A PPLIED E DUCATIONAL S YSTEMS Health Science Table of Contents Lesson 10 – Burns A burn is an injury caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation, or electricity

APPLIED EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMSHealth ScienceHealth Science

Table of Contents

Lesson 10 – Burns

A burn is an injury caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation, or electricity.

Burns are traumatic in that they can cause extreme pain, permanent disfigurement, psychological problems, and even death.


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Lesson 10 – Types of Burns

Thermal - caused by house fires, car accidents, scalding water, irons, sunburn, etc.

Chemical - caused by contact with acids or alkaline. Contact includes ingesting, inhalation, and injection.

Electrical - caused by faulty electrical wiring, chewing on electrical cords, high-voltage power lines, and the rare occurrence of lightening strikes.


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Lesson 10 – First-Degree Burns

First-degree burns:▫ Superficial burns▫ Most mild burn▫ Damages only the epidermis

Symptoms:▫ Hot, red, dry skin▫ Mild Swelling▫ Pain

Causes:▫ Sunburn▫ Brief contact with hot

objects, steam, or weak acids


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Lesson 10 – Second-Degree Burns

Second-degree burns:▫ Partial-thickness burns▫ Effects the epidermis and

the dermis

Symptoms:▫ Blister or vesicle▫ Skin appears wet and

mottled▫ Swelling

Causes:▫ Boiling liquid and fire▫ Extreme sunburn▫ Artificial radiation


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Lesson 10 – Third-Degree Burns

Third-degree burns:▫ Full-thickness burns▫ Affects the epidermis, dermis,

the tissue beneath the skin, and possibly the muscles and bones

Symptoms:▫ White or charred skin

Causes:▫ Fire and flames▫ Extended contact with hot

objects▫ Exposure to electricity▫ Immersion in a boiling

substance


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Lesson 10 – Extent and Severity of Burns

Burns are also categorized based on the extent and severity of the injury

The Rule of Nines ▫ Adults should get medical

care if burns cover more than 15% of the body

▫ Children should get medical care if burns cover more than 10% of the body.

Another method for categorizing burns is a combination of the burn’s depth and its size.


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STOP

- BURNS DISCUSSION- COMPLETE THIRD PART OF THE WEBQUEST


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Lesson 12 – Bone and Joint Injuries

Bone and joint injuries include fractures and breaks, dislocations, sprains, and strains.

Common causes for these injuries are falls and other accidents, working muscles too hard, and sports injuries.


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Lesson 12 – Fractures

Fractures are breaks or cracks in a bone. ▫ Compound facture - a break

and an open wound▫ Simple fracture – a break with

no accompanying open wound

Symptoms:▫ Deformity▫ Limited or loss of motion▫ Pain and swelling▫ Discoloration▫ Protrusion of bone through the

skin▫ Hearing the bone break▫ Grating sensation


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Lesson 12 – Dislocations

A dislocation occurs when a bone separates from a joint or is moved out of place in the joint.

Symptoms:▫ Deformity▫ Limited or abnormal

movement▫ Swelling▫ Discoloration▫ Pain▫ Shortening or lengthening

of the limb


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Lesson 12 – Sprains

A sprain is a stretch or tear in the ligaments and tendons around a joint.

Symptoms:▫ Swelling▫ Discoloration▫ Pain▫ Possibly limited motion


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Lesson 12 – Strains

A strain occurs when a muscle is overused or overstretched. Strain injuries are common in the back.

Symptoms:▫ Sudden pain▫ Swelling▫ Bruising


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STOP

- Fractures, sprains, etc DISCUSSION- COMPLETE FOURTH PART OF THE WEBQUEST


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Lesson 14 – Foreign Bodies

Foreign bodies are objects or substances that have entered the body and do not belong there.

Foreign bodies range in seriousness from a simple splinter in a foot or finger to the life-threatening situation of an object blocking a person’s airway.

The location of the foreign body determines the specific type of care that should be provided.


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Lesson 14 – Foreign Bodies in the Eye

Common objects that can get into the eye include soap, beauty products, dirt, eyelashes, and insects.

Serious foreign bodies in the eye include sharp objects that can puncture the eye.

Sharp objects that are lodged in the eye should be removed by a doctor.


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Lesson 14 – Foreign Bodies in the Ear

Common objects that can get into the ear include insects, small objects, and chemicals.

Generally, objects in the outer part of the ear do not cause significant damage, and they often fall out when the head is gently shaken .

More stubborn objects can usually be removed with blunt tweezers or forceps.


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Lesson 14 – Flushing Objects from the Ear

If an object cannot be removed from the ear using tweezers, the ear can be flushed with a few drops of warm oil or water.

If flushing the ear does not remove the object, then the patient should seek medical help.


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Lesson 14 – Foreign Bodies in the Nose

Common objects that can get into the nostrils include insects and chemicals that are accidentally inhaled.

Children are also famous for placing objects such as coins, buttons, pebbles, marbles and other small toys in their noses.

In most cases, the foreign body can be safely removed without medical help.


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Lesson 14 – Foreign Bodies in the Skin

Common objects that can get into the skin include splinters, insect stingers, and fish hooks.

In most cases, the foreign body can be safely removed without professional medical help.


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Lesson 15 – Poisons

Poison is any substance that causes injury, illness, or death when it enters or comes in contact with the body.

Poison may be swallowed, injected, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Exact treatment for poisoning varies according to the substance, the amount, the way it enters the body, and whether the patient is conscious or unconscious.


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Lesson 15 – The Poison Control Center

In most cases, poison does not enter the bloodstream right away, so fast action can prevent injury or death.

If a patient has swallowed or inhaled poison, the health care worker should call EMS or the local Poison Control Center immediately.

The Poison Control Center is prepared to help treat poison cases by giving specific instructions over the phone.


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Lesson 15 – Signs of Poisoning

Symptoms of poisoning:▫ Burns or redness around

mouth and lips▫ Breath that smells like

chemicals▫ Vomiting▫ Difficulty breathing▫ Sleepiness or confusion▫ Dramatic changes in

appearance or behavior


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Lesson 15 – Gather Information

What is the poisonous agent?

How did the poison enter the body?

How much poison entered the body?

What time did the poison enter the body?


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STOP

- Foreign Bodies and poisoning DISCUSSION- COMPLETE FIFTH PART OF THE WEBQUEST


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Lesson 17 – Exposure to Heat

Overexposure to heat can cause a chemical imbalance that prevents the body’s cooling system from working properly.

Causes of overexposure to heat include:▫ Being in extreme heat for

too long ▫ Working or exercising on a

hot day▫ Illnesses, such as heart

conditions, diabetes, and high blood pressure


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Lesson 17 – Heat Cramps

Heat cramps occur when a person perspires a lot, usually through working or exercising on a hot day.

A heat cramp is essentially a muscle cramp.

Symptoms:▫ Muscle pain▫ Muscle spasm


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Lesson 17 – Heat Exhaustion

Similar to heat cramps, heat exhaustion also occurs when the body loses too much water and salt through perspiration.

Symptoms:▫ Pale and clammy skin▫ Excessive perspiration ▫ Weakness and tiredness▫ Headache▫ Heat cramps▫ Nausea and dizziness ▫ Vomiting or fainting


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Lesson 17 – Heat Stroke

A heat stroke occurs when heat causes high blood pressure and very high body temperature.

Symptoms: ▫ Red, dry, flushed skin ▫ Rapid, shallow breathing ▫ High temperature▫ Fast, strong pulse▫ Seizure ▫ Irritability and confusion▫ Unconsciousness


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Lesson 18 – Exposure to Cold

Cold temperatures cause the body to shiver, which helps to keep it warm. However, even shivering is unable to keep the body warm in some conditions.

Causes of exposure to cold include:▫ Improper dress▫ Immersion in very cold

water▫ An affect of illnesses


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Lesson 18 – Hypothermia

A patient with hypothermia will have a temperature reading below 95°F.

Hypothermia can be caused by submersion in extremely cold water. It can also result from spending too much time in cool, damp environments.

Symptoms:▫ Shivering▫ Numbness▫ Drowsiness▫ Confusion▫ Poor coordination▫ Unconsciousness


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Lesson 18 – Frostbite

Frostbite occurs when skin and the tissues and fluids beneath it freeze from exposure to extremely cold temperatures.

Symptoms:▫ Redness and tingling▫ Numbness and white or

gray/yellow, glossy skin ▫ Blisters ▫ Confusion▫ Fatigue and weakness▫ Unconsciousness


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STOP

- Heat Exhaustion DISCUSSION- COMPLETE SIXTH PART OF THE WEBQUEST


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Lesson 20 – Heart Attacks

A heart attack is a decline in the amount of blood supplied to the heart, which results in damage to the heart muscle.

Causes:▫ Blockages in the arteries▫ Blood clots▫ Artery spasms▫ Heart spasms


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Lesson 20 – Heart Attack Symptoms

Common heart attack symptoms include: ▫ Pressure or pain in the

chest or upper abdomen that lasts more than a few minutes and becomes stronger with time

▫ Pain that runs from chest to the arm, jaw, neck, or abdomen

▫ Difficulty breathing▫ Irregular or rapid heartbeat▫ Weakness


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Lesson 20 – Heart Attack Symptoms (continued)

“Silent” heart attack symptoms may include: ▫ Nausea▫ Heavy perspiration▫ Dizziness▫ Fainting▫ Vomiting▫ A feeling of fullness,

choking, or indigestion


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Lesson 21 – Strokes

A stroke is the reduction or lack of blood supplied to the brain.

Causes:▫ Blockages in arteries that

supply blood to the brain▫ Hemorrhaging from a

blood vessel located in the brain

▫ High blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, aging, heredity, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and drugs that cause blood clots


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Lesson 21 – Stroke Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the part of the brain the stroke affects and how long the stroke lasts.

Common symptoms:▫ Severe headache▫ Numbness, especially on

one side of the body▫ Trouble seeing out of one or

both eyes▫ Trouble walking, caused by

dizziness or loss of coordination

▫ Confusion or difficulty speaking


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Lesson 22 – Fainting

Fainting is a loss of consciousness that results from a temporarily reduced supply of blood to the brain.

Causes:▫ Fatigue▫ Heat stroke▫ Extreme emotion▫ Illness or disease


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Lesson 22 – Fainting (continued)

Symptoms that might occur prior to fainting:▫ Dizziness▫ Nausea▫ Perspiration▫ Pale, clammy skin▫ Tingling in the hands, feet,

and face▫ Blurred vision or seeing

spots▫ Ringing in the ears▫ Sensation that the room is

spinning or moving


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Lesson 23 – Diabetic Reactions

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is caused by the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin.

Insulin is used by the body to get glucose from the blood to body cells.

Causes of diabetic reaction:▫ A diabetic who eats too

much sugar ▫ A diabetic how takes too

little or too much medication


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Lesson 23 – Insulin Shock

When a diabetic has too much insulin and too little glucose in the blood, insulin shock, or hypoglycemia, may occur.

Insulin shock often happens suddenly and can result in convulsions or a coma.

Causes of shock:▫ Eating poorly▫ Getting too much exercise ▫ Taking too much insulin


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Lesson 23 – Insulin Shock (continued)

Symptoms of insulin shock:▫ Weakness, shakiness,

or dizziness▫ Anxiety, confusion, or

irritability▫ Perspiration▫ Pounding heart▫ Hunger▫ Moist, pale skin▫ Double vision▫ Headache


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Lesson 23 – Diabetic Coma

When a diabetic has too much glucose in the blood, the patient may go into a diabetic coma, or hyperglycemia.

Causes of diabetic coma: ▫ Eating too much sugar or

carbohydrates▫ Eating too little▫ Failing to take the right

amount of insulin▫ Emotional stress▫ Fever▫ Infection


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Lesson 23 – Diabetic Coma (continued)

Symptoms of diabetic coma:▫ Confusion▫ Dizziness▫ Weakness▫ Dry mouth▫ Weak, rapid pulse▫ Nausea or vomiting▫ Sweet-smelling breath▫ Rapid, deep breathing▫ Dry, flushed skin


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Lesson 24 – Seizures

Seizures▫ Begin as a sudden and

severe uncontrollable contraction of muscles that causes the patient to become stiff

▫ The sudden stiffness is quickly followed by involuntary movement

During a seizure, patients may:▫ Lose consciousness and stop

breathing ▫ Lose control of bladder and

bowels ▫ Bite their tongues


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Lesson 24 – Seizures (continued)

Causes of seizures:▫ Elevated body temperature▫ Head injuries▫ Brain diseases and

disorders, most notably epilepsy

The greatest concern with seizures is that patients can hurt themselves while they are convulsing.


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Lesson 24 – Seizure Warnings

Warning signs of a seizure:▫ Dizziness▫ Nauseousness▫ Numbness▫ Slight headache▫ Upset stomach▫ Tingling sensation▫ Racing thoughts▫ Strong emotions▫ Feeling of deja-vu▫ Blurry or dimmed vision▫ Strange taste in the mouth▫ Staring or “zoning out”


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STOP

- SUDDEN ILLNESSES DISCUSSION- COMPLETE SEVENTH AND FINAL PART OF THE WEBQUEST

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A PPLIED E DUCATIONAL S YSTEMS Health Science Table of Contents Lesson 10 – Burns A burn is an injury caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation, or electricity