A Red Light for Scofflaws

• Scofflaws: a person who laughs at or violate certain regulations 藐视或违反法令者

• Scofflawry: the action of laughing at or violating certain regulations 违法行为

Litterbugcrossing traffic fence

Crossing street without walking on pestrian pavementrunning red light

Illegal speedingdrunk driving

scribbling on the walls spitting

• Graffitiprone• Litterbugs• High-decible• Tobacco addicts• Pot smokers• Joint• Coccaine• jaywalkers

• Illegally spits on the sidewalk

• Farebeater• Double parking• Drunk driving• Illegal speeding• Red-light running

structure

• Part 1 ( Paras 1---2)

• Part 2 (Paragraph 3)

• Part 3 ( Paras 4---5)

• Part 4 (Paras6---8)

Part 1 (Parasgraphs 1—2)

• Take to: to be pleased by or attracted to ； to begin to do sth. as a regular habit 喜欢

• The dog seldom takes to strangers.

• 那条狗很少喜欢生人• His manner was so taking that l took to him at on

ce.• 他的风格如此吸引人，我立刻就喜欢上他了。• Recently l have taken to getting up earlier in the

morning 。• 最近我开始喜欢早上早起了。

Abound in / with: to have in large numbers or great quantity

• The land abounds in spring and streams of water.

• The jungle abounds with snakes.

• The book abounds in printing mistakes.

• Exempt: (adj) freed from a duty, service, payment, etc. 被免除的

• Exempt: (v) to make someone or something exempt 免除

• His bad health exempted him from military service.

• 他身体不好，使他免服兵役。

Duck out of : to try to avoid (a difficulty or unpleasant difficulty)

• You can’t duck out now, you made a solemn promise.

• No parent can duck out of his duty to his children ．

• It’s unlawful to try to duck out of paying taxes.

Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.

• Graffitiprone

• Bicyclists who do not obey traffic laws

• Litterbugs

• High-decibel portable radios

• Tobacco addicts smoke in public places

• Pot smokers

• The flagrant use of cocaine

Summary of Part 1

• Scofflawry of various forms is everywhere and seems to become the trend.

Part 2

• The most immediately, measurably dangerous and the most visable scofflawry comes from ________.

• Double parking, drunk driving, illegal speeding

• The dangers and range of scofflawry.

Part 3

• 俄罗斯轮盘（ Russian roulette ）是一种残忍的赌博游戏。与其他使用扑克、色子等赌具的赌博不同的是，俄罗斯轮盘赌的赌具是左轮手枪和人的性命。俄罗斯轮盘赌的规则很简单：在左轮手枪的六个弹槽中放入一颗或多颗子弹，任意旋转转轮之后，关上转轮。游戏的参加者轮流把手枪对着自己的头，扣动板机；中枪的当然是自动退出，怯场的也为输，坚持到最后的就是胜者。旁观的赌博者，则对参加者的性命压赌注。

Summary of Part 3

• As a typical case of scofflawry: red-light running is so common, so overlooked but yet so harmful for the fundamentals of social order.

Part 4

• For all: in spite of

He is still poor for all he has worked.

For all his wealth, he was lonely and unhappy.

Of a piece: the same as something else or as the rest of something ( 与… ) 同类的；（与…）一致的• At its peak in the Thirt

ies, Underground design and architecture was all of a piece.

• The essays that Parsons completed in the latter part of his life are of a piece with his earlier work.

• 在三十年代的鼎盛时期，地下设计和建筑全一样。

• 帕森斯后半生完成的论文同他前半生完成的 ( 风格 ) 一致。

• Demoraliation• Destablize• Deforestation• Deformed• Degrade• dehumanize

• 道德败坏• 不稳定• 砍伐树木• 变形的，畸形的• 使恶化，使退化• 使失去人性

Prohibition 禁酒令• National prohibition of alcohol (1920-3

3)--the “noble experiment”--was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. The results of that experiment clearly indicate that it was a miserable failure on all counts.

Prohibition 禁酒令• Although consumption of alcohol fell at the

beginning of Prohibition, it subsequently increased. Alcohol became more dangerous to consume; crime increased and became “organized”; the court and prison systems were stretched to the breaking point; and corruption of public officials was rampant（失控的，猖獗的） .

Undermine: to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or succussful 逐步削弱， 逐步损害• Business confidence was undermined by a

series of major failures.

• Their trading position has been seriously underminded by the minister’s remarks.

• Britain was accused of undermining international efforts to reduce pollution.

Summary of Part 4

• It's about the nature and the cause of scofflawry.