthen the word

―cold‖

12 55 Rupert : ―Bloody man seems to work twenty-

four hours a day and expects everyone else to

do the same.‖

Will : ―Oh God, yes. Presenteeism writ large.

Sometimes I feel like I daren‘t leave my chair‖

Bloody man

God

√

√

In the whole context,

Rupert tells William

about the success of

their company during

William‘s absence. he

invites Will‘s reaction

by his success.


81


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

13 58 Lou‘s monologue : Oh God, please don‘t let

him have hurt himself

God √ The following

statement which ―I

panicked‖ explicitly

show that the swear

word is uttered

spontaneously

14 60 Patrick : ―I wouldn‘t want to live. Relying on

other people for every little thing. Having

strangers wipe your arse—Jesus. Think of all

the things you couldn‘t do…‖

Arse

Jesus

√

√

Arse and Jesus are

uttered to show

Patrick‘s disbelief of

William‘s condition.

He couldn‘t imagine if

he is in William‘s shoe

15 61 Lou ‗s monologue : I had a framed photograph

at home where I was beaming at Patrick like he

had just called him an ―utter dick‖ and he had

responded with a hearty ―Oh, piss off!‖.

Utter dick

Piss off

√

√

It happens in Louisa‘s

monologue (thought)

when she remembers

how she mocked

Patrick in order to

invite his reaction.

Meanwhile the second

swear word is the

response or

spontaneous reaction to

Louisa‘s mocking.

16 63 Will : ―You thought you knew best. Everyone Bloody well √ The swear word is


82

thinks they know what I need. Let’s put the

bloody photos together. Give the poor invalid

something to look at. I don‘t want to have

those bloody pictures staring at me every time

I‘m stuck in my bed until someone comes and

bloody well gets me out again. Okay? Do you

think you can get your head around that?

uttered by William who

just welcome Alicia

and Rupert. He is really

angry because they tell

Will that they are going

to get married. He also

breaks Alicia‘s and his

photograph, while

Louisa tried to fix all of

them. Will is not happy

and spontaneously

swear to Louisa.


83


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

17 64 Will : ―Oh Christ…‖

Will : ―Spare me the psychological therapy.

Just go and read your bloody gossip magazines

or whatever it is you do when you‘re not

making tea.‖

Lou : ―You don‘t have to behave like an arse.‖

Lou : ―Your friends got the shitty treatment.

Fine. They probably deserved it. But I‘m just

here……‖

Lou : ―I‘m not employed by you. I‘m

employed by your mother. And unless she tells

me she doesn‘t want me here anymore, I‘m

staying. Not because I particularly care about

you, or like this stupid job, or want to change

your life……‖

\

Christ

Bloody-

Arse

Shitty

Stupid

√

√

√

√

√

The swear words

uttered by William are

aimed to make Louisa

angry and quit her job

however, Louisa

utterances are aimed to

show her anger or

disappointment

(provide catharsis)

because William treats

her unpleasantly.


84


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

18 65 Lou‘s monologue‘s : Oh hell, I thought, as the

reality of what I had just done began to sink in

Hell √ The previous paragraph

show that Louisa is

surprised with Will‘s

reaction, therefore, the

swearing comes into

her head to provide

catharsis, or

spontaneously

appeared.

19 67 Lou‘s monologue : But to Mrs. Traynor – oh

Lord—to Mrs. Traynor I was apparently the

stupidest and most irresponsible person on the

planet

Lord

Stupidest

√

√

Louisa is thinking

about how Mrs.

Traynor treats her. The

word ―Lord‖ is aimed

to show her

spontaneous expression

of her disbelief. The

second swear word is

aimed to discredit

herself because she

thinks how Mrs.

Traynor‘s thought of

her.


85


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

20 68 Lou‘s monologue : She made me feel like a

first-class idiot, and consequently I became a

first-class idiot around her.

Idiot √ Similar with case

number 20, the swear

words are uttered to

discredit Louisa

because of her thought

of Mr. Traynor‘s

opinion.

21 69 Will : ―Why the hell are you trying to sneak

the carrots onto my fork?‖

Lou‘s monologue : It was pretty stupid when

he put it like that. But I had learned it was

important not to look cowed by anything Will

said or did.

Hell

Stupid

√

√

√

The first word is aimed

to get Louisa‘s

attention because it is

mentioned that Lou is

busy watching the

television. On the other

hand, it could be the

expression of Will‘s

anger, because he does

not like that Lou puts

vegetable into his food.


86


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

22 70 Will : ―For Christ‘s sake!‖

Will : ―What the hell else have you been

sneaking into my food? You‘ll be telling me to

open the tunnel so that Mr. Train can deliver

some mushy Brussels sprouts to the red bloody

station next.‖

Lou : ―All right, all right. I‘ll take the bloody

carrots off, if they really upset you so much.‖

Will : ―It‘s not the bloody carrots that upset

me. It‘s having them sneaked into my food by

a madwoman who addresses…..‖

Will : ―And don‘t try and sneak a bloody

zucchini into it.‖

For Christ‘s

sake

What the hell

Bloody-

√

√

√

William Traynor

express his disbelief

toward what Louisa has

done to his food.

Meanwhile Louisa also

expresses annoyed

feeling because

William always put her

in the trouble


87


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

23 71 Lou‘s monologue : I thought of Will telling me

if I didn‘t stop bloody whistling he‘d be forced

to run me over.

Nathan : ―You just make sure you‘re the butt

of more of his jokes, okay?‖

Bloody-

Butt

√

√ From the context of the

sentence, it is explicitly

stated that Will is

annoyed with Lou‘d

whistling. He find it

very uncomfortable for

him so he emphasize

the word whistling by

adding a swear word

before it. Meanwhile,

Nathan found that only

Louisa who can make

Will laughs again, the

phrase ―the butt of

more his jokes‖ is

functioned as

interpersonal

identification creator


88


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

24 72 Will : ―Everything after local bloody Hero has

been a foreign film. D‘you think Hollywood is

a suburb of Birmingham?‖

Will : ―There. You sit there. Don‘t move until

it‘s over. Never watched a foreign film. For

Christ‘s sake,‖

Bloody-

For Christ‘s

sake

√

√

The situation is Louisa

never watched a film

with subtitle. He wants

to show disappointment

to Louisa who doesn‘t

want to watch the

movie at the beginning.

25 73 Will : ―Oh, for Christ‘s sake. It‘s hardly a state

secret, your social life, is it?‖

For Christ‘s

sake

√ It is told in the previous

paragraph, that Will

wants to know about

Louisa better, but Lou

think that is strange and

said it directly to him.

Then after that, Will

show his spontaneous

reaction by swearing.

26 77 Lou‘s monologue : It may sound stupid, but I

couldn‘t help but laugh.

Stupid √ Louisa is surprised by

William‘s joke ―come

on what‘s the worst

that could happen- I

end up in a

wheelchair?‖


89


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

27 82 Stephan : ―Morning off. Of course it would be

today. Bloody agency nurse came and went in

six seconds flat. If this….‖

Bloody- √ William is sick again,

while Nathan is off to

take care of Will.

Stephen, is panic and

start to murmur

28 84 Will : ―Jesus,‖

Will : ―Your hands are bloody freezing.‖

Jesus

Bloody

√

√

William is surprised

that Louisa‘s hand feels

so cold, his swearing is

spontaneous reaction.

29 87 Nathan : ―Jesus. All morning? Didn‘t you

know he can‘t regulate his own temperature?‖

Nathan : ―It‘s in the bloody folder. Look Will

doesn‘t sweat like we do. In fact he doesn‘t

sweat at all from the point of his injury

downward. It means if he gets a slight chill his

temperature gauge goes haywire. Go find the

fan. We‘ll move that in there until he cools

down. And a damp towel, to put around the

back of his neck. We won‘t be able to get him

to a doctor until the snow stops. Bloody

agency nurse. They should have picked this up

in the morning.‖

Jesus

Bloody

√

√

Nathan says bad words

because he is panic

since Will‘s condition

is getting worse but no

one knows how to

handle.


90

No Page Description

SW Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

30 94 Will : ―Jesus Christ.‖ Jesus Christ √ Louisa sings a funny

song, and according to

Will, she sings badly,

while mocking. He

wants to express

disappointment toward

Lou‘s voice

31 95 Will : ―You are insane. Your whole family is

insane.‖

Will : ―Bullshit.‖

Insane

Bullshit

√

√

William is still shocked

to hear the story about

Louisa‘s family. The

swear words are the

expression of his

excitement to the story.

32 105 Lou : ―And she will be a little bit cross with

him all the time without really knowing why

and bitch about him at really awful dinner

parties to the embarrassment of their friends,

and he won‘t want to leave because he‘ll be

scared of all the alimony.‖

Bitch √ Louisa uttered a swear

word in order to

express her dislike to

Alicia‘s attitude who

has betray William.


91

No Page Description

SW Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

33 106 Lou :‖—weekend or where they went on a

jolly and feel like somehow—and he will

never be quite sure how—he got suckered.‖

Suckered √ This swearing is still

related to the previous

swearing. She give

spontaneous response

when she tells about

Alicia.

34 108 Will : ―You know, you don‘t dress like

someone from around here. I quite look

forward to seeing what insane combination

you‘re going to turn up in next.‖

Will : ―There‘s nothing wrong with it per se.

But… Christ. It‘s not exactly dynamic, is it?—

―

Insane

Christ

√

√

The aim for William to

utter swear word is

mainly to mock

Louisa‘s dressing. He

wants to invite Louisa

reaction by saying the

word. Meanwhile, the

second swearing is the

response to Louisa‘s

opinion about her

dress.


92


Reason

Explanation C

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C

35 109 Will : ―Jesus, for a girl who made tea for a

living you make a terrible cup.‖

Will : ―Well, it‘s better than this stair varnish.

Christ. You could stand a spoon up in that.‖

Lou : ―Well, you do look bloody awful. You

could shave, at least. Isn‘t all that facial hair

starting to get itchy?‖

Jesus

Christ

Bloody awful

√

√

√

It is explicitly stated

that Will discredits

Louisa for making him

a cup of tea. While the

next swearing is to get

Will‘s attention and

change the topic which

is being discussed.

36 112 Lou : ―Oh my God, your mum is going to be

so delighted.‖

Lou‘s monologue : -- even though all my

attention was actually focused on not mucking

up his hair. Finally, I had the worst of it off,

and whipped around in front of him to see how

he looked.

Oh my God

Mucking up

√

√ Louisa is expresses her

happiness because

William wants to shave

his beard. She also

discredits long hair.

37 116 Georgina : ―I can‘t believe you‘re even

agreeing to it. What about your religion? What

about everything you‘ve done? What was the

point in you even bloody saving him the last

time?‖

Bloody- √ Georgina is expressing

her anger because her

mother allows William

to go to ―Dignitas‖


93


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

38 120 Camila‘s monologue : After Will‘s accident I

didn‘t garden for a year. It wasn‘t just the time,

although the endless hours spent at the

hospital, the time spent to-ing and fro-ing in

the car, the meetings—Oh God, the

meetings—took up so much of it. I took six

months‘ compassionate leave--

God √ The swear word is

aimed to express her

exhaust

39 129 Will : ―You look tired. I wasn‘t going to say

anything when you came in, but –hell—you

look terrible.‖

Hell √ It is explicitly stated

that William is

surprised with Louisa‘s

condition.

40 131 Neighbour : ―You must have thought I was

bloody stupid. She was wearing your T-shirt!

The one I had made for your birthday!‖

Neighbour : ―I went in for your bloody Scotch

eggs! And I don‘t even like Scotch eggs‖

Bloody

stupid

Bloody

Scotch eggs

√

√

On the other hand,

Lou‘s neighbor is

showing his anger.

41 132 ―You crazy bitch‖ crazy bitch √ In the previous

paragraphs it is told

that the neighbors are

in the middle of

arguments, they are

expressing anger one

another.


94


Reason

Explanation C

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C

42 137 Treena : I don‘t believe you. Mum‘s in bits

downstairs. Dad‘s pretending not to be, but he

is too. What are they supposed to do about

money? You know Dad‘s already panicking

about work. Why the hell would you throw

away a perfectly job?‖

Lou : ―You don‘t care what I do, as long as

you can still go and resurrect your high-flying

career. You just need me there propping up the

family funds and providing the bloody

childcare. Sod everyone else.‖

Bloody

believe

Hell

Bloody

childcare

√

√

√

―I don‘t bloody believe

you‖ is the expression

of the not satisfy

feeling. She does not

satisfy with Louisa‘s

reaction toward the

topic. Meanwhile the

second swearing comes

because Louisa is a

little bit angry to

Katrina since see is

very selfish and does

not think about the

others

43 138 Lou : ―We‘ve all got to stick at jobs we hate

just so little Katrina can fulfill her bloody

ambitions.‖

Lou : ―Don‘t you dare bloody lecture me about

the money, you know.‖

Lou : ―Just piss off, Treen, okay? Just piss off

and leave me alone.‖

Bloody

ambitions

Bloody

lecture

Piss off

√

√

√

Louisa is very angry to

Katrina, so she

expresses her anger by

uttering swear words

several times.


95


Reason

Explanation C

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44 139 Lou : ―Piss off, Katrina.‖

Treena : ―Look, let me in, for God‘s sake, or

Mum will hear me. I‘ve got two Bob the

Builder mugs stuck up my sweater, and you

know how she gets about us drinking upstairs.‖

Piss off

For God‘s

sake

√

√ Louisa is still

expressing her anger to

Treena, while after

being shut out, Treena

swears in order to

invite Louisa‘s reaction

to open the door

45 140 Treena : ―Fuck. I can‘t even get my head

around it.‖

Treena : ―Shut up. Not for you idiot girl.

They‘ll have their own money. And he‘s

probably got a shedload of insurance of the

accident. Well, you tell them that you want a

budget--

Fuck

Idiot girl

√

√ Treena is disappointed

with William‘s choice,

she expresses her

thought spontaneously,

while the word‖ idiot

girl refers to Louisa

according to Treena

46 141 Treena : ―I‘m a fucking genius.‖ Fucking √ It is stated that Treena

is clearly identifying

herself as genius

47 147 Treena : ―That‘s not the point. Bloody hell, it‘s

cold up here.‖

Bloody hell √ Katrina is swearing to

express her feeling. She

feels annoyed when

Louisa does not

understand what she

actually means


96


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

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C

48 148 Treena : ―What, because you want to take him

on a few crummy days out? Jesus. They should

be grateful someone‘s making the effort. It‘s

not like they are.‖

Jesus √ The swear word is an

expression of Treena to

show that she is

uncomfortable if Will‘s

family does not

appreciate their effort.

49 149 Treena : ―Well, I don‘t see you coming up with

anything more bloody inspirational.‖

Bloody

inspirational

√ The bad word is aimed

to provoke Louisa to

persuade William not

to stick to his plan.

50 150 Lou‘s monologue : Well she could go without

my bloody lemon washbag

Bloody

lemon

√ The swear word is

uttered in order to

express her annoyed

feeling toward

Katrina‘s selfishness


97


Reason

Explanation C

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C

51 152 Treena : ―Yes, well, if you weren‘t so thick

that you can‘t even get a proper job, you could

have gotten your own bloody place. You‘re old

enough. Or what‘s the matter? You‘ve finally

figured out that Patrick is never going to ask

you?‖

Treena : ―If you think I‘m helping you with

your stupid list, you‘ve got another thing

coming,‖

Bloody place

Stupid

√

√

Louisa and Katrina are

arguing each other. The

swear words are uttered

to express anger.

52 165 Lou : ―Thanks for being so fucking

accommodating

Lou : ― Why, does that need a bloody badge

too?‖

Fucking

Bloody

badge

√

√

Louisa feels hurt

because the waitress

does not allow Lou,

Will, and Nathan to

enter the restaurant.

She swears to show her

disappointment.

53 177 Will : ― Jesus, you‘re a pain in the arse.‖ Jesus

Arse

√

√

William shows his

surprised because

Louisa teases him.

54 180 Lou : ―Only you, Will Traynor, could tell a

woman how to wear a bloody dress.‖

Bloody dress √ The word ―bloody‖ is

Louisa‘s spontaneous

reaction to Will‘s

compliment.


98


Reason

Explanation C

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55 189 Lou : ―I‘m going to thank him, anyway. I

won‘t mention your name, if you really want to

be an arse about it.‖

Arse √ The swear word is

aimed to discredit

because she wants

express her

disappointment. She

expects Will to send

thanksgiving card for

the free tickets.

56 190 Will‘s letter : Dear Clark, This is to show you

that I am not entirely selfish arse. And I do

appreciate your efforts. Thank you. Will

Selfish arse √ In order to release his

burden he wrote his

letter containing a

swear word.

57 192 Lou : ―Really? Oh God, if I tell her she‘ll start

polishing and dusting this evening.‖

Oh God √ Louisa expresses her

happiness because

William is willing to

come for dinner with

her family.


99


Reason

Explanation C

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58 200 Lou‘s monologue : No wonder Patrick was

pissed off

Lou‘s monologue : More recently, there was a

picture of me and Patrick, the one when I was

actually telling him to piss off.

Pissed off

Piss off

√

√

Louisa is disappointed

with Patrick since

William always

impresses her family

during the dinner, on

the other hand, she

hoped that Patrick

behaves like William

did.

59 202 Lou : ―Oh my God! Where did you get these?‖

Bernard : ―Jesus Christ, she‘ll look like Max

Wall in a beehive

Oh my God!

Jesus Christ

√

√

Louisa is releasing her

happiness because

William gives her

stripes

60 205 Patrick : ―How could I be jealous of a cripple? Cripple √ Actually Patrick is

really mad and jealous

to William. So he

release his feeling by

swearing


100


Reason

Explanation C

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61 210 Lou : ―What the hell is a couscoussier

anyway?‖

What the hell √ The previous sentence

states ―Will‘s body was

a study in determined

indifference‖ and after

that Louisa is trying to

get more of Will‘s

attention

62 211 Lou : ―What if the genetically superior male is

actually a bit of dickhead?‖

Dickhead √ William is discrediting

himself because

previously he mentions

that usually woman

wants to be with strong

man, while he regards

that he is no longer

strong anymore.

63 212 Treena : ―It‘s best. I can‘t tell you, Lou, the joy

of using my brain again. I feel like there‘s been

this big chunk of me missing for ages… and

it‘s like I‘ve found it again. Does that sound

wanky?‖

Wanky √ Treena is really happy

and tell Lou that she

can go to the college.

She wants to get

Louisa‘s attention by

uttering swear word.


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Reason

Explanation C

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64 215 Will : ―Okay. Jesus, that‘s hot. Give me a

minute.‖

Jesus √ He is shocked because

Louisa pours hot soup

accidently, then he

expresses it by

swearing.

65 216 Will : ―Not ‗perhaps‘. You‘ve got to get away

from here, Clark. Promise me you won‘t spend

the rest of your life stuck around this bloody

parody of a place mat.‖

Bloody

parody

√ Will is annoyed

because of Louisa‘s

uncertainty when she is

told to go abroad.

66 217 Will : ―—not looking away hurriedly when

they realize I‘m a man in an overgrown bloody

pram.‖

Bloody pram √ William is expressing

sadness. He remembers

his past.

67 218 Will : ―The day we go and I‘m in this bloody

contraption, all those memories, those

sensations, will be wiped out, erased by the

struggle to get behind the table, up and down

Parisian curbs, the taxi drivers who refuse to

take us, and the wheelchair bloody power pack

that wouldn‘t charge in a French socket.

Okay?‖

Bloody

contraption

√ William is expressing

sadness. He remembers

his past.


102


Reason

Explanation C

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68 226 Lou : ―God, Will. I wish you‘d stop telling me

what to do. What if I like watching television?

What if I don‘t want to do much else other

than read a book?

God √ √ Louisa is swearing to in

order to get Will‘s

attention. It is because

William always focuses

on what Louisa

supposed to do.

Meanwhile it also can

be an expression

because she feels

annoyed and

spontaneously shows

her feeling

69 228 Will : ―That‘s why you piss me off, Clark.

Because I see all this talent, all this…‖

Piss off √ In this context, William

is releasing his emotion

because in the whole

chapter, it is told that

Louisa does not want to

do Will‘s suggestion.

(go abroad)


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Reason

Explanation C

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70 236 Will : ―You know I can‘t do that. Oh God,

you‘re not going to have some Indian Sanskrit

proverb or something, are you? What doesn’t

kill me makes me stronger.‖

Oh God √ William feds up with

Louisa. Because at the

beginning she rejected

to make tattoo on her

body, however William

is annoyed if Louisa

does not want to live

boldly as he suggested.

71 239 Lou : ―You‘re bad bloody influence on me,

Will Traynor,‖

Will : ―Oh, for Christ‘s sake, don‘t get

maudlin, Clark. It was meant to be funny.‖

Bloody

influence

For Christ‘s

sake

√

√

Both of Louisa and

William are expressing

their feeling because

they are insisting one

another.

72 244 Will : ―And you look bloody awful.‖ Bloody awful √ William shows his

wonder. Because

previously he said ―It‘s

the second time you‘ve

fallen asleep in three

days.‖


104


Reason

Explanation C

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73 250 Bernard : ―Well, it‘s really Will you should

thank. What a smashing bloke. I‘m just bloody

grateful that he thought of me.‖

Bloody

grateful

√ √ Bernard says the swear

word because he is

going to tell important

thing to the whole

family (he gets new

job).

74 258 Bernard : ―For goodness‘ sake, love. It‘s time

she moved on. She‘s twenty-seven years old,‖

For

goodness‘

sake

√ Bernard is showing the

expression of

disagreement to his

wife. He allows his

daughter to move out

from the house, while

his wife disagrees with

the idea.

75 264 Lou : ―I‘ve cleaned up after him. I‘ve changed

his bloody catheter. I‘ve made him laugh. I‘ve

done more than your bloody family has done.‖

Bloody

catheter

Bloody

family

√

√

Louisa is showing her

anger since Mrs.

Traynor does not allow

her to move with her

boyfriend. Moreover

she thinks that move

with her boyfriend is

all up to her.


105


Reason

Explanation C

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76 272 Will : ―Oh Jesus, what the-- ? Come here,

Clark.‖

Will : ―Bloody useless thing… it‘s okay. Just

breathe. Come here. Just breathe. Slowly.‖

Jesus

Bloody

√

√

William expresses his

worried to Louisa since

she showed that she is

afraid of unclear thing

(phobia).

77 273 Lou : ―I haven‘t talked to anyone about…

it‘s… it‘s stupid. And a long time ago. I didn‘t

think… I would…‖

Stupid √ Louisa is discrediting

herself by uttering

swear word. She thinks

that being afraid of lost

in certain area will not

accepted by the society.

78 274 Will : ―—nobody wants you to talk about

being afraid, or in pain, or being scared of

dying through some stupid, random

infection.—―

Stupid √ In the whole paragraph

Will tells Louisa how

miserable his life is

since he stuck in a

wheelchair forever. He

dislikes the situation

where he is not able to

do anything again.


106


Reason

Explanation C

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79 275 Will : ―are the only person I have felt able to

talk since I ended up in this bloody thing.‖

Bloody thing √ n the whole paragraph

Will tells Louisa how

miserable his life is

since he stuck in a

wheelchair forever. He

dislikes the situation

where he is not able to

do anything again.

80 280 Lou : ―It‘s the first time I‘ve gotten him a

proper distance from home and it‘s going to be

a bloody disaster.‖

Bloody

disaster

√ Louisa is expressing

(spontaneous) her

anxiousness or

nervousness since

William decided to go

to his ex-girlfriend

wedding.

81 285 Will‘s friend : So bloody good to see you out

again, Will.‖

Bloody good √ William‘s friend is

shocked by his

presence in Alicia‘s

wedding. Because since

the accident, his friends

never see him go out.


107

No Page Description

SW Reason

Explanation C

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82 286 A stranger : ―Bloody nice wedding, wasn‘t it?

Thought the bride looked splendid.‖

Bloody nice

wedding

√ A stranger wants to get

William‘s attention in

the crowd situation.

They produce swear

word in order to start

the discussion with

William.

83 292 Lou : ―God, no.‖

Mary : ―Jolly sensible of you. I‘ve seen better

dancing at a bloody Young Farmers Club disco

God

Bloody-

√

√ Louisa swears in order

to convey surprised

feeling. It is because

Marry Rawlinson

suddenly ask her to go

and strut her stuff.

Meanwhile. Marry

swears because after

swearing she

mentioned a name of a

group. So the swear

word has purpose to

create interpersonal

identification.


108


Reason

Explanation C

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84 294 Lou : ―Come on. Let‘s give these fuckers

something to talk about.‖

Mary : ―Fucking marvelous.‖

Fuckers

Fucking

√

√

Louisa thinks that

being a quadriplegic is

not a weird thing,

however the way

society treats Williamis

not good. Therefore,

she dislikes and

discredit other people.

the second swear word

is given by Mary in

order to give

compliment.

85 295 Will : ―Yes. But in my defense, Clark, I was an

arse.‖

Arse √ William called himself

as an arse for not being

able to do anything..

86 296 Will : ―Arses?‖

Lou : ―Arses. Say yes, Will. Go on.‖

Arses √ Both of Will and


to what society has

done to Will, both of

them also discredit the

people who treat

disable people badly.


109


Reason

Explanation C

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87 299 Nathan‘s monologue : AD scared the hell out

of me because you never knew which way it

was going to go.

Hell √ Nathan is

spontaneously swearing

because he is panic and

wondering William‘s

condition.

88 301 Nathan‘s monologue : (―Don‘t laugh,‖ she

said. ―At those prices, Will paid for a bloody

shampoo factory.‖)

Bloody

shampoo

√ Nathan rethink about

Louisa‘s statement.

Louisa realizes that

Nathan is going to

laugh at her, then she

spontaneously convey

her emotion.


110


Reason

Explanation C

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89 302 Nathan‘s monologue : I had to take my hat off

to the girl. If you had told me four months ago

that we‘d get Will off on a long-haul holiday—

hell, that we would get him out of this house—

.‖

Nathan‘s monologue : I even forgave Louisa

for being stupid enough to listen to Will when

he said he hadn‘t wanted to do his tubes.

Nathan‘s monologue : And believe me, I had

been pretty pissed about that.

Hell

Stupid

Pissed

√

√

√

The first word is aimed

to show that Nathan is

discrediting Louisa. he

expected Louisa can

take care of Will‘s

health properly, but she

actually she cannot.

The second word is

aimed to show that

Nathan is really mad to

Louisa since she listen

to William instead of

him.

90 312 Treena : ―Yu okay? You look like shit.‖ Shit √ Treena uses swear

word to mock and

offense Louisa. She

invites Louisa‘s

reaction (expecting that

Lou will tell her what is

happening)


111


Reason

Explanation C

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91 314 Treena : ―Oh, shit.‖ Shit √ Treena is showing her

excitement. We can

indicate by seeing at

her following statement

―this is interesting‖.

92 315 Treena : ―Fuck,‖

Treena : ―You fucking mad woman,‖

Lou : ― I‘m not going to do anything stupid.‖

Fuck

Fucking

Stupid

√

√

√

Treena is excited

knowing that Louisa is

fall for William.

Meanwhile, Louisa also

give spontaneous

recation in form of bad

word like saying

―stupid‖

93 316 Treena : ―And you might go off Will again. I

mean, I remember when you thought he was an

arse.‖

Arse √ Louisa expected nice

guy, but on the other

hand, William is not

the guy like she was

expected.

94 317 Patrick : ―I was an idiot. You‘re right. This job

of yours is only for six months, and I‘ve been

behaving like a child. I should be proud that

you‘re doing something so worthwhile, and

taking it all seriously. I was just a bit…

thrown. So I‘m sorry. Really.‖

Idiot √ The situation is Patrick

is very angry to Louisa

because he found that

Louisa is pay more

attention to William

rather than him.


112


Reason

Explanation C

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95 319 Patrick : ―This isn‘t work trip. This is a bloody

honeymoon.‖

Bloody

honeymoon

√ Patrick thought that

Lou‘s and Will‘s trip is

a common trip. He

expresses that he is

really angry as the

effect he spontaneously

uttering the swear

word.

96 320 Lou : ―He‘s not ‗a bit down‘, Pat. He wants to

kill himself. He wants to take himself off to

Dignitas, and end his own bloody life.‖

Bloody life √ Louisa feels that take

care of Will and keep

him alive are parts of

his job. She is upset

and mad because

Patrick say bad thing

about Will.

97 328 Lou : ―Shit,‖

Lou : ―Shit, shit, shit. Can I go in?‖

Shit √ Louisa is panic and she

expresses it by

swearing. She is panic

because it is told that

William is hospitalized.


113


Reason

Explanation C

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98 338 Nathan : ―—I‘ve sat there with him and there

is nothing I can say to the guy, nothing that is

going to make it any better. He‘s been dealt the

shittiest hand of cards you can imagine.‖

Shittiest hand

of cards

√ Nathan is telling about

how William deals with

his condition that

makes him sad. He

uttered swear words

spontaneously to

release his sadness.

99 339 Nathan : ―But I want him to live if he wants to

live. If he doesn‘t, then by forcing him to carry

on, you, me—no matter how much we love

him—we become just another shitty bunch of

people taking away his choices.‖

Shitty √ Nathan is telling about

how William deals with

his condition that

makes him sad. He

uttered swear words

spontaneously to

release his sadness.

100 345 Treena‘s text : You can do this. Am bloody

proud of you.

Bloody

proud

√ Treena utters swear

word in order to

convey her proud

feeling of Louisa.

101 351 Nathan : ―Piss off, you two.‖ Piss off √ Nathan is annoyed

because William and

Louisa always tease

him for having a date.


114


Reason

Explanation C

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102 357 Lou‘s monologue : And then, as someone

turned the music up by the bar, I kicked off my

shoes and I began to dance. It sounds stupid—

the kind of behavior that on another day you

might be embarrassed by.

Stupid √ Louisa thinks that she

is not really good at

dancing. She discredit

herself for not able to

dance nicely.

103 362 Will : ―—What you have told me, what you

have done in bringing me here… knowing that,

somehow, from the complete arse I was at the

start of this, you manage to salvage something

to love is astonishing to me.‖

Arse √ Will is extremely sad,

and he told Louisa why

he wants to commit

suicide. He swears

spontaneously in order

to damn his miserable

life.

104 363 Lou : ―You‘re so selfish, Will. So stupid. Even

if there was the remotest possibility of me

coming with you—―

Stupid √ Louisa is disappointed

with Will‘s choice to

commit suicide. She

discredits William for

not being able to

respect his own life and

his family.


115


Reason

Explanation C

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105 364 Lou : ―Fuck you, Will Traynor. Fuck you. I

wish I‘d never taken this stupid job. I wish I‘d

never met you.‖

Fuck you

Stupid

√

√


with Will‘s choice to

commit suicide. She

discredits William for

not being able to

respect his own life and

his family.

106 374 Treena : ―Shit. Oh, Lou. I‘m really sorry.‖ Shit √ The swear word is

functioned to show

Treena‘s feeling. She is

surprised to know that

William stick to his

plan.

107 375 Treena : ―I‘m not sure there‘s anything you

can do. God. All that stuff you fixed up for

him. All that effort…‖

God √ The swear word is

functioned to show

Treena‘s feeling. She is

surprised to know that

William stick to his

plan.


116


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

108 377 Treena : ―Listen, Lou. They don‘t give

interviews out like bread for ducks, you idiot.

This is a big deal. They know you‘re a mature

student, you‘re applying at the wrong time of

year, and they‘re still going to see you. You

can‘t muck them around.‖

Idiot

√

The word ―idiot‖ is

addressed to Louisa.

However she

mentioned the word

because she they have

close relationship to

each other in order to

entertain Lou.

109 380 Bernard : ―Oh Jesus Christ, the poor fella. And

poor you. Oh Jesus.‖

Bernard : ―What a bloody mess.‖

Josie : ―Well, not bloody taking him to this

clinic would be a start.‖

Jesus Christ

Jesus

Bloody mess

Bloody

taking him

√

√

√

√

Louisa‘s parents are

shocked knowing that

Will‘s wants to commit

suicide. They disagree

with William‘s choice.

They consider that

Will‘s action is not

suitable with public

value.

110 381 Josie : ―—And to think they got Louisa

involved in all this. She‘s a magistrate, for

goodness‘ sake. You‘d think a magistrate

would know what was right or wrong.—―

Treena : ―Oh shit,‖

For

goodness‘

sake

Shit

√

√

Lou‘s parents also

surprised knowing that

Louisa already know

about William‘s plan to

commit suicide


117


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

111 384 Treena‘s monologue : I began to push her up

the stairs. God, she was impossibly slow. It

was like she was half asleep.

Treena : ―No, it just means some arse is trying

to cash in.‖

God

Arse

√

√

Treena swears in order

to show Louisa that she

is impassion knowing

that Louisa was

impossibly slow. The

second swearing is

aimed to get the people

attention. Treena is

trying to help Louisa

from the journalists

question, so she tries to

get their attention.

112 385 Treena : ―You shitbag,‖

Treena : ―I‘m going to kick your stupid

marathon-running shins so hard you‘re going

to think 157th

was actually a good result.‖

Shitbag

Stupid

√

√

Treena is angry to

Patrick since he told

the journalists about

Will‘s plan. She invites

Patrick‘s reaction to

make him regretful.


118


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

113 386 Treena‘s monologue : Twenty-six. Twenty-six

of the buggers. And all sounding so nice, so

understanding. Some of them even offered her

money.

Treena :‖Oh, for Christ‘s sake, Lou. For once

in your life, just get a grip. You won‘t know

anything unless you call. You don‘t have a

bloody choice.‖

Buggers

For Christ‘s

sake

Bloody

choice

√

√

√

Treena is expressing

spontaneous expression

because of the hectic

situation. She does not

believe what the

journalists and Louisa

have done.

114 391 Treena : ―Shit. I‘ve never seen Mum like that,‖ Shit √ Treena is shocked to

see her mother being

freak out.

115 392 Treena : ―Now fuck off, if you miss the bloody

plane on top of me getting six points on my

license, I‘m never talking to you again.‖

Fuck off

Bloody

√

√

Treena is freaking out

because Louisa is still

confused whether she

wants to go to William

or not.

116 407 Will‘s letter : Clark, I can practically hear you

starting to hyperventilate from here. Don‘t start

panicking, or trying to give it away—it‘s not

enough for you to sit on your arse for the rest

of your life.

Arse √ The strong word is

uttered in order to

discredit Louisa for

always live in a simple

way.


119


Reason

Explanation C

A

D P C

I

I

P

C

117 408 Will‘s letter : I‘m not giving the money to you

because I want you to feel wistful, or indebted

to me, or to feel that it‘s some kind of bloody

memorial.

Bloody

memorial

√


Documents

A STUDY OF SWEAR WORDS USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN JOJO MOYES … · 2017-08-14 · viii ABSTRAK Dewi, Reinildis Agrini. (2017) A study of of swear words used by the characters in Jojo