A review of the Chinese Diglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

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A review of the Chinese DiglyphusWalker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)Chao-Dong Zhu a , John Lasalle b & Da-Wei Huang c da Chinese Academy of Sciences , Institute of Zoology ,Beijing , 100080 , P. R. Chinab Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park ,Unit of Parasitoid Systematics, CABI Biosciences UK Centre(Ascot) , Ascot, Berks , SL5 7PY , UKc Institute of Zoology , Beijing , 100080 , P. R. Chinad Chinese Academy of Sciences , Institute of Zoology ,Beijing , 100080 , PR. China E-mail:Published online: 05 Jan 2012.

To cite this article: Chao-Dong Zhu , John Lasalle & Da-Wei Huang (2000) A review of theChinese Diglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Oriental Insects, 34:1, 263-288, DOI:10.1080/00305316.2000.10417266

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Oriental Insects, Vol. 34: 263-288, 2000.

A REVIEW OF THE CHINESE DIGLYPHUS WALKER(HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

CHAO-DONG ZHUInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing, 100080, P. R. ChinaJOHN LaSALLE

Unit ofParasitoid Systematics, CABI Biosciences UK Centre (Ascot),Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park,

Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UKDA-WEI HUANG*

Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, 100080, P. R. China

ABSTRACT. This paper treats Chinese species of genus Diglyphus Walker, 1844. Fourteen species are treated, including D. isaea (Walker). Six species are described as new: D.albinervis, D. albitibiae, D. bimaculatus, D. gibbus, D. inflatus, D. metallicus; seven speciesare newly recorded in China: D. albiscapus Erdos, D. begini (Ashmead), D. crassinervisErdos, D. minoeus (Walker); D. pachyneurus Graham, D. pulchripes (Crawford), D. pustenzisErdos & Novicky. Species are mainly parasitoids of leafmining Agromyzidae, including theeconomically important genus Liriomyza.

Key Words: Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Eulophinae, Diglyphus, Liriomyza, Agromyzidae, new species, new records, Oriental Region, China.

Introduction

Diglyphus Walker, 1844 is a moderate sized genus of the subfamily Eulophinae, which has been recorded from Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical,Oriental, and Palearctic regions (Noyes, 1998). It appears to be a mainlyHolarctic genus, although several species have been intentionally or inadvertently introduced into more tropical regions (Boucek, 1988). Species are almost exclusively parasitoids of leafmining Agromyzidae, although in a fewcases species are also known to attack other leafmining Diptera or Lepidoptera (Noyes, 1998). Due to their host preference, many are parasitoids ofeconomically important pests. Recent systematic studies of Chinese Eulophinae and investigations of parasitoids of Liriomyza leafminers revealed 14Chinese species in this genus.

Agromyzid leafminers cause damage to a wide variety of crops and flowers, with Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) being the most recent new agromyzidpest in China. Thus, the discovery and accurate identification of agromyzidparasitoids is very important to Chinese workers implementing biologicalcontrol against these pests. There are many cha1cidoid parasitoids of agromyzids; Noyes (1998) lists over 300 species of agromyzid parasitoids, andover 80 species that are known to attack various Liriomyza species. Within

• Correspondence: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100080, P.R. China. E-mail:[email protected]

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264 Oriental Insects Vol. 34

Asia, there are several regional reviews of leafminer parasitoids. Kamijo(1978) recorded chalcidoid parasitoids of Agromyzidae in Japan, and Konishi(1998) provided an illustrated key to Japanese parasitoids of Liriomyza trifoZii. Sheng et al. (1989) studied the parasitoid complex of Phytomyza horticoZa,among which are several species of Diglyphus. Sheng et al. (1999) also reported on chalcidoid parasitoids of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, but specifically mentioned only DigZyphus isaea. Due to the recent invasion of Southeast Asia by Liriomyza huidobrensis, recent reviews of leafminer parasitoidshave been published for Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (Rauf & Shepard,1999; Sivapragasam et al., 1999; Thang, 1999; Murphy & LaSalle, 1999).

Investigations of Chinese parasitoids of Agromyzidae revealed severalmore species of DigZyphus which appear to be economically important. Thus,tho purposes of this paper are: 1) to examine specimens reared out of pupaeor larvae of agromyzids as part of recent studies, and those kept in insectcollection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2) to describespecies new to science; 3) to record those newly found in China; 4) to providea key to Chinese species of this genus.

Morphological terminology follows that of Gibson (1997). Absolute measurements, in millimeters (mm) are used for the body and fore wing length.For all other dimensions, relative measurements are used. Unless indicatedotherwise, all examined specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOZ).

Key to Chinese genera related to Diglyphus

Note: Genera in this group have: 3 or more setae on the submarginal vein; 2 or3 funicular segments, the propleura separated posteriorly, the postmarginal vein atleast half as long as the stigmal vein, and usually longer; at least 2 pairs of setae onthe scutellum.

1. Funicle with 3 segments; stigmal vein elongate; scutellum fairly convex,with longitudinal grooves faint or indistinct; axillae only slightly advanced; thorax at scutellum about as high as broad; associated withgalls AuZogymnus Forster

Funicle with 2 segments; stigmal vein usually not elongate; scutellumwith longitudinal grooves very distinct; axillae moderately to stronglyadvanced; if axillae only slightly advanced, then the thorax at scutellum rather flat, broader than high; usually not associated withgalls. NOTE: some species of CirrospiZus are associated with galls .....2

2. Notauli incomplete or, when complete, then more superficial in posteriorpart than anterior part and curving posteriorly to meet axillae almostat anterior angles ofthe latter DigZyphus Walker

Notauli complete, straight or nearly so, and extending to the hind marginof the mesoscutum 3

3. Postmarginal vein about twice as long as stigmal vein; male scape en-larged DiauZinopsis Crawford

Postmarginal vein mostly equal to or shorter than stigmal vein; malescape rarely enlarged Cirrospilus Westwood

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2000 Zhu, LaSalle & Huang: On Diglyphus (Eulophidae) 265

The genus Zagrammosoma has been recorded from China with the description of Cirrospilus (Zagrammosoma) lutelineatus Liao (in Liao et al.,1987). However, this species properly belongs in Trichospilus as Trichospiluslutelineatus (Liao), comb. nov. Zagrammosoma is still not known to occur inChina.

Genus Diglyphus Walker, 1844

Diglyphus Walker, 1844: 409. Type species: Cirrospilus chabrias Walker, 1838b; designated by monotypy.

Diaulus Ashmead, 1904: 356-357, 372. Type species: Diaulus begini Ashmead, 1904,designated by monotypy; synonymized with Diglyphus by Peck, 1963: 102; Boucek&Askew, 1968: 69; Boucek, 1988:617.

Diaulinus Schulz, 1906: 146. New name for primary homonym: Diaulus; synonymizedwith Diglyphus by Peck, 1963: 102; Boucek & Askew, 1968: 69; Boucek, 1988: 617.

Cycloscapus Erdos & Novicky, 1951 (in Erdos, 1951): 180. Type species: Cycloscapuspusztensis Erdos & Novicky, 1951; designated by monotypy; synonymized with Diglyphus by Boucek, 1958: 171.

Generic diagnosis: Notauli generally faint, incomplete or, complete andcurving to anterior margin of axillae (Fig. 1); funicle 2-segmented; scutellumwith sub-parallel sublateral grooves; propleura not meeting posteromediallyand prosternum partly exposed (Fig. 3); body entirely or almost entirely metallic in coloration; submarginal vein bears more than 3 setae on dorsal surface, smoothly joining marginal vein via parastigma.

Diglyphus is part of a group of genera that appear to be related bothmorphologically and biologically. These genera all have two funicle segments(three in Aulogymnus and Dichatomus), the propleura separated posteriorly,and (usually) sub-parallel sublateral grooves present on scutellum. Palaearctic genera which belong in this group are Aulogymnus, Cirrospilus, Danuviella, Diaulinopsis, Dichatomus, Diglyphus and Zagrammosoma (Gauthier etal., 2000), however Danuviella, Dichatomus and Zagrammosoma are notknown from China. Most species are parasitoids of leafminers in various orders, however Aulogymnus, Dichatomus and a few species of Cirrospilus areassociated with galls.

Diglyphus is readily distinguished from other genera by having the notauli either incomplete, or complete and curving to meet the apex of the axilla(Fig. 1). In most other genera in this group, the notauli are straight and complete to the hind margin of the mesoscutum. From this group, only Zagrammosoma has similar notauli; however, it differs from Diglyphus by neverhaving metallic coloration and having the vertex distinctly vaulted above thelevel of the eye (Boucek, 1988, LaSalle, 1989). Hansson & LaSalle (1996) described a species of Cirrospilus, C. ambiguus, which also has notauli of thesame type as seen in Diglyphus and Zagrammosoma. At that time they discussed the difference between this species and Zagrammosoma, but did notdiscuss any possible relationship with Diglyphus. After coming across a newspecies from Tibet, described in this paper as Diglyphus bimaculatus, we realized that it is also difficult to distinguish some species of Cirrospilus fromDiglyphus, and that species such as C. ambiguus and D. bimaculatus mayform a grade between the two taxa.

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Regional reviews or keys for Diglyphus have been provided for the NorthAmerica (Gordh & Hendrickson, 1979) and Europe (Yefremova & Shrol,1996).

Biology: Ectoparasitoids of various leaf-mining flies (mainly Agromyzidae). Other hosts have been occasionally recorded in Curculionidae, Ephydridae, Gracillariidae, Lyonetiidae, Nepticulidae, Tephritidae, and Tortricidae.

Distribution: A total of 35 described species (including those in this paper), which are mainly Holarctic in distribution. Species are also known fromSouth America, India and South Asia, Africa and the Australian/Pacific, although the presence of species in the latter two regions may be due to introductions.

Key to the species of D ig lyp h us from China

1. Cubital vein curved basally towards anterior margin of wing; setae atbase of wing small, uniform, dense; speculum very narrow, even absent or if present then small and along anterior margin of wing;wings long and narrow 2

Cubital vein not distinctly curved basally, setae not so small and uniform; speculum generally present and extending posteriorly to cubitalvein (although sometimes small) .4

2. Scape white; all tibiae white; small speculum present just posterior toparastigma; known from male only (Figs. 43-44) .D. albitibiae, sp. nov.

Scape dark with metallic shine; all tibiae with dark markings; speculumcompletely absent 3

3. Tibia metallic with apex of hind tibia yellow; setae on wings dark (Figs.56-59) D. metallicus, sp. nov.

Tibia metallic with base and apical 1/5-1/6 yellow; setae on wings lighter(Figs. 20-24) D. isaea Walker

4. Wings with dark spot at parastigma and stigmal vein; entire dorsum ofthorax evenly covered with raised reticulation, dull (Figs. 1-6; 45-49).................................................................... .......D. bimaculatus, sp. nov.

Wings hyaline; dorsum of thorax generally shiny, scutellum with superfi-cial or engraved sculpture 5

5. Scape completely yellow and all tibiae completely yellow; at least fore andmiddle femora completely yellow 6

Either scape and/or tibiae with dark markings; femora usually with(rarely without) dark markings 8

6. Hind femur yellow; scutellum violet in contrast to green mesoscutum;wings may be lightly and evenly infumated (Figs. 35-38) ....................................................................D. pustenzis Erdos & Novicky

Hind femur with dark ring or spot in basal half; scutellum and mesoscu-tum eoncolorous; wing hyaline 7

7. Speculum very narrow; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein; setaeon disc posterior to marginal vein white; wing vein white; base of F1about as wide as pedicel (Figs. 39-42) D. albineruis,sp. nov.

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Speculum large; postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal vein; setae ondisc black; wing vein light brown to yellow; base of F1 wider thanpedicel (Figs. 7-10) D. albiscapus Erdos

8. Fore and middle tibia yellow; male with wing veins thickened (Figs. 29-30) D. pachyneurus Graham

Fore and middle tibia with at least basal dark markings 99. Base of scape white; wing veins in male swollen (Figs. 31-34) .

.......................................................................... D. pulchripes (Ashmead)Note. Here also would come D. poppoea (not yet known from China) which has

the base of scape white, the wing veins not swollen in the male, and thescutellum round and not longer than wide.

Scape entirely dark ", 1010. Dark markings on hind tibia reduced to a basal ring which is less than

0.25 the length of tibia 11Dark markings on hind tibia at least half the length of tibia 13

11. Male with scape swollen. Known from male only 12Male with scape normal (Figs. 11-14) D. begini (Ashmead)Note: Females for the species with swollen scapes in males are not known.

They would probably key here and may be indistinguishable from begini.12. Wing veins swollen; speculum very narrow, even absent (Figs. 52-55) ........

.................................................................................. D. inflatus, sp. nov.Wing veins normal; speculum large, with some scattered setae inside

(Figs. 50-51) D. gibbus, sp. nov.13. Speculum very small or absent; scutellum short, round, with a purplish

shine in contrast to dark metallic blue-black mesoscutum; male wingveins normal (Figs. 25-28) D. minoeus (Walker)

Speculum larger; scutellum longer, concolorous with mesoscutum, with-out violet shine; male wing veins swollen (Figs. 15-19) ......... D. crassinervis Erdos

1. Diglyphus albiscapus Erdos (Figs. 7-10)

Diglyphus albiscapus Erdos, 1951: 196. Lectotype designated by Thuroczy, 1992: 15I.

Specific diagnosis: Speculum large, generally extending posteriorly to cubital vein, closed on lower side; scape slightly flattened; postmarginal veinshorter than stigmal vein; setae on disc black; wing vein light brown to yellow; base of F1 wider than pedicel; scutellum with superficial reticulations,without violet shine; antenna brown except scape yellow; legs yellow, exceptall coxae and basal half of hind femur metallic green; notauli incomplete,parallel posteriorly; cubital vein straight at base; marginal vein normal inmale.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Sichuan: Pengshui, 5 females,11.VII.1989, 850m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Sichuan: Wulong, 1 female,4.VII.1989, HUANG Da-wei: CHINA: Liaoning: Shenyang, 2 females,12.VL1986, NIU Yu-zhi; CHINA: Yunnan: West Nujiang, 1 female, 9.V.1955,800m, B. Bobofu; CHINA: Fujian: Guadang, 1 female, VL1980, LIN Naiquan; CHINA: Hubei: Lichuan: Xingdoushan, 1 female, 25.VII.1989, 900m,HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hubei: Lichuan: Xingdoushan, 1 female,24.VII.1989, 850m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hubei: Xuan'en, 1 female,

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3.VIII.1989, 1000m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hubei: Hefeng, 1 female,30.VII.1989, 1200m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Shandong: 10 females,26.VII.1997, ex. Liriomyza trifolii, KANG Le.

Host range: Ectoparasitoids of various leaf-mining flies mainly in Agromyzidae. But also recorded from Ephydridae. Erdos (1956) stated that thisspecies is associated with Polygonum persicaria. Kamijo (1978) gave a list ofdipteran hosts including species in Agromyza, Hydrellia, Phytomyza. We havereared this species from Liriomyza trifolii.

Distribution: Palearctic Region.

Comments: Newly recorded from China.

2. Diglyph.us begini (Ashmead) (Figs. 11-14)

Diaulus begini Ashmead, 1904: 356. Transferred to Diaulinus by Crawford, 1912: 183; toDiglyphus by Peck, 1963: 102.

Specific diagnosis: Male with scape normal; hind tibia with short basalring of dark color which is less than 0.25 the length of tibia; antenna completely dark brown with scape metallic; scutellum with superficial reticulations, without violet shine; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly; cubitalvein straight at base; speculum large, generally extending posteriorly to cubital vein, closed on lower side; marginal vein normal; scape slightly flattened;all coxae, trochanter metallic green, all femora metallic green with apicesyellow.

Gordh & Hendrickson (1979) and LaSalle & Parrella (1991) regarded Diglyphus carlylei Girault a possible color variant of Diglyphus begini (Ashmead).

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Shaanxi: Huangling, 1 female,4.VI.1963, 1400m, MAO Jin-long; CHINA: Yunnan: Xiaguan Shi, 1 female,30.V.1955, 2050m, B. Bobofu; CHINA: Tibet: Gyaca, 1 female, VIII.1981,WANG Bao-hai; CHINA: Tibet: Zhanang, 1 female, 24.IX.1981, WANG Baohai; CHINA: Gansu: Lanzhou: Yuquan Mountains, 1 female, 9.IX.1973,1500m, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Qinghai: Dulan, 3 females, 10.VI.1997, ZHUChao-dong.

Host range: Ectoparasitoids of various flies in Agromyzidae. Occasionallyrecorded from Nepticulidae.

Distribution: Australian/Pacific, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic regions.

Comments: Newly recorded from China. Gordh & Hendrickson (1979)stated that, this species is numerically the most abundant species of the genus in Canada, and in the United States it appears more common in thewestern states. We have newly recorded this species mainly from North,Southwest, and Northwest of China. This species has previously been recorded from the Palaearctic Region by Heinz & Parrella (1990) and Hagvar etal. (1994).

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3. Diglyphus crassinervis Erdos (Figs. 15-19)

Diglyphus crassinueruis Erdos, 1958: 211. Lectotype designated by Thuroczy, 1992: 157.

Specific diagnosis: Notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly; cubital veinstraight at base; speculum large, with some scattered setae inside, closed onlower side; marginal vein normal; scape slightly flattened; scutellum withoutviolet shine; antenna dark brown with scape metallic; all coxae, trochanter,basal 2/3 of femora, tibiae except base or apical 1/4, tarsomere IV dark withmetallic shine; stated parts yellow. Male wing veins swollen.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Beijing: 1 female, 19.X.1972, YANGJi-kun; CHINA: Beijing: 1 female, 27.V.1984, ex. dipterous leaf-miners,HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Beijing: Changlingxiao, 1 female, 5.IX.1984,HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Beijing: Fengtai, 3 females, 27.IX.1983, HUANGDa-wei; CHINA: Beijing: Miaofeng Mountains, 1 female, 5.IX.1964, LIAODing-xi; CHINA: Beijing: Miaofeng Mountains, 1 female, 6.IX.1964, LIAODing-xi; CHINA: Beijing: Zhongguancun, 1 female, 12.IV.1997, ZHU Chaodong; CHINA: Beijing: Zhongguancun, 1 female, 20.IV.1997, ZHU Chaodong; CHINA: Beijing: Zhongguancun, 1 female, 25.IV.1997, ZHU Chaodong; CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 2 females, 13.VIII.1983, 1320 M, Mi Huashi; CHINA: Shanxi: Gujiao, 1 female, 14.VI.1990, 1700 M, HUANG Da-wei;CHINA: Shanxi: Pinglu, 1 female, 8.X.1989, ZHANG Qing-she; CHINA: NeiMongol: Hohhot, 1 female, 10.VIII.1984, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Nei Mongol:Xilin Gol, 1 female, VII. 1979, ex. Euxoa oberthuri Leech, WANG En-he;CHINA: Henan: Song Xian, 1 female, 18.VII.1996, XIAO Hui; CHINA: Hubei: Badong, 1 female, 12.VIII.1989, 1500m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hunan: 2 females, 29.VI.1987, 2000m; CHINA: Yunnan: Xiaguan, 3 females,30.V.1955, 2050m, B. Bobofu; CHINA: Yunnan: Fenyi, 1 female, 1.VI.1955,2000m, B. Bobofu; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang, 1 female, 24.VII.1984, 2750m,LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Yunnan: Jingdong, 1 female, 26.VIII.1957, LIAODing-xi; CHINA: Tibet: Gantuduoma, 1 female, 13.VIII.1982, HUANG Fusheng; CHINA: Tibet: Nagarza, 1 female, 30.VII.1978, 4300m, LI Fa-sheng;CHINA: Tibet: Yadong, 1 female, 1.VIII.1981, CHEN Tai-lu; CHINA: Tibet:Nyalam, 1 female, 21.V.1966, WANG Shu-yong; CHINA: Tibet: Qusum, 1 female, 27.VI.1997, 4100m, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Gansu: Lanzhou:Yuquan Mountains, 1 female, 19.IX.1972, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Gansu:Wuwei, 12 female, 16.IX.1973, 1450m, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Gansu: Wuwei, 2 females, 14.IX.1973, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Qinghai: Dulan, 3 females, 10.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Jianca, 2 females,14.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Xining, 1 female, 4.VI.1997,ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Xining, 1 female, 5.VI.1997, ZHU Chaodong; CHINA: Qinghai: Golmud, 1 female, 11.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Qinghai: Tongren, 2 females, 14.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA:Ningxia: Yingchuan, 1 female, 29.V.1982, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Xinjiang:Taxkor, 1 female, 8.VII.1965, LIAO Ding-xi.

Host range: Parasitoid of Phytomyza sp. [Agromyzidae].


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Comments: Newly recorded from China: CHINA: Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi,Nei Mongol, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai: Ningxia,Xinjiang.

4. Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Figs. 20-24)

Cirrospilus isaea Walker, 1838a: 385. Transferred to Asecodes by Dalla Torre, 1898: 46;to Solenotus by Ferriere, 1952: 176; to Diglyphus by Graham, 1959: 178.

Cirrospilus medidas Walker, 1838a 386. Synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Cirrospilus lycophron Walker, 1838b: 449. Synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Entedon gracilis Goureau, 1851: 159. Synonymized by Graham, 1963: 179.Diglyphus bisannulatus Forster, 1861: 38; Transferred to Asecodes by Dalla Torre, 1898,

46; synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Diglyphus ornatus Forster, 1861: 38. Transferred to Asecodes by Dalla Torre, 1898: 46;

synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Diglyphus clavicornis Walker, 1872: 126. Lectotype designated by Graham, 1979: 280;

synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Elachistus phytomyzae Rondani, 1877: 173. Lectotype designated by Boucek, 1974: 262;

synonymized by Boucek, 1974: 262.Solenotus viridis Thomson, 1878: 237. Lectotype designated by Hansson, 1991: 33; syn

onymized by Ferriera, 1952.Cirrospilus medidus Dalla Torre, 1898. Lapsus.

Specific diagnosis: All coxae, trochanter, basal 3/4 of femora, tibiae exceptbase or apical 1/5-1/6, tarsomere IV dark with metallic shine; cubital veinstrongly curved at base; speculum very narrow, even absent; marginal veinnormal; speculum absent; antenna dark brown with scape metallic; scutellumwith violet shine; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly; scape cylindrical.

This species is stated to be close to Diglyphus intermedius (Girault)(Gordh & Hendrickson, 1979, LaSalle & Parrella, 1991). Both species aresimilar in having densely setose fore wing basal cell, the postmarginal veinsubequal to stigmal vein in length, and scape entirely metallic. D. intermedius has the basal ring of dark metallic color on the hind tibia only extending0.25-0.35 the length of the tibia, and in isaea the ring covers the most length.This species is also similar to the Indian Diglyphus guptai (Subba Rao) andthe Madeiran Diglyphus eleanorae Graham, all of which have the basal veincurved at base and the speculum small or absent.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Beijing: Haidian: Zhongguancun, 1female, 14.VII.1957, MAO -Iin-long: CHINA: Beijing: Wofo Temple, 2 females,15.V.1961, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Beijing: Baihua Shan, 1 female,24.VIIL1963, 1910m, WANG Shu-yong; CHINA: Beijing: Miaofeng Shan, 14females, 6.IX.1964, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Beijing: Sanbao, 1 female,10.V.1973, SHI Yong-shan; CHINA: Beijing: Dongbei Wang, 2 females,29.V.1979, ex. pupae of Agromyza sp.; CHINA: Beijing: Xiaoxue He, 3 females, 1l.VL1979, ex. pupae of Agromyza sp.; CHINA: Beijing: Wofo Temple,2 females, 3.VL1984, HUANG Da-wei; Beijing Academy of Agriculture, 19females, 20.V.1984, ex. Agromyza sp., HUANG Da-wei; Beijing Academy ofAgriculture, 38 females, 27.V.1984, ex. Agromyza sp., HUANG Da-wei:CHINA: Beijing: Jushan Farm, 1 female, 13.VL1984, HUANG Da-wei;CHINA: Hebei: 1 female, 2.VII.1963, CHEN Tai-Iu; CHINA: Hebei: Xiaowutai Shan, 1 female, 16.VIII.1964, 1400-2700m, HAN Yan-heng; CHINA: He-

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bei: Xiaowutai Shan, 1 female, 16.VIII.1964, CHEN Tai-lu: CHINA: Hebei:Pingshan, 6 females, 27.VIII.1978, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Hebei: Laiyuan, 1female, 13.VI.1985, 1400-1600m, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Xinglong, 1female, 24.VI.1985, 2110m, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Xinglong, 4 females,27.VII.1985, 1600-1800m, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Xinglong, 8 females,27.VII.1985, 1800-1900m, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Xinglong, 4 females,27.VII.1985, 2110m, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 1 female,17.VIII.1985, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 1 female, 11.VIII.1985,MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 1 female, 12.VIII.1985, MI Hua-shi:CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 1 female, 8.IX.1985, MI Hua-shi; CHINA: Shanxi:Taiyuan, 1 female, 14.VI.1990, ZHANG Ke-she; Shanxi,Taiyuan, 1 female,1l.VI.1990, 770 M, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Nei Mongol: Xilin Gol, 2 females, VII. 1974, ex. Euxoa obthuri Leech, WANG En'he; CHINA: Nei Mongol: Huade, 1 female, 20.VIII.1980, HUANG Xu-chang; CHINA: Jilin: Gongzhu Ling, 4 females, 28.V.1956, CHEN Tai-Iu: CHINA: Jilin: Gongzhu Ling,15 females, 30.V.1956, CHEN Tai-lu: CHINA: Jilin: Gongzhu Ling, 5 females, 31.V.1956, CHEN Tai-lu: CHINA: Jilin: Gongzhu Ling, 1 female,25.V.1957, CHEN Tai-Iu; CHINA: Jilin: Changbai Shan, 1 female,26.VII.1990, 1900-2300 M, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Liaoning: Shenyang, 1female, 29.VII.1990, LIN Nai-quan; CHINA: Jilin: Changling, 1 female,31.VII.1990, HUANG Da-wei: CHINA: Liaoning: Xiongyue, 3 females,22.V.1962, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Liaoning: Qian Shan, 1 female, 25.V.1962,CHEN Tai-Iu; Liaoning, Shenyang, 3 females,31.V.1962, CHEN Tai-Iu;CHINA: Liaoning: Shenyang, 1 female, 18.VI.1986, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA:Fujian: Fuzhou, 2 females, 26.III.1956, ex. Agromyza sp., ZHAO Xiu-fu;CHINA: Fujian: Dazulan, 1 female, 5.V.1982, XU Jian-fei; CHINA: Shandong: Ya Shan, 3 females, 15.V.1964, WANG Zi-qing; CHINA: Shandong: YaShan, 2 females, 19.V.1964, WANG Zi-qing; CHINA: Henan: Luanchuan,Longyuwan, 1 female, 12.VII.1996, 1400m, XIAO Hui; CHINA: Hunan: Luxi,1 female, 19.VI.1988, 200-300m, YANG Long-long; CHINA: Hunan: Changsha, 2 females, 5.V.1982, HU Chang-fang; CHINA: Chongqing, Beibei, 4 females, 1981, CHEN Jun-hui; Chongqing, Beibei, 4 females, 1981; CHINA:Guangzhou: Shipai, 2 females, 1.1957; CHINA: Guangzhou: Shipai, 1 female,II.1957; CHINA: Sichuan: E'mei Shan: Jinding, 1 female, 24.V.1957, 3200 M,LU You-cai; CHINA: Sichuan: Ya'an: Sichuan College of Agriculture, 1 female, IV.1974; CHINA: Sichuan, Academy of Agriculture, 2 females,18.V.1979; CHINA: Sichuan: Miyi: Pucheng, 3 females, 25.III.1981.III.25;CHINA: Sichuan: Wanggong, 6 females, IV.1981; CHINA: Sichuan: Chengdu,1 female, 4.IV.1981, CHEN Jun-hui; CHINA: Sichuan: Chengdu, Academy ofAgriculture, 3 females, 7.V.1981, CHENJun-hui; CHINA: Sichuan: Yuechi, 3females, 13.V.1981; CHINA: Sichuan: Chengdu, 1 female, 28.IV.1982, CHENJun-hui; CHINA: Sichuan: Chengdu, 5 females, 28.IV.1981, CHEN Jun-hui:CHINA: Yunnan: Xiaguan, 19 females, 30.V.1955, 2050 M, Bobofu; CHINA:Yunnan: Fengyi, 2 females, 1.VI.1955, 2000m, Bobofu; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang, 1 female, 16.V.1974, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang, LongShan, 4 females, 21.V.1974, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Yunnan: Kunming, 1female, 27.V.1974, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang: Yuhu, 1 female,24.VII.1984, 2750 M, LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang, Ludian, 3

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females, 11.VIII.1984, 2300m, LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang:Xiaozhongdian, 1 female, LVIII. 1984, LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Yunnan:Kunming, ex. Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 17 females, 21.111.1997, KANGLe; 1 female, CHINA: Tibet: Rigaze, 24-26.VII.1981, CHEN Tai-lu; CHINA:Tibet: Zayu: Guyu, 25 females, 4.VIII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA:Shaanxi: Huangling, 1 female, 4.VI.1967, l400m, MAO -Iin-long; CHINA:Gansu: Wuwei, 6 females, 16.IX.1973, 1450m, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Gansu:Zhangye, 1 female, 22.VII.1976, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA: Gansu: Dangchang,1 female, 26.V.1981, CAO Qing; CHINA: Gansu: Lanzhou, 4 females,26.V.1981, CAO Qing; CHINA: Qinghai: DatongXian: Dongxia, 3 females,6.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Huangyuan, 1 female,9.VI.1997, 2380m, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Ping'an: Shibi, 1 female, 14.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Tongren, Bao'an, 1 female, 14.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Ningxia, Guyuan, 3 females,V.1982, XU Wen-zhong; CHINA: Ningxia Huizu, Yingchuan, 17 females,29.V.1982, LIAO Ding-xi; Ningxia Huizu , Yingnan, 5 females, 26.VI.1982,XU Wen-zhong; HOLLAND: (bought from) Koppert Company: 20 females.

Host range: Ectoparasitoids of various species in Agromyzidae. Someother hosts include Lyonetiidae and Tephritidae.

Distribution: Afrotropical, Australian/Pacific, Nearctic, Oriental, andPalearctic regions.

5. Diglyphus minoeus (Walker) (Figs. 25-28)

Cirrospilus minoeus Walker, 1838a: 385. Transferred to Elachertus by Walker, 1846: 68;to Asecodes by Morley, 1910: 57; to Diglyphus Graham, 1959: 178.

Cirrospilus abron Walker, 1838a: 385. Synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Eulophus amelon Walker, 1839: 179. Synonymized by Boucek & Askew, 1968: 70.Cirrospilus deldon Walker, 1839: 294. Transferred to Tetrastichus by Walker, 1848: 148;

to Asecodes by Morley, 1910: 57; synonymized by Boueek & Askew, 1968: 70.Cirrospilus myron Walker, 1839: 179. Transferred to Tetrastichus by Walker, 1848: 147;

transferred to Asecodes by Morley, 1910: 57; synonymized by Boueek & Askew,1968: 70.

Cirrospilus smilis Walker, 1839: 317. Transferred to Tetrastichus by Walker, 1848: 150;transferred to Asecodes by Morley, 1910: 57; synonymized by Boucek & Askew,1968: 70.

Specific diagnosis: Speculum very narrow, even absent; scutellum short,rounded, with a violet shine in contrast to dark metallic blue-black mesoscutum; male vein normal; legs with all coxae, trochanter, basal 2/3 of femora,tibiae except base or apical 1/4, tarsomere IV dark with metallic shine; legparts other than stated above yellow; scape slightly flattened; antenna darkbrown; cubital vein straight at base; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Beijing: Haidian: Institute of Zoology,2 females, 25.IV.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Beijing: East Valley, 1 female, 26.IV.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Hubei: Badong, 2 females,1l.VIII.1989, 1500m, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hunan, 3 females,29.VI.1987, 2000m; CHINA: Nei Mongol: Xilin Go Meng, 1 female, VII. 1979,ex. Euxoa oberthuri Leech, WANG En'he; CHINA: Sichuan, E'mei Shan, 1female, 19.VI.1979, CHEN Tai-lu: CHINA: Sichuan: Chengdu, 6 females,

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(Figs. 29-30)

4.IV.1981, CHEN Jun-hui; CHINA: Sichuan, Wanggong, 1 female,10.IV.1981; CHINA: Sichuan: Nanping: Jiuzai Gou, 1 female, 7.II.1983,2300m, WANG Shu-yong; CHINA: Sichuan: Wolong Balang Shan, 2 females,VIII.1983, 2500m, WANG Rui-qi; CHINA: Sichuan: Qincheng Shan, 2 female,20.X.1983, LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Chongqing, 1 female, 1981; CHINA:Yunnan: Lijiang, Yuhu, 3 females, 24.VII.1984, 2750m, LI Chang-fang;CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang: Diqing Zhou, 1 female, 7.VIII.1984, 2800m, LIChang-fang; CHINA: Yunnan: Lijiang: Ludian: Machang, 5 females,24.VIII.1984, 3200m, LI Chang-fang; CHINA: Tibet: Zogang, 1 female,2.VII.1976, ZHANG Xue-zhong; CHINA: Tibet: Zetang, 1 female, 4.VIII.1981,LI Xin-nian; CHINA: Tibet: Yadong, 1 female, 3.VI.1989, 950m, DENGCheng-yu; CHINA: Tibet: Zayu, 1 female, 19.VII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Tibet: Zayu: Guyu, 14 females, 4.VIII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Shaanxi: Lintong, 600m, 1 female, 4.IX.1973, LIAO Ding-xi; CHINA:Gansu: Min Xian, 3 females, 26.V.1981, Cao-qing; CHINA: Gansu:Zhengning, 1 female, 10.VI.1981, Cao-qing; CHINA: Gansu: Ganquan, 1 female, 10.VI.1981, Cao-qing; CHINA: Qinghai: Datong: Dongxia, 6 females,6.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Datong: Laoye Shan, 2 females, 6.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Huangyuan, 1 female,9.VI.1997, 2380m, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Qinghai: Tongren, 2 females,14.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong.

Host range: Ectoparasitoids of leaf-miners in Agromyzidae. Sometimesfrom Gracillariidae.

Distribution: Neotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic regions.

Comments: Newly recorded from CHINA: Beijing, Hubei, Hunan, NeiMongol, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai.

6. Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham

Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham, 1963: 176.

Specific diagnosis: Legs yellow except all coxae, basal half of hind femurmetallic green; male with wing veins thickened; antenna brown with basalhalf of scape yellow; scutellum with superficial reticulations, without violetshine; cubital vein straight at base; speculum large, with some scattered setae inside, closed on lower side; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.

Specimens examined: 1 female, P. R. CHINA: Xinjiang: Taxkorgan,28.VI.1965, LIAO Ding-xi.

Host range: Parasite of Agromyza salicifolii [Agromyzidae].


Comments: Newly recorded from CHINA: Xinjiang.

7. Diglyphus pulchripes (Crawford) (Figs. 31-34)

Diaulinus pulchripes Crawford, 1912: 184. Transferred to Solenotus by Peck, 1951: 429;to Diglyphus by Peck, 1963: 103.

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Specific diagnosis: Wing veins in male swollen; antenna dark brown withscape yellow basally; all coxae, trochanter, basal 2/3 of femora dark with metallic shine, tibiae with extensive weaker infuscation; cubital vein straight atbase; speculum narrow, with some scattered setae inside, closed on lowerside; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly; scutellum without violet shine.

Gordh & Hendrickson, (1979) described the male of this species, andfound it similar to the Palearctic species D. crassinervus Erdos. Males of bothspecies have enlarged marginal venation on fore and hind wing. LaSalle &Parrella (1991) considered D. pulchripes different from the other species ofDiglyphus in having basal cell of the fore wing not uniformly and densely setose, basal ring on hind tibia at least 0.5 the length of the tibia, scape whitebasally.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Beijing: Zhongguancun, 3 females,20.IV.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; Beijing Academy of Agriculture, 7 females,20.VI.1984, ex.: Phytomyza horticola Goureau, HUANG Da-wei; CHINA:Beijing Academy of Agriculture, 2 females, 27.V.1984, ex.: Phytomyza sp.,HUANG Da-wei; CHINA: Hebei: She Xian, 1 female, 8.V.1985, MI Hua-shi:1 female, CHINA: Hebei: Weichang, 13.VIII.1985, 1320m, MI Hua-shi.

Host range: Parasite of Agromyza parvicornis, Liriomyza melampyga, L.pictella, Phytobia posticata, Phytomyza aquilegiae, P. minuscula [Agromyzidae].

Distribution: China; Nearctic Region.


8. Diglyphus pusztensis (Erdos & Novicky) (Figs. 35-38)

Cycloscapus pusztensis Erdos & Novicky, 1951 (in Erdos, 1951): 181. Lectotype desig-nated by Thuroczy, 1992: 166; transferred to Diglyphus by Boucek, 1958: 171.

Diglyphus tibiscanus Erdos, 1958: 211. Synonymized by Graham, 1963: 179.Diglyphus fuluipes Erdos, 1961: 474. Synonymized by Graham, 1963: 179.

Specific diagnosis: Legs yellow except all coxae metallic green; scutellumwith violet shine; cubital vein straight at base; antenna brown with scapeyellow; speculum narrow, closed on lower side; marginal vein normal; scapeslightly flattened; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.

Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: Shandong: Yashan, 1 female,19.V.1964, WANG Zi-qing; CHINA: Xinjiang: Taxkor, 1 female, 28.VI.1965,LIAO Ding-xi.

Host range: Parasite of Agromyza albipennis, Phytomyza horticola, P.ranunculi [Agromyzidae].

Distribution: China; Palearctic Region.


9. Diglyphus albinervis, sp. nov. (Figs. 39-42)

Specific diagnosis: Speculum very narrow, closed on lower side; scape cylindrical; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein; setae on fore wing disc

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posterior to marginal vein white; wing vein white; base of F1 about as wideas pedicel; legs yellow, except all coxae, basal half of hind femur metallicgreen, tarsomere IV brown; scutellum without violet shine, concolorous withmesoscutum; cubital vein straight at base; marginal vein normal; antennadark brown with scape yellow; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.

Female: Body length 1.54 mm, fore wing length 1.54 mm.

Body metallic green. Eye reddish. Ocelli yellow. Antenna brown exceptscape yellow. Clypeus, and mandible brown. Setae yellow. Venation yellow.Legs yellow, except all coxae, basal 2/3 of hind femur metallic green, tarsomere IV brown. Gaster metallic green.

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eyes sparse. Occiput reticulate. Torulusplaced at lower eye margin. Scape cylindrical. Flagellum usually subequal inwidth. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 45, head length 13, head height 38, POL 12, OOL 5, eye length23, eye width 11, distance between eyes 21, malar space 11, mouth opening16, toruli to median ocellus 23, toruli to mouth margin 9, scape 19, pedicel 9,F1 8, F2 6, clava 16.

Pronoturn without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae, without scattered setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Axillae with tip anterior to scutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum shorter than mesoscutum,with straight sublateral grooves, with 2 pairs of setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Dorsellum smooth, with posterior margin rounded.Propodeum shorter than scutellum, medially distinctly longer than dorsellum, with very vague, isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Callus with 12setae. Median carina indistinct or absent. Plica absent. Relative measurements: thorax length 18, thorax width 14, pronotum 3.5, mesoscutum 10, scutellum 7, dorsellum 1.8, propodeum 3.

Fore wing hyaline. Cubital vein straight at base. Speculum large, closedon lower side. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements: forewing length 51, fore wing width 20, submarginal vein 30, costal cell 49,parastigma 21, marginal vein 47, postmarginal vein 24, stigmal vein 11.

Gaster subrotund, as long as thorax, broader than thorax. Apex of gasteracute. Relative measurements: gaster length 14, gaster width 12.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Q, P. R. CHINA: Nei Mongol, Hohhot, 8.VIII.1984, 1060m,LIAO Ding-xi.

Distribution: China: Nei Mongol.

10. Diglyphus albitibiae, sp. nov. (Figs. 43-44)

Specific diagnosis: Antenna brown with scape white; legs yellow, exceptall coxae, basal 2/5 of hind femur dark with metallic shine; cubital veinstrongly curved at base; speculum narrow, closed on lower side; marginal

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vein normal; scape slightly flattened; scutellum without violet shine; notauliincomplete, parallel posteriorly.

Male: Body length 1.35 mm, fore wing length 1.35 mm.

Body metallic green. Eye grey. Ocelli yellow. Antenna yellowish brownexcept scape yellow. Clypeus and mandible brown. Setae yellow. Venationyellow. Legs yellow, except all coxae metallic green, hind femur dark withmetallic shine basally. Gaster metallic green

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eye sparse. Occiput reticulate. Torulus placedabove lower eye margin. Scape flattened. Flagellum usually subequal inwidth. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 35, head length 15, head height 32, POL 8, OOL 6, eye length 15,eye width 9, distance between eyes 18, malar space 12, mouth opening 15,toruli to median ocellus 16, toruli to mouth margin 10, scape 21, pedicel 7, Fl9, F2 8, clava 20.

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli curved, parallelposteriorly. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae, without scatteredsetae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Axillae with tip anterior toscutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum shorter than mesoscutum, withstraight sublateral grooves, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Dorsellum with isodiametric, superficial reticulation, with posterior marginrounded. Propodeum shorter than scutellum, medially distinctly longer thandorsellum, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Callus with 9 setae.Median carina present, inverted T-shaped posteriorly. Plica absent. Relativemeasurements: thorax length 16, thorax width 12, pronotum 1.5, mesoscutum 7.5, scutellum 6, dorsellum 1.5, propodeum 2.5.

Fore wing hyaline. Setae on lower surface of costal cell in a line, presenton distal half only; those on upper surface present on distal half only. Cubitalvein curving anteriorly at base. Basal cell with one setal line parallel to submarginal vein. Speculum very narrow, even absent. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements: fore wing length 48, fore wing width 18, submarginal vein 31, costal cell 50, parastigma 14, marginal vein 41, postmarginal vein 12, stigmal vein 11.

Gaster subrotund, as broad as thorax. Apex of gaster acute. Tip of ovipositor sheath visible. Relative measurements: gaster length 22, gaster width9.5.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: a, P. R. CHINA: Xinjiang: Taxkor, 5.VII.1965, LIAO Ding-xi.

Distribution: China: Xinjiang.

11. Diglyphus bimaculatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-6; 45-49)

Specific diagnosis: Notauli complete and distinct, strongly curving posteriorly to meet with anterior tip of axillae; fore wing with infuscation aroundparastigma and stigmal vein; scutellum evenly covered with raised reticula-

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tions, dull, without violet shine; cubital vein straight at base; speculumlarge, closed on lower side; marginal vein normal; scape cylindrical; body metallic blue-green; antenna brown with scape yellow ventrally, dark dorsally;all coxae, femora except apical 1/4-1/5 part, tibiae except apical 1/5 part darkbrown with some shine; tarsi except fore tarsi, mid and hind tarsomere IVbrown; parts of legs other than stated above yellow.


Body metallic blue-green. Eye brown. Ocellus yellow. Antenna brown except scape yellow. Mandible brown. Setae yellow except those on fore wing,marginal fringe brown. Venation yellow. Legs metallic blue-green, exceptapex of femur, apex of mid and hind tibiae, tarsomere I-III yellow, fore tibiayellowish brown, tarsomere IV brown.

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eye sparse. Occiput reticulate. Torulus placedabove lower eye margin. Scape cylindricaL Flagellum becom.ing wider apically. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 38, head length 10, head height 33, POL 10, OOL 5, eye length24, eye width 11, distance between eyes 19, malar space 9, mouth opening 10,scape 18, pedicel 8, F1 7, F2 5, clava 18.

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli curved, stronglycurved inward medially, turning outside posteriorly, ending at inner anglesof axillae. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae, without scatteredsetae, with isodiametric, raised reticulation. Axillae with tip anterior to scutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum shorter than mesoscutum, with 2pairs of setae, with straight sublateral grooves, with isodiametric, superficialreticulation. Dorsellum with isodiametric, superficial reticulation, with posterior margin rounded. Propodeum shorter than scutellum, medially distinctly longer than dorsellum, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Callus with 5 setae. Median carina present, linear posteriorly. Plica absent.Relative measurements: thorax length 18, thorax width 11, pronotum 3.5,mesoscutum 7.5, scutellum 7, dorsellum 2, propodeum 2.5.

Fore wing with two infuscate spots respectively from around parastigmaand stigma to posterior margin. Setae on lower surface of costal cell in a line,all over the surface; those on upper surface present on distal half only. Submarginal vein with 5 setae on dorsal surface. Cubital vein straight at base.Basal cell with one setal line parallel to submarginal vein. Speculum largeunder parastigma and near basal vein, hairy in other parts, closed on lowerside. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements: fore wing length45, fore wing width 18, submarginal vein 30, costal cell 48, parastigma 13,marginal vein 38, postmarginal vein 9, stigmal vein 11.

Gaster subrotund, as broad as thorax. Apex of gaster acute. Longer ?cercal setae less than twice length of remaining. Tip of ovipositor sheath visible.Relative measurements: gaster length 20, gaster width 12.

Male: Unknown.

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Holotype: Q, P. R. CHINA: Tibet: Nedong, 24.VI.1997, 3650m, ZHUChao-dong.

Paratypes: CHINA: Tibet: Lhasa, 3 females, 21.VI.1997, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Tibet: Needing, Zetang, 1 female, 1997.VI.24, 3650m, ZHU Chaodong; CHINA: Tibet: Nang Xian, 1 female, 29.VI.1997.VI.29, 3100m, ZHUChao-dong; 1 female, CHINA: Tibet: Nang Xian, 1997.VI.30, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Tibet: Nang Xian: Tonga, 1 female, 2.VII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong;CHINA: Tibet: Mainling, 4 females, 2.VII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Tibet: Mainling: Jiake, 1 female, 2.VII.19972, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Tibet:Nyingchi: Bayi, 1 female, 1997.VII.5, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Tibet: Zayu,2 females, 4.VIII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong; CHINA: Tibet: Qamdo, 1 female,8.VIII.1997, ZHU Chao-dong.

Distribution: China: Tibet.

12. Diglyphus gibbus, sp. nov. (Figs. 50-51)

Specific diagnosis: Wing vein normal; speculum large, closed on lowerside; with some scattered setae inside; male scape swollen; cubital veinstraight at base; scutellum without violet shine; antenna dark brown withscape metallic; legs yellow, except all coxae, basal 2/3 of femora, subbasal 1/41/5 of mid and hind tibiae metallic green, tarsomere IV brown; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.


Body metallic green. Eye white. Ocelli yellow. Antenna brown exceptscape metallic green. Clypeus, and mandible brown. Setae yellow on headand callus. Venation yellow. Legs metallic green, except apical part of femuryellow, tibia yellow with brown patch basally, tarsi yellow tarsomere IVbrown. Gaster metallic green.

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eyes sparse. Occiput reticulate. Torulusplaced below lower eye margin. Scape swollen. Flagellum usually subequal inwidth. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 41, head length 15, head height 30, POL 11, OOL 8, eye length16, eye width 6, distance between eyes 25, malar space 14, mouth opening11. toruli to median ocellus 20, toruli to mouth margin 5, scape 28, pedicel 7,Fl 6, F2 4.5, clava 14.

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae, without scattered setae, with isodiametric, raised reticulation. Axillae with tip anterior to.scutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum as long as mesoscutum, withstraight sublateral grooves, with 2 pairs of setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Dorsellum with isodiametric, superficial reticulation, withposterior margin rounded. Propodeum shorter than scutellum, medially distinctly longer than dorsellum, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Callus with 9 setae. Median carina present. Plica absent. Relative measure-

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ments: thorax length 18, thorax width 15, pronotum 3, mesoscutum 7, scutellum 7, dorsellum 2, propodeum 3.

Fore wing hyaline. Setae on lower surface of costal cell in a line, presenton distal half only; those on upper surface present on distal half only. Submarginal vein with 6 setae on dorsal surface. Cubital vein straight at base.Basal cell with one setal line below submarginal vein. Speculum small, closedon lower side. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements: forewing length 40, fore wing width 18, submarginal vein 28, costal cell 38,parastigma 14, marginal vein 37, postmarginal vein 18, stigmal vein 11.

Gaster subrotund, longer than thorax, broader than thorax. Apex of gas-ter acute. Relative measurements: gaster length 21, gaster width 13.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: .s, P. R. CHINA: Xinjiang: Kashi, 26.VI.1965, LIAO Ding-xi.

Distribution: China: Xinjiang.

13. Diglyph.us inflatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 52-55)

Specific diagnosis: Marginal vein enlarged; speculum very narrow, evenabsent; scape swollen; antenna dark brown with scape metallic green; legsyellow, except all coxae, basal 2/3 offemora, subbasall/4-l/5 of mid and hindtibiae metallic green, tarsomere IV brown; cubital vein straight at base; scutellum without violet shine; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.


Body metallic green. Eye reddish. Ocelli yellow. Antenna brown exceptscape metallic green. Clypeus, and mandible brown. Setae yellow on headand callus. Venation yellow. Legs metallic green, except apical part of femuryellow, tibia yellow with brown patch basally, tarsi yellow except mid tarsomere III-IV and hind tarsomere IV brown. Gaster metallic green.

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eyes sparse. Occiput reticulate. Torulusplaced at lower eye margin. Scape swollen. Flagellum usually subequal inwidth. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 38, head length 12, head height 37, POL 11, OOL 6, eye length23, eye width 11, distance between eyes 17, malar space 14, mouth opening12. toruli to median ocellus 22, toruli to mouth margin 9, scape 24, pedicel 9,F1 6, F2 6, clava 16.

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae, without scattered setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Axillae with tip anterior to scutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum shorter than mesoscutum,with straight sublateral grooves, with 2 pairs of setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Dorsellum with isodiametric, superficial reticulation,with posterior margin rounded. Propodeum shorter than scutellum, mediallydistinctly longer than dorsellum, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation.Callus with 6 setae. Median carina indistinct. Plica absent. Relative meas-

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urements: thorax length 18, thorax width 12, pronotum 1.5, mesoscutum 8,scutellum 7, dorsellum 2, propodeum 3.

Fore wing hyaline. Setae on lower surface of costal cell in a line, presenton distal half only; those on upper surface present on distal half only. Submarginal vein with 6 setae on dorsal surface. Cubital vein straight at base.Basal cell bare below submarginal vein. Speculum small, closed on lowerside. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements: fore wing length42, fore wing width 18, submarginal vein 28, costal cell 42, parastigma 15,marginal vein 37, postmarginal vein 17, stigmal vein 14.

Gaster subrotund, longer than thorax, broader than thorax. Apex of gaster acute. Relative measurements: gaster length 28, gaster width 10.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: d', P. R. CHINA: Beijing: Haidian, Zhongguancun, Institute ofZoology, wheat field, 20.IV.1997, ZHU Chao-dong.

Distribution: China: Beijing.

14. Diglyphus metallicus, sp. nov. (Figs. 56-59)

Specific diagnosis: All coxae, trochanter, basal 7/9 of femora, tibiae exceptapex of hind one metallic green; setae on fore wing dark; cubital vein stronglycurved at base; speculum very narrow, even absent; marginal vein normal;scape slightly flattened; scutellum with violet shine; antenna dark brownwith scape metallic; notauli incomplete, parallel posteriorly.


Body metallic green. Eye grey. Ocelli yellow. Antenna brown except scapemetallic green. Clypeus and mandible brown. Setae dark brown except thoseon fore wing and marginal fringe brown, those on callus yellow. Venationyellow. Legs metallic bluish brown, except coxa and trochanter metallicgreen, apex of tibiae and femora yellow, tarsi brown with mid tarsomere I,hind tarsomere I-II yellow or yellowish brown.

Head wider than high. Vertex with isodiametric, engraved reticulation.Lower face reticulate. Setae on eye dense. Occiput reticulate. Torulus placedabove lower eye margin. Scape cylindrical. Flagellum usually subequal inwidth. Clava longer than each funicular segment. Relative measurements:head width 38, head length 13, head height 31, POL 8, OOL 7, eye length 22,eye width 11, distance between eyes 18, malar space 12, mouth opening 13,toruli to median ocellus 18, toruli to mouth margin 10, scape 18, pedicel 5, F15, F2 5, clava 17.

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulate. Notauli incomplete,curved, parallel posteriorly. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of setae,without scattered setae, with isodiametric, superficial reticulation. Axillaewith tip anterior to scutoscutellar suture, reticulate. Scutellum shorter thanmesoscutum, with straight sublateral grooves, with isodiametric, engravedreticulation. Dorsellum with isodiametric, superficial reticulation, with posterior margin rounded. Propodeum shorter than scutellum, medially dis-

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tinctly longer than dorsellum, smooth. Callus with 11 setae. Median carinapresent, linear posteriorly. Plica absent. Relative measurements: thoraxlength 15, thorax width 10, pronotum 2, mesoscutum 6.5, scutellum 6, dorsellum 1.5, propodeum 2.

Fore wing hyaline. Setae dark. Setae on lower surface of costal cell in aline, present on distal half only; those on upper surface present on distal halfonly. Cubital vein sinuate at base, curving outward under/near speculum.Basal cell with one setal line parallel to submarginal vein. Speculum verynarrow, even absent. Hind wing subacute apically. Relative measurements:fore wing length 43, fore wing width 14, submarginal vein 28, costal cell 38,parastigma 12, marginal vein 34, postmarginal vein 18, stigmal vein II.

Gaster subrotund, as broad as thorax. Apex of gaster acute. Tip of ovipositor sheath visible. Relative measurements: gaster length 16, gaster width9.

Male: unknown.

Holotype: Q, P. R. CHINA: Tibet: Nyingchi: Bayi, 5.VII.1997, ZHU Chaodong.

Paratypes: CHINA: Tibet: Zayu, Guyu, 2 females, 4.VIII.1997, ZHUChao-dong.

Distribution: China: Tibet.

Acknowledgments

The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation ofChina, (NSFC grant No. 39625004), partly supported by Special Project fromNational Science & Technology Commision (No.:96-005-01-12), SpecialProject for Supporting Young Scientists from the Chinese Academy ofSciences (STZ-1-03). Funding for JL to visit China was provided by the UKMinistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and by the United Nations Development Program (STAR/TOKTEN program).

We would like to thank Madam Gan Ya-lin, Li Shi-wen and Teacher LiWen-hao for guidance in preparing specimens for SEM photographs, Yu Yanfeng for taking photographs and preparing the plates, and Dr. Xiao Hui andMr. Zhang Yan-zhou for reading the draft of the manuscript and offering useful comments.

References

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YEFREMOVA, Z. A. SHROL, O. Y., 1996. Review of European eulophid wasps of the genusDiglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). (in Russian with English summary). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 75: 426-437.

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Figs. 1-6. Diglyphus bimaculatus, sp. nov.: 1, dorsal view of thorax; 2, lateral view of thorax; 3, ventral view of thorax; 4, ventral view of propodeum; 5,fore wing; 6, apex of hind tibia.

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286 Oriental Insects VoL 34

Figs. 7-10. Diglyphus albiscapus Erdos: 7, hind leg; 8, hind wing; 9, forewing; 10, antenna. Figs. 11-14. D. begini (Ashmead): 11, hind leg; 12, hindwing; 13, antenna; 14, fore wing. Figs. 15-19. D. crassinervis Erdos: 15, dorsalview of body; 16, antenna; 17, hind wing; 18, hind leg; 19, fore wing. Figs. 2024. D. isaea (Walker): 20, dorsal view of body; 21, hind leg; 22, fore wing; 23,antenna; 24, hind wing.

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2000 Zhu, LaSalle & Huang: On Diglyphus (Eulophidae)

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Figs. 25-28. Diglyphus minoeus (Walker): 25, fore wing; 26, hind leg; 27,antenna; 28, hind wing. Figs. 29-30. D. pachyneurus Graham: 29, antenna;30, hind leg. Figs. 31-34. Diglyphus pulchripes (Crawford): 31, fore wing; 32,hind leg; 33, antenna; 34, hind wing. Figs. 35-38. D. pusztensis (Erdos &Novicky): 35, fore wing; 36, antenna; 37, hind leg; 38, hind wing. Figs. 39-42.D. albinervis, sp. nov.: 39, fore wing; 40, antenna; 41, hind leg, 42, hind wing.Figs. 43-44. D. albitibiae, sp. nov.: 43, antenna; 44, hind leg.

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53

56

"-"

'iHlJt

_

;:: :::

50

-----:....57 58

Figs. 45-49. Diglyphus bimaculatus, sp. nov.: 45, dorsal view of body; 46,antenna; 47, fore wing; 48, hind leg; 49, hind wing. Figs. 50-51. D. gibbus, sp.nov.: 50, hind leg; 51, antenna. Figs. 52-55. D. inflatus, sp. nov.: 52, forewing; 53, antenna; 54, hind leg; 55, hind wing. Figs. 56-59. D. metallicus, sp.nov.: 56, antenna; 57, hind wing; 58, fore wing; 59, hind leg.

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Documents

A review of the Chinese Diglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)