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A short history… and some insight into the future of IT. Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205 Lyon, France http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie. Lyon. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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UMR 5205
A short history… and some insight into the future of IT
Lionel Brunie
National Institute of Applied Science (INSA)LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205
Lyon, France
http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie
PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 04/21/23 2
Lyon
PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 04/21/23 3
Laboratoire d ’InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d’Information –UMR CNRS 5205 (LIRIS)
~280 persons – ~100 permanent researchers and staff – ~180 PhD students
2 departments: Image processing Data-Knowledge-Services
DRIM team: Distributed processing and Retrieval of Multimedia Information
PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 04/21/23 4
Agenda
Back to (pre-)history
What has happened to IT ?
Visions for a new (IT) world ?
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A short history of computers and IT…
60 years ago…
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A short history of computers and IT…
20 years ago…
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A short history of computers and IT…
Today…
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A short history of computers and IT…
Today…
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A short history of computers and IT…
Tomorrow ?
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A short history of computers and IT… The Jaguar
224162 cores – Memory: 300 TB – Disk: 10 PB
AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops) Rmax = 1759 – Rpeak = 2331
Power: 6,950 MW
http://www.nccs.gov/jaguar/
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A short history of computers and IT… The LCG System Architecture
Tie
r-1
Tier-0
10 Gbps linksOptical Private Network
(to almost all sites)
Trigger and Data
Acquisition System
Tie
r-2
General Purpose/Academic/Research Network
From F. Malek – LCG FRance
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And in 2010, a (still) new paradigm: the Cloud
“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet”
Amazon, Google, Microsoft… even L’Oréal !
Everything as a service Infrastructure as a service Platform as a service Software as a service
Behind the scene: a grid
Do not worry, be happy: the cloud takes care of your all your digital activities
Issue: digital activity, digital life, life ?
For the first time in the history of mankind, some[body, thing] can know everything about your life: your professional data, your friends, the movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your political opinions, your mood…
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What has happened to IT ?
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Technological Evolutions
« Universal » identificationRFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC) – EPCGlobalNetwork – Object
Naming Service (ONS)IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
Large bandwidth communicationsOptical fiber3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMaxWiFi Direct
GeopositioningGPS/GalileoGSM
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Technological Evolutions (Cont’d)
Super computing Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar (224162 cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)): Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?)
Super storage Key: ~GB Disk: ~TB Data Center: ~PB
Micro-Nano technologies
Sensors – Sensor networks
Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop → smartphone
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Software Evolutions
Cloud computing
Social networks
Services - SOA
E-Services
Mobility (M-services)
Object Service / Service Object
All digital, any where, any time Era
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« Vision »: « Calm Technology »
« The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it »
[The objective of pervasive computing is to ] “ … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.”
“Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people.”
« A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background »
Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991-
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Vision (Cont’d)
[M. Satyanarayanan, 2001]Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with
computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes ‘a technology that disappears’ »
So:“Smart” spaces“Invisibility” and transparencyScalability
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Visions (Cont’d))
« I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… »
« I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time
« Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers
What about security/privacy ???
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The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system smart objects / smart everything active objects
« Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information
« Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment
« Ego » is part of the context
« Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize: autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…) spontaneously
Ecosystem
Visions (Summary)
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Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today)
Sensor networks (smart dust)
Home networks
Patient monitoring (personal area networks)
Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring
Museums and pervasive buildings
Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET
Alert management (parking, kids, etc.)
Supply chain
…
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Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe
Society and RFID
Personal data spaces
Web of things
Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O)The never lasting intelligent fridge ?Maintenance – Supply chain« Intelligent » sensors networks
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U-Society People to People (P2P): Facebook on your telefoninoPeople to Object (P2O): PachubeGeopositioned Services: App Store
Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ?
« Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ?
Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ?
Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe(Cont’d)
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Back to the « vision »: the Cloud
An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961))
A supposed to be user centered vision managing a computer is exhausting the user does not care about the system components: the user just
want his problem to be solved eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management allow the user benefit from economies of scale
A business vision a small set of computing power providers a global market an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ? for the best of the big companies
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What IT world do you want to build ?