© 2018 Nokia1 © 2018 Nokia1

A path to Urban 5G small cells?

Peter Love – Nokia Principal Architect

- Small Cells Forum Vice Chair of Operations Group

01.01.2018 The views expressed within this presentation are those of the author & not of Nokia

2 views of the future

2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2017

5G Small Cell Deployment Scenarios

LTE Macro

LTE Small Cell w/5G Wireless Backhaul

5G <6 GHz Macro

5G mmWave Street LevelHigh Capacity

Complementing High Performance 5G Macro Solutions

5G mmWave + LTE Indoor Small Cell

5G <6 GHz + LTE Indoor Small Cell

5G <6 GHz + LTE Small Cell – Street

Level

5G Small Cells: Indoor and street level optimized

designs to address coverage holes / hot spots

/ indoor propagation

5G Macro : High Capacity / High Power to maximize

coverage area

© 2018 Nokia3 Public

Agenda: A path to Urban 5G small cells?

• The Eeyore view

• The Tigger view

• The Vote

through 100 acre woodGbps

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Where is the market for Urban small Cells at present?

Public Gartner hype cycle

© 2018 Nokia5

Eeyore’s key mantra for urban small cells

Too Expensive

Many players in the value chain with inflated expectation

No ROI

In the wrong place so no traffic is captured hence no value

Poor site availability

Too many diverse players all wanting their own design & signed with premium site management company

Backhaul too expensive

Transmission providers holding out for premium rates

Hence expansion of macro is seen an easier problem to solve –

“do what you know”

Public

Its all too complicated In the wrong place so no

traffic is captured hence no value

Too many diverse players all wanting their own design & signed with premium site management company

Transmission providers holding out for premium rates

© 2018 Nokia6

To capture most traffic then careful positioning is requiredExamples of Small Cell ROI & “high cost” site deployment model

Public

LTE 10MHz bandwidth, 60p per GByte as marginal cost of macro alternatively supplying the capacity, 5 years TCO (but with no NPV). 30% CAGR on traffic increase

Distance from Ideal position (m)R

etu

rn o

n In

vest

me

nt

© 2018 Nokia7

There is a multitude of options to fill a projected MBB capacity gap

Public

• LTE Cloud RAN • UL CoMP• SW Capacity Licences

• 5G new antennas (64x64), existing radio mast, swap antennas

• 5G new radio mast• 5G new cell site

• New carrier, existing antenna

• New carrier, antenna swap, current radio mast

• New carrier, new antenna, new radio mast

• New bands with existing antennas

• New bands with antenna swap

• New bands with new antennas & radio mast

12

3

4

5

6

• Single band• Multi-band• Fibre backhaul• Microwave backhaul

• Swap LTE 2x2 antennas with 4x4 or 8x8

• Current/new radio mast• New 4G cell macro site

© 2018 Nokia8

Deploying 5g on current Macro grid has limited time span

Public

Demand rises by 35% CAGR 150MHz of 4g (CSE=2) , 40MHz 5G (CSE =6, lower end of IMT2020)

5G macro full

4G macro full

However 40MHz 5G is at lower end of expectation, it would be better to have 80MHz to 100MHz

5G shouldn’t just be more MBB, it should bring new use cases pushing up usage further, hence the most appropriate solution will be small cells, indoor & outdoor

Based upon a range of network loads starting at 40%, 60% & 80% & then growing, the life time of macro grid is 24- 36 months

© 2018 Nokia9

Using the Macro grid alone isn’t the whole answer

Confidential

Dimensioning 5G uplink is a key attribute for deciding upon the likely site solution

The denser the macro grid the more likely to serve a varied uplink traffic demand

Current use cases generate a lot of indoor traffic. However real networks will have a mixture of Street level sites and indoor sites

© 2018 Nokia10

ROI of alternative 4g site solutions does make the ROI better

Public

It is perfectly possible to streamline the deployment model

5G brings much more bandwidth to reduce cost per GByte

Discussion then becomes what value to attach to the marginal cost for the production in the Macro (or perhaps the retail value) to which the comparison is made.

Same inputs as before but with more streamlined site deployment models. Putting it in the right place still important

Cheapest solution cost

Mid solution cost

Distance from Ideal position (m)

Re

turn

on

In

vest

me

nt

© 2018 Nokia11

Nokia’s path to 5G with Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) in USA

Download speeds of1.3 Gbps

ꞌWorld’s fastest LAAꞌ

LAA and five-component

carrieraggregation on

14 antenna layers

AirScale Micro RRH with 4x4

MIMO and 256 QAM

Path toward

5G

Enhanced network

performance in busy, urban

locations

Tweets of Neville Ray, chief technology officer at T-Mobile on LAA:

Press release

© 2018 Nokia12

Easing the deployment further

Confidential

• UK new code powers in use, consideration & compensation

• EU regulation (rather than recommendation). Time frame = 2021

• Art. 2.24 – defines the “small-area wireless access point” as an umbrella definition for small-size equipment using licensed and/or unlicensed spectrum

• Art. 56, Deployment of small-area wireless access points – sets up the frame aiming at nationally consistent rules for deployment of the equipment; streamline of permit to deploy (no individual town planning permit, other individual requirements); empower the EC to specify the physical and technical characteristics through Implementing Acts.

• IEC62232 & CENELEC, ITU installation classes recommendations – see info graphic

© 2018 Nokia13

Summary

• Its all just too complicated

• The ROI is too small

• You can do a lot with the macro

• Macro isn’t the whole answer

• You can make small cell delivery work, even today & with EU regulation even easier

• New use cases, bigger bandwidth will all improve the economics

• Why not start making the 4g small cells deployments 5G compatible now?

Public

© 2018 Nokia14

The Vote

1.Did you wake up an Eeyore or a Tigger this morning?

2.What do you think about 5G small cells, rooting for Eeyore or Tigger?

Public