A Project on the Supply Chain Management of Newspaper and Magazine

8/13/2019 A Project on the Supply Chain Management of Newspaper and Magazine

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A PROJECT ON THE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OFNEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE AND ANALYSINGNEWSPAPER READING HABITS OF PEOPLE OF MOHALIREGION.

TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OFBUSINESS

SUBMITTED BY:- MANDEEP KOUR

MBA (marketing)

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

GHARUAN, MOHALI

CHANDIGARH


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AKNOWLEDGEMENT

"Knowledge is a progressive discovery of ones own ignorance" Knowledge cannot be gained solely on the basis of theoretical understanding

from books. Practical implementation of it is very essential. During my project

work i have tried to a bridge the gap between practical and theoretical work

because management needs practical approach to tackle the things in right

direction and confidently.

First of all I would like to express my profound gratitude and sincere

acknowledgement to Mr. KPS GREWAL my project guide, who has been a

source of perpetual inspiration to me, gently guiding and paving my way

towards a bright carrier, throughout my project work. He has ever willing to

give all kind of support and encouragement to me.

I express my sentiments of gratitude and thanks to Mr. VISHAL SHARMA

(Sen. Manager, Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.) who gave me an opportunity for

summer training in the organisation for numerous discussions and valuable

suggestions, guided me throughout the course & for their excellence guidance at

various phases of this whole project, despite of their busy schedule.


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DECLARATION

Here I do declare that the data and information is true and best of myknowledge. Most of information is collected by the primary sources.

MANDEEP KOUR

MBA (marketing)

10377


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CONTENT1 INDIAN NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY

a) History

b) Profile

c) Size

d) contribution to the economy

2 THE INDIAN NEWSPAPER SOCIETY (INS)

3 COMPANY HISTORY

4 COMPANY PROFILE

1)Vision and mission statement of times of India

2)Types of newspaper by Times of India 5 1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1)Process carried out daily in the training

2) Schemes of the times of India

a) Annual

b) Six months scheme

6 OBJECTIVES & NEED

7 RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

8 ANALYSING INTERPERTATIONS

9 FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY

10 BASIC CONCEPTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

11 DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

12 THE NEWSPAPER SUPPLY CHAIN

13 CONCLUSION

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY


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Indian newspaper industry

Size f the Industry

Indian Paper Industry accounts for about 1.6%of the world's production of paper and

paperboard. The estimated turnover of theindustry is Rs 25,000 crore (USD 5.95 billion)and its contribution to the exchequer is aroundRs. 2918 crore.

Output perannum

Demand of paper has been around 8% andduring the years 2002-07 newsprint registereda growth of 13%

Percentage in

world market

Newsprint and publication paper consumptionaccount for 2 million tonnes, of which 1.2million tonnes of newsprint paper ismanufactured in India and the remaining 0.8million tonnes is imported

History

India first Machine-made paper was manufactured in 1812. During this time there were 15mills with a total production of lakh tones. In India the Soft wood is the principal rawmaterial used for making paper especially newsprint and high class printing papers. With risein population and broadening of education the demand for paper has been constantlyescalated. Owing to very narrow forest resources wood pulp is in a shortage. As soft woodsgrow in temperate climate India is in short supply of such woods. Thus, in suchcircumstances the Bamboo became the major raw materials for the manufacture of paper inthe country as it grows very quickly even after cutting.

Paper industry in India is mainly plantation based and is essential that more land must be brought under plantations of eucalyptus and other trees apposite for the making of papers.The paper industry also requires huge amount of soft water and paper utilized for newspapersis called newsprint. Its requirement is bound to grow noticeably. The Nepanagar Newsprint

plant in Madtiya was set up to meet these aforementioned demands. The capacity of Indian

Paper Industry has been raised to 75,000 tonnes a year. West Bengal and Maharashtra are theleading states for the industry. The total newsprint production has now reached well over400,000 tonnes. A large number of expansion programmes & expansion of capacities with anoutlay of Rs. 10,000 crores have been announced covering the various sectors like paper,

paperboard, newsprint, etc.

Indian paper industry is a vast industry comprising more than 157 paper-producing divisionsall over India. These 157 functional units manufacture handmade paper worth around Rs.21cores and provide employment to approximately 10,000 people. Sanganer village is the

biggest centre in western India humming on the rhythm of the sound of paper makingactivities.


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Brief Introduction

Indian Paper industry has created sustainable livelihood in rural areas and has helpedgenerating employment for the local population especially for women to earn theirlivelihood. The Indian Paper Industry has emerged as a diversified and specialized industrythat produces numerous types of papers that comes in various use such as watermark, filter

paper, drawing sheets, etc. Other products including Paper Bags, paper diaries, paper photoFrames, Greeting Cards, Handmade paper Boxes, paper Albums, etc, are manufactured andexported across the world. Today, the Indian exporters export nearly Rs.400 crores worth of

paper products per annum to the developed nations.

Market capitalization

The Indian Paper Industry has the top 15 global players with an output of more than 6 milliontonnes annually with an estimated turnover of Rs. 150,000 millions. Indian Paper Industry isriding on a strong demand and on an expanding mood to meet the projected demand of 8million tonnes by 2010 & 13 million tonnes by 2020.

Size of the industry

Indian Paper Industry accounts for about 1.6% of the world's production of paper and paperboard. The estimated turnover of the industry is Rs 25,000 crore (USD 5.95 billion) andits contribution to the exchequer is around Rs. 2918 crore. The industry was delicensedeffective from July 1997 by the Government of India & foreign participation is permissible.Most of the paper mills are in existence for a long time and hence present technologies fall ina wide spectrum ranging from oldest to the most modern. Paper in India is made from 40% ofhardwood and bamboo fibre, 30 % from agro waste and 30 % from recycled fibre. Newsprintand publication paper consumption account for 2 million tonnes, of which 1.2 million tonnesof newsprint paper is manufactured in India and the remaining 0.8 million tonnes is imported.

Total contribution to the economy/ sales

Demand of Paper has been around 8% and during the years 2002-07 while newsprintregistered a growth of 13% and Writing & Printing, Containerboard, Carton board and othersregistered growth of 5%, 11%, 9% and 1% respectively. So far, the growth in paper industryhas mirrored the growth in GDP and has grown on an average 6-7 % over the last few years.India is the fastest growing market for paper globally and it presents an exciting scenario and

paper consumption is poised for a big leap forward in sync with the economic growth and isestimated to touch 13.95 million tons by 2015-16. The futuristic view is that growth in paperconsumption would be in multiples of GDP and hence an increase in consumption by one kg

per capita would lead to an increase in demand of 1 million tons.


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The Indian Newspaper Society (INS)

(Formerly Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society) acts as the central organization of thePress of India, an independent body authenticating circulation figures of newspapers and periodicals in India. It is an organization which plays a major role in protecting and promoting the freedom of press in India. The society was founded in 1939. Its headquartersare at Rafi Marg, New Delhi.

INS membership comprises the owners, proprietors and publishers of print media whodiscusses and suggest various measures to the government regarding the problems related tothe newspaper industry. It is a kind of pressure group which works to protect the interest ofnewspaper industry in particular and print media in general.

Indian newspaper industry today faces problems ranging from rising cost and paucity ofnewsprint to shrinking revenue from advertisement due to boom in electronic media. Theexecutive committee of INS represents the current 990 members from newspapers, journals,

periodicals and magazines.

At present Mr. K.N. Tilak Kumar is the president of INS [2012-13], elected on 13thSeptember 2012 during the 73rd annual meet of the Newspaper Society. He is a successor ofAshish Bagga from India Today.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_media_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_media_in_India


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HISTORY OF COMPANY:--

The Times of India was founded on 3 November 1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal ofCommerce in Bombay, during an intermediate period between the Mughal and British Raj.

Published every Saturday and Wednesday, The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce waslaunched as a semi-weekly edition by Raobahadur Narayan Dinanath Velkar, a MaharashtrianReformist. It contained news from Britain and the world, as well as the Indian Subcontinent. The daily editions of the paper were started from 1850 and in 1861, the Bombay Times wasrenamed as The Times of India after amalgamation of three more newspapers. In the 19thcentury, this newspaper company employed more than 800 people and had a sizeablecirculation in India and Europe. After India's independence the ownership of the paper passedon to the then famous industrial family of Dalmiyas and later it was taken over by SahuShanti Prasad Jain of the Kunal Jain group from Bijnore, UP.

India's press in the 1840s was a motley collection of small-circulation daily or weekly sheets printed on rickety presses. Few extended beyond their small communities and seldom tried tounite the many castes, tribes, and regional subcultures of India. The Anglo-Indian papers

promoted purely British interests. Robert Knight (1825 1892) was the principal founder andthe first editor of the Times .

The son of a London bank clerk from the lower-middle-class, Knight proved a skilled writerand passionate reformer. Knight helped create a vibrant national newspaper industry inBritish India. When the Sepoy Mutiny erupted, Knight was acting editor of the BombayTimes and Standard . He broke with the rest of the English language press (which focused onIndian savagery and treachery) and instead blamed the violence on the lack of discipline and

poor leadership in the army. That angered the Anglo-Indian community but attracted theTimes's Indian shareholders, who made him the permanent editor. Knight blasted themismanagement and greed of the Raj, attacking annexation policies that appropriated nativelands and arbitrarily imposed taxes on previously exempt land titles, ridiculing income taxes,and exposing school systems that disregarded Indian customs and needs.

Knight led the paper to national prominence. In 1860, he bought out the Indian shareholdersand merged with the rival Bombay Standard , and started India's first news agency. It wiredTimes dispatches to papers across the country and became the Indian agent for Reuters newsservice. In 1861, he changed the name from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of

India. Knight fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently resisting theattempts by governments, business interests, and cultural spokesmen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Shanti_Prasad_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Shanti_Prasad_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijnorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepoy_Mutinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepoy_Mutinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijnorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Shanti_Prasad_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Shanti_Prasad_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay


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TIMES OF INDIA Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.

Type Daily newspaper

Format Broadsheet

Owner The Times Group

Publisher The Times Group

Editor-in-chief Jaideep Bose

Associateeditor

Jug Suraiya

Founded 3 November 1838

Politicalalignment

Conservative

Language English

HeadquartersThe Times of IndiaBuilding, Dr.D.N.Road,Mumbai- 400001, India

Circulation 3,140,000 daily

Sisternewspapers

The Economic Times Navbharat Times Maharashtra Times
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jug_Suraiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economic_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economic_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navbharat_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navbharat_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navbharat_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economic_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jug_Suraiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheet


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COMPANY PROFILE -

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. According to AuditBureau of Circulations, it has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers

in the world, across all formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online) .In 2008,the newspaper reported that (with a circulation of over 3.14 million) it was certified by theAudit Bureau of Circulations (India) as the world's largest selling English-language daily,ranking it as the 3rd largest selling newspaper in any language in the world. and WorldAssociation of Newspapers and News Publishers. According to the Indian Readership Survey(IRS) 2012, the Times of India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with areadership of 76.43 lakhs (7.643 million). This ranks the Times of India as the top Englishdaily in India by readership. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.which is owned by the Sahu Jain family.

Notable employees in TIMES OF INDIA Girilal Jain Former editor of TOI Vineet jain MD, current Chairperson Samir Jain Vice-Chairman & Publisher Jug Suraiya (associate editor, columnist, "Jugular Vein," cartoonist, "Dubyaman II") Swaminathan Aiyar (columnist, "Swaminomics") R. K. Laxman ("You Said It" editorial cartoon, featuring the

famous common man)

Shobha De Columnist M J Akbar Columnist, "The Siege Within" and former

Editorial Team

Gurcharan Das Columnist Chetan Bhagat Columnist, Sunday TOI

The times of India is printed from the following places:

Bhubaneswar , Bengaluru , Bhopal , Chandigarh , Delhi , Goa, Hyderabad,Indore, Jaipur , Kanpur , Kolkata, lucknow, Mangalore, Mumbai, Mysore,Nagpur , Patna, Pune, Ranchi , Surat.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_World_by_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_%28newspaper%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_%28format%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_world_by_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Newspapers_and_News_Publishershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Newspapers_and_News_Publishershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett,_Coleman_%26_Co._Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girilal_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vineet_jain&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jug_Suraiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoonisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaminathan_Aiyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._K._Laxmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shobha_Dehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_J_Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurcharan_Dashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetan_Bhagathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetan_Bhagathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurcharan_Dashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_J_Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shobha_Dehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._K._Laxmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaminathan_Aiyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoonisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jug_Suraiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vineet_jain&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girilal_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahu_Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett,_Coleman_%26_Co._Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Newspapers_and_News_Publishershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Newspapers_and_News_Publishershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_world_by_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_%28format%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_%28newspaper%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_World_by_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


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VISION AND MISSION STATEMANT OF TIMES OF INDIA

To maintain top position among the top newspaper in India.

To capture the market for which it is going towards the rural sector also.

To expand its business other than newspaper.

To provide accurate news in time.

Brands: Its major brands include:

The Times of India , The Economic Times Maharashtra Times , Navbharat Times , Sandhya Times , Mumbai Mirror Kolkata Mirror Ahmedabad Mirror Pune Mirror Bangalore Mirror, Times Private Treaties, . Vijaya Karnataka, ZigWheels Femina Grazia Top Gear

Lonely Planet Good Homes Filmfare Knowledge Hello. Femina Hindi Film fare Hindi

The Times of India competes with HT Media, the media conglomerate that owns of English-language newspaper Hindustan Times and the Hindi daily Hindustan . Those two alone hada daily readership of 12.7 million according to their website.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad_Mirrorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pune_Mirror&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZigWheels&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZigWheels&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZigWheels&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pune_Mirror&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad_Mirror


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INTRODUCTION TO PROJECTThis project has been made on the topic, SUUPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES AND ANALYSING NEWSPAPER READING

HABITS. I have made this project report after undergoing summer training in THE TIMESOF INDIA for a period of 45 days.

Supply chain management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as theymove in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within andamong companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain managementsystem is to reduce inventory while maintaining necessary product availability.

Every day my work in this training was to meet at least 30 customers daily and convince

them to subscribe for THE TIMES OF INDIA newspaper and their various magazines.

We used to be allotted different areas everyday for marketing by our senior heads, and theyexplained to us the various schemes being offered by Times Of India on their products thatwe had to market.

We visited these areas from 8 am to 11 am and then from 5 pm to 7.30 pm as during thesehours people are usually in their houses.

During the training I met various kinds of people and I had to deal with each person in adifferent way. Some were very warm and friendly whereas some were extremely rude.

It was really difficult to deal with the ones who were rude.

By undergoing this survey every day I came to know the preferences of customers, their likesand dislikes, how much are they willing to spend on newspapers and magazines, what aretheir interests, etc.

This project gave me immense knowledge. I learnt how to behave with all kinds ofcustomers, whether they were rude or friendly, I learnt how to convince people to buy

products, I learnt a basic psychology of customers and people, I learnt what nowdays people

are mostly interested in doing, I came to know the goodwill of Times Of India, afterconvincing the customers to subscribe for the magazines and newspapers, I would take theirfeedback in which they would tell what magazines and newspapers they already had, whatschemes they like, what gifts would they like, if they had any complaints etc.

My work was to increase the sales of THE TIMES OF INDIA .


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PROCESS CARRIED OUT DAILY IN THE TRAINING

1- The company assigned us different areas daily to carry out the survey and formarketing

2- We had to work in 2 shifts from 8 am to 11am and from 5 pm to 7.30 pm

3- In the beginning we went to household and convinced people to subscribe for themagazine and newspapers of times of India in the households and later we went to

colleges and asked students to subscribe for the newspapers as there was a special

scheme for students. This working in the colleges was for around 6 hours.

4- On meeting the customers I explained to them the schemes that Times Of India wasoffering on its products and I tried convincing them to subscribe for the magazines or

newspapers.

5- I took feedbacks from the customers in which they would tell what newspapers andmagazines they already had subscribed for, what changes they would like in the

newspapers and magazines, if they liked the schemes, if they liked the gifts that were

being offered, if they had any complaints etc.

6- The customers who were interested I booked their orders

7- I also renewed subscriptions for the customers who had already subscribed formagazines and whose subscription had got over.

8- I made a report daily of how many calls I had been able to make and how many ordersI could get booked.


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SCHEMES OF THE TIMES OF INDIA NEWSPAPERS;

THE TIMES OF INDIA - ANNUAL SCHEME

PERIODICITY: Daily

COVER PRICE: 2 Rs. on weekdays and 2.50 Rs. On Saturday and Sunday

ANNUAL RATE: 495

DURATION: 1 year

ASSURED GIFT : TSDR Coupons of rs.- 500.

SIX MONTHS SCHEME

PERIODICITY: Daily

COVER PRICE: 3 Rs. on weekdays and 4&5 Rs. On Saturday and Sunday

SIX MONTHS RATE: 299

DURATION: Six months

ASSURED GIFT: TSDR Coupons of rs.- 500.


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OBJECTIVES & NEED

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1. To know that how much time readers of different age groups spend to read newspapers.

2. To analyse the difference of news liking in different age groups.

3. To find out most commonly preferred category of news by the people of all age groups.

4. To know that occupation of people force them to read newspaper or not.5. To know the role of advertisement in increasing the sale of newspapers.

NEED OF STUDY

1. It helps to know the behaviour of the different kind of customers.

2. To know how to convince a customer toward a product.

3. Help in increasing the sale of company.

4. To analyse the need of customer and collecting feedback.

5. Help to know the loyalty status of customer.


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RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

Preparation of questionnaire

First of all questionnaire are prepared to collect the required informationaccording to need and objective of the research .It was made according to therequirement of the project.

Primary data

Data used in the research is first hand (primary data). It was collected by goingto the people on their residence or place of their work. Most of the data used inthe research process was primary data.

Secondary data

Secondary information used to know only the profile of company and to knowits past performance. And it was collected from the officials of the organisation.

Sample size

Total sample size used in order to make this study was 50


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QUESTIONAIRE

Name ____________________________

Age _________

Occupation________________________

Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) Which newspaper do you like to read?

a) Times Of India

b) Hindustan Times

c) Tribune

d) Denik Bhaskar

e) Amar ujala

f) Others

Q 2- Which language of newspaper do you prefer?

A) Hindi

b) English

c) Punjabi

d) If any other then specify name

Q 3- How much time do you spend daily on reading a newspaper?

a) 0-30 Minutes

b) 30- 1 Hr

c) 1 2 hr

d) Others


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Q 4- which kind of news do you like to read most in a newspaper?

a) General

b) Sports

c) Business news

d) Entertainment

Q 5- Did your occupation force you to read newspaper?

a) Yes ________

b) Sometimes ____________

c) No_________

Q 6- Are you interested in the discount offers provided by the companies?

a) Yes b) No

Q 7 On what bases you compare any newspaper with any newspaper?

a) Price

b) Paper quality

c) Way of presenting news

d) If any other Please specify


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Q 8 How much attention do you pay on advertisement part of a newspaper?

a) 0 -25 %

b) 25 50 %

c) 50 - 75 %

d) 75 100%

Q 9 From how much time you are reading the newspaper?

a) 0-6 months b) 6-12 months

c)

1yr-2yrd) 2yr-3yr

Q10- Do you agree with the statement that age of the person make a difference inreading habit.

a) Strongly agree. b) Agree.c) Little agree.d) Disagree.

Q11 Do you think that reading newspaper play a role to Increase general awareness?

a) Strongly agree.

b) Agree.

c) Little agree.

d) Disagree.


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Q 12 Would you like to change your newspaper in future?

a) Yes b) No

13.-Do you go through additional supplements that are provided with the newspaper?

a) Yes

b) No

14- Does your newspaper provide you all the essential business information?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Doesnt read

15: Has the information from classified section been able to resolve your queries?

a)Yes

b) No

c) Doesnt read

Q 16 Would you like to give any suggestion regarding the improvement in thenewspaper?

Ans

1) ___________________________________________2) ___________________________________________3) ___________________________________________4) ___________________________________________

Signature

Date .


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ANALYSING INTERPERTATIONS 1) Which newspaper do you like to read?

a) Times Of India

b) Hindustan Times

c) Tribune

d) Denik Bhaskar

e) Amar ujala

f) Others

Option Number Percentage (%)

Times of India 86 17.2

Hindustan times 96 19.2

Tribune 177 35.4

Denik bhaskar 90 18

Amar ujala 15 3

Others 36 7.2

INTERPRETATION-:

In Chandigarh maximum people prefer the tribune. Denik bhaskar is the 2 nd preferrednewspaper in Chandigarh. Times Of India is at the 3 rd position and closely after it is theHindustan Times.

86

96

177

90

15 36

Number of peopleTimes of India

Hindustan times

Tribune

Denik bhaskar

Amar ujala

Others


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Q 2- Which Languages newspaper do you prefer to read?

a) Hindi b) Englishc) Punjabid) ________ If any other then specify name

Newspaper No. of People % Percentage Hindi 119 23.8English 268 53.6

Punjabi 102 20.4Other 11 2.2

INTERPRETATION-:

In the area of Chandigarh and Mohali it was found that language was not a constrain for the people most of the people use to read English and Hindi both newspapers. In every secondhome Punjabi newspaper was also there.

119

268

10211

No. of People

Hindi

English

Punjabi

Other


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Q 3- How much time do you spend daily on reading a newspaper ?

a) 0-30 Minutes

b) 30- 1 Hr

c) 1 2 hr

d) ______

If more than 2 hr specify time

Time No. of People % Percentage

0- 30 Minutes 110 2230- 1 Hr 150 301- 2 Hr 160 32

2 < 80 16

INTERPRETATION-:

1) In the survey it was found that 22% people were not very interested they read onlynewspaper headline and give maximum 30 minutes to read it includes the group of studentsand some busy working persons

2) 30Minuts 2 hr they are general readers of newspaper. They give full dedication to readnewspaper it include the group of professionals and senior citizens

3) There is another group of people who read newspaper more than two hr. It includes peoplewho are habitual to it.

110

150160

80 0- 30 Minutes

30- 1 Hr

1- 2 Hr

2


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Q 4- which kinds of news do you prefers to read most in a Newspaper ?

a) General

b) Sports

c) Business news

d) Entertainment

e) Political

News No. of People % Percentage General 260 52

Sports 25 5

Business news 85 17

Entertainment 40 8Political 90 18

INTERPRETATION-:

It was found that many of people do not read full newspaper there are only 260 people whoread full newspaper and other people read it according to their need and interests.

260

25

85

40

90No. of People

General

Sports

Business news

Entertainment

Political


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Q 5- Did your profession force you to read newspaper?

a) Yes ________ b) Sometimes ____________c) No_________

Yes 54 %Sometimes 20 %

No 26 %

INTERPRETATION-:

It was found through conducting the survey that occupation of a person also force him toread newspaper because many kind of needs occurs.

For Ex. People associated with share market generally read newspaper like

economic times & business standard etc.

5420

26

NO. OF PEOPLE

YES

NO

SOMETIMES


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Q 6- Are you interested in the discount offers provided by the companies?

a) Yes b) No

Yes 54 % No 46 %

INTERPRETATION-:

1) It was found that general reader of newspaper who are not habitual to a particular

brand of newspaper can shift their demand with a discount offer on the other hand people who are habitual to a particular brand hardly shift their demand to othernewspaper

2) People who are reading a newspaper from a short period of time can change theirdemand with any discount offer but the person who is reading a newspaper from along time will not change his demand

3) A person with low income will more attract to a discount offer as compare to a personhaving high income

5446

No. of people

YES

NO


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Q 7 On what bases you compare any newspaper with other newspaper?

a) Price b) Paper qualityc) Way of presenting newsd) If any other Please specify

Bases No. of People % Percentage Price 120 24Paper Quality 70 14Way Of presenting news 250 50Other 60 12

INTERPRETATION-:

1) Survey shows that way of presenting news is a most common tool to comparedifferent newspapers.

2) Coverage of news is another tool to compare two brand of newspaper3) Other tool to compare two newspapers is vocabulary, paper quality and price.

120

70250

60

NO. OF PEOPLE

PRICE

PAPER QUALITY

PRESENTATION

OTHER


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Q 8 How much attention do you pay on advertisement part of a newspaper?

a) 0 -25 % b) 25 50 %c) 50 - 75 %d) 75 100%

No. of People % Percentage 0- 25 % 110 2225 50 % 100 2050 75 % 180 3675- 100% 110 22

INTERPRETATION-:

It was found that people give their attention to advertisement according to their need

For example A person deals in property business always keep himself aware about real-estate market by reading newspaper regularly.

110

100180

110

NO. OF PEOPLE

0- 25 %

25 50 %

50 75 %

75- 100%


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Q 9- From how long you are reading the newspaper?

a) 0-6 months b) 6-12 monthsc) 1yr-2yrd) 2yr-3yre) If more than specify

INTERPRETATION-:

In this survey we come to know that people who are old in age or reading newspaper for last40 to 50 yr and the age when a person start reading newspaper is generally 18 to 25 yr.

30

50

90

125

205

NO. OF PEOPLE

0-6 Months

6-12 Months

1Yr 2 Yr

2yr 3 Yr

More then 3 Yr

Time No. of People % Percentage 0-6 Months 30 66-12 Months 50 101Yr 2 Yr 90 182yr 3 Yr 125 25More than 3 Yr 205 41


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Q10- Do you agree with the statement that age of the person make a difference in

reading habit.


Statement No. of People % Percentage Strongly agree 49 9.8Agree 95 19Little agree 114 22.8

Disagree. 242 48.4

INTERPRETATION-:

It was found that a big number of people were disagree with the statement because peoplewill like to continue with newspaper brand which the are reading from long time because

1) They become habitual to it.2) Other newspaper brand did not match with their taste & preferences

4995

114

242

No. of people

Strongly agree

Agree

Little agree

Disagree.


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Q11 Do you think that reading newspaper play a role to Increase generalawareness?


INTERPRETATION-:

In this interpretation it comes to know that most of the people were agree with the statementthere was a very little part of consumers who think that newspaper does not contain healthy

general knowledge.

403

70252

No. of people

Strongly agree

Agree

Little agree

Disagree.

Statement No. of People % Percentage Strongly agree 403 80.6Agree 70 19Little agree 25 5

Disagree. 2 0.4


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Q 12 Would you like to change your newspaper in future?

a) Yes b) No

Yes 52% No 48 %

INTERPRETATION-:

In the survey it come to know that 52% of people were saying that they may change theirdemand in the future because they were not habitual to that product on the other hand 48%

people were not ready to change their demand because they were using that product fromvery long time and another product was not meeting with their taste and preferences.

5248

NO. of people

YES

NO


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13.-Do you go through additional supplements that are provided with the newspaper?

a) Yes

b) No

Option Number Percentage

Yes 365 73

No 135 27

INTERPRETATION-:

Almost more than half of the people said that they read the additional supplements of thenewspaper and the rest which was a small portion said that they dont read the additionalsupplements.

73%

27%

no. of people

yes

No


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14- Does your newspaper provide you all the essential business information?

a)Yes

b) No

c) Doesnt read

OptionNumber Percentage(%)

Yes

130

26

No80

16

Doesnt read 290

58

INTERPRETATION-:

Maximum number of people said that they dont read the business section of the newspaper.A few said that they read it and all essential business news is provided to them and a very fewsaid that they are not provided with essential business information

26%

16%58%

no. of people

yes

no

doesn,t read


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15: Has the information from classified section been able to resolve your queries?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Doesnt read

Option Number Percentage(%)

Yes 134 26.8

No 109 21.8

Doesnt read 257 51

INTERPRETATION-:

A little more than half of the people said that they dont read the classified. 26% said thatthey read it and it resolves their queries and the rest said that the classified does not resolvetheir queries.

26.80%

21.80%

51%

no. of people

Yes

No

Doesnt read


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FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY-:

English language is not a problem for readers, the area of Chandigarh and Mohali people prefer English language most.

People more than 40 of age generally spend more time to read newspaper then the people ofage less than 40. Profession of peoples also play a part to choose a newspaper for example a person dealingin share market will read a business news paper.

Almost all the people were agree with the statement that newspaper play a role to increasegeneral awareness.

Advertising also play a role to increase the sale of newspaper because there are many persons whose purpose will be solved by the advertisement like advertisement of propertyand matrimonial.

Generally people give more preference to its coverage, paper quality and vocabulary. Supplement provided with the newspapers also play a role to increase its sale there aremany supplements like ascent, property by times of India who play very important role toincrease the sale of newspaper.

Print media make effect on newspaper market but newspapers still have a very good marketshare in Indian market because of print media is still considered as most reliable mediachannel as compare to any other media.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the

processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, orideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer andsociety. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology andeconomics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, bothindividually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such asdemographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It alsotries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, referencegroups, and society in general.

Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Research has shown thatconsumer behavior is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field. Relationshipmarketing is an influential asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest inthe re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of theimportance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumerretention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. Social functions can be categorized into social choice and welfarefunctions. In newspaper market the customers take decision by their reading habits. Theirfamily and past culture make an effect on reading habit of a news paper customer.Profession of consumer also affects it for example. If a person is dealing in share marketwill read business newspaper for sure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology


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Basic Concepts of Supply Chain Management

Supply chains encompass the companies and the business activities needed to design,

make, deliver, and use a product or service. Businesses depend on their supply chains to

provide them with what they need to survive and thrive. Every business fits into one or more

supply chains and has a role to play in each of them. The pace of change and the uncertainty

about how markets will evolve has made it increasingly important for companies to be aware

of the supply chains they participate in and to understand the roles that they play. Those

companies that learn how to build and participate in strong supply chains will have a

substantial competitive advantage in their markets.

There is a difference between the concept of supply chain management and the

traditional concept of logistics. Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within the

boundaries of a single organization and supply chains refer to networks of companies that

work together and coordinate their actions to deliver a product to market. Also traditional

Logistics focuses its attention on activities such as procurement, distribution, maintenance,

and inventory management. Supply chain management acknowledges all of traditional

logistics and also includes activities such as marketing, new product development, finance,

and customer service.

In the wider view of supply chain thinking, these additional activities are now seen as

part of the work needed to fulfil customer requests. Supply chain management views the

supply chain and the organizations in it as a single entity. It brings a systems approach to

understanding and managing the different activities needed to coordinate the flow of products

and services to best serve the ultimate customer. This systems approach provides the

framework in which to best respond to business requirements that otherwise would seem to

be in conflict with each other.


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Taken individually, different supply chain requirements often have conflicting needs.

For instance, the requirement of maintaining high levels of customer service calls for

maintaining high levels of inventory, but then the requirement to operate efficiently calls for

reducing inventory levels. It is only when these requirements are seen together as parts of a

larger picture that ways can be found to effectively balance their different demands. Effective

supply chain management requires simultaneous improvements in both customer service

levels and the internal operating efficiencies of the companies in the supply chain. Customer

service at its most basic level means consistently high order fill rates, high on-time delivery

rates, and a very low rate of products returned by customers for whatever reason. Internal

efficiency for organizations in a supply chain means that these organizations get an attractive

rate of return on their investments in inventory and other assets and that they find ways to

lower their operating and sales expenses.

There is a basic pattern to the practice of supply chain management. Each supply

chain has its own unique set of market demands and operating challenges and yet the issues

remain essentially the same in every case. Companies in any supply chain must make

decisions individually and collectively regarding their actions in five areas:

1. Production What products does the market want? How much of which products should

be produced and by when? This activity includes the creation of master production schedules

that take into account plant capacities, workload balancing, quality control, and equipment

maintenance.

2. Inventory What inventory should be stocked at each stage in a supply chain? How much

inventory should be held as raw materials, semi-finished, or finished goods? The primary

purpose of inventory is to act as a buffer against uncertainty in the supply chain. However,holding inventory can be expensive, so what are the optimal inventory levels and reorder

points?


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3. Location Where should facilities for production and inventory storage be located? Where

are the most cost efficient locations for production and for storage of inventory? Should

existing facilities be used or new ones built? Once these decisions are made they determine

the possible paths available for product to flow through for delivery to the final consumer.

4. Transportation How should inventory be moved from one supply chain location to

another? Air freight and truck delivery are generally fast and reliable but they are expensive.

Shipping by sea or rail is much less expensive but usually involves longer transit times and

more uncertainty. This uncertainty must be compensated for by stocking higher levels of

inventory. When is it better to use which mode of transportation?

5. Information How much data should be collected and how much information should be

shared? Timely and accurate information holds the promise of better coordination and better

decision making. With good information, people can make effective decisions about what to

produce and how much, about where to locate inventory and how best to transport it.

The sum of these decisions will define the capabilities and effectiveness of a

companys supply chain. The things a company can do and the ways that it can compete in its

markets are all very much dependent on the effectiveness of its supply chain. If a companys

strategy is to serve a mass market and compete on the basis of price, it had better have a

supply chain that is optimized for low cost. If a companys strategy is to serve a market

segment and compete on the basis of customer service and convenience, it had better have a

supply chain optimized for responsiveness. What a company is and what it can do is shaped by its supply chain and by the markets it serves .


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How the Supply Chain Works

Production

Production refers to the capacity of a supply chain to make and store products. The facilitiesof production are factories and warehouses. The fundamental decision that managers face

when making production decisions is how to resolve the trade-off between responsiveness

and efficiency. If factories and warehouses are built with a lot of excess capacity, they can be

very flexible and respond quickly to wide swings in product demand. Facilities where all or

almost all capacity is being used are not capable of responding easily to fluctuations in

demand. On the other hand, capacity costs money and excess capacity is idle capacity not in

use and not generating revenue. So the more excess capacity that exists, the less efficient theoperations become.

Inventory

Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain and includes everything from raw material to

work in process to finished goods that are held by the manufacturers, distributors, and

retailers in a supply chain. Again, managers must decide where they want to position

themselves in the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. Holding large amounts ofinventory allows a company or an entire supply chain to be very responsive to fluctuations in

customer demand. However, the creation and storage of inventory is a cost and to achieve

high levels of efficiency, the cost of inventory should be kept as low as possible.

Location

Location refers to the geographical setting of supply chain facilities. It also includes the

decisions related to which activities should be performed in each facility. The responsivenessversus efficiency trade-off here is the decision whether to centralize activities in fewer

locations to gain economies of scale and efficiency, or to decentralize activities in many

locations close to customers and suppliers in order for operations to be more responsive.

When making location decisions, managers need to consider a range of factors that relate to a

given location including the cost of facilities, the cost of labour, skills available in the

workforce, infrastructure conditions, taxes and tariffs, and proximity to suppliers and

customers. Location decisions tend to be very strategic decisions because they commit large

amounts of money to long-term plans.


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Transportation

This refers to the movement of everything from raw material to finished goods between

different facilities in a supply chain. In transportation the trade-off between responsiveness

and efficiency is manifested in the choice of transport mode. Fast modes of transport such as

airplanes are very responsive but also more costly. Slower modes such as ship and rail are

very cost efficient but not as responsive. Since transportation costs can be as much as a third

of the operating cost of a supply chain, decisions made here are very important.

Information

Information is the basis upon which to make decisions regarding the other four supply chain

drivers. It is the connection between all of the activities and operations in a supply chain. To

the extent that this connection is a strong one, (i.e., the data is accurate, timely, and

complete), the companies in a supply chain will each be able to make good decisions for their

own operations. This will also tend to maximize the profitability of the supply chain as a

whole.


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Participants in the Supply Chain

In its simplest form, a supply chain is composed of a company and the suppliers and customers of

that company. This is the basic group of participants that creates a simple supply chain. Extended

supply chains contain three additional types of participants. First there is the suppliers supplier or

the ultimate supplier at the beginning of an extended s upply chain. Then there is the customers

customer or ultimate customer at the end of an extended supply chain. Finally there is a whole

category of companies who are service providers to other companies in the supply chain. These are

companies who supply services in logistics, finance, marketing, and information technology.

Producers

Producers or manufacturers are organizations that make a product. This includes companies

that are producers of raw materials and companies that are producers of finished goods.

Distributors

Distributors are companies that take inventory in bulk from producers and deliver a bundle of

related product lines to customers. Distributors are also known as wholesalers. They typically

sell to other businesses and they sell products in larger quantities than an individual consumer

would usually buy.

Retailers

Retailers stock inventory and sell in smaller quantities to the general public. This

organization also closely tracks the preferences and demands of the customers that it sells to.

It advertises to its customers and often uses some combination of price, product selection,

service, and convenience as the primary draw to attract customers for the products it sells.

Customers

Customers or consumers are any organization that purchases and uses a product.


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Aligning the Supply Chain with Business Strategy

A companys supply chain is an integral part of its approach to the markets it serves. The

supply chain needs to respond to market requirements and do so in a way that supports the

companys business strategy. The business strategy a company employs starts with the needs

of the customers that the company serves or will serve. Depending on the needs of its

customers, a companys supply chain must deliver the appropriate mix of respons iveness and

efficiency. A company whose supply chain allows it to more efficiently meet the needs of its

customers will gain market share at the expense of other companies in that market and also

will be more profitable.

Information Systems that Support the Supply Chain

Information technology can support internal operations and also collaboration between

companies in a supply chain. Using high speed data networks and databases, companies can share

data to better manage the supply chain as a whole and their own individual positions within the

supply chain. The effective use of this technology is a key aspect of a companys success.

All information systems are composed of technology that performs three main functions:

data capture and communication; data storage and retrieval; and data manipulation and reporting.

Different information systems have different combinations of capabilities in these functional areas.

The specific combination of capabilities is dependent on the demands of the job that a system is

designed to perform. Information systems that are employed to support various aspects of supply

chain management are created from technologies that perform some combination of these

functions.

Developing Supply Chain Systems

After a company defines its supply chain strategy and sets the performance targets for the

markets it serves, the next step is to develop the systems needed to implement the strategy. Often

existing systems need to be enhanced and new systems need to be built. Here it presents a process

to follow to create the detailed system designs and to build those systems.


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NEWSPAPER

NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION

A newspaper' s circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. It is oneof the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same ascopies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without costto the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of theassumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person.

In many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureauof Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of

people claimed by the publisher.

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL:

CHANNEL FUNCTIONS AND FLOWS:

A marketing channel performs the work of moving goods from producers to consumers. Itovercomes the time, place, and possession of goods and services from those that need or want

them.

Members of the marketing channel perform the following functions:

They gather information about potential and current customers, competitors. And otherfactors and forces in the marketing environment.

They develop and disseminate persuasive communications to stimulate purchasing. They

reach agreement on price and other terms so that transfer of ownership or possession can be affected. They place orders with manufactures. They acquire the funds to finance inventories at

different levels in marketing channel. They assume risk connected with carrying out channel works. They provide for the successive storage and movement of physical products. They see the buyers payment of their bills through banks and other financial institutions.

They oversee actual transfer of ownership from one organization or person to other.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper


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2. WAREHOUSING AND TRANSPORT

Warehousing and transport are essential part of distribution system. Warehousing should be donein a manner minimum maintenance of cost should occur. That should be source of quick supply toconsumer because from their place basic supply starts. Transport is costly.

So decision should be taken as to whether warehousing are to be centrally situated or decentralized.To maintain economical support, control of cost of vehicle is essential and shipment must beplanned so those vehicle are effectively employed.

3. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

Operational research is valuable in improving aspects of distribution process:

a) By mathematical representation of whole distribution system.

b) Noting and comparing transport cost.

c) Measuring warehouses operation costs.

d) Measure stock level.

4. LOGISTIC MIX

There has been little close examination of possible savings in area of physical distribution, nowknown as logistic. Consumer wants product available at the righ t time, and right condition.

This is possible, if 5 key decisions are co-ordinate:

1-Facility

2- Inventory

3-Communication

4-Utilization

5- Transport.


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THE NEWSPAPER SUPPLY CHAIN

In India, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects otherthan Hindi and English. .

Due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more importance.

A newspaper industry consists of five major functional areas. These include editorial,advertising, production, administration and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material,which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is

performed by advertising and management is done by administration.

DISTRIBUTING A PRODUCT

A perishable good is one that either loses significant value if stored or a good that will causeeconomic loss if delivered late.

There are three main categories of perishable goods: Goods that are perishable only whenconsidered by the customer; Goods that are perishable only to the manufacturer; and Goods thatare perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspapers fall into this later category.

Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the

requirement that news be timely. Additionally, with the increase in commuting times, especially inthe large, metropolitan markets, late delivery is also not entertained.

Therefore, newspaper production/distribution is the problem of distributing highly perishableproducts under severe time constraints. The distribution channel consists of stages involved infulfilling consumer requirements. The channel includes manufactures, suppliers, transporters,vendors and customers.


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The distribution channel of a typical newspaper can be represented through the following flowdiagram:

PRINTING

FACILITY

SALESMEN

NEWSPAPER

DISTRIBUTOR

VENDOR

HAWKER

BOOKSTALLS

READER


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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

It is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process fromsupplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. It involves coordinating andintegrating these flows both within and among companies.

Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows:

The product flow

The information flow

The finances flow

Product flow: The final product is distribute through printing place to warehouse todistributers to vendors and lastly to the readers.

Information flow : information or the news required for the printing is collected throughdifferent news agencies, newspapers reporter and than to the editorial from where final news

goes to printing press.

Finances flow: The finance required for the various function of the printing, handling,distributing comes mainly through the advertisements. Because cost of production of anewspaper is around six rupees, and selling price is around two rupees. So the profit comesthrough only advertisements print in the newspaper.

FINDING THE VALUE

Newspapers require unique definition of their product, information, and financial flows to beadapted to supply chain and other quantifiable management programs.

The primary supply chain flow for newspapers is the outbound product flow and its associatedinformation flow.

Newspapers have successfully separated subscriber and advertiser cash flow timing from productdelivery.


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As such, all financial flows within the newspaper supply chain are either discretionary or direct costsresulting from the supply chain in place.

NEWS PRINT & INK

Inbound transportation of newsprint and ink is largely governed by broad purchasing contracts andcommodity pricing. These channels are best left flexible to leverage base product pricing, as thispricing gain exceeds any potential for savings from an optimized inbound supply chain.

The inbound raw material that controls the start time of critical manufacturing processes isintangible. News happens without regard for newspaper deadlines. News deadlines are set toprovide the latest possible news to the subscriber, while advertising deadlines are set to allow thewidest possible purchasing window for advertisers. Both deadlines must allow necessary time forthe remaining links in the supply chain to process any packages fronted by these start times, andbacked by consumer delivery deadlines.

ADVERTISING & NEWS

In order to preserve both late news and early delivery deadlines, traditional efficiency gains havecome by Reducing costs.

Looking forward, ratios may be better by adding time to the process, allowing cost to be reducedfurther, while keeping service levels intact.

PRESS OPERATIONS

The critical time for press operations is the fixed run time. Papers per hour output is limited by thespeed of a press and the number of presses. The number and type of press is difficult and costly toalter.

Remaining opportunities inside press operations involve eliminating any barriers to maximumsustainable speed. The value of each stop and start, each edition change, or once weekly collect run,should be assessed versus its total cost to the supply chain.

Odd production days and unnecessary edition

Breaks can add time and cost to the supply chain. However, unless all current final production runsdeliver directly to stackers rather than to the mailroom for additional processing, value can best bederived from other areas of the newspaper supply chain.

PACKAGING OPERATIONS

Packaging process, flow, and timing are the keystone to huge potential cost gains to the total supply

chain, especially for newspapers unable to increase value at other links in the chain. Speed andaccuracy during the final production process are the typical focus for packaging management.


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WORKFLOW

The packaging link in the supply chain controls the work flow not only for itself, but for eachdownstream element in the supply chain.

Package design, count, timing, and handling must act to balance workflow for packaging anddistribution to achieve the lowest possible cost.

Mailroom headcount and shifts, packaging equipment type and quantity, handling methods, storageneeds, distribution operations management needs, vehicle type and number, driver type, count, andshifting, carrier count and route length all of these factors must balance for maximum gain. Eachnewspaper will have different needs and priorities, requiring a customized model andconsiderations; however, the focal point for this balance is the largest cost in the system, the humanresource availability and prevailing wages in the local market place.

DISTRIBUTION OPERATIONS

Distribution operations for most newspapers are reactive. They receive product by time and mustcomplete operations by time .All delays in earlier supply chain links must be compensated for bydistribution, or the consumer suffers. These parameters can be altered by changes up stream in thesupply chain, but solutions inside the distribution link can still bring broad value to the overall cost ofthe newspaper supply chain.

In order to assess the potential for improvement within a newspapers distribution operations, theactivity must be divided into two parts: Bulk Distribution and Carrier Distribution.

COMPLIANCE & RISK

To simply driver hiring, many newspapers use trucks . These trucks can carry At the very most,

newspapers, (5) pallets,(10) carts, or about 350 bundles.


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.

CONCLUSIONThis summer training in Times Of India gave me immense knowledge and experience. I got

to learn many things like different customers and their behaviour, how to behave with

different people, likes and dislikes of people, preferences of people, how much money people

are willing to spend, how to convince people, marketing, etc. I also got to know about the

goodwill of Times Of India, their different products and services, their various schemes, etc.

Therefore I am very thankful to my college for placing me in the Times Group for my

summer training.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.indiatimes.com

Documents

A Project on the Supply Chain Management of Newspaper and Magazine