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Mobility andTransport
A short introduction to European Transport Policy
DG MOVE, Elisabeth Werner
Mobility andTransport
Transport is economically important both as:
i) individual sector and
ii) the foundation for economic growth across sectors…
Impact of transport (1/3)
Mobility andTransport
• traffic congestion costs €100bn or 1% of
EU's GDP annually
• 1 billion tons CO2 of GHG emissions
(€100-150bn) every year
• 26.000 lives lost every year and 135.000
seriously injured
Accruing to approx. 4% of GDP
10 million Europeans work in transport related jobs , Around half of transport workers are in land transport (road, rails and pipelines)
Sector employs older workers and male workers disproportionaly
Mobility andTransport
Higher Efficiency of the Transport System
DigitalisationDoor-to-door mobility, integrated logistics, new mobility services,
comprehensive travel informationConnected, Cooperative and
Automated Mobility
Price Signals
Internalization of external costs, user and polluter pay
Framework for road charging and electronic tolling systems
Multimodality
Multimodal integration, incentivize shift to lower emission modes
Rail freight corridors, combined transport
Alternative Energy for Transport
Production/Use
Incentives to innovate, effective solutions for all modes of transportRevision of legislation on fuels and
renewable energy
InfrastructureAvailability of infrastructure,
common standards and consumer information
EU/MS policy framework, financing, stakeholder platforms
Electromobility
Removing barriers (interoperability, real-time information)
Linking the transport and energy systems
Low and Zero-Emission Vehicles
Confidence
Trustworthy emissions testing and standards
New type approval framework, more stringent test procedure
StandardsPost-2020 standards for cars and
vansCertifying/monitoring heavy duty vehicle emissions, analytical work
on options for standards
Consumers
Consumer information through car labelling
Support through public procurement rules
Low emission mobility and Mobility packages
Mobility andTransport
1. To complete the TEN-T core network
2. To remove bottlenecks and build missing links
3. To upgrade and modernise infrastructure
4. For adequate project preparation and development of pipeline
5. To overcome urban mobility challenges
#investEUtransport
Why do we need to invest in transport infrastructure?
Mobility andTransport
The Key Elements Of TEN-T
• Multimodal aspects
• Ambitious standards for all infrastructures to reach interoperability and quality
• Corridors and coordinators for implementation
• More focus on innovation, alternative propulsion systems, harmonised and intelligent traffic management systems
• Sustainable transport solutions leading the process towards the achievement of the European Union's long-term transport policy objectives (meeting future mobility needs while ensuring resource efficiency and reducing carbon emissions)
Mobility andTransport
Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)
• The key EU funding instrument to promote growth, jobs and competitiveness through targeted infrastructure investment at European level.
• In addition to grants, the CEF offers financial support to projects through innovative financial instruments such as guarantees and project bonds.
• The CEF is divided into three sectors:
- CEF Energy
- CEF Telecom
- CEF Transport
Mobility andTransport
Road transport
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
Main challenges
1) Impact on the environment and climate:
• Responsible for almost a quarter of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions
• A source of high external costs (pollution, noise, congestion)
2) Source of social tension:
• High-mobile workers (drivers); Salary costs are significant for hauliers (30%)
• Companies establish in low-wage countries, while often operating in high-wage countries
• Issues of unfair competition and lack of respect of workers' rights
The Road Transport Sector
Mobility andTransport
ROAD TRANSPORT STRATEGY
A Well-Functioning Internal market • Fair Competition & Workers' rights
• Decarbonisation• Digital Technologies
Mobility andTransport
• Letterbox companies
• Cabotage• Light goods vehicles (LCVs)
• Hired Vehicles
Socially Fair and Competitive
Mobility
• Road Charging• Tolls versus Vignettes• Vehicles• External costs • Fighting congestion
Clean and Sustainable
Mobility• European Electronic Toll
Service (EETS):• Cross-border
enforcement• Technology• Access to market for
EETS service providers• Digital enforcement
Connected Mobility
Internal Market Social Rules
Mobility package I "Europe on the Move"
• Weekly rest • Posting of
workers • Working time
Mobility andTransport
Smart Road Charging: Common Principles
• Citizens shall not be unfairly treated on the basis of their nationality e.g. discriminatory road-pricing
• Charging should be based on the distance driven (tolls) rather than on time (vignettes). This will best reflect actual usage and pollution.
• Charges based on emissions performance will make it possible to reward the most environmentally-friendly vehicles.
• Electronic tolling systems will guarantee seamless mobility across Europe
Mobility andTransport
Road Safety
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
The Context
• The EU is the safest region in the world
• 25,300 fatalities were registered in 2017 – 300 fewer than in 2016 and 6,200 fewer than in 2010
• For every road death there are more than five people seriously injured
• Our strategic target is to reduce the number of road fatalities by 50% between 2010 and 2020, and close to zero by 2050
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
Mobility package III : Vehicles
Actions now
• Roadworthiness package to enter into force May 2018
• Updating the General Safety Regulation with new life-saving technologies
and in the future
• Cooperative, connected and automated mobility on EU roads
• Creating a regulatory framework for connected and automated driving
Mobility andTransport
People
Facts
• About 25% of all road fatalities in Europe are alcohol-related
• Speed is a main factor for around 30% of fatal accidents
Challenges
• Improving drivers' training
• Cracking down on traffic offences
• Raising awareness
Mobility andTransport
Mobility package III : Infrastructure
Facts
• Majority of fatal accidents occur on inter-urban roads (only 8% on motorways)
• 46% of road victims are vulnerable road users; their share is even higher in towns and cities
Challenges
• Strengthening rules on infrastructure safety
• Increasing safety beyond motorways
• Promoting safe and sustainable urban mobility
Mobility andTransport
Railways
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
Context
• Rail is critical to the EU strategy for improving economic and social cohesion and connectivity
• Railway perfectly fits EU decarbonisation strategy, being one of the more environmentally friendly transport modes
• The rail sector makes a substantial contribution to the EU economy, directly employing 900,000 people…
• …but rail also absorbs €35 bn in yearly subsidies, translating into cost of €80 per every European
Source: Fifth Report on Monitoring development of the Rail Market, COM(2016) 780 final (data 2014) ,Rail Transport and environment 2015 (UIC/CER)
Mobility andTransport
The rail market
Overall, passenger transport has been increasing since 1995, whereas freight is still recovering from 2009 crisis point
Source: Fifth Report on Monitoring development of the Rail Market, COM(2016) 780 final, data 2014
300320340360380400420440460
Rail transport volumes
Passengers (bil pax km) Freight (bil tonne-km)
1999 2004 2009 2014
83,1 83,6 83,6 83,3
6,9 6,6 7,1 7,510,0 9,8 9,4 9,2
Modal share - passengers
Buses/coaches Rail1999 2004 2009 2014
74,0 75,9 77,5 75,4
19,5 18,2 16,6 18,06,5 5,9 5,9 6,6
Modal share - freight
Inland Waterways Rail Road
…however modal share only slightly increased for passengers and remained stagnant for freight since 2004
Mobility andTransport
fully integrated State railways
monopolies
stagnating modal share
lack of market orientation
increasing costs and indebtedness
outdated technologies
Where we were… Where we want to be
high quality, customer oriented transport services
a level playing field
cost efficient operations, lower need for public funding
market driven innovationS
ing
le E
uro
pean
Rail
way A
rea
Competitive, attractive railways
Po
licy
act
ion
s
Challenges
Mobility andTransport
Rail Safety and Interoperability
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
ChallengesUse of different technical specifications for infrastructure:
• Different gauge widths
• Electrification standards
• Safety and signalling systems
Long and costly procedures & access barriers, caused by:
• national railway institutions
• Discrimination against new entrants
• Patchwork of national regulatory regimes and rules
Need for more standardised and simplified certification procedures
Mobility andTransport
European Union Agency For RailwaysMission : Making the railway system work better for society, and to contribute to the effective functioning of a Single European Railway Area without frontiers, in particular by:
• promoting a harmonised approach to railway safety, • devising the technical and legal framework to enable removing
technical barriers, and acting as the System Authority for the Single European Train Control and Communication System (ERTMS)
S2R – Shift2Rail Joint UndertakingShift2Rail Joint Undertaking is a PPP aimed at research and innovation investments in the rail sector;
The initiative aims to double the capacity of the European rail system and increase its reliability and service quality by 50%, all while halving life-cycle costs.
Mobility andTransport
EU Transportsuccess stories
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
Single aviation market
Where we are coming from Where we are now
A history of EU Aviation Policy
Mobility andTransport
EU aviation
Ensure highest and uniform level of safety;
Contribute to the proper functioning of the internal EU air transport market:
•Mutual trust, and
•Level playing field;
Promote cost efficiency for all actors (public and industry) in the internal aviation market;
Support a strong home market for the EU aeronautical industry.
Mobility andTransport
The EU Air Safety List
The EU Safety List is a list of airlines which the European Commission decided to subject to either a complete or a partial operating ban within the EU, for failure to adhere to the applicable international safety standards.
The list of airlines banned from operating in the EU has been steadily dropping.
Effectively, it contains 2 lists:
1. Airlines banned from operating in the EU
2. Airlines restricted from operating under certain conditions in the EU
Next step is to evaluate the EU Air Safety List Regulation
Mobility andTransport
Multimodal Travel Information
• Exists at local, regional and national levels but more developed and advanced in northern and western Europe.
• Not truly ‘multimodal’ for all parts of Europe and
• Seriously lacks integration with the ‘first and last mile’ information i.e. starting city and end city.
• Services at all levels are more focused on static information to plan the trip but less availability of travel information during the trip which is mainly found at city level (dynamic information)
Mobility andTransport
• EU-wide multimodal travel information servicesPriority Action (a)
Near to adoption
• EU-wide real-time traffic information services Priority Action (b)
Adopted
• Road safety related minimum universal traffic information free of charge to users
Priority Action (c)Adopted
• the Interoperable EU-wide eCallPriority Action (d)
Adopted
• Information services for safe and secure parking places for trucks and commercial vehicles
Priority Action (e)Adopted
Mobility andTransport
Passenger Rights
Mobility andTransport
Mobility andTransport
16-22 September every year (launched in 2002)
• Pan-European campaign culminating in Car-Free Day. • Aim: to encourage European municipalities to introduce and promote
sustainable transport. • 2017 theme: "Clean, shared and intelligent mobility"• 2526 cities from 50 countries in and outside of Europe participated • Each year, approximately 7500 permanent measures are taken
Mobility andTransport
Together on the Global StageEU, Member States and Industry Acting
• Promote regulatory convergence and European standards worldwide
• Support sustainable and efficient inter-connected transport networks
• Support the positions of European industry in overseas markets
• Undertake research to propose innovative solutions for safer, cleaner, and more competitive transport