A Seminar onA Seminar on

ELECTRONIC EYEELECTRONIC EYE

SubmittedSubmitted ByBy::Soumya ranjan paridaSoumya ranjan parida

Branch:-E.T.CBranch:-E.T.C

Regdno:-0501222098Regdno:-0501222098

CONTENTSCONTENTS INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION WORKING PRINCIPLEWORKING PRINCIPLE BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS OBSERVATION&ANALYSISOBSERVATION&ANALYSIS FUTURE SCOPEFUTURE SCOPE APPLICATIONAPPLICATION CON CLUSIONCON CLUSION

IntroductionIntroduction

Electronic eye has much use in this electronic age. Electronic eye has much use in this electronic age. Also known as magic eye. It can be used as an Also known as magic eye. It can be used as an

automatic guest indicator at the door, if fixed at the automatic guest indicator at the door, if fixed at the bottom of the door entrance. Once it is installed at bottom of the door entrance. Once it is installed at the door there is no need to install a call bell. It can the door there is no need to install a call bell. It can

also be used at homes or in banks as a burglar also be used at homes or in banks as a burglar

alarm.alarm.

WORKING PRINCIPLEWORKING PRINCIPLE

principle of working mainly depends principle of working mainly depends on theon the

LDRLDR LDR is a device which has a LDR is a device which has a

resistance which varies according to resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its the amount of light falling on its surfacesurface

BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM

Electronic eyeElectronic eye structurestructure

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

ResistorsResistors : R1 - 270K : R1 - 270K R2 - 12KR2 - 12K

R3 - LDRR3 - LDR CapacitorCapacitor : C1 - 0.02MFD : C1 - 0.02MFD Semiconductors : Q1 - BC547Semiconductors : Q1 - BC547 Q2 - BEL188Q2 - BEL188 Miscellaneous : 3V BatteryMiscellaneous : 3V Battery SpeakerSpeaker

LDR-Light dependent resistorLDR-Light dependent resistor

Transistor BC 547 - NPN typeTransistor BC 547 - NPN type

valence bands

conduction band band

band gap

Cadmium Sulphide

track

Transistor BEL 188 - PNP typeTransistor BEL 188 - PNP type

If The intensity of light is more the If The intensity of light is more the

resistance of the LDR is lessresistance of the LDR is less If The intensity of light is less the If The intensity of light is less the

resistance of the LDR is moreresistance of the LDR is more The two transistors BC547 and The two transistors BC547 and

BEL188 both working together as a BEL188 both working together as a complimentary pair direct coupled complimentary pair direct coupled amplifier. For oscillation of a circuit amplifier. For oscillation of a circuit feedback amplifier Transistor BEL188 feedback amplifier Transistor BEL188 is collector giving of 0.2MFD of 12K is collector giving of 0.2MFD of 12K resistor starts to pre transistor BC547. resistor starts to pre transistor BC547.

OBSERVATION&ANALYSISOBSERVATION&ANALYSIS

Electronic eye circuit works as light Electronic eye circuit works as light intensity indicator. intensity indicator.

Speaker will be activated.Speaker will be activated.

Transistor BEL-188 is used to Transistor BEL-188 is used to amplify the output signalamplify the output signal

Characteristics of BEL-188Characteristics of BEL-188Vceo(min) - 15vVceo(min) - 15v

Vcbo - 25vVcbo - 25vVebo - 5vVebo - 5vVceVce - 1v - 1vVVcecesatsat - 0.5v - 0.5v

FUTURE SCOPEFUTURE SCOPE

We can increase the range of this equipment We can increase the range of this equipment by using better sensor.by using better sensor.

We can use this as Remote Controller.We can use this as Remote Controller.

MERITSMERITS

Low costLow cost

Easy to constructEasy to construct

PortablePortable

Low power consumptionLow power consumption

Real time applicationsReal time applications

DEMERITSDEMERITS

It is difficult to work with this equipment if It is difficult to work with this equipment if there is no sufficient lighting conditions.there is no sufficient lighting conditions.

Unnecessary disturbances may occur while Unnecessary disturbances may occur while using in the Apartments using in the Apartments

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

It can be used as an automatic guest indicator at the It can be used as an automatic guest indicator at the door.door.

It can also be used in banks as a burglar alarm.It can also be used in banks as a burglar alarm.

Electronic Eye is a vital component in any Electronic Eye is a vital component in any electric circuit which is to be turned on and off electric circuit which is to be turned on and off - for example, solar powered garden lights, - for example, solar powered garden lights, and night security lighting.and night security lighting.

An Electronic Eye can even be used in a simple An Electronic Eye can even be used in a simple

remote control circuit using the backlight of aremote control circuit using the backlight of a mobile phone to turn on a devicemobile phone to turn on a device

Once it is installed at the door there is no need to Once it is installed at the door there is no need to install a call bell.install a call bell.

Only 3V DC power supply is required for operating Only 3V DC power supply is required for operating the circuit.the circuit.

conclusionconclusion

Therefore we have reached the Therefore we have reached the epilogue of this project and we have epilogue of this project and we have worked on this project because this worked on this project because this provides many real time applications provides many real time applications

So, it can be used in many security So, it can be used in many security applicationsapplications

Thus this Electronic Eye can detect the Thus this Electronic Eye can detect the light intensity by using LDR(Light light intensity by using LDR(Light Dependent Resistor Dependent Resistor