A Search for a Correlation Between Mass Segregation and

MagnitudeNick DiPreta

Goals

• To measure properties of star clusters• To learn more about celestial analytic

techniques• To look for a correlation between metalicity

and mass segregation in star clustershttp://www.dpreview.com/news/9910/99102101superccd.asp>.

Star Clusters• Held together by gravity (Batinelli,1991) • All same age, composition, and distance

from earth• 2 Types

<http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/images/stellarevolution/pleiadesuks018c.jpg>.

HR Diagram• observation

and stellar evolution

• From observations other facts can be derived.

• <http://www.bramboroson.com/astro/images/hrdiagram.jpg>.

Spectroscopy• Used to study properties of a star ex:

metalicity• Spectroscope-makes graph of intensity

<http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>.

• http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html>. http://www.astro.washington.edu/users/premap/images/project_images/solar_spectrum.jpg

Metalicity

• “metals” besides hydrogen and helium are looked for

• older star, several heavier elements

Heavy element cluster

Photometry• Luminosity• CCD imager- longer exposures better images• filters• APT- image J

http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>.http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>.

Image Stacking• Spectrograph/CCD create image• Stacking images increases quality• Photoshop/MaxIm DL http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>.

Astroimaging/Preprocessing

• Darks• Bias• Flats• Signal to noise ratio

Mass Segregation

• Distributed by equipartition to a roughly equal kinetic state

• Kinetic energy exchange by two members of a star cluster

Prim’s Algorithm

• Allows us to calculate the MST or Minimum Spanning Tree

Wikipedia.org/wiki/minimumspanningtree

Using The Minimum Spanning Tree to Trace Mass Segregation

In 2009, Richard J. Allsion found a way to quantify mass segregation .

Literature

Bruce Elmegreen et Al. 2002

Mass segregation patterns were investigated.

Claimed that more segregation occurred in areas with greater gravity.

Observations and Theory of Star Cluster Formation

• D. Raboud et Al., 1997

• Claims that other factors such as age and primordial protoplanetary disk composition may be directly responsible for mass segregation

Candidate Clusters• Pleiades- M45• Beehive Cluster- M44• Perseus Double Cluster-NGC

869 884 • The Butterfly Cluster or M6• M34• M35• M47• M46• Jewel Box Cluster- NGC 4755• Ptolemy Cluster- M7

MethodologyCandidates Clusters

Images obtained using CCD imager.

Images processed and sharpened using MaxIm DL

MST calculated using Prim algorithm

Mass Segregation Formula by Richard J Allison

Pearson function will be used to search for correlation between Metalicity and Mass Segregation

Spectroscopy performed using Spectroscope

Trigonometry functions used to find distance between stars

Do-Ability

• Materials are readily available – Computer– CCD imager– DSS7 spectrograph– Telescope

Bibliography• " Australia Telescope Outreach and Education., “Pleiades“, 15 May 2009 <http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/images/stellarevolution/pleiadesuks018c.jpg>. Archinal, Brent A. Star clusters. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 2003. Pgs 3-6 • A Shot in the Dark: Astrophotography by Kirk M. Rogers. 15 May 2009 <http://www.kiroastro.com/images/perspective/earth2.jpg>.

• Back off Man, I'm a Scientist: Personal Life of., "HR Diagram." 15 May 2009 <http://www.bramboroson.com/astro/images/hrdiagram.jpg>.

• Battinelli P., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R. (1991), Formation and evolutionary properties of the Galactic open cluster system, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 249, p. 76–83

BIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group, DSS 7 Picture , 14 May 2009 <http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>.

• The Chandra X-ray Observatory Center . "Stellar Evolution." . Gateway to the Universe of X-ray Astronomy! 15 May 2009 <http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/sn2006gy/sn2006gy_newline.jpg>.

• Cowie, Lennox L., and ET AL. "New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution From Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields." Astronomical Journal V.112 (1996): 839. ADS HARVARD. ABSTRACT SERVICE.

• The Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, "Globular Clusters.“ 15 May 2009 http://astro.uchicago.edu/~grodnick/gallery/iotw/m2.jpg

• Digital Camera Reviews and News: Digital Photography Review: Forums, Glossary, "More on the Fuji "Super CCD": Digital Photography Review." 15 May 2009 http://www.dpreview.com/news/9910/99102101superccd.asp

• Gilliand, Ronald L., and ET AL. "Time-resolved CCD photometry of an ensemble of stars in the open cluster M67." Astronomical Journal (1991): 541-61.

• Hamilton, Calvin J. "The Solar System." Views of the Solar System. May 1995. 08 May 2009 <http://www.solarviews.com/eng/solarsys.htm>. • Helios Home Page., Helios Nebula, 15 May 2009 <http://helios.augustana.edu/astronomy/mel-peterson/horse-1520.jpg>.

• Hester, Jeff, David Burstein, George Blumenthal, Ronald Greeley, Bradford Smith, Howard Voss, and Gary Wegner. 21st Century Astronomy, Second Edition. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.

• Ipac, Spitzer , Milky Way photograph,. "Milky Way Galaxy." IPAC. 15 May 2009 <http://ipac.jpl.nasa.gov/media_images/sig05-010.jpg>.

• Kent, Montegomery A. "CCD photometry of the old open cluster M67." Astronomical Journal (1993): 181-219. 4 May 2009 http://http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993AJ....106..181M.

• Kulesa, Craig. "What is Spectroscopy?" 15 May 2009 <http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html>.

• Made-in-China.com China manufacturer directory, China products, China suppliers, China trade, China factory, “CCD IMAGER." . 15 May 2009

• MAP SHARING - Share your map - All maps of the world., Map of the Solar System, 15 May 2009 <http://www.mapsharing.org/MS-maps/map-pages-space-map/images-solar-system/6-solar-system-map.jpg>.

• Martinez, P., and Klotz, A., 1997, A Practical Guide to CCD Astronomy, Cambridge University Press.

• Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, "AGN." 15 May 2009 http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/vlbi/ckp08/images/AGN/agn04.jpg

• Seeds, Michael A. Foundations of astronomy. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005.

• Taplur, Jon. "A Guide to GLOBULAR CLUSTERS." Keele University Astrophysics Group. July 1997. Keele University. 08 May 2009

• Teleskop-Service Din guide till universum - 0301-429 72, "Filters." 15 May 2009 <http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>. • Van den bherg, Sydney. "Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Nebula." Astrophysical Journal Supplement 19 (1969): 145

• Welcome to Grays Harbor College, Milky Way, 15 May 2009 <http://ghc.ctc.edu/catalog/images/astronomy.jpg>

• , Zephyr, Cats Eye Nebula , May 13 2009, http://www.aero.iitb.ac.in/home/zephyr/images/workshops/astronomy%20picture%20of%20the%20day-2004.03.05.jpg