A Prasentation on Special Country Estonia

8/13/2019 A Prasentation on Special Country Estonia

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Submitted to :-

PROF. SAMEER ROHADIA

Submitted by :- ROLL.NO:

BHAVIK DESAI 7(A)ASHVIN MAKWANA 16 (A)


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BASIC INTRODUCTIONESTONIA

Location : EuropeStatus : UN Member CountryCapital City : TallinnMain Cities : Tartu, Narva, Kohtla

Jrve, PrnuPopulation : 1,574,000 Area:45,000

km2Currency : 1 euro = 100 cents

Languages : Estonian (61%),Russian (30%)Religions : Lutheran, Russian

Orthodox, Baptist


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ESTONIAN PRESIDENT

MR TOOMAS HENDRIK ILVES

MR AND MRS PRESIDENT


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COUNTRYS BIRTHDAY

24 FEBRUARY 1918


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RAHVUSLIND SUITSUPSUKE

TEGIN PKSID, TEGIN PKSID,KAKS REIT KORRAGA,TMMASIN LHKI KAKRR!

THE NATIONAL BIRD OF ESTONIA - BARN SWALLOW


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RAHVUSKIVI PAEKIVITHE NATIONAL STONE - LIMESTONE

LEIDUB ROHKESTIEESTIMAAPHJAOSAS JASAARTEL

TO BE FOUND INQUANTITIES IN THENORTHERN PART OFESTONIA AND ON THE

ISLANDS


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RAHVUSLILL RUKKILILL

SAI EESTI RAHVUSLILLEKS 1969. AASTAL

WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE NATIONAL FLOWER IN 1968

RUKKILILLSEEPUHASSININEIEKE

KIIKUMASKULDSESLEIVAVILJASRUKKIS

THE NATIONAL FLOWER OF ESTONIA - CORNFLOWER


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SYMBOLS

HMN MU ISAMAA, MU NN JA RM(NATIONAL ANTHEM MY FATHERLAND, MY HAPPINESS AND JOY )
http://www.helsinki.fi/~jnuotio/mids/hymn.html


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THE ESTONIAN COATOF ARMS

THE OLDEST KNOWNIMPRINT OF THE SEALWITH THREE LIONSDATES BACK TO 1294,GIVEN TO TALLINN BYKING WALDEMAR II OFDENMARK

THE RESOLUTION TOESTABLISH THE COAT OFARMS WAS ADOPTED ONJUNE 19, 1925


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EESTIRAHVARIIDEDESTONIAN NATIONAL COSTUMES


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THE ESTONIAN NATIONALFLAG

Sinine - taevas, meri, usaldus ja

truudusBlue sky, sea, trust and loyalty

Must - muld, rahvariiete must kuubBlack earth, the black coat of traditional

costume

Valge - pe valguse, hariduse pooleWhite the strive for light and education


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EESTI RAHAESTONIAN MONEY

1 EUR =1,56,466 EEK


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HISTORY


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THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA


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History of Estonia Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning

from around 8500 BC. Before the Germans invaded in the 13th

century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped thespirits of nature. Since the Northern Crusades Estonia became abattleground for centuries where Denmark, Germany, Russia,Sweden and Poland fought their many wars over controlling theimportant geographical position of the country as a gateway

between East and West. Being conquered by Danes and Germans in 1227, Estonia was

ruled initially by Denmark in the north, by the Livonian Order,an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the TeutonicKnights and Baltic German church states of the Holy Roman

Empire. From 14181562 the whole of Estonia was part of theLivonian Confederation. After the Livonian War, Estonia becamepart of the Sweden from the 16th century to 1710/1721, when itwas ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the GreatNorthern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German

nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language ofadministration and education was German.


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The Estophile Enlightenment Period 17501840 led to theEstonian national awakening in the middle of the 19th century.In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions,the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued inFebruary 1918. The Estonian War of Independence ensued ontwo fronts between the newly proclaimed state and BolshevistRussia to the east and the Baltic German forces (the BaltischeLandeswehr) to the south, resulting in the Tartu Peace Treatyrecognizing Estonian independence in perpetuity.

In 1939-1940, Estonia was occupied and (according to e.g. theUSA, the EU, and the European Court of Human Rights)illegally annexed by the Soviet Union as a result of the

Molotov

Ribbentrop Pact. During the war Estonia wasoccupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, then reoccupied by theSoviet Union in 1944. Estonia regained independence in 1991after the collapse of the USSR and joined the European Unionin 2004.


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LOCATION AND SIZE

Located in northeastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Seaon the west, the Gulf of Finland on the north, Latvia onthe south, and Russia on the east, Estonia has an area of45,226 square kilometers (17,500 square miles), smaller

than New Hampshire and Vermont combined. Thecapital, Tallinn, is situated on the Gulf of Finland; othermajor cities include Tartu, Parnu, and Narva. Estonia isthe smallest of the Baltic countries (the others being Latviaand Lithuania) that emerged as independent republics

when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.


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POPULATION The population of Estonia was estimated at 1.43 million in July

2000, with a density of 32 persons per square kilometer (82 per

square mile), one of the lowest population densities in Europe.In 2000 the birth rate was 8.45 per 1,000 population, while thedeath rate was 13.55 per 1,000, giving Estonia a negativepopulation growth rate of negative .59 percent. Thegovernment may introduce tax breaks for families with 3 ormore children in 2001 in an attempt to increase the population

growth rate. Estonia is relatively prosperous and has notexperienced any massive emigration , yet its net migrationrate was estimated at-0.79 migrants per 1,000 population in2000. The population is also aging, with just 18 percent belowthe age of 14, and approximately 14 percent older than 65

years of age. The urban population makes up about 73 percentof the total.

Ethnic Estonians, ethnically and linguistically close to theFinns, make up 64 percent of the population, and ethnicRussians (living mostly in and around Narva) form 29 percent

of the population.


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Ethnic Russians made up only 4 percent of the populationbefore the Soviet Union annexed Estonia in 1940, but Russiansimmigrated in large numbers during the Soviet period of

industrialization. After Estonia restored its independence in1991, only Russians (and their descendants) who had lived inthe country before 1940 were granted Estonian citizenship. Allothers were subject to a citizenship exam testing Estonianlanguage proficiency. Many did not speak Estonian, and by

1998 about 22 percent of the Estonian population wasconsidered foreign (9 percent had Russian or other foreignpassports and 13 percent were stateless). In 1998, underpressure from Russia and the European Union, thegovernment eased the citizenship provisions and amendedthe language law.


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SERVICES

1. FINANCE2. TOURISM

3. RETAIL

4. DEPENDENCIES

5. MONETARY UNIT

6. CHIEF EXPORTS

7. CHIEF IMPORTS

8. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT9. BALANCE OF TRADE

10. ECONOMIC SECTORS


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FINANCE The Bank of Estonia was established in 1990, and became the

central bank following its merger with the Estonian branch of

Gosbank (the Soviet central bank) in 1992. The early days ofindependence witnessed a rapid proliferation of banks42were started by the end of 1992when they encounteredserious solvency difficulties, caused by stagnation and badloans (granted to insolvent private debtors or loss-making statefirms).

The sector has since been consolidated through mergers andthe closure of loss-makers, and in 1998 there were 11 banks. The4 largest in 1998 were Eesti Uhispank (Union Bank of Estonia),Hansapank, Eesti Hoiupank (Estonian Savings Bank), andTallinna Pank, and there was only 1 foreign bank branch

(Merita Bank of Finland) and 5 foreign bank offices. In 2000Hansapank and Uhispank were owned, respectively, bySwedbank and SEB (both Swedish). The financial sector isconsidered modern and efficient. About 10 percent of Estoniansbanked online in 2000, and since only a few users had creditcards, banks developed other online payment systems.


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TOURISM The number of visitors in 1998 was 1.5 million and the

revenues US$660 million. In 1998 the number of visitorsincreased by one-third from the previous year due to theabolition of visa requirements for Nordic countries and thelower costs of travel to Estonia. The government-fundedEstonian Tourism Board, besides attracting visitors toTallinn and Tartu, advertises Estonia's national parks andreserves and its Baltic seaside resorts.

RETAILE stonia's consumer goods boom is based on economic

growth And high consumer confidence. Estonians have a

passion for household electronics and, as the absence ofcustoms tariffs keeps imported household appliancescheaper, toasters, coffee makers, and mixers are found inthe majority of Estonian homes. Finnish retailers, attractedby liberal regulations, dominate retail in Tallinn. Finnish

tourists form a quarter of the retailers' clientele, lured byEstonia's lower value added tax


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DEPENDENCIES

Estonia has no territories or colonies.

MONETARY UNIT

Estonian kroon (EEK). One kroon equals 100 sents. There arebills of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 krooni, and coins of 1and 5 krooni and 5, 10, 20, and 50 senti. The EEK is peggedto the German mark at a rate of 8:1.

CHIEF EXPORTS

Manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment,

timber, chemicals, food.

CHIEF IMPORTS

Machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods,

chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food.


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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT US$7.9 billion (purchasing power parity, 1999 est.).

BALANCE OF TRADE

Exports: US$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999).

Imports: US$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1999).

ECONOMIC SECTORS

The economy of Estonia is service-based, with servicescontributing 65.7 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in1999, while industry is responsible for 30.7 percent, andagriculture and forestry comprise 3.6 percent of GDP. Estonia

has natural deposits of shale oil, peat, phosphorite, amber,cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, and timber and arableland. Services, especially transportation and tourism, are theprincipal growth sectors, although the manufacturing and theforest products sectors are also likely to see growth.


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ELECTION OF ESTONIA Estonia electsa legislature on the national level. The Riigikogu

has 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportionalrepresentation. A head of state - the president - is elected for afive-year term by parliament (1st-3rd round) or an electoralcollege (4th and subsequent rounds). Locally, Estonia elects localgovernment councils, which vary in size. Election law states theminimum size of a council depending on the size of municipality.Local government councils are elected by proportionalrepresentation too.

The minimum number of council members is prescribed to be atleast 7 seats

Over 2,000 inhabitants: at least 13 seats Over 5,000 inhabitants: at least 17 seats

Over 10,000 inhabitants: at least 21 seats




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Symbols of Estonia

The colours of Estonian flag are blue, black andwhite

National flower is cornflower

National bird is swallow

National stone is limestone

National anthem is ,,Mu isamaa , mu nn ja

rm

National Coat of Arms is a golden shield whichincludes three lions in the middle, with oakbranches along the side of the shield.


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Biggest cities

The biggest cities in Estonia areTallinn, Tartu , Prnu, Narva In Tartuthere is the biggest and oldestUniversity in Estonia


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Suur Munamgi

Suur Munamgi is the highest peak of Estonia

and also in the Baltic States.

It is located near the Haanja upland and its total

height is 318 m above sea level .


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Culture

The Estonian Song Festival is one of the largest choral events

in the world. Its held every four years on the Tallinn SongFestival Grounds.

Thousans of dancers wear national costumes as they Dancearound the pitch. Dance Festival usually takes place at thesame weekend as the Song Festival.

Festive procession is from the Center of Tallinn to the SongFestival Grounds


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TRANSPORTATION
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pitka.jpg


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STUDY OF ESTONIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tartu_%C3%9Clikooli_peahoone_2012.jpg


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The Estonian school system

Estonian children must go to school from theage of 7 to 17.

Most children go to a nursery school or

preschool before they start school.


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Goals of the field for the year 2013:

90% o f ch i ldren whose nat ive language is other

than Estonian have the opportun i ty to part ic ipate

in Estonian-language studies in kindergarten,

pre-school and oth er childrensins t i tu t ions (In

2007 75% of chi ldren has access to Estonian

language training )


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Materials

The teaching programes for Estonian as asecond language for pre-school children

The teaching module of the curriculum for the

basic training of pre-school teachers of Estonianas a second language

The curriculum for supplementary training ofteachers of Estonian for pre-schools


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A few important activities:

teachers and pr inc ip les of Estonian and Russ ianmedium schools wi l l part ic ipate in tra in ing in

mult icu l tural educat ion .

some 3-5 new k indergartens and scho ols w i l l jo in

the language immersion pro gramme every year.

al l teachers and heads of schools Russian

medium schoo l wi l l pass courses in the Eston ian

language.

the annual su ppo rt of about 150 cul tura l societ ies

of ethnic m inor i t ies and 15 Sunday sch ools wi l lcont inue.


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LANGUAGE OF ESTONIA

Regular teaching The teaching programmefor Estonian as a second language for pre-school children (25) times a week, which, ifpossible is integrated with other learning.

Teaching Estonian in class of immersionlanguagemore than half of teaching is donein Estonia. 5 year old children start learningEstonian during every day activities and games.The teacher speaks only Estonian.

Bilingual teaching One teachercommunicates with the children in their nativelanguage and another in Estonian.


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Documents

A Prasentation on Special Country Estonia