A Research on Lean Safety Management for Campus Buildings

Department of Business Management

National Sun Yat-sen University

Master Thesis

A Research on Lean Safety Management

for Campus Buildings

the case of elementary schools in Kaohsiung

:

Yu-Chan Lin

Dr. Tsuang Kuo

103 5

May 2014

PDCA

ii

Abstract

In recent years, the campus architectural plans and designs of high

and elementary schools have been tending towards open and humanistic

styles. However, often due to personnel change, the relevant management

know-how for campus architecture management tasks can not be well

passed down. In addition, the new personnel on the job are led to face the

problem of reconstructing management system and spend a lot of time and

energy in groping and learning from the beginning.

This research attempts to apply TWI techniques to organize the

experiential knowledge of campus architectural management of the cases of

high and elementary schools in Kaohsiung. After that, a series of job

breakdown sheets will be created and used as a knowledge database for

campus architectural management tasks. These sheets can also provide

directions for the job training of new personnel.

Keywords: Knowledge Management; Case Studies; TWI

iv

......................................................................................... i

................................................................................................. ii

............................................................................................. iii

Abstract ................................................................ ............................ iv

..................................................................................................... v

................................................................................................... vii

.................................................................................................... ix

...................................................................................................... x

......................................................................... 1

........................................................................ 6

........................................................................ 10

................................................................... 12

....................................................................... 13

....................................................................... 15

...................................................................... 16

.......................................................................... 22

............................................................ 29

............................................... 31

TWI(training within industry) .......................................... 33

.................................................. 47

v

............................................................................. 58

....................................................... 59

3-3-1 ........................................................................... 69

3-3-2 .......................................................................... 73

3-3-3 .......................................................................... 84

............................................................................. 87

................................................................ 91

.............................................. 94

....................................................................... 114

....................................................................... 117

................................................................... 121

................................................................ 122

...................................................................................... 124

............................................................................................127

vi

1- 1

...................................................................................... 13

2- 1 .................................................... 18

2- 2 ............................................................................... 19

2- 3 ............................................. 28

2- 4 ...................43

2- 5 ...............................................44

2- 6 .......................................................45

2- 7

..................................................................................................... 47

2- 8 ................................................................ 50

2- 9 ................................................................ 51

2-10 ................................................................ 52~53

2-11 .................................................... 54

2-12 ........................................... 55

2-13 (

)............................................................................................. 56

3- 1 .......................................................................... 70

3- 2 ...................................................... 71

3- 3 ......................................................................... 73

3- 4 .............................................. 74

3- 5 ...................................................................75

vii

3- 6 ....................................................................... 78~79

3- 7 ....................................................................... 80

3- 8 ........................................................... 81

3- 9 ....................................................................... 83

3-10 ................................... 84

3-11 B ............................... 85

3-12 B ............................... 86

4- 1 ....................

4- 2

......................................................................................... 92

4- 3

............................................................................................. 94

4- 4 .................. 94~ 97

4- 5 .................. 99~101

4- 6 ..................102~104

4- 7 ......................105~107

4- 8 ..............................108~109

4- 9 ...................... 111

4-10 ..............................112~113

4-11 ...... 115

4-12 .......................................................................... 116

viii

1-1 p....................................................................................... 9

1-2 ...................................................................................... 14

2-1 (knowledge spiral)..................................................17

2-2 ........................................................ 19

2-3 ........................................................ 21

2-4 ....................................................................... 22

2-5 ............................................................. 23

2-6 ........................................................ 29

2-7 ................................................................................. 30

2-8 ................................................... 32

3-1 .................................................................................... 59

3-2.1 ().......................................................... 64

3-2.2 ().......................................................... 65

3-3.1 ().................................................. 66

3-3.2 ().................................................. 67

3-4 ...................................................................... 68

ix

......................................... 126

............................................. 128

......................... 130

...............................................................................................131~133

........................................................ 134

........................................................ 136

.......................................................................137~203

x

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(2013

1

2013

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1969 1991 131992 2001

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Talent

Jeffrey K. Liker

( David P. Meier

General Electric(Jack Welch)Jack20

(JACKStraight from the Gut

vitality curve

10%

7

1950

Jeffrey K. Liker

( David P. Meier Toyota Talent

P( 1-1)(People) P P

(People)

(People)

P( 1-1)(Philosophy)

(Process)

(People)

(Problems) P(People)

8

(People)

1-1 P

P.39

(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007

( just in time)

heijunka

Sustains and continuously

improves

Requires high

capability

Develops highly talented people

Creates a demanding

system

9

( human value stream)

( product value stream )

()

( human value stream)

10

(

)

11

(training within industry)

TWI

4

12

(1998)

13

1-2

14

Training Within Industry

15

TWI (training within industry for supervisors)

Peter Drucker 1965

knowledge

management

(von krogh ,1998)

(Parent et al.

2000)Nonaka(1994)

Nonaka,1994Nonaka and

Takeuchi,1995

16

Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995) SECI(Tacit )

(Explicit)

2-1(knowledge spiral)

Socialization

17

Externalization

Combination

Internalization

Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)(Tacit )

(Tacit )

CognitiveTechnicalCognitive

Technical

Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995) 2-1

2-1

: Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)

18

conscious objectified

automatic collective 2-2

: Spender (1996)

Spender (1996) 2-2

19

Bhatt(2000)

2-2Edvinsson and Malone1997Thomas Stewart1998

O'Dell and Grayson1998( knowledge management)

1999

2003

Hansen, Nohria, and Tiemey1999

codification strategy

Personalization StrategySlater and Narver

1995Slater and Narver1995

Hunt and Morgan1996Baker and Sinkula1999

20

Merali2001 2-3

Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)

Bhatt , 2002

2-4

21

(Charles Perrow)1967

2-5(Charles Perrow)

task varietytask analyzability

(Charles Perrow)

2-5

task variety

22

task

analyzability

(Charles Perrow)

Perrow)

2-5 P.127 (Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)2007

23

(routine work)

(Charles Perrow)

mechanistic structure

CAT

24

()

(technician work)

(Charles Perrow)

(mostly mechanistic)

(craft work)

mostly organic

25

(nonrountine work)

26

(Paul Adler)

(NUMMI)

enabling

bureaucracycoercive

bureaucracy

(Charles Perrow)

2-3

27

2-6

2-3

()

()

()

()

2-3

P.127

(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)(2007)

28

(accumulated know-how) 2-7

29

2-8

31


TWI(Training Within Industry)

TWI(Training Within Industry)

(Training Within Industry for Supervisors)

()


TWI -JIT

33

1998 TWI

4

1998A B

TWI -JI

TWI

13

1983

TWI

431

86%

2 90%

3 88% 93%

4 74%

5 81%6 90%

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(1)

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Job Method

34

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(2)

G

Job Instruction

Training JITJob Method Training

JMTJob Relation Training JRT

TWI

()Job Instruction Training

35

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1.

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1.

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()

()

()

()

()

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() (1983)

(supervisors)

174

1.

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1.

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39

3.

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()

1.

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4.

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6.

7.

8.

() TWI

1.

2.

3.

4.

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6.

7.

8.

41


2-5(Charles Perrow) 1967 2-6

2-6

muda

2-4

42

2-4

P.171


43

2-5

P.177


44

2-6

P.181


45

2-7

P.184

(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)(2007

15%~20%

Job Breakdown SheetJobInstruction

Job Breakdown Sheet

47

JobInstruction

JobInstruction

Job Breakdown Sheet

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)(3)

48

()

5%10% 5%10%

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1.

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4.

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-

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(buildings)(campuses)(play grounds)(facilities)

(school buildings planning)

59

(2006A) 1666

(

)

2005

2010

e

(2006a)

60

1989 (1981 )

(19878 )(2002 )

(1999 )(20052009 )

(1999 )(1999 )

(2011)

1970

1993

2000 100~200 (2009a)

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(2011)

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69

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(Post-Positivism)

(Critical theory)

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context(

context

)

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)

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(

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Guba&Lincoln(1994)(2002)

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70

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)

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gy)

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1./

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71

(Construct)(Hypotheses)

(Authenticity)

(Plausibility)(Criticality) 3-3

(Convincing)

(Authenticity)

(Researcher-text)(reader-text)

(Plausibility)

(Criticality)

72

Authenticity

1.?2.?3.

1.2.3.

Plausibility

1.?

1.

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2001

73

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1920

1.Wallace B. Donam2.

3. Elton Mayo Hawthorn Studies

1937

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1951

1952 Harold Stein Alabamea

3-4

(2014)

74

Andrews(1951)

(1995)

3-5

&

Eisenhardt

1989

Leonard-

Barton1990

Platt1992

Gay1992

Alavi&Carlson

1992

1992

Yin1994 1.

contemporary events

2.

archival analysis

3.why

how

who

wherewhat

1996

1996

2001

3-5 (2014)

76

2001

Yin1994

single-casemulti-case

single-incidentmulti-incident

Creswell1998

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instrumental case

study

()

()

()

()

77

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prior development

3-6

2001

1.

2.

3.

4.

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78

2.

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1985

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2

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4

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Yin1994

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2

3

4

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1

2

3

4

Eisenhardt1989

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3-7 (2014)

80

3-8

1.2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

3.

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3-8 (2014)

3-9

82

(1) (2)

(3)

(4)

(1) (2)

(3)

(4)

(1) (2)

(1) (2)

(1)

(2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2)

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(1) (2)

(1) (2)

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3-9 (2014)

83

2001

()

()()

()

3-3-3

2002~2008

1.2.3.

2009~2010

1.2.3.

2010~2012

1.2.

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84

()A

A

~2001

1.2.

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1.2.

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1.

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:

85

()B

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1.2.

3. 2014

3-12 B

:

86

1.

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89

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4-3

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91

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(3~4)

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4. 1%

5.

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120

2

3

4 30

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6 15

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() / /

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3 1

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4 ()

7

1

2

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5 ()

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2

3

2

1

2

3

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4(11.8%)0(0%)

22(64.7%) 7(20.6%)1(2.9%)

107

4-3-5

() / /

1

1 1

2

2

1 1

2 2

108

3 3

3

1 1

2 2

4

1

1

5

1

1

2

6

7

4-8

2(8%)1(4%)

8(32%) 7(28%) 7(28%)

109

28%

4-3-6

110

() / /

1

1 1

2

3.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2

1 1 2

3

4

2

3

4

5

6

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3

1

1

2

2

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111

4(18.2%)0(0%)

7(31.8%) 6(27.3%)5(22.7%)

4-3-7

() / /

112

1

1 50%

1

2

3

2 50%~100%

3 100%

4

5

1 41

2 80

6

2

1 1 2

2

3

4 1.

2.

3

1

4

1

5

1.

2.

113

4-10

0(0%)3(16.7%)

5(27.8%) 8(44.4%)2(11.1%)

4-4 4-10

4-11

114

1 7 23* 17 0 48

1 1 6 20* 2 30

6 4 9 10* 4 33

4 0 22* 7 1 34

2 1 8* 7 7 25

4 0 7* 6 5 22

0 3 5 8* 2 18

18 16 80 75 21 210

8.60% 7.60% 38.1** 35.7%* 10.00% 100.00%

4-11

4-11

()

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

115

()

38.1% 35.7%

()

Authenticity

1.?

2.?

3.

1.

2.

3.

Plausibility

1.?

1.

2.3.

Criticality

1.

?

1.?2.

?

4-12

116

2-7

(accumulated know-how)

117

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

1

118

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4(2003)

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

4

5

119

......

121

TWI

122

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Tokyo: ASA Publishing Company, Ltd., pp.25-11.

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Outline, Summary.

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Sustainable design of learning environments. NMUniversity of New

Mexico Press.

7. Jeffery K. Liker, & David P. Meier. Toyota Talent . Developing Your People

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1.(2009) e

406

http://enews.tp.edu.tw/paper_show.aspxEDM=EPS200907141525267MD

2.(2009a)()

http://www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../-8-

124

.pdf

3.(2009b)

www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../ -10 - .pdf

4.(2009c)(98 11 22

3129) www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../-3

.pdf

5.(2009d)

http://www.csal.fcu.edu.tw/edu/

6.(2010)

http://epaper.edu.tw/print.aspxprint_type=news&print_sn=2835&print_num=0

7.(2011)(80~101 )

http://www.edu.tw/pages/detail.aspx?

Node=4075&Page=20046&Index=1&WID=31d75a44-efff-4c44-a075-

15a9eb7aecdf

8.(2006a)( 3)

9.(2006b)( 2)

10.(2011a)

2011

9-47

11.(2008)

(1968-2007)

() 300-317

12.(2011b)173

56-64

13.(1998)TWI12

125

22-25

14. (1998)TWI-JI 11 26

15.(1983)TWI 12 9-13

16.(1983)TWI 01 8-15

16.(1970)TWI04 34

18.(1984) TWI04 58-61

19.(1955) TWI 12 16-18

20.(2014)

http://www.pcc.gov.tw/pccap2/BIZSfront/MenuContent.do?

site=002&bid=BIZS_C09804055

21.

22.

23.(2013)

24.(2013)

25.(2009)

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198

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1.1 CNS 17025ISO/IEC 17025

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201

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CNS 13295 5.15.2

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3.1.3 1,000

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3.3.1

204

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.3.5

3.4

3.5

3.5.1

3.5.2 35

3.5.3

3.5.4

4

205

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