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A quick tour of the UKube-1 CubeSat17th July 2014
Steve Greenland
With thanks to all those involved -UK Space Agency
Steepest AscentEADS Astrium
AMSAT-UKUniversity of Strathclyde
Open Universitye2V
University of BathUKSEDS
RALSpaceUniversity of Dundee
Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyBright Ascension
SciSysKnowledge Transfer Partnerships
Technology Strategy Board
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UKube approach
Defined as a collaboration across UK engaging with all parts of the space community…
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Program constraints
• UKube-1 heavily constrained by resources
– personnel
– timescales
• Free launch is the shared objectives for all parties
• Design part-driven by coalition of the willing
– balanced by Astrium
• In March 2011, 4 payloads were selected from 22 proposals
• From July 2011, program organisation has changed with CSL taking on management responsibility
Engineering, Project & Payload Interface Mgmt (Astrium)
Systems Engineering & AIVT Provider
(KTP thenClyde Space)
Payload Providers
Platform Provider (CSL)
Tech. Partners
Customer (UKSA)
Operations (RALSpace)
Launch (Roscosmos)
Education & Outreach
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UKube-1 pilot requirements
• Five core mission objectives:
– UKube-1 shall demonstrate new UK space technology.
– UKube-1 shall demonstrate the capability of useful science to be performed within a CubeSat sized spacecraft.
– UKube-1 shall demonstrate industry and university based training in spacecraft development.
– UKube-1 shall demonstrate education and outreach in STEM subjects.
– UKube-1 shall demonstrate Payload Kick-Off to flight qualified spacecraft in less than 12 months.
• Defined such that the significant parts can be met before reaching the launch pad
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Payloads and Enabling Technology
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C3D Imaging
• CMOS radiation damagemonitoring
– Total ionising
– Single event
• Narrow and wide fieldimaging
• Onboard image processing
– histographic image rejection
– thumbnailling and compression
• Technology demonstration of CMOS for future ESA missions, e.g. JUICE
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TOPCAT
• Topside Ionospheric Occultation Assisted Tomography
• L1/2 space-grade GPS receiver
• Interface with ADCS for orbit positioning
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JANUS
• Space radiation based random number generation
• Applicability to patents for telecommunications
• EADS Astrium application of non-space grade SRAM based FPGAs
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Mission Interface Computer
• Supports asymmetric redundant architecture
• FPGA-based primary processor
• Radiation tolerant design
– 2 MB SRAM
– 2 GB NAND FLASH
• Looking for partners for further development
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FUNcube Transceiver
• AMSAT-UK transceiver
• Meets UKube-1 education and outreach objectives
• FUNcube dongle allows satellite to be received
• Backdoor transceiver
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Deployable Solar Arrays
• Redundant thermal knife deployment
• Longitudinal and lateral hinge designs
• Support designs for > 35 W instantaneous power
• Solar arrays feature integrated sun sensors
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Active Magnetic Attitude Control
• FPGA based design with embedded control modes
– Magnetic and inertial sensors
– Magnetorquer actuation
– Coarse sun sensors
– Interface to TOPCAT GPS
• Future compatibility
– High performance computing
– 3-axis reaction wheels
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S-band Transmitter
• High data rate transmitter– < 2 Mbps
– Tx power 21 dBm to 30 dBm
– 2400 – 2450 MHz in 500 kHz
– SNR of 20 dB (min)
– Spurious responses< -30 dBc
– Open Network Encoding
Power SupplyPower
Control /
Telemetry
3.3V
5V
12V
I2C
High-speed
DataSPI
Control and Data
Encoder Module
RF Module RF OutI
Q
Patch
Antenna
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Onboard Software
• Developed with Bright Ascension
• freeRTOS-based
• CCSDS compatible with modified PUS
• Onboard operations scheduler
• File based data transfers
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MEGSE Developments
• Payload interface emulator
• FlatSat board and peripheries
• Integration & environmental test jig
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Interface Emulator
• Interface between platform & payload managed through interface emulator
– Facilitate concurrent development of platform & payload
– Demonstration & verification of key requirements
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MAIT CampaignMarch 2012-July 2013
UKube at CDR (end of 2011)
• Launch Sept 2012 by Dnepr
Payload Workshops
Subsystem Delivery
End to End
System Integration
Thermal Cycling & Deployments
Thermal Vacuum
RF Patterns
Vibration Test
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Launch CampaignJune-July 2014
Flight Preparation
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Integration
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Complete!
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Current Status
• Launch 8th July 2014 on Soyuz 2.1b Fregat M 16:58 UTC
• Separation from Fregat M reported at 18:42 UTC
• Morse beacon heard on first pass at ops
• Currently RAL Space commissioning satellite onboard systems at Chilbolton, Hampshire
• Approximately 4 ‘good’ passes per day morning and late evening
– 145.840 MHz, NORAD TLE 2014-0037F now UKUBE-1
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Operations Performed
Receipt of health beacon
Estimation of tracking TLEs and object identification
Receipt and processing of telemetry packets
Uplink command capability
Very low spin rates since deployment
Operation of the redundant communications
Reports of beacon active over world
Downlink of large data transfer from onboard
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Operations to come
• Resolution of teething problems
• Full systems check out
• Upgrades to the ground station
• Payload commissioning
• Initial payload operations
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What about the objectives?
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“UKube-1 shall demonstrate new UK space technology”
• Support tools, emulator, FlatSats and process
• FPGA-based computing, CubeSat platforms
• Ground station infrastructure and services
• In business terms for CSL and partners:– Since UKube-1 CSL turnover increased 100%
– Current order book stands at c. 3 MGBP
– 2 international platform sales
– COTS FPGAs for a number of applications
– Bright Ascension software
– Core SA (CPUT)-UK cooperation for DFID
– Opportunities for C3D-based imaging products(with orbitronics)
Interface Emulator
Flash-based Computing
MEGSE Development
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“UKube-1 shall demonstrate the capability of useful science to be performed within a CubeSat sized spacecraft”
• 22 proposals from initial competition call, of which 7 downselected and 4 selected
• 2 PhD theses, numerous papers (did not track!)
• Payloads selected on merit by UKSA panel
– Radiation effects impacts on CMOS (JUICE relevance)
– Use of GPS scintillation for ionospheric tomography
TOPCAT C3D JANUS
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“UKube-1 shall demonstrate industry and university based training in spacecraft development”
• Payload and development workshops, knowledge transfer
• Numerous organisations worked to fill the capability gaps
• Involvement and learning across CSL and partners engineering– Over 20 engineers and managers directly involved
– Engagement with Astrium review team relevant experience
– Tools and processes now applied to deliver platform products
• Numerous student projects at Strathclyde and beyond– Thermal, structure design, RF and ground station (6)
– StrathSEDS REXUS/BEXUS projects (3)
STAC Thermal REXUS / BEXUS
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“UKube-1 shall demonstrate education and outreach in STEM subjects”
• Engagement with AMSAT-UK FunCube-1
• Open University C3D demo
• SEDS involvement through MPQ (not flown)
• Arts-business grants
• UKube-1 models at Glasgow Science Museum(…and Downing St…)
• 20+ general talks and demonstrations
FunCube-2 Intae Space Glasgow Science
Preflight status by review
• Independent UKSA review panel before flight found Ukube-1 had met the majority of its objectives
• Specifically, the review panel perceived
• UKube-1 found to be within the UKSA budget for the project
Training Fully
Education / Outreach Fully
Technology demonstration Partial
Knowledge Exchange / Engagement Partial
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…and some lessons…
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Design lessons
• Don’t spend long designing based on specification
• Define conops earlier and use to drive design
• Launch provider requirements vary considerably
• Don’t document too much that it becomes unsustainable
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AIVT lessons
• Emulator identified some issues but not all
• Determination of soft/hardware root cause time-consuming
• I2C can be very temperamental
• Harness accommodation underestimated
• Definition of computer operating systems and isolation
• EM/FM set-ups provides a comparative analysis making troubleshooting much easier
• Nothing beats end to end testing (implement early)
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Review & Quality lessons
• Review points posed a significant challenge to resource, deliver and close efficiently whilst also moving all aspects of the project forward
• Transfer of overall management to Clyde Space left some gaps in oversight and interfaces
• Risk and issue register presents a useful capture of the technical challenges faced (post-TRR) and their resolution
• Definition and agreement of high risk and what is/isn’t acceptable
• Draft TOC for key docs upfront
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Funding lessons
• Personally underestimated costs and some assumptions not realised nor breakdown of RE/NRE
• Contractor-subcontractor relationship difficult when money not exchanged directly
• Differences in availability of funding sources for development caused big impact on schedule
• Traditional space costs sometimes impossible to avoid
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Programmatic lessons
• A bit too much single string team, no people redundancy• Payload engineer oversight of system decisions• More collocation with reviewers• Properly planned workshops and collocation for subsystems hugely
productive• Understand launch delay leads to delivery delay• Upfront agreement of QA/PA within AIVT plan• EM required! buy early or use representative FlatSat• Useful to agree a standardised effort upfront for later analysis• E+O strategy with some funding would be helpful to maximise return
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The future for UKube?(while we await a government position)
NANOBED Mission Labs
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*craft | CubeSat Design Tools
Long [ deg ]
Lat
[ deg ]
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Long [ deg ]
Lat
[ deg ]
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
8W BCR1 (FXP+DXP)
3W BCR3 (FZP+FZN)
(1) DESIGN (2) ASSESS
(3) OPTIMISE
Quantum Technology
• Lead in QKD application for secure telecoms follow on capabilities– Highly miniaturised atomic clocks
– Enhanced metrology -> improved GNS
– Fundamental physics experiments: gravity waves, inertia
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Biosciences
• Lead-in application using 3D printed rotary valve system for assaying of mammalian cells (first time in space)– Target is human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell - well studied
on ground - microgravity radiation effects provides valuable science
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CMOS Sensing
• Narrow and wide fieldimaging, SEE and TID radiation monitor
• Numerous applications:
– in-orbit servicing
– Earth observation
– radiation damage monitoring
– spacecraft health monitoring
• Based on UKube-1 heritage subsystem and experience
To conclude
• UKube-1 has completed the majority of its objectives before reaching the launch pad
• Key lessons from the mission development have been captured and will influence next step work
• Operations is now beginning and again we are learning how to use the satellite for the first time
• Looking forward to future discussions on how best to use UKube-1
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And finally…
• Special thanks to FUNcube team
• AMSAT operators supplying very useful pass reports
• Mike Rupprecht, DK3WN -- first packets!
• Todd Morgan, AL0I
• Colin Hurst, VK5HI
• And of course Graham
T: @strickengremlin
How might you help?
• S-band commissioning – might occur earlier than initially planned
• Collecting data using the (updated) FUNcubedashboard
• Reports of the beacon over the world
• Any review or modifications of the demodulation software to maximise packets decoded
• Operations of the satellite over weekends and other downtime
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