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A New Species of Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 from Baltic Amber (Diptera:Limoniidae)Author(s): Iwona Kania, Agnieszka Penar and Wiesław KrzemińskiSource: Annales Zoologici, 63(1):143-148. 2013.Published By: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of SciencesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/000345413X666183URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3161/000345413X666183

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INTRODUCTION

The genus Dicranomyia was described byStephens in 1829, and it belongs to the most numerousdipteran family Limoniidae. This genus comprises over800 extant species, distributed worldwide with ex-ception of Antarctica (Krzemiński 2000b). Till nowabout thirty extinct species of Dicranomyia areknown. The fossil representatives of the genus weredescribed based on imprints from North America(Scudder 1877, 1894), Europe (Alexander 1931, Cock-erell 1908, 1922, Cockerell and Haines 1921, Henriksen1922, Théobald 1937, Krzemiński 1985, 2001, Krze-miński and Gentlini 1992), and Asia (Krzemiński2000a), of various age.

The representatives of this genus are also frequent-ly preserved as amber inclusions. Some fossil speciesallotted to the other Limoniidae genera (Heer 1849,1856, Giebel 1856, Alexander 1931, Piton 1940, Gelhaus

and Johnson 1996) could also belong to Dicranomyia,but these should be revised.

First revision of these dipterans from Baltic amberwas done by Alexander (1931). In this monographAlexander proposed to change a systematic position ofall species described previously in the genus Dicra-nomyia and put them to the genus Limonia Meigen,1803. The descriptions and information about the fossilrepresentatives of the genus Dicranomyia from Balticamber are to be found in the papers of Giebel (1856),Meunier (1899, 1906, 1916), Savchenko (1967) andsKrzemiński (1985).

Eight species could be placed without doubts in thegenus (and subgenus) Dicranomyia, i.e. D. (D.) ale-xandri nom. nov., D. (D.) graciosa Meunier, 1916, D.(D.) grandis (Meunier, 1899), D. (D.) kalandyki Krze-miński, 2000b, D. (D.) lobata Meunier, 1906, D. (D.)meunieri (Alexander, 1931), D. (D.) perpendicularis(Savchenko, 1967), D. (D.) sinuata Meunier, 1916.

A NEW SPECIES OF DICRANOMYIA STEPHENS, 1829FROM BALTIC AMBER (DIPTERA: LIMONIIDAE)

A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2013, 63(1): 143-148

IWONA KANIA1, *, AGNIESZKA PENAR2, and WIESŁAW KRZEMIŃSKI3

1, *Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4,35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; e-mail: ikania@univ.rzeszow.pl

2Wróblik Szlachecki, Sadowa 1, 38-483 Wróblik Szlachecki, Poland; e-mail:a.penar88@onet.pl

3Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054Kraków, Poland; e-mail: krzeminski@muzeum.pan.krakow.pl

*Corresponding author

Abstract.— A new species of the genus Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 (Diptera:Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene) is described. The characteristic featuredistinguishing a new species, D. gorskii sp. nov. is the presence of the surprisingly strongand elongate spine on rostral prolongation of ventral gonostylus. The morphologicalfeatures of the new species are briefly discussed. New replacement name Dicranomyiaalexandri nom. nov. for Dicranomyia flagellata (Alexander, 1931) is proposed to avoidwith Dicranomyia flagellata Edwards, 1928.

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Key words.— Dicranomyia gorskii sp. nov., Limoniidae, Diptera, Baltic amber, Eocene,taxonomy, new species, Dicranomyia alexandri nom. nov., new name, homonymy.

PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima duxdoi: 10.3161/000345413X666183

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study were based on material from the collec-tion of Mr. Andrzej Górski; Bielsko-Biała, Poland. Thespecimens were studied using a Nikon SMZ 1500 stereomicroscope. The photographs were taken with a Nikon DS-Fi1 camera equipped with a microscope.The drawings were made on the basis of specimensand photographs.

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Order: Diptera Linnaeus, 1758

Family: Limoniidae Speiser, 1909

Genus: Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829

Subgenus Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829

Type species. Limnobia modesta Meigen, 1818;by subsequent designation of Coquillett, 1910: 533.

Dicranomyia gorskii sp. nov.(Figs 1A–D, 2A–C)

Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguishedby the following combination of characters: vein Scvery elongate, ending opposite 4/5 of Rs; m-cu in fork ofMb; the strong and elongate single spine on rostral pro-longation of ventral gonostylus, the spine reaching halfthe length of gonostylus.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from theowner of private collection of inclusions in Baltic am-ber – Andrzej Górski.

Descripttion. Head: not well preserved; antennae(Figs 1B, 2B) 14-segmented, about 0.61 mm; scape tu-bular, pedicel wide and oval; flagellomeres oval,tapered at apex; on all segment of flagellum tiny, wispysetae, each flagellomere with two elongate setae; seg-ments sixth and seventh invisible.

Palpi not visible.Wings (Figs 1C–D, 2C): 2.18 mm long, 0.56 mm wide;

vein Sc ending at 4/5 the length of vein Rs; vein R3+4about 2 and 1/7 times longer than vein Rs; R1 ending at2/5 of the length of R2+3+4 and R3+4 measured fromRs forking; M1+2 almost twice longer than d-cell; m-cuin fork of vein Mb.

Hypopygium (Figs 1A, 2A): 0.27 mm long, gonocox-ite half times shorter than outer gonostylus; outergonostylus balloon-like, rostrum on outer gonostylusprovided with a single, elongate and strong spine re-aching half the length of gonostylus; inner gonostylusnarrow and hooked.

Age and occurrence. Eocene, Baltic amber (for theage discussion see Weitschat and Wichard 2010).

Material examined. Holotype, male. No. MP/3313(6550), Coll. Andrzej Górski, Bielsko-Biała, Poland. Theholotype will be deposited in Institute of Systematicand Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences,Kraków, Poland.

New replacement name for Dicranomyia flagellata(Alexander, 1931)

The specific name of fossil taxon from the Balticamber Dicranomyia flagellata (Alexander, 1931),proposed as new combination for Limonia flagellataAlexander, 1931 by Krzemiński (2000b: 347) is preoc-cupied by the Dicranomyia flagellata Edwards,1928: 68, recent species. To avoid the homonymy and inconcordance with the Article 53 of ICZN (2000), we pro-posed here the replacement name. The history of use ofthe Alexander’s name is given according to the rules ofopen nomenclature as proposed by Matthews (1973)and Bengtson (1988) for names of fossil taxa.

Dicranomyia alexandri nom. nov., Kania pro Dicranomyia flagel-lata (Alexander, 1931: 38) non Dicranomyia flagellata Ed-wards, 1928: 68.

Limonia flagellata Alexander, 1931: 38.Limonia flagellata Alexander, 1931; Keilbach 1982: 318.Limonia flagellata Alexander, 1931; Evenhuis1994: 76.Dicranomyia flagellata (Alexander, 1931); Krzemiński 2000b: 347.

DISCUSSION

The newly established species distinguishes fromthe others by characteristic structure of outer gonosty-lus with enlarged rostrum provided with very long andstrong spine. Majority of recent and known fossilspecies of Dicranomyia are characteristic of pres-ence of 1 to 3 spines, usually small to medium sized.The huge spines are to be found exceptionally, and inthese cases usually they are paired. This morphologi-cal feature is very rarely found among extant represen-tatives of the Dicranomyia. It is without doubts theapomorphic feature. The only other species known pre-senting the enlarged spines is Dicranomyia (Dicra-nomyia) lobata from the Eocene Baltic amber, howev-er the spine is shorter and more delicate than in Dicra-nomyia (Dicranomyia) gorskii sp. nov. This newlyabove described species presents all the features of thevenational pattern, structures of antennae and hypopy-gium enabling placement of it in the subgenus Dicra-nomyia.

The genus Dicranomyia is recently subdividedinto 25 subgenera (Oosterbroek 2012). All species fromthe Baltic amber, as well as fossils from the other local-ities and strata are placed in the nominative subgenus.Therefore, surprisingly the remaining 24 subgenera

144 I. KANIA, A. PENAR, and W. KRZEMIŃSKI

are lacking fossil record. On the other hand the fossilrecord of the species attributed to the subgenus Dicra-nomyia ranges back from Palaeocene (Menat, France;Piton 1940) to Miocene (Dominican amber; Arillo andOrtuńo 2005), with fossil species known from depositsin Europe, North America, Asia and the Caribbean.

Most of the recent subgenera recognized within thegenus Dicranomyia are distributed in the tropicaland subtropical zones of both Old and New World, withhighest species diversity in the Oriental, Australian/Oceanian and Neotropical regions (Oosterbroek 2012).Only a few subgenera present distribution limited to

DICRANOMYIA GORSKII SP. NOV. FROM EOCENE BALTIC AMBER 145

Figure 1A–D. Dicranomyia gorskii sp. nov., holotype No. MP/3313 (6550): (A) hypopygium; (B) antenna; (C) the body of specimen; (D) wing.

one region, numerous are present e.g. in the Orient-al area and islands of Australian/Oceanian region. It is interesting that cranefies are not generally con-sidered strong fiers, but the mitochondrial phylog-eny of the endemic Hawaiian cranefies presented byNitta and O’Grady (2008) suggested that can presenthigher migrational potential than expected. This couldbe also one of the explanations for the observed

morphological differences resulting in taxonomic sub-divisions and observed distributional patterns of thespecies ascribed to particular subgenera of Dicra-nomyia. It seems that this group could be a very good model for the future research on evolution-ary traits, paleoecological and paleobiogeograph-cal analyses, molecular evolution, ecology and biogeog-raphy.

146 I. KANIA, A. PENAR, and W. KRZEMIŃSKI

Figure 2A–C. Dicranomyia gorskii sp. nov., holotype No. MP/3313 (6550). (A) hypopygium; (B) antenna; (C) wing venation. Abbreviations of male hypopygium: r – rostrum with spine; ing – inner gonostylus; oug – outer gonostylus.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are deeply indebted to the owner of private collection Mr. Andrzej Górski for lending the materialof Limoniidae amber inclusions for our disposal.

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Received: January 17, 2013Accepted: February 26, 2013