A Port Energy and

Emission Inventory Model

Green Tech 2012, Green Marine Annual Conference

Quebec City: May 29, 30

Bryan McEwen, SNC-Lavalin Inc., Environment Division

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Overview

Port Air Emissions Assessment in Canada

Port Emissions Inventory Framework

Transport Canada Port Energy and Emissions Model

Port Inventory Examples

Related Initiatives

Port Air Assessment in Canada –

Summary timeline Public perception of marine and port emissions in Canada

• Ports within larger metropolitan areas receive greater attention from

government and public

• Media reports note increasing ship emissions, ‘dirty’ fuels used (2000

– 2005)

• Metro Vancouver in particular

‘Gateway’ Port Developments

• Canadian Pacific ports (Metro Vancouver, Prince Rupert)

• Evaluation of potential options and infrastructure (e.g., short sea

shipping)

• Environmental performance valued by those receiving goods through

the transportation chain

Canadian Port Assessments Begin

• Port Metro Vancouver ‘Landside Emissions Inventory’ (2005)

• Port of Montreal Emissions Inventory, 2007

What is a ‘Port Emissions Inventory’?

An activity-based accounting of

emissions from the significant

(mobile) sources under the

influence of a port

• Ships

• Rail

• Cargo Handling Equipment

• Trucking

• Admin

Common Air Contaminants (CACs),

GHGs, air toxics

Baseline year and forecasts (2015,

2020, 2025)

Assessment by terminal, rolled up to

the port level

RailFacility RailProvincial/National Rail

••

Onroad VehiclesFacility VehiclesHighway Vehicles

••

AdminBuildingsCompound Lighting

••

Cargo HandlingEquipment

LoadersStackers/Cranes

••Offroad TrucksMiscellaneous

••

MarineOcean Going VesselsHarbour Vessels

••

Representation of a Marine Terminal

Port Boundaries

Operational basis – no dependence on land

ownership or corporate relationships

• All facilities engaged in marine trade

Distinct geographical boundaries

• Terminal/Facility boundary

• Port Boundary

• (optional) Airshed Boundary

Activities and Emissions allocated by source

group to each boundary

Port Emissions Inventory Protocol

Development (2009, updated 2012)

Included Components:

• Methods of port emissions assessment by

source group (marine, rail, truck, cargo

handling equipment, Administration)

• Available tools and data sets

• Available port data (commodity, forecasts)

• Supports development of performance

metrics

(e.g., tonnes emission / TEU)

Ports Model Internal Datasets – equipment

identification, emission calculations

Marine Vessel

• Lloyd Sea web (vessel Identification, engines)

• Emissions Data (e.g., IVL ship emission test data)

Vehicle

• U.S. EPA ‘Mobile’ emission rates and engine emission standards

Cargo Handling Equipment

• U.S. EPA ‘Nonroad’ emission rates and engine tier standards

Rail

• Locomotive emissions test data and U.S. EPA tier emission standards

Admin

• Boiler emission rates, etc

Tenant Questionnaire

Organized by source

group;

Drop lists for allowed

responses

Instructions, hints,

feedback

Questionnaire designed

for tenants, database

model for ports (port

consultants)

Transport Canada Port Emissions Inventory

Model

Note competition on emissions intensity, gateway comparisons

Need to show sources somehow – with pics maybe.

Tenant Questionnaire

(MS Excel)

Database Model

(MS Access)

Port Metro Vancouver Example (2010

inventory completed in 2012)

• Over 100 Port-related facilities

• Located throughout the Lower

Fraser Valley of British

Columbia

• Facilities exist on a mix of

private and port land (although

most have a waterfront lease

from the Port)

• Participation voluntary (lease

agreements do not require

provision of information)

Port Montreal Example (2007 inventory

completed in 2008)

• Inland port on St. Lawrence

River

• 15 terminals

• Located on Port lands

• Port operates one terminal as

well as a port rail network

• Participation voluntary (lease

agreements do not require

provision of information)

In simplest form, an emissions inventory is an annual summary of

emissions for the port operations (baseline and forecasts).

Example, Port Metro Vancouver Emission Inventory completed for 2005

operations

Annual Air Contaminants Emissions (tonnes) and Fuel Consumption (kilolitres)

Inventory

Year NOx SOx CO HC PM10 PM2.5 NH3 CO2 CH4 N2O Fuel

1990 546.3 14.5 505.1 60.4 29.0 28.1 0.4 26,254 2.1 8.9 10,174

1995 685.6 24.7 598.8 75.3 41.4 40.0 0.6 36,668 2.8 12.4 14,154

2000 810.2 25.7 855.1 93.4 39.8 38.3 0.8 50,955 4.4 11.8 20,033

2005 872.2 27.4 891.0 80.8 43.8 42.1 1.2 69,113 5.7 10.2 26,920

2010 827.9 4.0 561.2 60.9 35.2 33.8 1.5 84,100 6.8 8.8 32,825

2015 691.8 0.6 527.7 54.8 26.8 25.5 1.9 105,575 8.1 9.7 41,115

2020 525.2 0.7 494.2 51.3 17.7 16.6 2.4 133,758 9.9 11.2 51,948

• Equipment replacement:

• Dockside cranes, yard locomotives

• Equipment retrofits:

• Diesel oxidation catalysts, particulate filters

• Alternative fuels:

• Low sulphur diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel blends

• Port infrastructure

• Shoreside power (cold ironing)

• Logistical programs:

• Truck reservation systems, transport corridors, short sea shipping,

intermodal centers

A port inventory can also be very detailed, including fuel use and

emissions by individual engine/unit.

This supports evaluation of potential scenarios, such as

Associated Inventory Products: Port Metro

Vancouver 2010 ‘emission reduction

initiatives’

Reduction Initiative Effect on LEI Estimates

Inventory Years Affected

Co

mp

lete

d

Init

iati

ves

Genset or hybrid switch locomotives Lower fuel use and all emissions 2010 – 2025

Diesel particulate filter Lower CAC emissions 2010 - 2025

Use of variable-speed cranes for container handling Lower fuel use and all emissions 2010 – 2025

Use of hybrid cranes for container handling Lower fuel use and all emissions 2010 – 2025

PMV Truck Licensing System (TLS) Lower CAC emissions 2010 - 2025

Pla

nn

ed

Init

iati

ves

Electrification of truck reefer units on facility grounds Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Use of hybrid tractors Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Use of genset switch locomotives Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Use of electric vehicles Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Use of electric forklifts Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Replacement of large diesel generator by connecting to grid Lower fuel use and all emissions 2015 – 2025

Related Initiatives: Expansion of inventory scope

Related Initiatives: port air quality modelling

Example, Port of Prince Rupert

Inner and outer grids set up

Port Inventory used to

establish emissions for an

air model

Establish a baseline for future

developments

Grid #1

Grid #2

Anchorage EAnchorage V

Anchorage A

Anchorage B

Anchorage C

Anchorage D

Northland

Cruise Terminal

Maher

Container

TerminalPrince Rupert Grain

Ridley Terminals Inc.

Distant Anchorage 3

Distant Anchorage 4

Distant Anchorage 1

Distant Anchorage 2

Transload

CEF

Tidal

Transport

CN Railyard

CN Aquatrain

Ships at Anchor

Ships at Berth

Marine Sources

Ship Path

Admin

CHE

Rail

Landside Sources

Ports Model - Update to Version 3.0

Newly revised questionnaire

and model

Simplified data entry

Test data sets

Additional reporting (Green

Marine)

Available soon

Transport Canada Eastern Ports

Assessment (2012 – 2013)

• All 14 Canadian Port Authorities: application of the Ports

Model

• Development of Port-level energy and emissions

inventories

• Support for other port and terminal initiatives of interest –

such as Green Marine GHG requirements. Inventory

products will be supplied to ports/terminals as requested

• Port tenant engagement has begun and will continue

through 2012

Canadian Port Emissions Inventory

Model - Summary

Convenient tool for consistency among Canadian ports

• Serves complementary programs – port environmental reporting as well as

larger programs such as Green Marine

• Allows port authorities to assist their tenants with emission reduction

projects, including applying for financial support

• Emissions and energy tracking over time

• Efficient means of supporting terminal development/expansion

• (new) facilitates energy planning decisions (further electrification,

alternative fuels, logistical changes)

Thank-you for your attention

Bryan.McEwen@snclavalin.com