WIRSCHAFFENWISSEN–HEUTEFÜRMORGEN

SLS-2 : Upgrade of the Swiss Light Source

A.Streun::onbehalfofSLS-2projectteam::PaulScherrerInsItut

PHANGSworkshop,Dec.4-5,2017,Trieste

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 2/36

Outline

w  SLS-theSwissLightSource§  Layout,HistoryandAchievements

w  SLS-2Concept§  Radia=onequilibriumandMul=-BendAchromats§  LongitudinalGradientBendsandReverseBends

w  SLS-2LaDcedesign§  Op=cs,Layout,EmiGanceandAcceptance

w  SLS-2Components§  Magnets,VacuumChambers,Injec=on

w  Summary&Outlook

w  SLS-2sources:Undulators,Brightnessetc.àpresenta=onbyThomasSchmidt

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 3/36

4days

1mA

90 keV pulsed (3 Hz) thermionicelectrongun

Synchrotron(“booster”)100 MeV → 2.4 [2.7] GeV within 146 ms (~160’000 turns)

100 MeV pulsedlinac

2.4 GeV storageringεx = 5.0..6.8 nm, εy = 1..10 pm 400±1 mA beamcurrent top-upopera*on

shieldingwalls

transferlines

Currentvs.=me

Electronbeamcrosssec=onincomparisontohumanhair

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 4/36

SLShistory

1990 Firstideasfora SwissLightSource

1993 ConceptualDesignReportJune 1997 ApprovalbySwissGovernmentJune 1999 Finaliza=onofBuilding

Dec. 2000 FirstStoredBeam

June 2001 Designcurrent400mAreached Topupopera=onstarted

July 2001 Firstexperiments

Jan. 2005 Laserbeamslicing“FEMTO”May 2006 3Teslasuperbends

2010 ~compleIon:18beamlines

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 5/36

SLSbeamlines

2017:FemtoshutdownexperimentsàSwissFEL:Nov.2017lasingat6Å(final1Å)

xx

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 6/36

SLSmajorachievements

w  Reliability§  >5000hrsuserbeam=meperyear§  97.6%availability(12yearaverage2005-16;99.1%in2016)

w  Top-upoperaIonsince2001§  constantbeamcurrent400-402mAovermanydays

w  Photonbeamstability< 1µmrms(atfrontends)  ‏( < 100 Hzsystemfeedbackorb=fast (‏ §

§  undulatorfeedforwardtables,beambasedalignment,dynamicgirderrealignment,photonBPMintegra=onetc...

w  Ultra-lowverIcalemidance:1.0 ± 0.3 pm §  modelbasedandmodelindependentop=cscorrec=on§  highresolu=onbeamsizemonitordevelopments

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 7/36

ThenewlightsourcesgeneraIonSLS:17yearsofverysuccessfulopera=on......butemiGance5 nm at2.4 GeV notcompe==veinnearfuture Theore=cal

EmiGancescalingε ∝ γ 2 C -3 K ≈ 2 → ≈ -1 improvement×20

CK ln3ln 2 ⋅−=γε

SLS-2

upgradeprojectsopera=onal

commissioningorconstruc=onplannedwithdampingwigglers

SLS

ðSLS-2

howto?

“Bartoliniplot”

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 8/36

Electronstoragering:Radia=onEquilibriumw  independentofini=alcondi=ons

how to

ñ maximize this -- and -- minimize this ñ

Basics:howtogetlowemidance?

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 9/36

Minimumequilibriumemidancew  Maximalradia=ondamping

§  increaseradiatedpowerðpaywithRF-powerðDampingwigglers:Σ |deflec=onangles| > 360°

w  Minimalquantumexcita=on§  keepoff-momentumorbitclose

tonominalorbitð  minimizedispersionatloca=onsof

radia=on(=bendingmagnets)•  Focusingintobendingmagnettosuppressdispersion.•  Manyshortbendingmagnets(=smallangleφ )tolimitdispersiongrowth:ε ∼ φ 3 �

φ = 2π / Ncell andNcell = C / Lcell àε ∼ C -3

ðMulI-BendAchromat(MBA) ðMiniaturiza=onofcomponents:reducecelllengthLcell

ppX

Δ==

momentumorbitDispersion

δ =Δp/p

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 10/36

TheMulI-BendAchromat(MBA)

MiniaturizaIonð  smallvacuumchambersð  highmagnetgradientsð morecellsingivencircumference

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 11/36

Upgradetask:factor>30loweremiGance(< 150 pm)

+harderX-rays(> 50 keV)

SLSchallenge:smallcircumference(288 m) w  NospaceforverymanylaDcecells(MBA)w  Nospacefordampingwigglers

ScalingofnewringdesignstoSLSupgrade:

ApproximateemiGancescalingεx ∝ (Energy)2 / (Circumference)3 SLS E = 2.4 GeV C = 288 m

MAXIV E = 3 GeV C = 528 m εx = 328 pm → 1290 pm û SIRIUS E = 3 GeV C = 518 m εx = 240 pm → 950 pm û ESRF-EBSE = 6 GeV C = 844 m εx = 147 pm → 590 pm û

ð SLS-2:NewlaDcecellconcept εx → ∼100 pm ü

ApplicaIonofMBAtoSLS-2

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 12/36

StandardMBAcellw  quadrupolesto

focusdispersionw  dispersionatcenter>0

(inperiodiccell)

SLS-2modifiedMBAcellw  displacedquadrupoles

=reversebendingmagnets(RB)w  dispersionatcentre→0üw  longitudinalfieldvaria=onin

dipolemagnet:max.Batcenter=longitudinalgradientbend(LGB)

SLS-2novellajcecell

orbitforΔp < 0

B(s)

s

ðupto5×loweremidancethanconvenIonalcell

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 13/36

...inanutshell-thewaytominimumemidance

42

52])GeV[(~]radm[II

IECqxo −=⋅ε

2GeVradnm1470~ ⋅

=qC

∫= dshI 22

Increaseofradia=onloss∼I2

LGBI2increasefor h =h(s)

RBΣ|bendangles|> 2π

Damping

∫ += dskhh )2( 2η4I

Increaseofhorizontaldampingpar==onnumberJx = 1 - I4/I2 tradi=onal(combinedfunc=on):k < 0whereh > 0, η > 0

RBk > 0whereh < 0, η > 0

DampingparIIoning

xB

pek y

∂

∂=

∫= dshI H35 ||LGBMinimiza=onofI5η → ≈0 where h → max.

ββηαηη 22 )'( ++

=HRB dispersionmatching:

η → ≈0 atLGBcenter.

ηδ

η’δ

x’ x QuantumexcitaIon

yBpeh ==

ρ1

Radia=onintegrals

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 14/36

HowLGBandRBworktogether

xox

q JII

EC ε=2

52~÷ 1.61

×1.76 ×1.45

÷ 4.14

LGB-RBcell(SLS-2alterna*velaDce) εxo= 103 pm 5° netdeflec=on, 2.48 m length.νx;y=0.428 (=3/7); 0.143 (=1/7) By at x = 13 mm: dip,quad,totalConven=onalcell εxo= 427 pm samedeflec=on,lengthandtunesOp=calfunc=onsLGB-RBConven=onalGaininradia=onintegrals:

LGBRB RBQD QD

QDQDQF QFDipol

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 15/36

SLS-27-BA

12iden=cal7-BAarcsSuperbendsinsectors2,6,10

super-LGBnormalLGBs

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 16/36

Beamsizermsenvelopesfor10%emiGancecoupling(noIBS)

emiGances98pm/10pm[super]bendcenter4.7×9.0µm

straightcenter18×5.5µm

⎯ver=cal

⎯ horizontal⎯ dispersioncontribu=on---couplingcontribu=ons---

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 17/36

LajceparametersName SLS*) SLS-2#)EmiGanceat2.4GeV[pm] 5069 102 → 126♦)

LaDcetype 12×TBA 12×7BA Circumference[m] 288.0 290.4 Totalabsolutebendingangle 360° 561.6° WorkingpointQx/y 20.43 / 8.22 39.2 / 15.30 Naturalchroma=ci=esCx/y -67.0 / -19.8 -95.0 / -35.2 Op=csstrain1) 7.9 5.6 HorizontaldampingPar==onJx 1.00 1.71 Momentumcompac=onfactor[10-4] 6.56 -1.33 RadiatedPower[kW]2) 208 222 rmsenergyspread[10-3] 0.86 1.03 → 1.07♦)

damping=mesx/y/E[ms] 8.9 / 8.9 / 4.4 4.9 / 8.4 / 6.5

1)  productofhoriz.andvert.normalizedchroma=ci=esC/Q2)  assuming400mAstoredcurrent,barelaDcewithoutIDs*)SLSlaDcebeforeFEMTOinstalla=on(<2005)#)SLS-2with3superbends

♦) includingintra-beamscaGeringfor1mAbunchcurrent(400mAin400of484buckets;500MHz),10pmver=calemiGance,1.4MVRFvoltage,3rdharmoniccavityfor2.2×bunchlength.

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 18/36

Sourcepointshims

PeriodicityCircumference

SLSnow3

288.00m

SLS-212

290.40m

Harmonicnumber 480=25⋅3⋅5 484=22⋅112

3×L-straightLΔRΔS

11760

552017700

3×M-straightLΔRΔS

7000

5520-80

6×S-straightLΔRΔS

4000

552098

±1778

3×SuperbendΔRarc2,6,10 ΔS

-178-205

radialandlongitudinalshizs[mm]rela=vetoSLS-now(withoutFemto)

L-straight

Superbend

2/6/10SàlongerBL4/8/12SàshorterBL

SLSSLS-2(straights:midpoints)

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 19/36

TunnelmodificaIonin3longstraightsSLS-2lajceandexisIngSLSgirders

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 20/36

StraightsecIons

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 21/36

DynamicAcceptanceachallengeforlowemi1ancela2ces

w Dynamicacceptance(forlowcoupling)=§  horizontaldynamicapertureincludingphysical

limita=ons(beampipe)àoff-axisinjec=onefficiency/possibility

§  laDcemomentumacceptance=momentumdependenthorizontaldynamicapertureàTouscheklife=me

§  ver=callimit≈physicalaperture(minigapundulators)àCoulombscaGeringlife=me

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 22/36

DynamicacceptanceopImizaIonmethodw  Phasecancella=on

§  celltunesΔνx=3/7≈0.428andΔνy=1/7≈0.143ðcancella=onofallregularsextupoleandoctupoleresonancesover7cells•  celltuneΔνx≈0.43mosteffec=vefordispersionsuppressionbyreversebend.

w Minimiza=onofhigherorderterms§  amplitudedependenttuneshizs(ADTS)(analy=c)§  2ndordersextupole/1storderoctupoleresonances§  higherorderchroma=ci=es(numeric)à  7sextupoleand6octupolefamilies

w  directop=miza=onofdynamicapertures§  mul=-objec=vegene=calgorithm(MOGA)

•  usedforpreviouslaDceversion,notyetfortheCDRversion.

J.Be

ngtsson,M

.Aiba,M

.Ehrlichm

an

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 23/36

Dynamicaperture

Diffusionmaps(stable↔unstable)forbare(i.e.error-free)laDceõ  in{x,y} spacein{Δp/p, x} spaceö

colordefinesstablemo=on(4000turns),white=unstable····physicalaperturelimitfromr = 10 mm beampipe----physicalaperturewithundulatorgaps(4 mm gapon2 mlength)approx.injectedbeamfrombooster(3σ)

M.Böge,J.Bengtsson,M.Aiba

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 24/36

RFbucket

RFbucketfor1.4 MV,500 MHz,w/oandwith3HCw  smallα1 àtransi=onto“alphabucket”at2 MV w  largeα2 àasymmetricmomentumacceptance

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 25/36

CorrelatedmisalignmentsGirdertrainlink.3typesofmisalignments(RMS,cut2σ)girderjoints(60µm)/jointplay(20µm)/elementsongirders(30µm)+definecompoundelements(i.e.commonyokemagnets)

Δx

Δy

Δφ

onearc:

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 26/36

BDmodel:primarygirderwithjoints(),secondarygirderspassivelikeSLS

CDRmodelfornormalandsuperbendarcs:movablegirdersandplinthwithmanualadjustments.Displacedvirtualjoints()

LGB=VB-BN-VBcompound

AN-ANreversebends

matchingquads

MovablelonggirdersbetweenplinthforeveryotherLGB?Op=ontohave3superbendsinonearc.Doublevirtualjointsinplinth()

S

SLSnowforcomparison

Gird

erpad

ernsund

ercon

side

raIo

n

S.M

aag,M

.Bög

e,K.D

reyere

tal.

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 27/36

OrbitcorrecIonBPMsª CorrHn&Vninsextupoles

RB(horfoc.)

VB(vertfoc.)LGB

Quadrupoles12×(10/arc+2/straight)=144BPM/CH/CVOrbitexcursionsbetweenBPMshor/vert(12seeds):

±70 µm ±100 µm

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 28/36

Dynamicaperturewitherrors

120seeds(12misalignments×10mul=poleerrors)girders/joints/elements:60/20/30µmrmscut2σmeandynamicaperture+/-sigma······physicalaperturelimitfromr=10mmbeampipe---physicalaperturewithundulatorgaps(4mmgapon2mlength)approx.injectedbeamfrombooster(3σ)

M.BögeJ.Bengtsson

M.Aiba

Simula=onincludedw  orbitcorrec=on

§  Correctorstrengthmax.400µrad

w  beambasedalignmentw  op=cscorrec=on

(LOCOstyle)§  residualbeta-beat

H1.0%,V1.3%w  nocouplingcorrec=on

§  averagever=calemiGance≈4.5pm

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 29/36

MomentumacceptanceandTouschekLifeIme

ñHandVdynamicapertureasfunc=onofmomentum(120seeds)Localmomentumacceptance(120seeds)öTouschekLife=me:2.8±0.4hrs 9.3±1.4hrsver=calemiGance: 5pm 10pmbunchlength: 2.4mm(no3HC) 5.7mm(with3HC)1mA/bunch(400mAtotal),IBSnotincludedlinearRF-mom.acc.used:1.4MVà5.2% M.Böge,J.Bengtsson,M.Aiba

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 30/36

Magnets1-compoundLGB

longitudinal/transversegradientcompoundbend

uselowfieldatLGBendsforver=calfocusinggradientàsavespace,increaseJx

RCresis=vecoilversionPMpermanentmagnetversion

workinprogressAlterna=ves:-discretequadrupoles?-distributedgradient?-incorpora=onofsextupolecomponenttoo?-tunability?

P.Lerch,M

.Negrazus,V.V

rankovic

By at x = 13 mm dip,quad,total

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 31/36

Magnets2-reversebendsandothers

w  Reversebendà=quadoffcenter§  RCandPMversions

w  Quadrupoles§  72T/m§  R=13mm

w  Sextupolesà§  including

horizontalandver=calcorrectorcoilsàà

§  R=13mm

w  Octupoles§  includingtuning

quadrupolesandskewquadrupoles

§  R=15mm P.Lerch,M

.Negrazus,V.V

rankovic

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 32/36

Longitudinalgradientsuperbend§  splitracetracks+solenoids§  B-fieldprofilefullwidthhalf

maximum(FWHM):40-70 mm.§  B-fieldpeak: ≈ 6 T.

InnerNb3SncoilstoproducetheB-fieldpeak

ARMCORorV-permendur)toenhancethefieldandreducethestrayfield

OuterNbTicoilstoprovidethefieldintegral

Cryostatassembly

Magnets3-superbendC.Calzolaio,S.Sanfilippo,A.Anghel,S.Sidorov

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 33/36

Vacuumsystem

w  Alterna=ngvacuumsec=ons§  antechambersinLGBareasà§  coppertubesinRBareasæ

w  NEGcoa=ng§  1 µm inantechamber§  500 nm inbeampipe

èturbulentbunchlengtheningthreshold2.0/3.5mAwithout/with3rdharmoniccavity(required:>1mA)(incl.resis=vewall,tapers,BPMs)

§  < 10-9 mbar azer70 Ah

w  Highpowerdensityabsorbers§  ESRFdesign§  CuCrZrmaterial

•  flangeknifeedgemachinedfromsamematerialà

M.Hahn,L.Schulzetal.

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 34/36

InjecIonOff-axisinjec=onwithan=-septum

Kicker Septum An=-septum

+ =

Bumpheight=-6 mm An=-septumwall=1 mm Separa=on=3 mmDynamicaperture≈5 mm

Workinprogress:•  alterna=vepulsedmul=poleoff-axis•  longitudinalon-axis(off-phase)•  emiGanceexchangeinbooster

M.AibaC.Gough

lstoredbeamlinjectedbeam

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 35/36

SLS-2statusw  ScienceCase

§  Version1.0,Nov.2016•  http://ados.web.psi.ch/SLS2/CDR/Science_Case/bookmain.pdf

w  ConceptualDesignReport§  DRAFTSep.5,2017

•  http://ados.web.psi.ch/SLS2/CDR/Doc/cdr.pdf §  CDRreviewmee=ng,Sep.26-27,2017§  Finalversion<22.12.2017ðPSI-report17-03

w  SubmissiontoSNF<31.12.2017(SwissNa=onalScienceFounda=on)

§  Swissresearchinfrastructureroadmap2021-24§  totalbudget100MCHF

•  (83machine+17beamlines,withoutsalaries)

A.Streun,PSI SLS-2:UpgradeoftheSwissLightSourcePHANGSworkshop,Trieste,Dec.4-5,2017 36/36

SLS-2schedule

T.Garvey&U.Barth

Summary Designofa...-compeIIve-compact-novel-lowemidanceLajce

Confidencein...-offaxisinjecIon-beamlifeIme

Challenging...-magnetdesign-tolerances-Imeschedule

Thank you !