A Stove Rockets Uganda A Stove Rockets Uganda

Promotion of Renewable Energy Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Programand Energy Efficiency Program

By John Kuteesakwe

ENERGY SITUATION IN UGANDAENERGY SITUATION IN UGANDA

Biomass represents 93% of the national energy consumption Biomass represents 93% of the national energy consumption 97% of the households use biomass for cooking97% of the households use biomass for cooking By 1995, the biomass demand had already exceeded the By 1995, the biomass demand had already exceeded the

sustainable supplysustainable supply

6% 1%

93%

Biomass Oil Products

Electricity

Decline of Biomass Standing Stock

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Year

Wo

od

Av

aila

ble

Sto

ck

(M

To

ns

)

Stock Without Reforestation & Improved TechnologiesReforestation and Woodsaving Stoves

Why does the Energy Advisory Why does the Energy Advisory Project love us so much?Project love us so much?

The most efficient beast of The most efficient beast of BurdenBurden

Driving factors for Biomass Driving factors for Biomass CrisisCrisis Use of inefficient cooking devices Use of inefficient cooking devices – e.g. the 3 stone fire– e.g. the 3 stone fire

Rapid population growth (3.4%) –Rapid population growth (3.4%) – more people … less more people … less biomassbiomass

Poverty –Poverty – retains population on biomass …can’t afford alternativesretains population on biomass …can’t afford alternatives

Mitigation ConceptMitigation Concept Measures to reduce biomass demand involve Measures to reduce biomass demand involve

the dissemination of efficient stovesthe dissemination of efficient stoves But the impact of such efforts depends on the But the impact of such efforts depends on the

magnitude of intervention magnitude of intervention A minor scale intervention cannot offset a A minor scale intervention cannot offset a

major scale crisis of biomass energy: the major scale crisis of biomass energy: the problem grows faster than the solutionproblem grows faster than the solution

Ordinarily, long “pilot” projects have been the Ordinarily, long “pilot” projects have been the most fashionable, yet the practical problems most fashionable, yet the practical problems don’t ‘pilot’ for long: they tend to scale up don’t ‘pilot’ for long: they tend to scale up rapidlyrapidly

The problem The solution

Scaling up is the valid Scaling up is the valid AnswerAnswer

The full-scale energy problem can only The full-scale energy problem can only be neutralized by scaling up the energy be neutralized by scaling up the energy solutionssolutions

For biomass, it involves the scaling up of For biomass, it involves the scaling up of improved stoves to cover the bigger improved stoves to cover the bigger proportions of the vulnerable populationproportions of the vulnerable population

To achieve this, two considerations are To achieve this, two considerations are critical: critical: – The design of the technology and The design of the technology and – The design of the dissemination strategyThe design of the dissemination strategy

The Stove Dissemination StrategyThe Stove Dissemination Strategy The dissemination strategy is as critical as the stove The dissemination strategy is as critical as the stove

designdesign A strategy that is discordant with the socio-A strategy that is discordant with the socio-

economic framework achieves one result: missing economic framework achieves one result: missing the target group effectivelythe target group effectively

Traditional commercialization can make proper Traditional commercialization can make proper sense in the urban communities, where all livelihood sense in the urban communities, where all livelihood items have to be purchaseditems have to be purchased

However, in rural poor communities the mode of However, in rural poor communities the mode of commercialization needs modificationcommercialization needs modification

A reasonable stove price in the urban community A reasonable stove price in the urban community may be a prohibitive price in the rural may be a prohibitive price in the rural

So GTZ-Uganda uses two parallel strategies: So GTZ-Uganda uses two parallel strategies: Exclusive commercialization and semi-Exclusive commercialization and semi-commercialization commercialization

Exclusive commercializationExclusive commercialization GTZ-Uganda supports a pure GTZ-Uganda supports a pure

commercialization of stoves by supporting the commercialization of stoves by supporting the private dealers. The strategy involves:private dealers. The strategy involves:– Identification of the authentic private stove dealers Identification of the authentic private stove dealers – Offering training in the stove design and production Offering training in the stove design and production – Supporting the marketing campaign and operating Supporting the marketing campaign and operating

toolstools– Supervision and quality control Supervision and quality control

But this strategy is appropriate for the upper But this strategy is appropriate for the upper social economic class consumers, including:social economic class consumers, including:– the higher income households, especially in the the higher income households, especially in the

urban centers, urban centers, – the social institutions andthe social institutions and– the commercial enterprisesthe commercial enterprises

Metal Rocket Household StoveMetal Rocket Household Stove

Rocket Institutional StovesRocket Institutional Stoves

Mobile type Mobile type Fixed type

But what about the poor?But what about the poor? They actually constitute the majority of They actually constitute the majority of

the populationthe population They are the ones most severely They are the ones most severely

affectedaffected

Typical Poor Household in Typical Poor Household in UgandaUganda

Semi-commercialized Semi-commercialized ApproachApproach

Is an adaptive Is an adaptive strategy for the strategy for the dissemination of a dissemination of a mud rocket stovemud rocket stove

The stove production The stove production process is process is demystified, demystified, decentralized and decentralized and localizedlocalized

Poverty does not Poverty does not hinder affordability hinder affordability

MATERIALS

TOOLS

SKILLS DISTRIBUTIO

N

-cheap

-locally available

The very basic tools for survival

Simplified and multiplied

Production at the consumer location

Operation of the Semi-Operation of the Semi-commercialized Systemcommercialized System

The production is a joint venture between the The production is a joint venture between the producer and the consumerproducer and the consumer

The consumer is not a passive recipient but an The consumer is not a passive recipient but an active production companionactive production companion

The production tasks are shared between the The production tasks are shared between the two parties:two parties:a)a) The family provides and prepares all the construction The family provides and prepares all the construction

materials and pays a small labor fee to the stove buildermaterials and pays a small labor fee to the stove builder

b)b) The builder constructs the stove with the familyThe builder constructs the stove with the family

c)c) The family does the finishingThe family does the finishing

Dissemination is implemented by NGOsDissemination is implemented by NGOs

Training PyramidTraining Pyramid

Community Stove Builders/ Artisans

-Select trainees

-Train

-Monitor

NGO Workforce(District coordinators)

Identify & train NGO

GTZ/PREEEP

Subcounty Coordinators

Select & Train

Motivation, Mobilization, MarketingMotivation, Mobilization, Marketing

ImpactsImpacts Over 500,000 households have received Over 500,000 households have received

the mud rocket stoves disseminated by 7 the mud rocket stoves disseminated by 7 NGOs in 4 year NGOs in 4 year

Several stove producers are getting Several stove producers are getting significant incomes from the stove as significant incomes from the stove as they move to different areas and they move to different areas and countriescountries

Time saved for wood collection and Time saved for wood collection and cooking, IAP reduction are recognised by cooking, IAP reduction are recognised by users (independent studies already users (independent studies already done)done)

Thanks for Listening!Thanks for Listening!

John Kuteesakwe

P.O.Box 10346 Kampala (Uganda)

Mob: +256-77-2764160

E-mail: John.Kuteesakwe@gtz.de

jkute@yahoo.com