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Alexandria Engineering Journal (2013) 52, 643–653
Alexandria University
Alexandria Engineering Journal
www.elsevier.com/locate/aejwww.sciencedirect.com
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor
correction converter for LED lamp driver
Mahmoud S. Abd El-Moniem a,*, Haitham Z. Azazi b, Sabry A. Mahmoud c
a Petroleum Marine Services Company, Alexandria, Egyptb Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egyptc Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt
Received 23 April 2013; revised 16 July 2013; accepted 18 July 2013Available online 20 August 2013
*
E-
H
co
Pe
U
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ht
KEYWORDS
LED lamp;
PFC;
Total harmonic distortion
(THD);
Voltage sensorless;
Zero-crossing detector
Corresponding author. Tel.:
mail addresses: Smach_2009
m (S.A. Mahmoud).
er review under responsibility
niversity.
Production an
10-0168 ª 2013 Production
tp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2
+20 122
@yahoo.
.Z. Aza
of Facu
d hostin
and hosti
013.07.0
Abstract Light-emitting diode (LED) technology presents an effective and robust solution to
decrease the energy demand. In this paper, a power factor correction (PFC) converter is proposed
to solve the problems that appear when using LED lamps, such as reducing harmonic currents and
reshaping the input current to be a sinusoidal waveform without using line voltage sensor, so the
total cost can be reduced and increasing the efficiency. Thus, this technique is considered a simple
and easy method which reduces the number of sensors required and achieves the noise isolation
between the power circuit and the controller. Also, the proposed method is implemented using a
zero-crossing processing, which allows a greater accuracy than other methods. Simulation and
experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed circuit which
show that the proposed control method has low inrush input current, high power factor (near
unity), and fast dynamic response under transient operation. Also, a sinusoidal current waveform
under a non-sinusoidal input voltage condition can be achieved.ª 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria
University.
1142507.
com (M.S. Abd El-Moniem),
zi), Sabry_abdellatif@yahoo.
lty of Engineering, Alexandria
g by Elsevier
ng by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of F
02
1. Introduction
While Edison is credited with the development of the first com-mercially practical incandescent lamp in order to improve the
lifestyle, conventional lighting sources have low efficiency andhigh energy consumption [1]. One of the key motivations forthe recent development in LED lighting is the possibility forincreasing efficiency and light output. LEDs are gradually
replacing the conventional lighting sources due to their numer-ous advantages such as [2–4]:
� High efficiency which can emit more light per watt thanincandescent lamps.
aculty of Engineering, Alexandria University.
Nomenclature
R ideal resistance
L boost inductorD diodeS MOSFET (Switch)Vs supply voltage
is supply currentVin(t) the rectified voltagebVinðtÞ the estimated input voltage
il inductor (rectified) currentiref reference current
Vref reference voltage
vcontrol the controlled scaling factor of the rectified voltageVrms RMS value of the input voltageVo load voltageVo(mean) mean load voltage
Io load currentVF forward voltage drop for LED lampxline angular line frequency
644 M.S. Abd El-Moniem et al.
� No ultra-violet (UV) or infrared (IR) output.� Have a relatively long useful life, c. 100,000 h which is more
than 10 times that of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs).� Can very easily be dimmed either by pulse-width modula-tion or lowering the forward current.
� LED lamp module is composed of many LEDs, when oneLED fails there are many more for back-up.� They can be dimmed smoothly from full output to off.
� Extremely robustness, those are difficult to damage withexternal shock, unlike conventional lamps, which arefragile.� Small in size.
� No external reflector.
Like conventional PN junction diodes, LEDs are current-
dependent devices with their forward voltage drop VF, depend-ing on the semiconductor compound (their light color) and onthe forward biased LED current. Fig. 1 presents the I–V char-
acteristic curves showing the different colors available [5].LEDs are operated from a low voltage DC supply. In gen-
eral lighting applications, the LED lamps have to operate fromuniversal AC input, so an AC–DC converter is needed to drive
the LED lamp [6]. The efficient drive not only performs unitypower factor (PF), but also regulates LED current [7].
The rectifier with filter capacitor is called a conventional
AC–DC utility interface. Although a filter capacitor signifi-
Figure 1 I–V characteristics curves for different colors available.
cantly suppresses the ripples from the output voltage, it intro-duces distortions in the input current and draws current fromthe supply discontinuously, in short pulses [8]. This introduces
several problems including reduction in available power, andthe line current becomes non-sinusoidal which increases the to-tal harmonic distortion (THD) and increases losses. This re-sults in a poor power quality, voltage distortion, and poor
PF at input ac mains [9–11].With the development of PFC converters, a sinusoidal line
current can be made in phase with the line voltage, and this
PFC circuit achieves the requirements of the international har-monic standards. For all lighting products and input powerhigher than 25 W, AC–DC LED drivers must comply with line
current harmonic limit set by IEC61000-3-2 class C [12]. Sin-gle-stage PFC topologies are the most suitable converters forlighting applications, as PFC and regulator circuits can bemerged together. They have high efficiency, a near unity PF,
simple control loop, and a small size. In reality, the switchingfrequency is much higher than the line frequency, and the in-put AC current waveform is dependent on the type of control
being used [13]. The inductor is assumed to be operated in con-tinuous conduction mode (CCM) which is implemented usinghysteresis current control method. Operation is possible
throughout the line-cycle, so the input current does not hasharmonic distortions [14,15].
There are various PFC control algorithms using input volt-
age sensorless approach [16–19]. A simple control methodusing current law has been described in [16,17] by using onlyan instantaneous input current and a proportional gain in con-trolling the dc link voltage constantly. However, these methods
did not take in consideration the current compensation, so sta-ble operation in the transition state and protect devices fromovercurrent cannot be achieved. Nonlinear-control methods
[18,19] provided good solutions to implement the control inte-grated circuit (IC) design effectively without using input volt-age sensor. However, the output voltage regulation will be
affected due to lack of input voltage information.In this paper, boost PFC converter is used to drive LED
lamps from universal AC supply due to its advantages such
as [20–22]: (a) simple structure; (b) the input inductor can sup-press the surging input current; and (c) the power switch isnon-floating, so it is easy to design the driver circuit. An algo-rithm of PFC control is proposed without using line voltage
sensor. The input voltage is estimated using the sensedinductor current and output voltage, which make the proposedmethod more simple and reliable than other methods. Also, a
Figure 2 Boost PFC based on hysteresis current mode control for LED lamp driver.
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor correction converter for LED lamp driver 645
zero-crossing detector is used to make the proposed methodmore accurate than other methods when using distorated sup-
ply voltage. The input current has a sinusoidal waveform.
2. PFC control for LED lamp
Fig. 2 illustrates the boost PFC converter based on hysteresiscurrent mode control for LED lamp driver. In the outer volt-age loop, the error between the sensed output voltage and the
voltage reference is the input of the proportional-integral (PI)voltage controller. The output of this PI controller is the scal-ing factor for the rectified voltage (vcontrol). The product of thescaling factor and the rectified voltage divided by the square of
the root mean square (RMS) of input voltage is the referencecurrent, iref as in Eq. (1). The inner current loop implementshysteresis current mode control to force the inductor current
to follow the reference current [23].
iref ¼vcontrol � VinðtÞ
V2rms
ð1Þ
The principle of hysteresis control is controlling the switches tobe on or off as necessary to force the inductor current wave-form to follow the sinusoidal reference within a given hystere-
sis band [24].
In boost PFC converter based on hysteresis current modecontrol, the inductor current is continuously compared with
the reference current waveform to make the inductor currentalways within the upper and lower band. The error signal be-tween the inductor and reference currents is fed to a hysteresiscomparator. When the actual inductor current (il) goes above
the reference current (iref) by the hysteresis band comparator,the current ramp goes down by changing the comparator stateto make the boost converter switch to be off. When the actual
current goes below the reference current by the hysteresis bandcomparator, the current ramp goes up by changing the com-parator state again to make the boost converter switch to be
on [24,25].During operation of a boost converter in CCM, the induc-
tor current (il) never becomes zero during a commutation
cycle.
3. Proposed PFC control technique
This technique proposes a PFC control without using line volt-age sensor to achieve a near unity PF for single phase rectifier.
In boost PFC, shown in Fig. 2, the line voltage is sensedthen rectified using absolute unit to the rectified voltage, Vin(t),
0.3 0.305 0.31 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.34-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt. Vs (V) is*200(Amp.)
Figure 4 Input voltage and current for ideal supply voltage.
0.3 0.305 0.31 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.34-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time in Sec.
Inpu
t Cur
rent
in A
mp.
Figure 5 Input current waveform.
646 M.S. Abd El-Moniem et al.
that is one of the inputs to the multiplier to have the referencecurrent (iref) as in Eq. (1). In the proposed PFC, the rectifiedvoltage can be estimated without using line voltage sensor
depending on the sensed inductor current and output voltageas follows:
The boost converter assumes two distinct states [23,26]:
The on-state, in which the switch (S) in Fig. 2, is closed, andthen, there is a constant increase in the inductor current.
So the estimated input voltage cVinðtÞ can be obtained as:
cVinðtÞ ¼ Ldildt
ð2Þ
The off-state, in which the switch (S) in Fig. 2, is made openand the inductor current now flows through the diode D, the
capacitor C, and the load (LED string). In this state, the en-ergy that has been accumulated in the inductor transferredto the capacitor and LED String.
So the estimated input voltage cVinðtÞ can be obtained as:
cVinðtÞ ¼ Vo þ Ldildt
ð3Þ
After that, the estimated input voltage is fed to a zero-crossing
detector, and the output of this detector is fed to sine wavelook up table which provide a rectified input voltage with aunity amplitude. The proposed control method without usingline voltage sensor is shown in Fig. 3.
The zero-crossing detector is used with the proposed con-trol method in order to achieve a good performance under dis-torted supply voltage. While the supply voltage has a
distortion waveform, the zero-crossing detector does not af-fected with the shape of supply voltage waveform, so a sinewave voltage waveform with unity amplitude can be achieved
even a non-sinusoidal supply voltage waveform is used, so thisapproach has a simple control compared with other methods.
4. Simulation results
The control algorithm of the proposed control method hasbeen developed and simulated using the MATLAB/SIMUL-
NK software. The simulation allows investigation of bothtransient and steady-state operations for the proposed methodwhich can also show the reducing in supply current harmonicdistortion. The system parameters are reported in Appendix A.
Figure 3 Proposed control method
The steady-state supply voltage (Vs) and the supply current
(is) waveforms are shown in Fig. 4. It is clear that the inputcurrent is in phase with the input voltage for boost PFC con-verter without using line voltage sensor.
The steady-state simulation results of input current and its
harmonic spectrum for hysteresis current control method are
without using line voltage sensor.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
102030
40506070
8090100110
Harmonic order
Mag
(% o
f Fun
dam
enta
l)
THD= 3.83%PF=0.9992
Figure 6 Harmonics spectrum of supply current.
0.3 0.305 0.31 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.340
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time in Sec.
Rec
tifie
d Vo
ltage
and
Cur
rent
. Vin(V)
iref*2(Amp.)il*2(Amp.)
Figure 7 Rectified voltage, rectified current and reference
current.
0.3 0.305 0.31 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.34-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vs(V) is*100(Amp.)
Figure 9 Input voltage and current for distorted supply voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge in
Vol
t.
Figure 10 Variation in supply voltage due to «25% step change
in the input voltage.
0.3 0.305 0.31 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.340
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time in Sec.
Out
put V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vo(V)
Io*16(Amp.)
Figure 8 Load voltage and current.
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor correction converter for LED lamp driver 647
shown in Figs 5 and 6, respectively. From these results, it is
clear that the input current is nearly sinusoidal, and its totalharmonic distortion is very low, 3.83%, and the PF is 0.9992.
The rectified voltage (Vin), the rectified current (il), and thereference current (iref) simulation waveforms are shown in
Fig. 7. Simulation shows clearly that the rectified current is al-ways very close to the reference current for proposed method.
The load voltage and current waveforms are shown inFig. 8, which illustrate the very small ripples in both of themthat do not have any effect on LEDs operation.
The steady-state supply voltage (Vs) and current (is) wave-forms for the proposed method under distorted input voltageare shown in Fig. 9. It is shown that the input current has a
sinusoidal waveform and being in phase with the input voltagewithout using line voltage sensor.
The simulation results of supply voltage and current due to
«25% step change in the input voltage for the proposed con-trol method, without using line voltage sensor, are shown inFigs. 10 and 11, respectively. It is clear that a sinusoidal inputcurrent waveform is maintained under the input voltage
changes.The simulation results of load voltage and current due to
«25% step change in the input voltage for the proposed meth-
od are shown in Figs. 12 and 13, respectively. As seen fromthese figures, the decrease in the input voltage makes anincrease in the line current and vice versa because the power
is constant. The change in load voltage and current due tothe change in the input voltage has a small duration (about0.05 s), and then, the load voltage and current return to theirinitial steady-state values. Also, the error in load voltage due
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly C
urre
nt in
Am
p.
Figure 11 Variation in supply current due to «25% step change
in the input voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.357
58
59
60
61
62
63
Time in Sec.
Out
put V
oltg
e in
Vol
t.
Figure 12 Variation in load voltage due to «25% step change in
the input voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.30.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Time in Sec.
Out
put C
urre
nt in
Am
p.
Figure 13 Variation in load current due to «25% step change in
the input voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Time in Sec.
Erro
r in
Volt.
Figure 14 Error in load voltage due to «25% step change in the
input voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time in Sec.
Out
put V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vref (V)
Io*20(Amp.)
Vo (V)
Figure 15 Variation in load voltage and current due to negative
and positive step change in reference voltage.
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time in Sec.
Erro
r in
Volt.
Figure 16 Error in load voltage due to negative and positive step
change in reference voltage.
648 M.S. Abd El-Moniem et al.
Figure 18 Experimental setup of PFC circuit for LED lamps.
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor correction converter for LED lamp driver 649
to «25% step change in input voltage is shown in Fig. 14which indicates that the proposed PFC control method has afast response.
The variation in load voltage and current due to negativeand positive step change in reference voltage (from 60 V to56 V) is shown in Fig. 15 without using line voltage sensor.
It is observed that the load current follows the load voltagewhich follows the desired reference voltage, so the dynamic re-sponses of load voltage and load current for negative and po-
sitive step change in reference voltage are fast. Also, the errorin load voltage due to negative and positive change in referencevoltage (from 60 V to 56 V) is shown in Fig. 16 which indicatesthe fast response for the proposed PFC control method under
these variations in reference voltage.
5. Experimental results
With the objective of evaluating the employed topology, a lab-oratory prototype is setup. The block diagram of the experi-mental setup and a real view of the complete control system
are shown in Figs. 17 and 18, respectively. The main compo-nents of the system which labeled as in Fig. 18 are listed in Ta-ble 1. The proposed PFC control is done on a digital signal
processor board (DS1104) plugged into a computer. The con-trol algorithm is executed by ‘‘Matlab/simulink,’’ and down-loaded to the board through host computer. The output of
the board is logic signal, which is fed to IGBT through driverand isolation circuits.
5.1. LED lamp driver without PFC circuit
The experimental results of supply voltage and the supply cur-rent waveforms in steady-state in case of using single phaserectifier without PFC circuit to drive the LED lamps are
shown in Fig. 19. It is illustrated from this figure that the high
Figure 17 Block diagram of the experim
distorted input current has peak value in short duration, and
there are voltage dips in the supply voltage due to the high va-lue of input current.
The experimental results of the harmonics spectrum of thesupply current and voltage are shown in Figs. 20 and 21,
respectively. It is observed that the supply current has a highTHD of 87.94% with a low PF of 0.75, and the supply voltagehas THD of 6.6% as using single phase rectifier without PFC
circuit to drive LED lamps.The experimental results of the load voltage and current
waveforms are shown in Fig. 22. It is observed that the load volt-
age and load current has a nearly DC value with a small ripples.
5.2. LED lamp driver with PFC circuit using proposed controltechnique
The steady-state experimental results of the supply voltage andsupply current for single phase rectifier with PFC circuit
ental setup of PFC for LED lamps.
Table 1
Label Component Label Component
PC Personal computer H Voltage and current transducers
I DSP interface circuit R Load (LED lamps)
B Base drive circuit C Capacitor
P.S. All other power suppliers L Inductor
P Variable AC power supply D Fast recovery diode
T Single phase full wave bridge rectifier S IGBT
2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vs [100V/div] i s [1Amp./div]
Figure 19 Supply voltage and current waveforms.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200102030405060708090100110
Harmonic order
Mag
(% o
f Fun
dam
enta
l)
THD =87.94%PF=0.75
Figure 20 Harmonics spectrum of supply current.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200102030405060708090100110
Harmonic orderM
ag (%
of F
unda
men
tal)
THD = 6.6%
Figure 21 Harmonics spectrum of supply voltage.
2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.080
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time in Sec.
Load
Vol
tage
and
Cur
rent
.
Vo [10V/div]
Io [0.5Amp./div]
Figure 22 Load voltage and current waveforms.
650 M.S. Abd El-Moniem et al.
without using line voltage sensor to drive LED lamps areshown in Fig. 23. It is shown that the supply current has anearly sinusoidal waveform, and it is in phase with the input
voltage.The experimental result of the harmonics spectrum of the
supply current is shown in Fig. 24. It is indicated that, with
using PFC circuit using proposed control technique, the inputcurrent has a low harmonic contents (THD) of 7.77% withhigh PF of 0.996.
The experimental results of the rectified current and refer-ence current under the steady-state for the proposed methodare shown in Fig. 25. It is observed that the rectified currentis very close to reference current.
The steady-state experimental results of the load voltageand current are shown in Fig. 26. It is clear that the load volt-
age and current has a DC value with very small ripples and theLED lamps do not affected with these ripples.
The experimental results of the variation in the load voltage
and load current due to negative step change in reference volt-age (from 60 V to 55 V) and positive step change in referencevoltage (from 60 V to 65 V) are shown in Fig. 27. It is shown
that the load voltage follows the desired reference voltage, andhence, the load current follows the load voltage.
The experimental results of supply voltage and current dueto «25% step change in the input voltage for the proposed
2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vs [100 V/div] i s [0.5Amp./div]
Figure 23 Supply voltage and current waveforms.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200102030405060708090100110
Harmonic order
Mag
(% o
f Fun
dam
enta
l) THD=7.77%PF=0.996
Figure 24 Harmonics spectrum of supply current.
2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.080
2
4
6
8
10
Time in Sec.
Cur
rent
in A
mp.
il [1 Amp./div] iref [1 Amp./div]
Figure 25 Rectified current and reference current waveforms.
2 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.080
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time in Sec.
Out
put V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vo [10V/div]
Io [0.6Amp./div]
Figure 26 Load voltage and current waveforms.
0 1 2 3 4 50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time in Sec.
Out
put V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
Vo [10V/div] Io[0.5 Amp./div]
Figure 27 Variation in load voltage and current due to negative
and positive step change in reference voltage.
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge in
Vol
t.
Figure 28 Variation in supply voltage due to «25% step change
in the input voltage.
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor correction converter for LED lamp driver 651
control method are shown in Figs. 28 and 29, respectively. It isclear that a sinusoidal input current waveform is maintained
under the change in supply voltage, which is illustrated inthe zoom of the variation in the supply voltage and current(from 0.95 to 1.2 s) under «25% step change in the supplyvoltage as shown in Fig. 30.
The experimental results of load voltage and current due to«25% step change in the input voltage for the proposed
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly C
urre
nt in
Am
p.
Figure 29 Variation in supply current due to «25% step change
in the input voltage.
0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in Sec.
Supp
ly V
olta
ge a
nd C
urre
nt.
i s [0.5Amp./div]Vs [100 V/div]
Figure 30 Zoom of the variation in supply voltage and current
due to «25% step change in the input voltage.
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time in Sec.
Load
Vol
tage
and
Cur
rent
.
Io [0.33Amp./div]
Vo [10V/div]
Vo(mean) [10V/div]
Figure 31 Variation in the load voltage and current due to
«25% step change in the input voltage.
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Time in Sec.
Erro
r in
Volt.
Figure 32 Error in load voltage due to «25% step change in the
input voltage.
652 M.S. Abd El-Moniem et al.
method are shown in Fig. 31. The change in load voltage and
current due to the change in the input voltage has a small dura-tion then the load voltage and current return to their initialsteady-state values. Also, the error in load voltage due to
«25% step change in input voltage is shown in Fig. 32 whichindicates that the proposed PFC control method has a fastresponse.
6. Conclusions
In this paper, a new control technique without using line volt-
age sensor to drive the LEDs current and produces high PFhas been presented. This technique is characterized by its sim-plicity and its reliability to estimate the rectifier voltage com-
pared with other PFC control algorithms. Also, a low costdigital controller can be used. The rectifier voltage is estimatedbased on sensed inductor current and output voltage. Simula-tion results showed that the boost PFC converter without
using line voltage sensor has a nearly sinusoidal input currentwith low THD and high PF. Also a nearly sinusoidal inputcurrent can be achieved under supply voltage distortion. Also
from these results, a better and accurate performance can beachieved due to use a zero-crossing detector. Better dynamicperformance for positive and negative change in the input
and reference voltages can be achieved. Performance of theproposed control technique was verified experimentally. Theexperimental results have approved that, the simulation resultswhich have been illustrated by using AC–DC converter with
PFC without using line voltage sensor to drive the LED lampshave a nearly sinusoidal input current waveform with lowTHD and high PF. Besides, a fast dynamic performance for
step change in the input and reference voltages can beachieved. So, these experimental results have assured that theproposed control technique is good. There are slight differ-
ences between the simulation and experimental results becausein simulation results the supply voltage has an ideal sine wave-form but, in experimental results supply voltage is not ideal
sine waveform. Also, the simulation results are done with sam-pling time 1e�5 s. But, the experimental results are done withdSPACE (DS1104) using sampling frequency 10 kHz (sam-pling time is 1e�4 s).
A single-stage voltage sensorless power factor correction converter for LED lamp driver 653
Appendix A
The simulation and the experimental results for the proposedmethod are taken with the following specifications:
Parameter Symbol Value
Supply nominal voltage Vs 220 Vrms
Line frequency F 50 Hz
Step down voltage transformer Tr 220:24 Vrms
Inductor L 3 mH
DC link capacitor C 3000 lFLEDs power Po 60 W
Load voltage Vo 60 Vdc
Load current Io 1 Adc
Load contains three parallel branches, each branch has 19 LEDs
and the current in each LED is 350 mA.
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