A-Level Past Papers – Physics A-Level Examinations … · A-Level Past Papers – Physics A-Level Examinations October/November 2010 Physics Paper Pages Multiple Choice P1 – 9702/11

A-Level Past Papers – PhysicsA-Level Examinations October/November 2010

Physics

Paper Pages

Multiple ChoiceP1 – 9702/11 2 – 25P1 – 9702/12 26 – 49P1 – 9702/13 50 – 73

AS Structured QuestionsP2 – 9702/21 74 – 89P2 – 9702/22 90 – 109P2 – 9702/23 110 – 125

Advanced Practical Skills-1P3 – 9702/31 126 – 137P3 – 9702/33 138 – 149P3 – 9702/34 150 – 161P3 – 9702/35 162 – 173P3 – 9702/36 174 – 185

A2 Structured QuestionsP4 – 9702/41 186 – 209P4 – 9702/42 210 – 233 P4 – 9702/43 234 – 257

Planning, Analysis and EvaluationP5 – 9702/51 258 – 265P5 – 9702/52 266 – 273P5 – 9702/53 274 – 281

www.sheir.org

This document consists of 24 printed pages.

IB10 11_9702_11/6RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over

*4840008086*

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

PHYSICS 9702/11

Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2010

1 hour

Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.

Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.

Any working should be done in this booklet.

www.XtremePapers.net

www.sheir.org

http://www.xtremepapers.net

2

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

Data

speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

permeability of free space, µ0 = 4π × 10–7

H m–1

permittivity of free space, ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12

F m–1

elementary charge, e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

the Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2

kg–2

acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s–2


www.sheir.org


3

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10 [Turn over

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 2

2

1at

v2 = u2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas, W = p∆V

gravitational potential, φ = –

r

Gm

hydrostatic pressure, p = ρgh

pressure of an ideal gas, p = V

Nm3

1 <c

2>

simple harmonic motion, a = – ω

2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω 22

0xx −

electric potential, V = r

Q

04 επ

capacitors in series, 1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel, C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor, W = QV2

1

resistors in series, R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel, 1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + . . .

alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin ωt

radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(–λt)

decay constant, λ =

2

1

0.693

t


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

1 A signal has a frequency of 2.0 MHz.

What is the period of the signal?

A 2 µs B 5 µs C 200 ns D 500 ns 2 A metal sphere of radius r is dropped into a tank of water. As it sinks at speed v, it experiences a

drag force F given by F = kr v, where k is a constant.

What are the SI base units of k ?

A kg m2 s–1 B kg m–2

s–2 C kg m–1 s–1 D kg m s–2

3 Which physical quantity would result from a calculation in which a potential difference is multiplied

by an electric charge?

A electric current

B electric energy

C electric field strength

D electric power Space for working


www.sheir.org


5


4 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current passing through the ammeter as shown in the graph.

00

angulardeflection

current

Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?

A B

C D

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Space for working


www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

5 The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to measure the rate of rotation of a flywheel.

10 cm

coil

flywheel

M

The flywheel has a small magnet M mounted on it. Each time the magnet passes the coil, a voltage pulse is generated, which is passed to the c.r.o. The display of the c.r.o. is 10 cm wide. The flywheel is rotating at a rate of about 3000 revolutions per minute.

Which time-base setting will display clearly separate pulses on the screen?

A 1 s cm–1 B 10 ms cm–1 C 100 µs cm–1 D 1 µs cm–1 Space for working


www.sheir.org


7


6 A fixed quantity x0 is measured many times in an experiment that has experimental uncertainty. A graph is plotted to show the number n of times that a particular value x is obtained.

Which graph could be obtained if the measurement of x0 has a large systematic error but a small random error?

A

n

xx0

0

B

n

xx0

0

C

n

xx0

0

D

n

xx0

0

Space for working


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

7 A ball is thrown horizontally in still air from the top of a very tall building. The ball is affected by air resistance.

What happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?

horizontal component

of velocity vertical component

of velocity

A decreases to zero increases at a constant rate

B decreases to zero increases to a constant value

C remains constant increases at a constant rate

D remains constant increases to a constant value

8 The velocity-time graph below is for a stone thrown vertically up into the air. Air resistance is

negligible.

0 0

X

Y t time

velocity

The stone is thrown up at time zero.

Area X represents a distance of 5 m. Area Y represents a distance of 3 m.

What is the displacement of the stone from its initial position at time t ?

A 2 m B 3 m C 5 m D 8 m Space for working


www.sheir.org


9


9 In order that a train can stop safely, it will always pass a signal showing a yellow light before it reaches a signal showing a red light. Drivers apply the brake at the yellow light and this results in a uniform deceleration to stop exactly at the red light.

The distance between the red and yellow lights is x.

What must be the minimum distance between the lights if the train speed is increased by 20 %, without changing the deceleration of the trains?

A 1.20 x B 1.25 x C 1.44 x D 1.56 x 10 The gravitational field strength on the surface of planet P is one tenth of that on the surface of

planet Q.

On the surface of P, a body has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.

What are the mass and weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q?

mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N

A 1.0 0.1

B 1.0 10

C 10 10

D 10 100

11 A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2 that move apart with speeds v1

and v2 respectively.

What is the ratio 2

1

v

v

?

A 2

1

M

M B

1

2

M

M C

2

1

M

M D

1

2

M

M

Space for working


www.sheir.org


10

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

12 Two experiments are carried out using two trolleys of equal mass. All moving parts of the trolleys are frictionless, as is the surface that the trolleys move over. In both experiments, trolley X moves towards trolley Y, which is initially stationary.

X Y

After the collision in experiment 1, X is stationary and Y moves off to the right.

After the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys join and move off together.

What types of collision occur in these experiments?

experiment 1 experiment 2

A elastic elastic

B elastic inelastic

C inelastic elastic

D inelastic inelastic

13 A rigid L-shaped lever arm is pivoted at point P.

3 m

2 m

1 m

2 m5 N

15 N

10 N

P

Three forces act on the lever arm, as shown in the diagram.

What is the magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces about point P?

A 15 N m B 20 N m C 35 N m D 75 N m Space for working


www.sheir.org


11


14 Two parallel forces, each of magnitude F, act on a body as shown.

F

d

s

F

What is the magnitude of the torque on the body produced by these forces?

A F d B F s C 2F d D 2F s 15 A street lamp is fixed to a wall by a metal rod and a cable.

wall

cable

metal rod lamp

P

Which vector triangle represents the forces acting at point P?

A B

C D


www.sheir.org


12

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

16 What is the internal energy of a system?

A the amount of heat supplied to the system

B the energy of the atoms of the system

C the total kinetic energy of the system

D the total potential energy of the system

17 A steam turbine is used to drive a generator. The input power to the turbine is PI and the output power PO. The power loss in the turbine is PL, as shown below.

input power PI

turbineoutput power PO

power loss PL

generator

What is the efficiency of the turbine?

A O

L

P

P B

OP

PI

C I

P

PL D

IP

PO

Space for working


www.sheir.org


13


18 The diagram shows a lift system in which the elevator (mass m1) is partly counterbalanced by a heavy weight (mass m2).

m1

m2

v v

motor

elevator

At what rate does the motor provide energy to the system when the elevator is rising at a steady speed v ? (g = acceleration of free fall)

A 2

1 m1 v

2

B 2

1 (m1 – m2)v

2

C m1gv

D (m1 – m2)gv 19 The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean has a depth of about 10 km.

Assuming that sea water is incompressible and has a density of about 1020 kg m–3, what would be the approximate pressure at that depth?

A 105 Pa B 106

Pa C 107 Pa D 108

Pa Space for working


www.sheir.org


14

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

20 A student writes some statements about solids, liquids and gases.

1 Solids are rigid because the molecules in a solid vibrate.

2 Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer than in a gas.

3 Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas move randomly.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D none of the above 21 The graph shows how force depends on extension for a certain spring.

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.00 10 20 30 40 50

F / N

extension / mm

What is the energy stored in the spring when the extension is 30 mm?

A 0.095 J B 0.19 J C 0.25 J D 0.95 J Space for working


www.sheir.org


15


22 A wire consists of a 3.0 m length of metal X joined to a 1.0 m length of metal Y.

The cross-sectional area of the wire is uniform.

3.0 m

1.0 m

X

Y

load

A load hung from the wire causes metal X to stretch by 1.5 mm and metal Y to stretch by 1.0 mm.

The same load is then hung from a second wire of the same cross-section, consisting of 1.0 m of metal X and 3.0 m of metal Y.

What is the total extension of this second wire?

A 2.5 mm B 3.5 mm C 4.8 mm D 5.0 mm Space for working


www.sheir.org


16

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

23 The graph shows how the displacement of a particle in a wave varies with time.

displacement / cm

time / s

2

1

0

1

2

_

_

2 4 6

Which statement is correct?

A The wave has an amplitude of 2 cm and could be either transverse or longitudinal.

B The wave has an amplitude of 2 cm and must be transverse.

C The wave has an amplitude of 4 cm and could be either transverse or longitudinal.

D The wave has an amplitude of 4 cm and must be transverse. 24 The diagram shows a vertical cross-section through a water wave moving from left to right.

At which point is the water moving upwards with maximum speed?

A

B

C

D

Space for working


www.sheir.org


17


25 When plane-polarised light of amplitude a is passed through a polarising filter as shown, the

amplitude of the light emerging is a cosθ.

θ

θ

plane polarisedlight

amplitude = aintensity = I

amplitude = a cos

polarising filter

The intensity of the initial beam is I.

What is the intensity of the emerging light when θ is 60.0°?

A 0.250 I B 0.500 I C 0.750 I D 0.866 I 26 A stationary wave is produced by two loudspeakers emitting sound of the same frequency.

speaker 1

speaker 2

X Y

1.5 m

When a microphone is moved between X and Y, a distance of 1.5 m, six nodes and seven antinodes are detected.

What is the wavelength of the sound?

A 0.50 m B 0.43 m C 0.25 m D 0.21 m Space for working


www.sheir.org


18

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

27 Which electromagnetic wave would cause the most significant diffraction effect for an atomic lattice of spacing around 10–10

m?

A infra-red

B microwave

C ultraviolet

D X-ray

28 An electron is in an electric field of strength 5 × 104 V m–1. The field is the only influence on the

electron.

The mass and charge of an electron are known.

Which quantity can be calculated without any more information?

A the force on the electron

B the momentum of the electron

C the kinetic energy of the electron

D the speed of the electron Space for working


www.sheir.org


19


29 Electrons are accelerated and then directed into the uniform electric field between two parallel plates in a vacuum.

electrons

What best describes the shape of the path followed by the electrons in the field?

A a downwards curve along a line that is part of a circle

B a downwards curve along a line that is not part of a circle

C an upwards curve along a line that is part of a circle

D an upwards curve along a line that is not part of a circle 30 A charged particle is in the electric field between two horizontal metal plates connected to a

source of constant potential difference, as shown. There is a force F on the particle due to the electric field.

charged particle

The separation of the plates is doubled.

What will be the new force on the particle?

A 4

F B 2

F C F D 2F

Space for working


www.sheir.org


20

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

31 The current in the circuit shown is 4.8 A.

R

X Y

What is the direction of flow and the rate of flow of electrons through the resistor R?

direction of flow rate of flow

A X to Y 3.0 × 1019 s–1

B X to Y 6.0 × 1018 s–1

C Y to X 3.0 × 1019 s–1

D Y to X 6.0 × 1018 s–1

Space for working


www.sheir.org


21


32 Which component has the I-V graph shown?

I

V 0

0

A filament lamp

B light-dependent resistor

C semiconductor diode

D thermistor 33 A copper wire is cylindrical and has resistance R.

What will be the resistance of a copper wire of twice the length and twice the radius?

A 4

R B

2

R C R D 2R

34 A relay is required to operate 800 m from its power supply. The power supply has negligible

internal resistance. The relay requires 16.0 V and a current of 0.60 A to operate.

A cable connects the relay to the power supply and two of the wires in the cable are used to supply power to the relay.

The resistance of each of these wires is 0.0050 Ω per metre.

What is the minimum output e.m.f. of the power supply?

A 16.6 V B 18.4 V C 20.8 V D 29.3 V Space for working


www.sheir.org


22

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

35 The diagram shows part of a circuit.

120 Ω

40 Ω

160 Ω

What is the total resistance of the combination of the three resistors?

A 320 Ω B 240 Ω C 190 Ω D 80 Ω 36 The diagram shows an arrangement of resistors.

Y

X

10 Ω 10 Ω

10 Ω

10 Ω

What is the total electrical resistance between X and Y?

A less than 1 Ω

B between 1 Ω and 10 Ω

C between 10 Ω and 30 Ω

D 40 Ω Space for working


www.sheir.org


23


37 In the circuit below, P is a potentiometer of total resistance 10 Ω and Q is a fixed resistor of

resistance 10 Ω. The battery has an e.m.f. of 4.0 V and negligible internal resistance. The voltmeter has a very high resistance.

4.0 V

X

Y

P

Q

V

The slider on the potentiometer is moved from X to Y and a graph of voltmeter reading V is plotted against slider position.

Which graph would be obtained?

0X

A

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

B

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

D

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

C

slider positionY

V4

2

Space for working


www.sheir.org


24

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2010 9702/11/O/N/10

38 Uranium-235 may be represented by the symbol U235

92.

Which row shows the numbers of nucleons, protons and neutrons in a 23592U nucleus?

nucleons protons neutrons

A 92 235 143

B 143 92 235

C 235 92 143

D 235 143 92

39 When a magnesium nucleus Mg25

12 is hit by a gamma ray, a sodium nucleus Na

24

11 is formed and

another particle is emitted.

What are the nucleon number (mass number) and proton number (atomic number) of the other particle produced in this nuclear reaction?

nucleon number proton number

A 0 –1

B 0 1

C 1 –1

D 1 1

40 Which nuclear equation shows the beta decay of a nucleus of argon (Ar) into potassium (K)?

A Ar44

21 → K

40

19 + He

4

2

B Ar40

20 → K

40

19 + e

0

1

C Ar40

18 → K

40

19 + e

0

1−

D Ar40

19 → K

40

19 + γ0

0

Space for working


www.sheir.org




*7112542022*


PHYSICS 9702/12


1 hour












www.sheir.org


2

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

Data



H m–1


F m–1










kg–2



www.sheir.org


3


Formulae


2

1at

v2 = u2 + 2as



r

Gm



Nm3

1 <c

2>


2x


v = ± ω 22

0xx −


Q

04 επ




1






2

1

0.693

t


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

1 Which row shows a base quantity with its correct SI unit?

quantity unit

A current A

B mass g

C temperature °C

D weight N

2 The frictional force F on a sphere falling through a fluid is given by the formula

F = 6πaηv

where a is the radius of the sphere, η is a constant relating to the fluid and v is the velocity of the sphere.

What are the units of η ?

A kg m s–1 B kg m–1 s–1 C kg m s–3 D kg m3

s–3 3 What is the component of this displacement vector in the direction XY?

53°

5.0 km

YX

A 3.0 km B 4.0 km C 5.0 km D 6.6 km Space for working


www.sheir.org


5


4 A metre rule is used to measure the length of a piece of wire. It is found to be 70 cm long to the nearest millimetre.

How should this result be recorded in a table of results?

A 0.7 m B 0.70 m C 0.700 m D 0.7000 m 5 A quantity x is to be determined from the equation

x = P – Q.

P is measured as 1.27 ± 0.02 m.

Q is measured as 0.83 ± 0.01 m.

What is the percentage uncertainty in x to one significant figure?

A 0.4 % B 2 % C 3 % D 7 % 6 A football is dropped from the top of a three-storey building. It falls through air until it reaches the

ground.

What remains constant throughout the fall?

A acceleration of the football

B air resistance on the football

C velocity of the football

D weight of the football Space for working


www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

7 A student throws a ball in the positive direction vertically upwards.

The ball makes an elastic collision with the ceiling, rebounds and accelerates back to the student’s hand in a time of 1.2 s.

Which graph best represents the acceleration of the ball from the moment it leaves the hand to the instant just before it returns to the hand?

00

A

1.2

acceleration

time / s 00

B

1.2

acceleration

time / s

00

C

1.2

acceleration

time / s 00

D

1.2

acceleration

time / s

Space for working


www.sheir.org


7


8 A moving body undergoes uniform acceleration while travelling in a straight line between points X, Y and Z. The distances XY and YZ are both 40 m. The time to travel from X to Y is 12 s and from Y to Z is 6.0 s.

What is the acceleration of the body?

A 0.37 m s–2 B 0.49 m s–2 C 0.56 m s–2 D 1.1 m s–2 9 A particle of mass 2m and velocity v strikes a wall.

v2m

The particle rebounds along the same path after colliding with the wall. The collision is inelastic.

What is a possible change in the momentum of the ball during the collision?

A mv B 2mv C 3mv D 4mv 10 Which defines the weight of a body?

A the amount of matter in the body

B the force of gravity on the body

C the number of particles in the body

D the product of the body’s volume and density Space for working


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

11 The diagram shows a rope bridge that a student makes on an adventure training course. The student has a weight W.

θ θ

Which formula gives the tension T in the rope?

A T = θcos2

W B T = θsin2

W C T = θcos

W D T = θsin

W

12 A spanner is used to tighten a nut as shown.

0.25 m

0.04 m

F = 200 N

A force F is applied at right-angles to the spanner at a distance of 0.25 m from the centre of the nut. When the nut is fully tightened, the applied force is 200 N.

What is the resistive torque, in an anticlockwise direction, preventing further tightening?

A 8 N m B 42 N m C 50 N m D 1250 N m Space for working


www.sheir.org


9


13 The diagrams show a metal cube suspended from a spring balance before and during immersion in water.

before

immersion

during

immersion

A reduction in the balance reading occurs as a consequence of the immersion.


A The balance reading will be further reduced if the cube is lowered further into the water.

B The balance reading during immersion corresponds to the upthrust of the water on the cube.

C The forces acting on the vertical sides of the cube contribute to the change in the balance reading.

D The gravitational pull on the cube is unchanged by the immersion. Space for working


www.sheir.org


10

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

14 A box of weight 200 N is pushed so that it moves at a steady speed along a ramp, through a

height of 1.5 m. The ramp makes an angle of 30° with the ground. The frictional force on the box is 150 N while the box is moving.

30°

200 N

1.5 m

What is the work done by the person?

A 150 J B 300 J C 450 J D 750 J 15 A raindrop of mass m is falling vertically through the air with a steady speed v. The raindrop

experiences a retarding force kv due to the air, where k is a constant. The acceleration of free fall is g.

Which expression gives the kinetic energy of the raindrop?

A k

mg B

2

2

2k

mg C

2

23

k

gm D

2

23

2k

gm

Space for working


www.sheir.org


11


16 The kinetic energy of a vehicle of mass 1000 kg is 4.5 × 105 J. It is stopped by applying a constant

braking force of 6000 N.

What is its stopping distance?

A 37 m B 75 m C 150 m D 300 m 17 What are units of work, energy and power?

work energy power

A J N m J

B J s–1 J J s–1

C N m N m W

D N m W W

18 Below are four short paragraphs describing the molecules in a beaker of water at 50

oC.

Which paragraph correctly describes the molecules?

A The molecules all travel at the same speed. This speed is not large enough for any of the molecules to leave the surface of the water. There are attractive forces between the molecules.

B The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the surface of the water. There are no forces between the molecules.

C The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the surface of the water. There are attractive forces between the molecules.

D The molecules have a range of speeds. The fastest molecules are unable to leave the surface of the water. There are attractive forces between the molecules.

Space for working


www.sheir.org


12

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

19 Which group of materials contains two polymers?

A copper sand polystyrene

B glass wood aluminium

C nylon sugar rubber

D stone diamond steel 20 The pressure at sea level is approximately 100 000 Pa. The density of sea water is 1030 kg m–3.

What is the approximate pressure 80 m below the surface of the sea?

A 100 000 Pa B 180 000 Pa C 800 000 Pa D 900 000 Pa 21 Two wires P and Q are made from the same material.

Wire P is initially twice the diameter and twice the length of wire Q. The same force, applied to each wire, causes the wires to extend elastically.

What is the ratio of the extension in P to that in Q?

A 2

1 B 1 C 2 D 4

Space for working


www.sheir.org


13


22 To determine the mass of food in a pan, a scale is used that has high sensitivity for small masses but low sensitivity for large masses.

To do this, two springs are used, each with a different spring constant k. One of the springs has a low spring constant and the other has a high spring constant.

Which arrangement of springs would be suitable?

A B

C D

low k

high k

low k

low k high k

high k

high k

low k

rigid box

rigid box

Space for working


www.sheir.org


14

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

23 The amplitude of a wave is A and its intensity is I.

Which amplitude is necessary for the intensity to be doubled to 2I ?

A A2 B A C 2 A D 2A

24 Which value is a possible wavelength for radiation in the ultra-violet region of the electromagnetic

spectrum?

A 3 × 10–2 m B 3 × 10–5

m C 3 × 10–8 m D 3 × 10–10

m 25 The diagram shows two tubes.

tube X tube Y

The tubes are identical except tube X is closed at its lower end while tube Y is open at its lower end. Both tubes have open upper ends.

A tuning fork placed above tube X causes resonance of the air at frequency f. No resonance is found at any lower frequency than f with tube X.

Which tuning fork will produce resonance when placed just above tube Y?

A a fork of frequency 2

f

B a fork of frequency 3

2f

C a fork of frequency 2

3f

D a fork of frequency 2f Space for working


www.sheir.org


15


26 A microwave transmitter emits waves towards a metal plate. The waves strike the plate and are reflected back along their original path.

T S R Q P

incident

waves

metal plate

reflected

waves

A microwave detector is moved along the line PT.

Points P, Q, R, S and T are the positions where minima of intensity are observed. These points are found to be 15 mm apart.

What is the frequency of the microwaves?

A 5.0 GHz B 6.7 GHz C 10 GHz D 20 GHz 27 A double slit experiment, using light of wavelength 600 nm, results in fringes being produced on a

screen. The fringe separation is found to be 1.0 mm.

When the distance between the double slits and the viewing screen is increased by 2.0 m, the fringe separation increases to 3.0 mm.

What is the separation of the double slits producing the fringes?



www.sheir.org


16

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

28 The diagram shows a vertical uniform electric field in a vacuum.

direction of

electron flow

electric field

An electron gun injects a beam of electrons horizontally into the field.

Which changes, if any, have occurred to the path and speed of the electrons by the time the beam leaves the field?

path of electrons speed of electrons

A deflected downwards increased

B deflected downwards unchanged

C deflected upwards increased

D deflected upwards unchanged

Space for working


www.sheir.org


17


29 A very small oil drop of mass m carries a charge +q.

+ + + + + + + +

– – – – – – – –

oil drop

The potential difference across the plates is V and the separation is d.

The weight of the drop is balanced by the electric force. (Buoyancy forces may be considered to be negligible.)

Which formula gives the charge on the drop?

A q = V

mgd B q =

d

mgV C q =

mg

Vd D q =

mgd

V

30 Which electrical component is represented by the following symbol?

A a diode

B a potentiometer

C a resistor

D a thermistor Space for working


www.sheir.org


18

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

31 When there is no current in a wire, which statement about the conduction electrons in that wire is correct?

A Electrons in the wire are moving totally randomly within the wire.

B Equal numbers of electrons move at the same speed, but in opposite directions, along the wire.

C No current is flowing therefore the electrons in the wire are stationary.

D No current is flowing therefore the electrons in the wire are vibrating around a fixed point. 32 A high-resistance voltmeter connected across a battery reads 6.0 V.

When the battery is connected in series with a lamp of resistance of 10 Ω, the voltmeter reading falls to 5.6 V.

Which statement explains this observation?

A The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery decreases because more work is done across its internal resistance.

B The e.m.f. of the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp.

C The potential difference (p.d.) across the battery decreases because more work is done across its internal resistance.

D The p.d. across the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp. Space for working


www.sheir.org


19


33 A battery of e.m.f. 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 Ω is connected in series with an ammeter of negligible resistance and an external resistor. External resistors of various different values are used.

2.0 Ω12 V

A

Which combination of current and resistor value is not correct?

current / A external resistor

value / Ω

A 1.0 10

B 1.2 8

C 1.5 6

D 1.8 4

Space for working


www.sheir.org


20

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

34 A wire PQ is made of three different materials, with resistivities ρ, 2ρ and 3ρ. There is a current I in this composite wire, as shown.

I

P Q

ρ ρ2 ρ3

Which graph best shows how the potential V along the wire varies with distance x from P?

V

x00

AV

x00

B

V

x00

CV

x00

D

Space for working


www.sheir.org


21



4.0 Ω

4.0 Ω

4.0 Ω

4.0 Ω

6.0 Ω3.0 Ω

6.0 Ω

6.0 Ω

QP

What is the resistance between the points P and Q due to the resistance network?

A 1.3 Ω B 4.0 Ω C 10 Ω D 37 Ω Space for working


www.sheir.org


22

© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

36 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit.

output

voltage

The light level increases.

What is the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the output voltage?

resistance of the LDR

output voltage

A decreases decreases

B decreases increases

C increases decreases

D increases increases

37 Three resistors, with resistances R1, R2 and R3, are connected in series and are found to have a

combined resistance of 500 Ω. When connected in parallel, the combined resistance is found to

be 50 Ω.

Which values will correspond to these results?

R1 / Ω R2 / Ω R3 / Ω

A 160 160 80

B 200 200 100

C 225 225 50

D 230 230 40

Space for working


www.sheir.org


23


38 In the Rutherford scattering experiment, α-particles were fired at a thin gold foil. A small

proportion of the α-particles were deflected through large angles.

Which statement gives the correct conclusion that could be drawn directly from these results?

A The atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.

B The nucleus is at the centre of the atom.

C The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.

D The atom contains a very small, charged nucleus. 39 Which statement about the nuclei of the atoms of an element is correct?

A Every nucleus of an element contains an equal number of neutrons and protons.

B Every nucleus of an element contains the same number of neutrons as all others of that element, but the number of protons may differ.

C Every nucleus of an element contains the same number of protons as all others of that element, but the number of neutrons may differ.

D The number of protons in a nucleus differs from isotope to isotope of an element, as do the number of neutrons.

Space for working


www.sheir.org


24



© UCLES 2010 9702/12/O/N/10

40 A counter recording radioactive decays from a radioactive source gives the following counts in equal intervals of time.

time / min counts

0–10 424

10–20 395

20–30 413

30–40 363

40–50 366

50–60 294

60–70 301

70–80 253

80–90 212

What can be deduced from these readings?

A that radioactivity is random and that the half-life is 90 minutes

B that radioactivity is random and that the half-life is uncertain

C that radioactivity is spontaneous and that the half-life is 90 minutes

D that radioactivity is spontaneous and that the half-life is uncertain Space for working


www.sheir.org




*9678005024*


PHYSICS 9702/13


1 hour












www.sheir.org


2

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

Data



H m–1


F m–1










kg–2



www.sheir.org


3


Formulae


2

1at

v2 = u2 + 2as



r

Gm



Nm3

1 <c

2>


2x


v = ± ω 22

0xx −


Q

04 επ




1






2

1

0.693

t


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

1 Which physical quantity would result from a calculation in which a potential difference is multiplied by an electric charge?

A electric current

B electric energy

C electric field strength

D electric power 2 The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to measure the rate of rotation

of a flywheel.

10 cm

coil

flywheel

M

The flywheel has a small magnet M mounted on it. Each time the magnet passes the coil, a voltage pulse is generated, which is passed to the c.r.o. The display of the c.r.o. is 10 cm wide. The flywheel is rotating at a rate of about 3000 revolutions per minute.

Which time-base setting will display clearly separate pulses on the screen?

A 1 s cm–1 B 10 ms cm–1 C 100 µs cm–1 D 1 µs cm–1 Space for working


www.sheir.org


5


3 A fixed quantity x0 is measured many times in an experiment that has experimental uncertainty. A graph is plotted to show the number n of times that a particular value x is obtained.

Which graph could be obtained if the measurement of x0 has a large systematic error but a small random error?

A

n

xx0

0

B

n

xx0

0

C

n

xx0

0

D

n

xx0

0

Space for working


www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

4 A signal has a frequency of 2.0 MHz.

What is the period of the signal?

A 2 µs B 5 µs C 200 ns D 500 ns 5 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current passing through the

ammeter as shown in the graph.

00

angulardeflection

current

Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?

A B

C D

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Space for working


www.sheir.org


7


6 The velocity-time graph below is for a stone thrown vertically up into the air. Air resistance is negligible.

0 0

X

Y t time

velocity

The stone is thrown up at time zero.

Area X represents a distance of 5 m. Area Y represents a distance of 3 m.

What is the displacement of the stone from its initial position at time t ?

A 2 m B 3 m C 5 m D 8 m 7 A metal sphere of radius r is dropped into a tank of water. As it sinks at speed v, it experiences a

drag force F given by F = kr v, where k is a constant.

What are the SI base units of k ?

A kg m2 s–1 B kg m–2

s–2 C kg m–1 s–1 D kg m s–2

Space for working


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

8 The gravitational field strength on the surface of planet P is one tenth of that on the surface of planet Q.

On the surface of P, a body has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.

What are the mass and weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q?

mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N

A 1.0 0.1

B 1.0 10

C 10 10

D 10 100

9 A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2 that move apart with speeds v1

and v2 respectively.

What is the ratio 2

1

v

v?

A 2

1

M

M B

1

2

M

M C

2

1

M

M D

1

2

M

M

Space for working


www.sheir.org


9


10 Two experiments are carried out using two trolleys of equal mass. All moving parts of the trolleys are frictionless, as is the surface that the trolleys move over. In both experiments, trolley X moves towards trolley Y, which is initially stationary.

X Y

After the collision in experiment 1, X is stationary and Y moves off to the right.

After the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys join and move off together.

What types of collision occur in these experiments?

experiment 1 experiment 2

A elastic elastic

B elastic inelastic

C inelastic elastic

D inelastic inelastic

11 A ball is thrown horizontally in still air from the top of a very tall building. The ball is affected by air

resistance.

What happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?

horizontal component

of velocity vertical component

of velocity

A decreases to zero increases at a constant rate

B decreases to zero increases to a constant value

C remains constant increases at a constant rate

D remains constant increases to a constant value

Space for working


www.sheir.org


10

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

12 In order that a train can stop safely, it will always pass a signal showing a yellow light before it reaches a signal showing a red light. Drivers apply the brake at the yellow light and this results in a uniform deceleration to stop exactly at the red light.

The distance between the red and yellow lights is x.

What must be the minimum distance between the lights if the train speed is increased by 20 %, without changing the deceleration of the trains?

A 1.20 x B 1.25 x C 1.44 x D 1.56 x 13 A street lamp is fixed to a wall by a metal rod and a cable.

wall

cable

metal rod lamp

P

Which vector triangle represents the forces acting at point P?

A B

C D

Space for working


www.sheir.org


11


14 A rigid L-shaped lever arm is pivoted at point P.

3 m

2 m

1 m

2 m5 N

15 N

10 N

P

Three forces act on the lever arm, as shown in the diagram.

What is the magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces about point P?

A 15 N m B 20 N m C 35 N m D 75 N m 15 Two parallel forces, each of magnitude F, act on a body as shown.

F

d

s

F

What is the magnitude of the torque on the body produced by these forces?

A F d B F s C 2F d D 2F s Space for working


www.sheir.org


12

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

16 A steam turbine is used to drive a generator. The input power to the turbine is PI and the output power PO. The power loss in the turbine is PL, as shown below.

input power PI

turbineoutput power PO

power loss PL

generator

What is the efficiency of the turbine?

A O

L

P

P B

OP

PI

C I

P

PL D

IP

PO

Space for working


www.sheir.org


13


17 The diagram shows a lift system in which the elevator (mass m1) is partly counterbalanced by a heavy weight (mass m2).

m1

m2

v v

motor

elevator

At what rate does the motor provide energy to the system when the elevator is rising at a steady speed v ? (g = acceleration of free fall)

A 2

1 m1 v

2

B 2

1 (m1 – m2)v

2

C m1gv

D (m1 – m2)gv 18 What is the internal energy of a system?

A the amount of heat supplied to the system

B the energy of the atoms of the system

C the total kinetic energy of the system

D the total potential energy of the system Space for working


www.sheir.org


14

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

19 The graph shows how force depends on extension for a certain spring.

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.00 10 20 30 40 50

F / N

extension / mm

What is the energy stored in the spring when the extension is 30 mm?

A 0.095 J B 0.19 J C 0.25 J D 0.95 J 20 The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean has a depth of about 10 km.

Assuming that sea water is incompressible and has a density of about 1020 kg m–3, what would be the approximate pressure at that depth?

A 105 Pa B 106

Pa C 107 Pa D 108

Pa Space for working


www.sheir.org


15


21 A wire consists of a 3.0 m length of metal X joined to a 1.0 m length of metal Y.

The cross-sectional area of the wire is uniform.

3.0 m

1.0 m

X

Y

load

A load hung from the wire causes metal X to stretch by 1.5 mm and metal Y to stretch by 1.0 mm.

The same load is then hung from a second wire of the same cross-section, consisting of 1.0 m of metal X and 3.0 m of metal Y.

What is the total extension of this second wire?



www.sheir.org


16

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

22 A student writes some statements about solids, liquids and gases.

1 Solids are rigid because the molecules in a solid vibrate.

2 Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer than in a gas.

3 Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas move randomly.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D none of the above 23 A stationary wave is produced by two loudspeakers emitting sound of the same frequency.

speaker 1

speaker 2

X Y

1.5 m

When a microphone is moved between X and Y, a distance of 1.5 m, six nodes and seven antinodes are detected.

What is the wavelength of the sound?

A 0.50 m B 0.43 m C 0.25 m D 0.21 m Space for working


www.sheir.org


17


24 When plane-polarised light of amplitude a is passed through a polarising filter as shown, the

amplitude of the light emerging is a cosθ.

θ

θ

plane polarisedlight

amplitude = aintensity = I

amplitude = a cos

polarising filter

The intensity of the initial beam is I.

What is the intensity of the emerging light when θ is 60.0°?

A 0.250 I B 0.500 I C 0.750 I D 0.866 I 25 The diagram shows a vertical cross-section through a water wave moving from left to right.

At which point is the water moving upwards with maximum speed?

A

B

C

D

Space for working


www.sheir.org


18

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

26 Which electromagnetic wave would cause the most significant diffraction effect for an atomic lattice of spacing around 10–10

m?

A infra-red

B microwave

C ultraviolet

D X-ray 27 The graph shows how the displacement of a particle in a wave varies with time.

displacement / cm

time / s

2

1

0

1

2

_

_

2 4 6


A The wave has an amplitude of 2 cm and could be either transverse or longitudinal.

B The wave has an amplitude of 2 cm and must be transverse.

C The wave has an amplitude of 4 cm and could be either transverse or longitudinal.

D The wave has an amplitude of 4 cm and must be transverse. Space for working


www.sheir.org


19


28 Electrons are accelerated and then directed into the uniform electric field between two parallel plates in a vacuum.

electrons

What best describes the shape of the path followed by the electrons in the field?

A a downwards curve along a line that is part of a circle

B a downwards curve along a line that is not part of a circle

C an upwards curve along a line that is part of a circle

D an upwards curve along a line that is not part of a circle 29 A charged particle is in the electric field between two horizontal metal plates connected to a

source of constant potential difference, as shown. There is a force F on the particle due to the electric field.

charged particle

The separation of the plates is doubled.

What will be the new force on the particle?

A 4

F B 2

F C F D 2F

Space for working


www.sheir.org


20

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

30 An electron is in an electric field of strength 5 × 104 V m–1. The field is the only influence on the

electron.

The mass and charge of an electron are known. Which quantity can be calculated without any more information?

A the force on the electron

B the momentum of the electron

C the kinetic energy of the electron

D the speed of the electron 31 A relay is required to operate 800 m from its power supply. The power supply has negligible

internal resistance. The relay requires 16.0 V and a current of 0.60 A to operate.

A cable connects the relay to the power supply and two of the wires in the cable are used to supply power to the relay.

The resistance of each of these wires is 0.0050 Ω per metre.

What is the minimum output e.m.f. of the power supply?

A 16.6 V B 18.4 V C 20.8 V D 29.3 V Space for working


www.sheir.org


21


32 The current in the circuit shown is 4.8 A.

R

X Y

What is the direction of flow and the rate of flow of electrons through the resistor R?

direction of flow rate of flow

A X to Y 3.0 × 1019 s–1

B X to Y 6.0 × 1018 s–1

C Y to X 3.0 × 1019 s–1

D Y to X 6.0 × 1018 s–1


120 Ω

40 Ω

160 Ω

What is the total resistance of the combination of the three resistors?

A 320 Ω B 240 Ω C 190 Ω D 80 Ω Space for working


www.sheir.org


22

© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

34 A copper wire is cylindrical and has resistance R.

What will be the resistance of a copper wire of twice the length and twice the radius?

A 4

R B

2

R C R D 2R

35 In the circuit below, P is a potentiometer of total resistance 10 Ω and Q is a fixed resistor of

resistance 10 Ω. The battery has an e.m.f. of 4.0 V and negligible internal resistance. The voltmeter has a very high resistance.

4.0 V

X

Y

P

Q

V

The slider on the potentiometer is moved from X to Y and a graph of voltmeter reading V is plotted against slider position.

Which graph would be obtained?

0X

A

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

B

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

D

slider positionY

V4

2

0X

C

slider positionY

V4

2

Space for working


www.sheir.org


23


36 Which component has the I-V graph shown?

I

V 0

0

A filament lamp

B light-dependent resistor

C semiconductor diode

D thermistor 37 The diagram shows an arrangement of resistors.

Y

X

10 Ω 10 Ω

10 Ω

10 Ω

What is the total electrical resistance between X and Y?

A less than 1 Ω

B between 1 Ω and 10 Ω

C between 10 Ω and 30 Ω

D 40 Ω Space for working


www.sheir.org


24



© UCLES 2010 9702/13/O/N/10

38 Which nuclear equation shows the beta decay of a nucleus of argon (Ar) into potassium (K)?

A Ar44

21 → K

40

19 + He

4

2

B Ar40

20 → K

40

19 + e

0

1

C Ar40

18 → K

40

19 + e

0

1−

D Ar40

19 → K

40

19 + γ0

0

39 Uranium-235 may be represented by the symbol U235

92.

Which row shows the numbers of nucleons, protons and neutrons in a 23592U nucleus?

nucleons protons neutrons

A 92 235 143

B 143 92 235

C 235 92 143

D 235 143 92

40 When a magnesium nucleus Mg25

12 is hit by a gamma ray, a sodium nucleus Na

24

11 is formed and

another particle is emitted.

What are the nucleon number (mass number) and proton number (atomic number) of the other particle produced in this nuclear reaction?

nucleon number proton number

A 0 –1

B 0 1

C 1 –1

D 1 1

Space for working


www.sheir.org


This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (NF/SW) 23601/3© UCLES 2010 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level


Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

*7714514366*

PHYSICS 9702/21

Paper 2 AS Structured Questions October/November 2010

1 hour

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

For Examiner’s Use

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data


permeability of free space, μ0 = 4π × 10–7 H m–1

permittivity of free space, ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1









gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2



www.sheir.org


3

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010 [Turn over

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + at 2

v2 = u2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas, W = pV

gravitational potential, φ = – Gm

r


pressure of an ideal gas, p = NmV

<c2>

simple harmonic motion, a = – ω 2x


v = ± ω √⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ (x02 – x2)

electric potential, V = Q4πε0r

capacitors in series, 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .


energy of charged capacitor, W = QV


resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(–λt )

decay constant, λ = 0.693

t


www.sheir.org


4

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Two of the SI base quantities are mass and time. State three other SI base quantities.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A sphere of radius r is moving at speed v through air of density ρ. The resistive force F acting on the sphere is given by the expression

F = Br 2ρvk

where B and k are constants without units.

(i) State the SI base units of F, ρ and v.

F ..............................................................................................................................

ρ ..............................................................................................................................

v .............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) Use base units to determine the value of k.

k = ................................................ [2]


www.sheir.org


5


BLANK PAGE

Please turn over for Question 2.


www.sheir.org


6

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

2 A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a building, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

60° Px

8.2 m s–1

Fig. 2.1

The ball is thrown with a horizontal speed of 8.2 m s–1. The side of the building is vertical. At point P on the path of the ball, the ball is distance x from the building and is moving at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. Air resistance is negligible.

(a) For the ball at point P,

(i) show that the vertical component of its velocity is 14.2 m s–1,

[2]

(ii) determine the vertical distance through which the ball has fallen,

distance = ............................................ m [2]


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(iii) determine the horizontal distance x.

x = ............................................ m [2]

(b) The path of the ball in (a), with an initial horizontal speed of 8.2 m s–1, is shown again in Fig. 2.2.

8.2 m s–1

Fig. 2.2

On Fig. 2.2, sketch the new path of the ball for the ball having an initial horizontal speed

(i) greater than 8 .2 m s–1 and with negligible air resistance (label this path G), [2]

(ii) equal to 8.2 m s–1 but with air resistance (label this path A). [2]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

3 (a) State the relation between force and momentum.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A rigid bar of mass 450 g is held horizontally by two supports A and B, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

ball

50 cm 25 cm

45 cm

A

B

C

Fig. 3.1

The support A is 45 cm from the centre of gravity C of the bar and support B is 25 cm from C.

A ball of mass 140 g falls vertically onto the bar such that it hits the bar at a distance of 50 cm from C, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball before, during and after hitting the bar is shown in Fig. 3.2.

–6

–4

–2

0

velocitydownwards

/ m s–1

2

4

6

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2time / s

Fig. 3.2


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

For the time that the ball is in contact with the bar, use Fig. 3.2

(i) to determine the change in momentum of the ball,

change = .................................. kg m s–1 [2]

(ii) to show that the force exerted by the ball on the bar is 33 N.

[1]

(c) For the time that the ball is in contact with the bar, use data from Fig. 3.1 and (b)(ii) to calculate the force exerted on the bar by

(i) the support A,

force = ............................................ N [3]

(ii) the support B.

force = ............................................ N [2]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 (a) A uniform wire has length L and constant area of cross-section A. The material of the wire has Young modulus E and resistivity ρ. A tension F in the wire causes its length to increase by DL.

For this wire, state expressions, in terms of L, A, F, DL and ρ for

(i) the stress σ,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) the strain ε,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) the Young modulus E,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) the resistance R.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) One end of a metal wire of length 2.6 m and constant area of cross-section 3.8 × 10–7 m2

is attached to a fixed point, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

2.6 m

wire

load30 N

Fig. 4.1


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

The Young modulus of the material of the wire is 7.0 × 1010 Pa and its resistivity is 2.6 × 10–8 Ω m.

A load of 30 N is attached to the lower end of the wire. Assume that the area of cross-section of the wire does not change.

For this load of 30 N,

(i) show that the extension of the wire is 2.9 mm,

[1]

(ii) calculate the change in resistance of the wire.

change = ............................................ Ω [2]

(c) The resistance of the wire changes with the applied load. Comment on the suggestion that this change of resistance could be used to measure

the magnitude of the load on the wire.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 (a) State what is meant by the diffraction of a wave.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Plane wavefronts are incident on a slit, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

slit

Fig. 5.1

Complete Fig. 5.1 to show four wavefronts that have emerged from the slit. [2]


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) Monochromatic light is incident normally on a diffraction grating having 650 lines per millimetre, as shown in Fig. 5.2.

zero order

first order

first order

second order

second order

grating

monochromaticlight

third order

third order

Fig. 5.2

An image (the zero order) is observed for light that has an angle of diffraction equal to zero.

For incident light of wavelength 590 nm, determine the number of orders of diffracted light that can be observed on each side of the zero order.

number = ................................................ [3]

(d) The images in Fig. 5.2 are viewed, starting with the zero order and then with increasing order number.

State how the appearance of the images changes as the order number increases.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 (a) A lamp is rated as 12 V, 36 W.

(i) Calculate the resistance of the lamp at its working temperature.

resistance = ............................................ Ω [2]

(ii) On the axes of Fig. 6.1, sketch a graph to show the current-voltage (I–V ) characteristic of the lamp. Mark an appropriate scale for current on the y-axis.

0 6 12V / V

I / A

Fig. 6.1 [3]


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) Some heaters are each labelled 230 V, 1.0 kW. The heaters have constant resistance.

Determine the total power dissipation for the heaters connected as shown in each of the diagrams shown below.

(i)

230 V

power = .......................................... kW [1]

(ii)

230 V

power = .......................................... kW [1]

(iii)

230 V

power = .......................................... kW [2]


www.sheir.org


16

9702/21/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

7 (a) Uranium (U) has at least fourteen isotopes. Explain what is meant by isotopes.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) One possible nuclear reaction involving uranium is

23592U + 10n 141

56Ba + 92ZKr + x 10n + energy.

(i) State three quantities that are conserved in a nuclear reaction.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

3. ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) For this reaction, determine the value of

1. Z,

Z = ................................................ [1]

2. x.

x = ................................................ [1]




www.sheir.org


This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (KN/SW) 23604/2© UCLES 2010 [Turn over






*6910565085*

PHYSICS 9702/22


1 hour




1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data



permittivity of free space, 0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1












www.sheir.org


3


Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 12at 2

v2 = u2 + 2as


gravitational potential, φ = – Gmr

hydrostatic pressure, p = gh

pressure of an ideal gas, p = 13

NmV

<c 2>

simple harmonic motion, a = – 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v0 cos t

v = ± ω (x02 – x 2)

electric potential, V = Q4π0r



energy of charged capacitor, W = 12 QV




radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(– λt)

decay constant, λ = 0.693t 1

2


www.sheir.org


4

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


1 (a) (i) Distinguish between vector quantities and scalar quantities.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) State whether each of the following is a vector quantity or a scalar quantity.

1. temperature

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

2. acceleration of free fall

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

3. electrical resistance

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) A block of wood of weight 25 N is held stationary on a slope by means of a string, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

35°

25 N

string

slope

R

T

Fig. 1.1

The tension in the string is T and the slope pushes on the block with a force R that is normal to the slope.

Either by scale drawing on Fig. 1.1 or by calculation, determine the tension T in the string.

T = .............................................. N [3]


www.sheir.org


6

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

2 A ball is thrown from a point P, which is at ground level, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.

h

36°P

path of ballwall

Fig. 2.1

The initial velocity of the ball is 12.4 m s–1 at an angle of 36° to the horizontal. The ball just passes over a wall of height h. The ball reaches the wall 0.17 s after it has been

thrown.

(a) Assuming air resistance to be negligible, calculate

(i) the horizontal distance of point P from the wall,

distance = ..............................................m [2]


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) the height h of the wall.

h = ..............................................m [3]

(b) A second ball is thrown from point P with the same velocity as the ball in (a). For this ball, air resistance is not negligible.

This ball hits the wall and rebounds.

On Fig. 2.1, sketch the path of this ball between point P and the point where it first hits the ground. [2]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

3 (a) State what is meant by the centre of gravity of a body.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A uniform rectangular sheet of card of weight W is suspended from a wooden rod. The card is held to one side, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

rod

card

Fig. 3.1

On Fig. 3.1,

(i) mark, and label with the letter C, the position of the centre of gravity of the card, [1]

(ii) mark with an arrow labelled W the weight of the card. [1]


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) The card in (b) is released. The card swings on the rod and eventually comes to rest.

(i) List the two forces, other than its weight and air resistance, that act on the card during the time that it is swinging. State where the forces act.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) By reference to the completed diagram of Fig. 3.1, state the position in which the card comes to rest.

Explain why the card comes to rest in this position.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 (a) A metal wire has spring constant k. Forces are applied to the ends of the wire to extend it within the limit of Hooke’s law.

Show that, for an extension x, the strain energy E stored in the wire is given by

E = 12kx 2.

[4]

(b) The wire in (a) is now extended beyond its elastic limit. The forces causing the extension are then removed.

The variation with extension x of the tension F in the wire is shown in Fig. 4.1.

00

20

40

60

80

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0x / mm

F / N

Fig. 4.1

Energy ES is expended to cause a permanent extension of the wire.

(i) On Fig. 4.1, shade the area that represents the energy ES. [1]


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) Use Fig. 4.1 to calculate the energy ES.

ES = ............................................ mJ [3]

(iii) Suggest the change in the structure of the wire that is caused by the energy ES.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 A student is studying a water wave in which all the wavefronts are parallel to one another. The variation with time t of the displacement x of a particular particle in the wave is shown

in Fig. 5.1.

0

x / mm

+1

–1

–2

–3

+2

+3

t / s0.20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

Fig. 5.1

The distance d of the oscillating particles from the source of the waves is measured. At a particular time, the variation of the displacement x with this distance d is shown in

Fig. 5.2.

0

x / mm

+1

–1

–2

–3

+2

+3

d / cm0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fig. 5.2

(a) Define, for a wave, what is meant by

(i) displacement,

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) wavelength.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) Use Figs. 5.1 and 5.2 to determine, for the water wave,

(i) the period T of vibration,

T = ............................................... s [1]

(ii) the wavelength k,

k = ............................................ cm [1] (iii) the speed v.

v = .......................................cm s–1 [2]

(c) (i) Use Figs. 5.1 and 5.2 to state and explain whether the wave is losing power as it moves away from the source.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Determine the ratio

intensity of wave at source–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––intensity of wave 6.0 cm from source

.

ratio = ................................................. [3]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 The variation with temperature of the resistance RT of a thermistor is shown in Fig. 6.1.

00

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5 10 15 20 25temperature / °C

RT / kΩ

Fig. 6.1

The thermistor is connected into the circuit of Fig. 6.2.

V

9.0 V

1.2 kΩ

1.6 kΩ

A B

Fig. 6.2


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

The battery has e.m.f. 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance. The voltmeter has infinite resistance.

(a) For the thermistor at 22.5 °C, calculate

(i) the total resistance between points A and B on Fig. 6.2,

resistance = ..............................................Ω [2]

(ii) the reading on the voltmeter.

voltmeter reading = ...............................................V [2]

(b) The temperature of the thermistor is changed. The voltmeter now reads 4.0 V. Determine

(i) the total resistance between points A and B on Fig. 6.2,

resistance = ..............................................Ω [2]


www.sheir.org


16

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) the temperature of the thermistor.

temperature = ............................................. °C [2]

(c) A student suggests that the voltmeter, reading up to 10 V, could be calibrated to measure temperature.

Suggest two disadvantages of using the circuit of Fig. 6.2 with this voltmeter for the measurement of temperature in the range 0 °C to 25 °C.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


17

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

7 The results of the a-particle scattering experiment provided evidence for the existence and small size of the nucleus.

(a) State the result that provided evidence for

(i) the small size of the nucleus, compared with the atom,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) the nucleus being charged and containing the majority of the mass of the atom.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The a-particles in this experiment originated from the decay of a radioactive nuclide. Suggest two reasons why b-particles from a radioactive source would be inappropriate

for this type of scattering experiment.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


18

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


19

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


20

9702/22/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE




www.sheir.org



DC (NF/CGW) 25489/3© UCLES 2010 [Turn over


*1679530626*

PHYSICS 9702/23


1 hour








1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data















www.sheir.org


3


Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + at 2

v2 = u2 + 2as


gravitational potential, φ = – Gm

r


pressure of an ideal gas, p = NmV

<c2>

simple harmonic motion, a = – ω 2x


v = ± ω √⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ (x02 – x2)




energy of charged capacitor, W = QV



alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(–λt )


t


www.sheir.org


4

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


1 Make estimates of the following quantities.

(a) the thickness of a sheet of paper

thickness = ....................................... mm [1]

(b) the time for sound to travel 100 m in air

time = ........................................... s [1]

(c) the weight of 1000 cm3 of water

weight = .......................................... N [1]

2 Briefly describe the structures of crystalline solids, polymers and amorphous materials.

crystalline solids ......................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

polymers ..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

amorphous materials ..............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................. [5]


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

3 A loudspeaker produces a sound wave of constant frequency.

Outline how a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) may be used to determine this frequency.

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]


www.sheir.org


6

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 A student takes measurements to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall. Some of the apparatus used is illustrated in Fig. 4.1.

electromagnet

ironball

bench

d

Fig. 4.1

The student measures the vertical distance d between the base of the electromagnet and the bench. The time t for an iron ball to fall from the electromagnet to the bench is also measured.

Corresponding values of t2 and d are shown in Fig. 4.2.

60

50

40

d /cm

30

20

10

00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

t 2 / s20.14

Fig. 4.2


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(a) On Fig. 4.2, draw the line of best fit for the points. [1]

(b) State and explain why there is a non-zero intercept on the graph of Fig. 4.2.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Determine the student’s value for

(i) the diameter of the ball,

diameter = ........................................ cm [1]

(ii) the acceleration of free fall.

acceleration = ..................................... m s–2 [3]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 A spring hangs vertically from a fixed point and a mass of 94 g is suspended from the spring, stretching the spring as shown in Fig. 5.1.

mass94 g 2.6 cm

Fig. 5.1 Fig. 5.2 Fig. 5.3

The mass is raised vertically so that the length of the spring is its unextended length. This is illustrated in Fig. 5.2.

The mass is then released. The mass moves through a vertical distance of 2.6 cm before temporarily coming to rest. This position is illustrated in Fig. 5.3.

(a) State which diagram, Fig. 5.1, Fig. 5.2 or Fig. 5.3, illustrates the position of the mass such that

(i) the mass has maximum gravitational potential energy,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) the spring has maximum strain energy.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Briefly describe the variation of the kinetic energy of the mass as the mass falls from its highest position (Fig. 5.2) to its lowest position (Fig. 5.3).

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) The strain energy E stored in the spring is given by the expression

E = 12kx2

where k is the spring constant and x is the extension of the spring.

For the mass moving between the positions shown in Fig. 5.2 and Fig. 5.3,

(i) calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy of the mass,

change = ........................................... J [2]

(ii) determine the extension of the spring at which the strain energy is half its maximum value.

extension = ........................................ cm [3]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 (a) State the principle of superposition.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Coherent light of wavelength 590 nm is incident normally on a double slit, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

screen

P

2.6 m

1.4 mm

A

B

coherent light

wavelength 590 nm

doubleslit

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

The separation of the slits A and B is 1.4 mm. Interference fringes are observed on a screen placed parallel to the plane of the double slit. The distance between the screen and the double slit is 2.6 m.

At point P on the screen, the path difference is zero for light arriving at P from the slits A and B.

(i) Determine the separation of bright fringes on the screen near to point P.

separation = ....................................... mm [3]


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) The variation with time of the displacement x of the light wave arriving at point P on the screen from slit A and from slit B is shown in Fig. 6.2a and Fig. 6.2b respectively.

0

1

x /arbitrary

units 2

3

–3

–2

–1

time

wave from slit A

0

Fig. 6.2a

0

1

x /arbitrary

units

2

–2

–1

time

wave from slit B

0

Fig. 6.2b

1. State the phase difference between waves forming the dark fringe on the screen that is next to point P.

phase difference = ............................................ ° [1]

2. Determine the ratio

intensity of light at a bright fringeintensity of light at a dark fringe

.

ratio = ............................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

7 Two oppositely-charged parallel metal plates are situated in a vacuum, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

negatively-chargedmetal plate

positively-chargedmetal plate

particle, mass m

L

charge + qspeed v

–

+

Fig. 7.1

The plates have length L. The uniform electric field between the plates has magnitude E. The electric field outside the

plates is zero.

A positively-charged particle has mass m and charge +q. Before the particle reaches the region between the plates, it is travelling with speed v parallel to the plates.

The particle passes between the plates and into the region beyond them.

(a) (i) On Fig. 7.1, draw the path of the particle between the plates and beyond them. [2]

(ii) For the particle in the region between the plates, state expressions, in terms of E, m, q, v and L, as appropriate, for

1. the force F on the particle,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

2. the time t for the particle to cross the region between the plates.

............................................................................................................................ [1]


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) (i) State the law of conservation of linear momentum.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Use your answers in (a)(ii) to state an expression for the change in momentum of the particle.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Suggest and explain whether the law of conservation of linear momentum applies to the particle moving between the plates.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

8 An electric heater has a constant resistance and is rated as 1.20 kW, 230 V.

The heater is connected to a 230 V supply by means of a cable that is 9.20 m long, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.

copper wiresin cable

230 V

9.20 m

heater,rated1.20 kW230 V

Fig. 8.1

The two copper wires that make up the cable each have a circular cross-section of diameter 0.900 mm. The resistivity of copper is 1.70 × 10–8 Ω m.

(a) Show that

(i) the resistance of the heater is 44.1 Ω,

[2]

(ii) the total resistance of the cable is 0.492 Ω.

[2]


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The current in the cable and heater is switched on. Determine, to three significant figures, the power dissipated in the heater.

power = .......................................... W [3]

(c) Suggest two disadvantages of connecting the heater to the 230 V supply using a cable consisting of two thinner copper wires.

1. ....................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... [2]



www.sheir.org


16

9702/23/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use



9 (a) Explain what is meant by radioactive decay.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) (i) State how the random nature of radioactive decay may be inferred from observations of the count rate.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) A radioactive source has a long half-life so that, over a period of several days, its rate of decay remains constant.

State the effect, if any, of a rise in temperature on this decay rate.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Suggest why some radioactive sources are found to contain traces of helium gas.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]


www.sheir.org



Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fl uid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer both questions.You will be allowed to work with the apparatus for a maximum of one hour for each question.You are expected to record all your observations as soon as these observations are made, and to plan the presentation of the records so that it is not necessary to make a fair copy of them.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

Additional answer paper and graph paper should be used only if it becomes necessary to do so.You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.All questions in this paper carry equal marks.

PHYSICS 9702/31

Advanced Practical Skills 1 October/November 2010

2 hours


Additional Materials: As listed in the Confi dential Instructions.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certifi cate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level


[Turn overIB10 11_9702_31/3RP© UCLES 2010

*0482195546*


Total

1

2


www.sheir.org


2

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use

You may not need to use all of the materials provided.

1 In this experiment, you will determine the resistance of an unknown resistor.

You have been supplied with a chain of eight resistors, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

terminal terminalFig. 1.1

Connection to one or more of the resistors can be made by attaching a crocodile clip between individual resistors.

The resistance of each individual resistor is 1000 Ω. The formula for the total resistance R of resistors in series is

R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ....

(a) (i) Set up the circuit in Fig. 1.2, with resistor X in the position shown.

Fig. 1.2

metercrocodile

clip Z

crocodileclip Y

X

metre rule resistancewire

a b

d.c. power supply

Only the fi rst resistor in the chain is included in the circuit. This has resistance R of 1000 Ω.

(ii) Place Z on the resistance wire and move Z until the meter reading is zero.

Measure and record lengths a and b.

a = .................................

b = .................................


www.sheir.org


4

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) Vary R by adjusting the position of Y on the chain of resistors.

Repeat (a)(ii) until you have six sets of readings of R, a and b.

Include values of in your table of results.

(c) (i) Plot a graph of on the y-axis against R on the x-axis.

(ii) Draw the straight line of best fi t.

(iii) Determine the gradient of this line.

gradient = .................................

ba

ba


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use


www.sheir.org


6

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(d) The quantities a, b and R are related by the equation

=

where X is the resistance of resistor X.

Use your answer in (c)(iii) to determine the value of X. Give an appropriate unit.

X = .................................

(e) Using your graph, determine the value of R that would be needed for the lengths a and b to be equal to each other.

R = .................................

ab

XR


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use


2 In this experiment, you will investigate how the motion of two masses connected by a string passing over a pulley depends on the difference between the two masses.

(a) Set up the apparatus with the pulley supported by the clamp. One possible way of doing this is shown in Fig. 2.1.

floor

tray

Fig. 2.1

string

mass A

mass B

pulley

Using the masses and hangers provided, make both the mass mA of A and the mass mB of B equal to 100 g. It must be possible to transfer masses from B to A.

(b) Adjust the position of the apparatus so that the masses and pulley overhang the bench.


www.sheir.org


8

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) (i) Adjust the height of the apparatus so that the distance h between the bottom of mass A and the fl oor is approximately 1 metre, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

mass A

mass B

h

Fig. 2.2

floor

(ii) Measure and record h.

h = .................................

(d) (i) Transfer 10 g from mass B to mass A.

(ii) Record the mass mA of mass A and the mass mB of mass B. Calculate the difference in mass (mA – mB).

mA = .................................

mB = .................................

(mA – mB) = .................................

(iii) Release mass A from height h as recorded in (c)(ii) and determine the time t it takes to reach the fl oor.

t = .................................


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(e) Estimate the percentage uncertainty in your value of t.

percentage uncertainty = .................................

(f) Transfer another 10 g from mass B to mass A and repeat (d)(ii) and (d)(iii).

mA = .................................

mB = .................................

(mA – mB) = .................................

t = .................................

(g) It is suggested that the relationship between (mA – mB) and t is

(mA – mB) =

where k is a constant.

(i) Using your data, calculate two values of k.

fi rst value of k = .................................

second value of k = .................................

kt

2


www.sheir.org


10

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) Justify the number of signifi cant fi gures that you have given for your values of k.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

(iii) Explain whether your results support the suggested relationship.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


11

9702/31/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(h) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure in this experiment.

1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe four improvements that could be made to this experiment. You may suggest the use of other apparatus or different procedures.

1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


12

9702/31/O/N/10

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.


BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010


www.sheir.org







PHYSICS 9702/33


2 hours






*9471512454*


Total

1

2


www.sheir.org


2

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


1 In this experiment, you will investigate how the motion of a pendulum bob is affected by the height of the bob above the bench.

(a) (i) Set up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.1.

thread

bob

Fig. 1.1

clamp

x

h

bench

The distance h from the point of suspension to the bench should be as large as possible.

The distance x between the centre of the bob and the bench should be approximately 5 cm.

(ii) Measure and record distance h.

Throughout this experiment, do not change the distance h.

h = .................................

(iii) Measure and record distance x.

x = .................................


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) Displace the bob a small distance to the left. Release the bob and watch the movement.

The time the bob takes for each complete swing, fi rst to the right and then back to the left, as shown in Fig. 1.2, is T.

Fig. 1.2

By timing several of these complete swings, determine an accurate value of T.

T = .................................


www.sheir.org


4

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) Keeping h constant, change x and repeat (a)(iii) and (b) until you have six sets of values for x and T. Include values for T

2 in your table of results.

(d) (i) Plot a graph of T 2 on the y-axis against x on the x-axis.


(iii) Determine the gradient and y-intercept of this line of best fi t.

gradient = .................................

y-intercept = .................................


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use


www.sheir.org


6

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(e) The quantities T and x are related by the equation

T 2 = A – Bx

where A and B are constants.

Use your answers to (d)(iii) to determine the value of .

Give an appropriate unit.

= .................................

AB

AB


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use


2 In this experiment, you will investigate how the potential difference across a current-carrying wire depends on its diameter.

(a) Measure and record the diameter d of wire A.

d = .................................

(b) Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 2.1. The wire A should be connected into the circuit using crocodile clips placed close to the ends of the wire.

A

V

wire A crocodile clipcrocodile clip

Fig. 2.1

(c) (i) Measure and record the length L of wire between the crocodile clips.

L = .................................

(ii) Estimate the percentage uncertainty in your value of L.



www.sheir.org


8

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(d) (i) Close the switch. Adjust the variable resistor until the current is close to 90 mA. Record this current I.

I = .................................

(ii) Record the voltmeter reading V and then open the switch.

V = .................................

(e) Measure and record the diameter d of wire B.

d = .................................

(f) (i) In the circuit, replace wire A with wire B, maintaining the same length L of wire between the crocodile clips as in (c)(i).

(ii) Close the switch. Adjust I to the same value as in (d)(i). Record V and then open the switch.

V = .................................

(g) It is suggested that the relationship between V, L and d is

V =



value of k for wire A = .................................

value of k for wire B = .................................

kLd

2


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use


....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

Question 2 continues on the next page.


www.sheir.org


10

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(h) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure in this experiment.

1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................


1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


11

9702/33/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


12

9702/33/O/N/10



BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010


www.sheir.org







PHYSICS 9702/34


2 hours






*3072520809*


Total

1

2


www.sheir.org


2

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use


1 In this experiment, you will investigate the equilibrium position of a metre rule that is balanced on a curved surface.

(a) Mount the cylinder provided on its side on the board, wedging it with modelling clay, as shown in Fig. 1.1. If the cylinder has a lip, this should hang over the edge of the board, as shown.

modellingclay

lip

sandpaper strip

board

Fig. 1.1 (side view)

Note that the sandpaper strip is on the top of the cylinder.

(b) One of the metre rules has a cotton loop, fi xed at the 65 cm mark. Balance this metre rule on the sandpaper strip so that it is parallel to the bench, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

h1 h2

modellingclay

board

metre rule

cottonloop

Fig. 1.2 (end view)

bench

(c) Measure and record the heights h1 and h2 from the bench to the bottom of each end of the metre rule (see Fig. 1.2).

h1 = ………………………… cm

h2 = ………………………… cm


www.sheir.org


4

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(d) (i) Open out three paperclips as shown in Fig. 1.3.

Fig. 1.3

(ii) Hang the three paperclips from the cotton loop and measure and record h1 and h2.

h1 = ................................. cm

h2 = ................................. cm

(iii) In (ii), the number n of paperclips was 3. Now increase n and measure h1 and h2 again until you have six sets of values

for n, h1 and h2. Include in your table of results values for and .

(e) (i) Plot a graph of on the y-axis against on the x-axis.


(iii) Determine the gradient and y-intercept of this line.

gradient = .................................

y-intercept = .................................

1(h1 – h2)

1(h1 – h2)

1n

1n


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use


www.sheir.org


6

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(f) It is suggested that the relationship between h1, h2 and n is

= + b

where a and b are constants.

Using your answers from (e)(iii), determine the values of a and b. Give appropriate units.

a = .................................

b = .................................

1(h1 – h2)

an


www.sheir.org


7

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE

[Turn over



www.sheir.org


8

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


2 In this experiment, you will investigate water fl ow through a hole in a container.

You are provided with a transparent plastic bottle with a small hole drilled in its base and with labels marking two positions P and Q.

The apparatus has been set up for you as shown in Fig. 2.1.

h

Q

P

tray

clamp

beakerof water

hole

labels

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Remove the bottle from the clamp and measure the diameter d of the bottle at position Q.

d = ................................. cm

(ii) Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the bottle at position Q, using the relationship

A = .

A = ................................. cm2

πd 2

4


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) On the label at position Q, there are two horizontal lines, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

h

Qx

Fig. 2.2

(i) Measure and record the distance x between the lines at position Q.

x = ................................. cm

(ii) Estimate the percentage uncertainty in x.


(c) (i) Calculate the volume V of the bottle between the lines at position Q using the relationship V = Ax.

V = ................................. cm3

(ii) Measure and record the distance h between the base of the bottle and the lower line at position Q.

h = ................................. cm

(d) (i) Locate the small hole in the base of the bottle.

(ii) Replace the bottle in the clamp as in Fig. 2.1. Cover the hole in the base of the bottle with your fi nger and then add water to the

bottle so that the water level is just above the lines at position Q. Replace the beaker under the bottle.

(iii) Remove your fi nger so that water fl ows into the beaker and measure the time it takes for the water level to drop between the two lines at position Q.

Record this time t.

t = ................................. s

(iv) Calculate the fl ow rate R, using the relationship R = . Give an appropriate unit.

R = .................................

Vt


www.sheir.org


10

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(e) (i) Remove the bottle from the clamp and repeat (b)(i) and (c) for the lines atposition P, using your value of cross-sectional area from (a)(ii).

x = ................................. cm

V = ................................. cm3

h = ................................. cm

(ii) Repeat (d) for the lines at position P.

t = ................................. s

R = .................................

(f) (i) It is suggested that the relationship between R and h is

R = kh


Using your data, calculate two values of k.

k for position Q = .................................

k for position P = .................................

(ii) Explain whether your results support the suggested relationship.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


11

9702/34/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(g) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure in this experiment.

1. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


1. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. . ...............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


12

9702/34/O/N/10



BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010


www.sheir.org







PHYSICS 9702/35


2 hours






*4471498678*


Total

1

2


www.sheir.org


2

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use


1 In this experiment, you will determine the resistivity of a metal in the form of a wire.

(a) (i) Measure and record the diameter d of the short sample of wire that is attached to the card. You may remove the wire from the card.

d = .................................

(ii) Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the wire using the formula

A = .

A = .................................

(b) (i) Set up the circuit shown in Fig. 1.1 and close the switch.

Fig. 1.1

metre rule wire

x

Y

A

+ –

R

(ii) Position the crocodile clip labelled ‘Y’ half-way along the wire.

(iii) Measure and record the distance x of wire between the two crocodile clips, and the ammeter reading I.

x = .................................

I = .................................

πd 2

4


www.sheir.org


4

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use (c) Change x and repeat (b)(iii) until you have six sets of readings of x and I.

Include values of in your table.

(d) (i) Plot a graph of on the y-axis against x on the x-axis.



gradient = .................................

y-intercept = .................................

1I

1I


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use


www.sheir.org


6

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use (e) The quantities I and x are related by the equation

= Mx + N

where M and N are constants and

=

where is the resistivity of the material of the wire and the resistance R of the fi xed resistor is given on a card.

Use your answers in (a)(ii) and (d)(iii) to determine a value for .

= .................................

1I

MN AR


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use


2 In this experiment, you will investigate the equilibrium of a wooden strip.

(a) (i) Attach masses to the apparatus as shown in Fig. 2.1.

x

nail

string

woodenstrip

loop ofstring

mass A60 g

mass B50 g

bench

Fig. 2.1

Mass A is suspended from the wooden strip using the loop of string. The distance between this loop and the nearest end of the wooden strip is x.

(ii) Change x until the wooden strip is balanced and approximately parallel to the bench. Measure and record x.

x = .................................


www.sheir.org


8

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) (i) Remove both masses. Thread the string for mass B over the pulley, and then attach the masses again, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

x

mass Am

mass BM

Fig. 2.2

θ

pulley

(ii) Transfer 10 g from mass A to mass B.

(iii) With x at the same value as in (a)(ii), adjust the position of the pulley until the wooden strip is parallel to the bench.

Measure and record the angle that the string for mass B makes with the vertical, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

= .................................

(iv) Estimate the percentage uncertainty in your value of .



www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(v) Record the mass m of mass A and the mass M of mass B.

m = .................................

M = .................................

(vi) Calculate .

= .................................

(c) Transfer another 10 g from mass A to mass B. Repeat (b)(iii), (b)(v) and (b)(vi).

= .................................

m = .................................

M = .................................

= .................................

(d) It is suggested that the relationship between m, M and is

cos = k



fi rst value of k = = .................................

second value of k = = .................................

mM

mM

mM

mM


www.sheir.org


10

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


11

9702/35/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(e) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure in this experiment.

1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


12

9702/35/O/N/10



BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010


www.sheir.org







PHYSICS 9702/36


2 hours






*5669961664*


Total

1

2


www.sheir.org


2

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


1 In this experiment, you will investigate the equilibrium position of a fl at board.

(a) The board is suspended from a nail as in Fig. 1.1. Check that the board can swing freely.

Fig. 1.1

bench

nail heldin boss

retort stand

board

holes

h1 h2

l

(b) Measure the heights h1 and h2 of the two lower corners of the board above the bench.

If necessary, add a small amount of Blu-Tack to the top edge of the board so that the two heights are the same (i.e. so that the lower edge of the board is parallel to the bench).

(c) Measure and record the length l of the lower edge of the board.

l = ................................. cm


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use

(d) Using the wire hook, attach the 150 g mass to the top hole in the board, as shownin Fig. 1.2.

d

bench

Fig. 1.2

θ

h2

h1

metrerule

setsquare

The distance d is measured from the top edge of the board to the hole with the hook in it. The angle is the angle between the lower edge of the board and the horizontal.

(e) (i) Measure and record h1 and h2. You may fi nd it useful to use a set square as shown in Fig. 1.2.

h1 = ................................. cm

h2 = ................................. cm

(ii) Using your answer from (c), calculate (in degrees) using the relationship

sin = .

= ................................. °

(iii) Measure and record d.

d = .................................

h1 – h2

l


www.sheir.org


4

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(f) Increase d by moving the hook and 150 g mass to a lower hole in the board, andrepeat (e) until you have fi ve sets of readings of h1, h2 and d.

Include in your table values for and .

(g) (i) Plot a graph of on the y-axis against d on the x-axis.



gradient = .................................

y-intercept = .................................

1tan

1tan


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use


www.sheir.org


6

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(h) The quantities and d are related by the equation

= ad + b


Using your answers from (g)(iii), determine the values of a and b. Give units where appropriate.

a = .................................

b = .................................

1tan


www.sheir.org


7

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE

[Turn over



www.sheir.org


8

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use


2 In this experiment, you will investigate the frictional force between strips of paper.

(a) You have been provided with three strips of paper, one of which is shaped, and a wire hook.

Attach the wire hook to the end of the shaped strip by folding and glueing, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Glue together the other two strips over a 4 cm length at one end and clamp this glued end to the bench.

Position the strips as shown in Fig. 2.1.

stripsglued here

clamp

4 cm

shaped striphook

paper foldedover and glued

bench

Fig. 2.1

(b) (i) You have also been provided with two rubber pencil erasers. Measure the length and width of the larger eraser and use these to calculate the area A of the largest face as shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2

A

length = .................................

width = .................................

A = .................................

(ii) Justify the number of signifi cant fi gures that you have given for your value of A.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) (i) Place the larger rubber pencil eraser on top of the paper strips and balancethe 500 g mass on top of the eraser, as shown in Fig. 2.3.

(ii) Attach the newton-meter to the hook and lay it horizontally on the bench as shown in Fig. 2.3. Check that it reads zero (adjust the zero if necessary).

500 g mass

eraserhook

newton-meter

Fig. 2.3

(d) (i) Pull the newton-meter until the middle paper strip starts to slide. Take measurements to determine the average force F that just makes the strip slide. Show your working.

F = .................................

(ii) By considering the measurements that you took in (i), estimate the uncertainty in your value of F.

uncertainty = ................................. N


www.sheir.org


10

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(e) Repeat (b)(i), (c) and (d)(i) but using the smaller piece of rubber eraser.

length = .................................

width = .................................

A = .................................

F = .................................

(f) It is suggested that F remains constant when A is changed. Using your answer in (d)(ii), explain whether your results support the suggested

relationship.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


11

9702/36/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(g) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure in this experiment.

1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


1. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


12

9702/36/O/N/10



BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010


www.sheir.org



DC (LEO/SW) 23673/4© UCLES 2010 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced Level





*1746825571*

PHYSICS 9702/41

Paper 4 A2 Structured Questions October/November 2010

1 hour 45 minutes




1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data















www.sheir.org


3


Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 12 at 2

v2 = u2 + 2as





NmV

<c2>

simple harmonic motion, a = – ω2x


v = ± ω √⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ (x02 – x 2)








radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(– λt )


t 12


www.sheir.org


4

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Section A


1 (a) Define gravitational field strength.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An isolated star has radius R. The mass of the star may be considered to be a point mass at the centre of the star.

The gravitational field strength at the surface of the star is gs.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a graph to show the variation of the gravitational field strength of the star with distance from its centre. You should consider distances in the range R to 4R.

0R 2R 3R 4R

distance

0.2gs

0.4gs

0.6gs

0.8gs

gravitationalfield strength

surfaceof star

1.0gs

Fig. 1.1 [2]

(c) The Earth and the Moon may be considered to be spheres that are isolated in space with their masses concentrated at their centres.

The masses of the Earth and the Moon are 6.00 × 1024 kg and 7.40 × 1022 kg respectively.

The radius of the Earth is RE and the separation of the centres of the Earth and the Moon is 60 RE, as illustrated in Fig. 1.2.

Earthmass

6.00 x 1024 kg

Moonmass

7.40 x 1022 kg

RE

60 RE



www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

(i) Explain why there is a point between the Earth and the Moon at which the gravitational field strength is zero.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Determine the distance, in terms of RE, from the centre of the Earth at which the gravitational field strength is zero.

distance = ...........................................RE [3]

(iii) On the axes of Fig. 1.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the gravitational field strength with position between the surface of the Earth and the surface of the Moon.

0


surfaceof Earth

surfaceof Moon

distance

Fig. 1.3 [3]


www.sheir.org


6

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

2 (a) (i) State the basic assumption of the kinetic theory of gases that leads to the conclusion that the potential energy between the atoms of an ideal gas is zero.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State what is meant by the internal energy of a substance.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Explain why an increase in internal energy of an ideal gas is directly related to a rise in temperature of the gas.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes a cycle PQRP of changes as shown in Fig. 2.1.

050 10 15 20 25 30

2

4

6

volume/ 10–4 m3

pressure / 105 Pa

8

10

Q

P

R

Fig. 2.1


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(i) State the change in internal energy of the gas during one complete cycle PQRP.

change = ............................................. J [1]

(ii) Calculate the work done on the gas during the change from P to Q.

work done = .............................................. J [2]

(iii) Some energy changes during the cycle PQRP are shown in Fig. 2.2.

changework done on gas

/ Jheating supplied

to gas / Jincrease in

internal energy / J

P Q

Q R

R P

.............................

0

.............................

–600

+720

+480

.............................

.............................

.............................

Fig. 2.2

Complete Fig. 2.2 to show all of the energy changes. [3]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

3 A student sets up the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 in order to investigate the oscillations of a metal cube suspended on a spring.

variable-frequencyoscillator

thread

pulley

spring

metalcube

Fig. 3.1

The amplitude of the vibrations produced by the oscillator is constant. The variation with frequency of the amplitude of the oscillations of the metal cube is shown

in Fig. 3.2.

042 6 8 10

5

10

15

amplitude/ mm

frequency / Hz

20

Fig. 3.2

(a) (i) State the phenomenon illustrated in Fig. 3.2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) For the maximum amplitude of vibration, state the magnitudes of the amplitude and the frequency.

amplitude = ............................................. mm

frequency = ............................................... Hz [1]


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The oscillations of the metal cube of mass 150 g may be assumed to be simple harmonic.

Use your answers in (a)(ii) to determine, for the metal cube,

(i) its maximum acceleration,

acceleration = ...................................... m s–2 [3]

(ii) the maximum resultant force on the cube.

force = .......................................... N [2]

(c) Some very light feathers are attached to the top surface of the cube so that the feathers extend outwards, beyond the vertical sides of the cube.

The investigation is now repeated. On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show the new variation with frequency of the amplitude of

vibration for frequencies between 2 Hz and 10 Hz. [2]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 (a) Define capacitance.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An isolated metal sphere has a radius r. When charged to a potential V, the charge on the sphere is q.

The charge may be considered to act as a point charge at the centre of the sphere.

(i) State an expression, in terms of r and q, for the potential V of the sphere.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) This isolated sphere has capacitance. Use your answers in (a) and (b)(i) to show that the capacitance of the sphere is proportional to its radius.

[1]

(c) The sphere in (b) has a capacitance of 6.8 pF and is charged to a potential of 220 V.

Calculate

(i) the radius of the sphere,

radius = ........................................... m [3]


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) the charge, in coulomb, on the sphere.

charge = ........................................... C [1]

(d) A second uncharged metal sphere is brought up to the sphere in (c) so that they touch. The combined capacitance of the two spheres is 18 pF.

Calculate

(i) the potential of the two spheres,

potential = ............................................ V [1]

(ii) the change in the total energy stored on the spheres when they touch.

change = ........................................... J [3]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 Positive ions are travelling through a vacuum in a narrow beam. The ions enter a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B and are deflected in a semi-circular arc, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

12.8 cm

detector

beam ofpositive ions

uniform magneticfield

Fig. 5.1

The ions, travelling with speed 1.40 × 105 m s–1, are detected at a fixed detector when the diameter of the arc in the magnetic field is 12.8 cm.

(a) By reference to Fig. 5.1, state the direction of the magnetic field.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The ions have mass 20 u and charge +1.6 × 10–19 C. Show that the magnetic flux density is 0.454 T. Explain your working.

[3]


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) Ions of mass 22 u with the same charge and speed as those in (b) are also present in the beam.

(i) On Fig. 5.1, sketch the path of these ions in the magnetic field of magnetic flux density 0.454 T. [1]

(ii) In order to detect these ions at the fixed detector, the magnetic flux density is changed.

Calculate this new magnetic flux density.

magnetic flux density = ............................................. T [2]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 A simple iron-cored transformer is illustrated in Fig. 6.1.

outputinput

primarycoil

secondarycoil

ironcore

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) State why the primary and secondary coils are wound on a core made of iron.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Suggest why thermal energy is generated in the core when the transformer isin use.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage and current in the primary coil are VP and IP respectively.

The r.m.s. voltage and current in the secondary coil are VS and IS respectively.

(i) Explain, by reference to direct current, what is meant by the root-mean-square value of an alternating current.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Show that, for an ideal transformer,

VS

VP

= IP

IS

.

[2]


www.sheir.org


16

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

7 (a) State an effect, one in each case, that provides evidence for

(i) the wave nature of a particle,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Four electron energy levels in an atom are shown in Fig. 7.1.

electronenergy

–0.87 × 10–19 J

–1.36 × 10–19 J

–2.42 × 10–19 J

–5.44 × 10–19 J


An emission spectrum is associated with the electron transitions between these energy levels.

For this spectrum,

(i) state the number of lines,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) calculate the minimum wavelength.

wavelength = ........................................... m [2]


www.sheir.org


17


ForExaminer’s

Use

8 In some power stations, nuclear fission is used as a source of energy.

(a) State what is meant by nuclear fission.

.........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The nuclear fission reaction produces neutrons. In the power station, the neutrons may be absorbed by rods made of boron-10.

Complete the nuclear equation for the absorption of a single neutron by a boron-10 nucleus with the emission of an a-particle.

105B + ...................... .......

3Li + ...................... [3]

(c) Suggest why, when neutrons are absorbed in the boron rods, the rods become hot as a result of this nuclear reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


18

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Section B


9 An amplifier circuit incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp) is shown in Fig. 9.1.

R2

VIN

VOUTR1

–

–9 V

+9 V

+

Fig. 9.1

(a) State

(i) the name of this type of amplifier circuit,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the gain G in terms of resistances R1 and R2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


19


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The value of R1 is 820 Ω. The resistor of resistance R2 is replaced with a light-dependent resistor (LDR).

The input potential difference VIN is 15 mV. Calculate the output potential difference VOUT for the LDR having a resistance of

(i) 100 Ω (the LDR is in sunlight),

VOUT = ............................................. V [2]

(ii) 1.0 MΩ (the LDR is in darkness).

VOUT = ........................................... V [1]


www.sheir.org


20

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

10 (a) (i) State what is meant by the acoustic impedance of a medium.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Data for some media are given in Fig. 10.1.

medium speed of ultrasound/ m s–1

acoustic impedance/ kg m–2 s–1

airgelsoft tissuebone

330150016004100

4.3 × 102

1.5 × 106

1.6 × 106

7.0 × 106

Fig. 10.1

Use data from Fig. 10.1 to calculate a value for the density of bone.

density = .................................... kg m–3 [1]

(b) A parallel beam of ultrasound has intensity I. It is incident at right-angles to a boundary between two media, as shown in Fig. 10.2.

transmittedintensity IT

reflectedintensity IR

incidentintensity I

acoustic impedance Z2acoustic impedance Z1

boundary

Fig. 10.2

The media have acoustic impedances of Z1 and Z2. The transmitted intensity of the ultrasound beam is IT and the reflected intensity is IR.

(i) State the relation between I, IT and IR.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


21


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) The reflection coefficient a is given by the expression

a = (Z2 – Z1)2

(Z2 + Z1)2.

Use data from Fig. 10.1 to determine the reflection coefficient a for a boundary between

1. gel and soft tissue,

a = .................................................. [2]

2. air and soft tissue.

a = .................................................. [1]

(c) By reference to your answers in (b)(ii), explain the use of a gel on the surface of skin during ultrasound diagnosis.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


22

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

11 (a) Wire pairs provide one means of communication but they are subject to high levels of noise and attenuation.

Explain what is meant by

(i) noise,

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) attenuation.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A microphone is connected to a receiver using a wire pair, as shown in Fig. 11.1.

receiver

wire pair

microphone

Fig. 11.1

The wire pair has an attenuation per unit length of 12 dB km–1. The noise power in the wire pair is 3.4 × 10–9 W.

The microphone produces a signal power of 2.9 lW.

(i) Calculate the maximum length of the wire pair so that the minimum signal-to-noise ratio is 24 dB.

length = ............................................ m [4]

(ii) Communication over distances greater than that calculated in (i) is required. Suggest how the circuit of Fig. 11.1 may be modified so that the minimum

signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver is not reduced.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]


www.sheir.org


23


ForExaminer’s

Use

12 (a) Outline the principles of the use of a geostationary satellite for communication on Earth.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]



www.sheir.org


24

9702/41/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use



(b) Polar-orbiting satellites are also used for communication on Earth. State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of polar-orbiting satellites as

compared with geostationary satellites.

advantage: ......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage: ..................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... [4]


www.sheir.org



DC (AC/SW) 34437© UCLES 2010 [Turn over






*2900417311*

PHYSICS 9702/42


1 hour 45 minutes




1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data















www.sheir.org


3


Formulae


v2 = u2 + 2as





NmV

<c2>



v = ± ω √⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ (x02 – x 2)










t 12


www.sheir.org


4

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Section A


1 (a) Define gravitational field strength.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An isolated star has radius R. The mass of the star may be considered to be a point mass at the centre of the star.

The gravitational field strength at the surface of the star is gs.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a graph to show the variation of the gravitational field strength of the star with distance from its centre. You should consider distances in the range R to 4R.

0R 2R 3R 4R

distance

0.2gs

0.4gs

0.6gs

0.8gs


surfaceof star

1.0gs

Fig. 1.1 [2]

(c) The Earth and the Moon may be considered to be spheres that are isolated in space with their masses concentrated at their centres.

The masses of the Earth and the Moon are 6.00 × 1024 kg and 7.40 × 1022 kg respectively.

The radius of the Earth is RE and the separation of the centres of the Earth and the Moon is 60 RE, as illustrated in Fig. 1.2.

Earthmass

6.00 x 1024 kg

Moonmass

7.40 x 1022 kg

RE

60 RE



www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

(i) Explain why there is a point between the Earth and the Moon at which the gravitational field strength is zero.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Determine the distance, in terms of RE, from the centre of the Earth at which the gravitational field strength is zero.

distance = ...........................................RE [3]

(iii) On the axes of Fig. 1.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the gravitational field strength with position between the surface of the Earth and the surface of the Moon.

0


surfaceof Earth

surfaceof Moon

distance

Fig. 1.3 [3]


www.sheir.org


6

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

2 (a) (i) State the basic assumption of the kinetic theory of gases that leads to the conclusion that the potential energy between the atoms of an ideal gas is zero.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State what is meant by the internal energy of a substance.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Explain why an increase in internal energy of an ideal gas is directly related to a rise in temperature of the gas.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes a cycle PQRP of changes as shown in Fig. 2.1.

050 10 15 20 25 30

2

4

6

volume/ 10–4 m3

pressure / 105 Pa

8

10

Q

P

R

Fig. 2.1


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(i) State the change in internal energy of the gas during one complete cycle PQRP.

change = ............................................. J [1]

(ii) Calculate the work done on the gas during the change from P to Q.

work done = .............................................. J [2]

(iii) Some energy changes during the cycle PQRP are shown in Fig. 2.2.

changework done on gas

/ Jheating supplied

to gas / Jincrease in

internal energy / J

P Q

Q R

R P

.............................

0

.............................

–600

+720

+480

.............................

.............................

.............................

Fig. 2.2

Complete Fig. 2.2 to show all of the energy changes. [3]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

3 A student sets up the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 in order to investigate the oscillations of a metal cube suspended on a spring.

variable-frequencyoscillator

thread

pulley

spring

metalcube

Fig. 3.1

The amplitude of the vibrations produced by the oscillator is constant. The variation with frequency of the amplitude of the oscillations of the metal cube is shown

in Fig. 3.2.

042 6 8 10

5

10

15

amplitude/ mm

frequency / Hz

20

Fig. 3.2

(a) (i) State the phenomenon illustrated in Fig. 3.2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) For the maximum amplitude of vibration, state the magnitudes of the amplitude and the frequency.

amplitude = ............................................. mm

frequency = ............................................... Hz [1]


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The oscillations of the metal cube of mass 150 g may be assumed to be simple harmonic.

Use your answers in (a)(ii) to determine, for the metal cube,

(i) its maximum acceleration,

acceleration = ...................................... m s–2 [3]

(ii) the maximum resultant force on the cube.

force = .......................................... N [2]

(c) Some very light feathers are attached to the top surface of the cube so that the feathers extend outwards, beyond the vertical sides of the cube.

The investigation is now repeated. On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show the new variation with frequency of the amplitude of

vibration for frequencies between 2 Hz and 10 Hz. [2]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 (a) Define capacitance.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An isolated metal sphere has a radius r. When charged to a potential V, the charge on the sphere is q.

The charge may be considered to act as a point charge at the centre of the sphere.

(i) State an expression, in terms of r and q, for the potential V of the sphere.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) This isolated sphere has capacitance. Use your answers in (a) and (b)(i) to show that the capacitance of the sphere is proportional to its radius.

[1]

(c) The sphere in (b) has a capacitance of 6.8 pF and is charged to a potential of 220 V.

Calculate

(i) the radius of the sphere,

radius = ........................................... m [3]


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) the charge, in coulomb, on the sphere.

charge = ........................................... C [1]

(d) A second uncharged metal sphere is brought up to the sphere in (c) so that they touch. The combined capacitance of the two spheres is 18 pF.

Calculate

(i) the potential of the two spheres,

potential = ............................................ V [1]

(ii) the change in the total energy stored on the spheres when they touch.

change = ........................................... J [3]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 Positive ions are travelling through a vacuum in a narrow beam. The ions enter a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B and are deflected in a semi-circular arc, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

12.8 cm

detector

beam ofpositive ions

uniform magneticfield

Fig. 5.1

The ions, travelling with speed 1.40 × 105 m s–1, are detected at a fixed detector when the diameter of the arc in the magnetic field is 12.8 cm.

(a) By reference to Fig. 5.1, state the direction of the magnetic field.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The ions have mass 20 u and charge +1.6 × 10–19 C. Show that the magnetic flux density is 0.454 T. Explain your working.

[3]


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) Ions of mass 22 u with the same charge and speed as those in (b) are also present in the beam.

(i) On Fig. 5.1, sketch the path of these ions in the magnetic field of magnetic flux density 0.454 T. [1]

(ii) In order to detect these ions at the fixed detector, the magnetic flux density is changed.

Calculate this new magnetic flux density.

magnetic flux density = ............................................. T [2]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 A simple iron-cored transformer is illustrated in Fig. 6.1.

outputinput

primarycoil

secondarycoil

ironcore

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) State why the primary and secondary coils are wound on a core made of iron.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Suggest why thermal energy is generated in the core when the transformer isin use.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage and current in the primary coil are VP and IP respectively.

The r.m.s. voltage and current in the secondary coil are VS and IS respectively.

(i) Explain, by reference to direct current, what is meant by the root-mean-square value of an alternating current.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Show that, for an ideal transformer,

VS

VP

= IP

IS

.

[2]


www.sheir.org


16

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

7 (a) State an effect, one in each case, that provides evidence for

(i) the wave nature of a particle,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Four electron energy levels in an atom are shown in Fig. 7.1.

electronenergy

–0.87 × 10–19 J

–1.36 × 10–19 J

–2.42 × 10–19 J

–5.44 × 10–19 J


An emission spectrum is associated with the electron transitions between these energy levels.

For this spectrum,

(i) state the number of lines,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) calculate the minimum wavelength.

wavelength = ........................................... m [2]


www.sheir.org


17


ForExaminer’s

Use

8 In some power stations, nuclear fission is used as a source of energy.

(a) State what is meant by nuclear fission.

.........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The nuclear fission reaction produces neutrons. In the power station, the neutrons may be absorbed by rods made of boron-10.

Complete the nuclear equation for the absorption of a single neutron by a boron-10 nucleus with the emission of an a-particle.

105B + ...................... .......

3Li + ...................... [3]

(c) Suggest why, when neutrons are absorbed in the boron rods, the rods become hot as a result of this nuclear reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


18

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Section B


9 An amplifier circuit incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp) is shown in Fig. 9.1.

R2

VIN

VOUTR1

–

–9 V

+9 V

+

Fig. 9.1

(a) State

(i) the name of this type of amplifier circuit,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the gain G in terms of resistances R1 and R2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


19


ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The value of R1 is 820 Ω. The resistor of resistance R2 is replaced with a light-dependent resistor (LDR).

The input potential difference VIN is 15 mV. Calculate the output potential difference VOUT for the LDR having a resistance of

(i) 100 Ω (the LDR is in sunlight),

VOUT = ............................................. V [2]

(ii) 1.0 MΩ (the LDR is in darkness).

VOUT = ........................................... V [1]


www.sheir.org


20

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

10 (a) (i) State what is meant by the acoustic impedance of a medium.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Data for some media are given in Fig. 10.1.

medium speed of ultrasound/ m s–1

acoustic impedance/ kg m–2 s–1

airgelsoft tissuebone

330150016004100

4.3 × 102

1.5 × 106

1.6 × 106

7.0 × 106

Fig. 10.1

Use data from Fig. 10.1 to calculate a value for the density of bone.

density = .................................... kg m–3 [1]

(b) A parallel beam of ultrasound has intensity I. It is incident at right-angles to a boundary between two media, as shown in Fig. 10.2.

transmittedintensity IT

reflectedintensity IR

incidentintensity I

acoustic impedance Z2acoustic impedance Z1

boundary

Fig. 10.2

The media have acoustic impedances of Z1 and Z2. The transmitted intensity of the ultrasound beam is IT and the reflected intensity is IR.

(i) State the relation between I, IT and IR.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


21


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) The reflection coefficient a is given by the expression

a = (Z2 – Z1)2

(Z2 + Z1)2.

Use data from Fig. 10.1 to determine the reflection coefficient a for a boundary between

1. gel and soft tissue,

a = .................................................. [2]

2. air and soft tissue.

a = .................................................. [1]

(c) By reference to your answers in (b)(ii), explain the use of a gel on the surface of skin during ultrasound diagnosis.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


22

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

11 (a) Wire pairs provide one means of communication but they are subject to high levels of noise and attenuation.

Explain what is meant by

(i) noise,

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) attenuation.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A microphone is connected to a receiver using a wire pair, as shown in Fig. 11.1.

receiver

wire pair

microphone

Fig. 11.1

The wire pair has an attenuation per unit length of 12 dB km–1. The noise power in the wire pair is 3.4 × 10–9 W.

The microphone produces a signal power of 2.9 lW.

(i) Calculate the maximum length of the wire pair so that the minimum signal-to-noise ratio is 24 dB.

length = ............................................ m [4]

(ii) Communication over distances greater than that calculated in (i) is required. Suggest how the circuit of Fig. 11.1 may be modified so that the minimum

signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver is not reduced.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]


www.sheir.org


23


ForExaminer’s

Use

12 (a) Outline the principles of the use of a geostationary satellite for communication on Earth.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]



www.sheir.org


24

9702/42/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use



(b) Polar-orbiting satellites are also used for communication on Earth. State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of polar-orbiting satellites as

compared with geostationary satellites.

advantage: ......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage: ..................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... [4]


www.sheir.org


This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (AC/SW) 23675/6© UCLES 2010 [Turn over






*8365187983*

PHYSICS 9702/43


1 hour 45 minutes




1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Total


www.sheir.org


2

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

Data















www.sheir.org


3


Formulae


v2 = u2 + 2as





NmV

<c2>



v = ± ω √⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ (x02 – x 2)










t 12


www.sheir.org


4

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

Section A


1 A planet of mass m is in a circular orbit of radius r about the Sun of mass M, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

Sunmass M

planet

r

mass m

Fig. 1.1

The magnitude of the angular velocity and the period of revolution of the planet about the Sun are x and T respectively.

(a) State

(i) what is meant by angular velocity,

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) the relation between x and T.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Show that, for a planet in a circular orbit of radius r, the period T of the orbit is given by the expression

T 2 = cr 3

where c is a constant. Explain your working.

[4]


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) Data for the planets Venus and Neptune are given in Fig. 1.2.

planet r / 108 km T / years

VenusNeptune

1.0845.0

0.615

Fig. 1.2

Assume that the orbits of both planets are circular.

(i) Use the expression in (b) to calculate the value of T for Neptune.

T = ....................................... years [2]

(ii) Determine the linear speed of Venus in its orbit.

speed = ..................................... km s–1 [2]


www.sheir.org


6

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

2 (a) State the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Use equations for the pressure of an ideal gas to deduce that the average translational kinetic energy <EK> of a molecule of an ideal gas is given by the expression

<EK> = T

where R is the molar gas constant, NA is the Avogadro constant and T is the thermodynamic temperature of the gas.

[3]

(c) A deuterium nucleus 21H and a proton collide. A nuclear reaction occurs, represented by the equation

21H + 11p 32He + c.

(i) State and explain whether the reaction represents nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

32

R NA


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) For the reaction to occur, the minimum total kinetic energy of the deuterium nucleus and the proton is 2.4 × 10–14 J.

Assuming that a sample of a mixture of deuterium nuclei and protons behaves as an ideal gas, calculate the temperature of the sample for this reaction to occur.

temperature = ............................................. K [3]

(iii) Suggest why the assumption made in (ii) may not be valid.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


8

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

3 A cylinder and piston, used in a car engine, are illustrated in Fig. 3.1.

C

A

D

cylinder

piston

B

Fig. 3.1

The vertical motion of the piston in the cylinder is assumed to be simple harmonic. The top surface of the piston is at AB when it is at its lowest position; it is at CD when at its

highest position, as marked in Fig. 3.1.

(a) The displacement d of the piston may be represented by the equation

d = – 4.0 cos(220t )

where d is measured in centimetres.

(i) State the distance between the lowest position AB and the highest position CD of the top surface of the piston.

distance = .......................................... cm [1]


www.sheir.org


9


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) Determine the number of oscillations made per second by the piston.

number = ................................................ [2]

(iii) On Fig. 3.1, draw a line to represent the top surface of the piston in the position where the speed of the piston is maximum. [1]

(iv) Calculate the maximum speed of the piston.

speed = ..................................... cm s–1 [2]


www.sheir.org


10

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

(b) The engine of a car has several cylinders. Three of these cylinders are shown in Fig. 3.2.

C

A

D

B

X Y Z

Fig. 3.2

X is the same cylinder and piston as in Fig. 3.1. Y and Z are two further cylinders, with the lowest and the highest positions of the top

surface of each piston indicated. The pistons in the cylinders each have the same frequency of oscillation, but they are

not in phase. At a particular instant in time, the position of the top of the piston in cylinder X is as

shown.

(i) In cylinder Y, the oscillations of the piston lead those of the piston in cylinder X by a phase angle of 120° (2

3p rad).

Complete the diagram of cylinder Y, for this instant, by drawing

1. a line to show the top surface of the piston, [1]

2. an arrow to show the direction of movement of the piston. [1]


www.sheir.org


11


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) In cylinder Z, the oscillations of the piston lead those of the piston in cylinder X by a phase angle of 240° (4

3p rad).

Complete the diagram of cylinder Z, for this instant, by drawing

1. a line to show the top surface of the piston, [1]

2. an arrow to show the direction of movement of the piston. [1]

(iii) For the piston in cylinder Y, calculate its speed for this instant.

speed = ..................................... cm s–1 [2]


www.sheir.org


12

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

4 (a) (i) State what is meant by electric potential at a point.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Define capacitance.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The variation of the potential V of an isolated metal sphere with charge Q on its surface is shown in Fig. 4.1.

00 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

50

100

150

V / kV

Q / µC

200

Fig. 4.1


www.sheir.org


13


ForExaminer’s

Use

An isolated metal sphere has capacitance.

Use Fig. 4.1 to determine

(i) the capacitance of the sphere,

capacitance = ............................................. F [2]

(ii) the electric potential energy stored on the sphere when charged to a potential of 150 kV.

energy = ............................................. J [2]

(c) A spark reduces the potential of the sphere from 150 kV to 75 kV. Calculate the energy lost from the sphere.

energy = ............................................. J [2]


www.sheir.org


14

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

5 The poles of a horseshoe magnet measure 5.0 cm × 2.4 cm, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

A

pole pieceof magnet

direction ofmovement

of wire

copper wire

5.0 cm

2.4 cm

Fig. 5.1 The uniform magnetic flux density between the poles of the magnet is 89 mT. Outside the

region of the poles, the magnetic flux density is zero. A stiff copper wire is connected to a sensitive ammeter of resistance 0.12 Ω. A student moves

the wire at a constant speed of 1.8 m s–1 between the poles in a direction parallel to the faces of the poles.

(a) Calculate the magnetic flux between the poles of the magnet.

magnetic flux = .......................................... Wb [2]

(b) (i) Use your answer in (a) to determine, for the wire moving between the poles of the magnet, the e.m.f. induced in the wire.

e.m.f. = ............................................. V [3]


www.sheir.org


15


ForExaminer’s

Use

(ii) Show that the reading on the ammeter is approximately 70 mA.

[1]

(c) By reference to Lenz’s law, a force acts on the wire to oppose the motion of the wire. The student who moved the wire between the poles of the magnet claims not to have

felt this force. Explain quantitatively a reason for this claim.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


16

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

6 The variation with time t of the current I in a resistor is shown in Fig. 6.1.

0

I

t

Fig. 6.1

The variation of the current with time is sinusoidal.

(a) Explain why, although the current is not in one direction only, power is converted in the resistor.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Using the relation between root-mean-square (r.m.s.) current and peak current, deduce the value of the ratio

average power converted in the resistore .

maximum power converted in the resistor

ratio = ................................................ [3]


www.sheir.org


17


ForExaminer’s

Use

7 Electrons are moving through a vacuum in a narrow beam. The electrons have speed v. The electrons enter a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B. Initially, the electrons

are travelling at a right-angle to the magnetic field. The path of a single electron is shown in Fig. 7.1.

electron

speed v

region of magnetic fieldflux density B

Fig. 7.1

The electrons follow a curved path in the magnetic field.

A uniform electric field of field strength E is now applied in the same region as the magnetic field.

The electrons pass undeviated through the region of the two fields. Gravitational effects may be neglected.

(a) Derive a relation between v, E and B for the electrons not to be deflected. Explain your working.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) An α-particle has speed v and approaches the region of the two fields along the same path as the electron. Describe and explain the path of the α-particle as it passes through the region of the two fields.

.......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


18

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

8 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect, state what is meant by the threshold frequency.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The surface of a zinc plate has a work function of 5.8 × 10–19 J. In a particular laboratory experiment, ultraviolet light of wavelength 120 nm is incident

on the zinc plate. A photoelectric current I is detected. In order to view the apparatus more clearly, a second lamp emitting light of wavelength

450 nm is switched on. No change is made to the ultraviolet lamp. Using appropriate calculations, state and explain the effect on the photoelectric current

of switching on this second lamp.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]


www.sheir.org


19


ForExaminer’s

Use

Section B


9 (a) (i) State, with reference to X-ray images, what is meant by sharpness.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe briefly two factors that affect the sharpness of an X-ray image.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) An X-ray image is taken of the skull of a patient. Another patient has a CT scan of his head.

By reference to the formation of the image in each case, suggest why the exposure to radiation differs between the two imaging techniques.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]


www.sheir.org


20

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

10 (a) State three properties of an ideal operational amplifier (op-amp).

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A circuit incorporating an ideal op-amp is to be used to indicate whether a door is open or closed.

Resistors, each of resistance R, are connected to the inputs of the op-amp, as shown in Fig. 10.1.

R

R

RRS

–

–9 V

+9 V

+3 V

+

R

Fig. 10.1

The switch S is attached to the door so that, when the door is open, the switch is open. The switch closes when the door is closed.


www.sheir.org


21


ForExaminer’s

Use

(i) Explain why the polarity of the output of the op-amp changes when the switch closes.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) A red light-emitting diode (LED) is to be used to indicate when the door is open. A green LED is to indicate when the door is closed.

On Fig. 10.1,

1. draw symbols for the LEDs to show how they are connected to the output of the op-amp, [1]

2. identify the green LED with the letter G. [1]



www.sheir.org


22

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

11 The linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient µ for X-ray radiation in bone, fat and muscle is given in Fig. 11.1.

µ / cm–1

bonefatmuscle

2.90.900.95

Fig. 11.1

(a) A parallel X-ray beam of intensity I0 is incident either on some bone or on some muscle.

The emergent beam has intensity I.

Calculate the ratio II0

for a thickness of (i) 1.5 cm of bone,

ratio = ................................................ [2]

(ii) 4.6 cm of muscle.

ratio = ................................................ [1]

(b) Suggest why, on an X-ray plate, the contrast between bone and muscle is much greater than that between fat and muscle.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]


www.sheir.org


23

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

ForExaminer’s

Use

12 (a) Data may be transmitted as an analogue signal or as a digital signal.

(i) Explain what is meant by

1. an analogue signal,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. a digital signal.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3] (ii) State two advantages of the transmission of data in digital form.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The block diagram of Fig. 12.1 represents a system for the digital transmission of analogue data.

analoguesignal

ADCmulti-channel cable

DAC output

Fig. 12.1

(i) Describe the function of the ADC (analogue-to-digital converter).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Suggest why the transmission cable has a number of channels.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]


www.sheir.org


24

9702/43/O/N/10© UCLES 2010

BLANK PAGE




www.sheir.org



DC (AC/SW) 21448/5© UCLES 2010 [Turn over


*0893553513*

PHYSICS 9702/51

Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation October/November 2010

1 hour 15 minutes








1

2

Total


www.sheir.org


2

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a coil (coil X).

coil X

tube

Fig. 1.1

A student winds another coil (coil Y) tightly around coil X.

A changing e.m.f. in coil X induces an e.m.f. in coil Y.

The student wishes to investigate how the e.m.f. V in coil Y depends on the frequency f of the current in coil X.

It is suggested that V is directly proportional to f.

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate the suggested relationship. You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to

(a) the procedure to be followed,

(b) the measurements to be taken,

(c) the control of variables,

(d) the analysis of the data,

(e) the safety precautions to be taken. [15]


www.sheir.org


3

© UCLES 2010 [Turn over9702/51/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

Diagram

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

For Examiner’s

Use

Defining the problem

Methods ofdata collection

Method of analysis

Safety considerations

Additional detail


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

2 A student is investigating how the period T of a simple pendulum depends on its length l , as shown in Fig. 2.1.

l

Fig. 2.1

The time t for 10 oscillations is recorded for a pendulum of length l. The period T of the pendulum is determined. The procedure is then repeated for different lengths.



www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

It is suggested that T and l are related by the equation

T = al b


(a) A graph is plotted of lg T on the y-axis and lg l on the x-axis. Determine expressions for the gradient and y-intercept in terms of a and b.

gradient = ...........................................................

y-intercept = ........................................................... [1]

(b) Values of l and t are given in Fig. 2.2.

l / cm t / s T / s lg (l / cm) lg (T / s)

95.0 19.6 ± 0.2

85.0 18.4 ± 0.2

75.0 17.4 ± 0.2

65.0 16.2 ± 0.2

55.0 14.8 ± 0.2

45.0 13.4 ± 0.2

Fig. 2.2

Calculate and record values of T / s, lg (l / cm) and lg (T / s) in Fig. 2.2. Include the absolute uncertainties in lg (T / s). [3]

(c) (i) Plot a graph of lg (T / s) against lg (l / cm). Include error bars for lg (T / s). [2]

(ii) Draw the straight line of best fit and a worst acceptable straight line on your graph. Both lines should be clearly labelled. [2]

(iii) Determine the gradient of the line of best fit. Include the uncertainty in your answer.

gradient = ...................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

0.101.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.30

lg (T / s)

lg (l / cm)

0.32


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/51/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use



(iv) Determine the y-intercept of the line of best fit. Include the uncertainty in your answer.

y-intercept = ............................................ [2]

(d) Using your answers to (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine values for a and b. Include the uncertainties in your answers. You need not be concerned with the units of a and b.

a = ................................................................

b = ................................................................ [3]


www.sheir.org



DC (SJF/SW) 35435© UCLES 2010 [Turn over


*3083209953*

PHYSICS 9702/52


1 hour 15 minutes








1

2

Total


www.sheir.org


2

© UCLES 2010 9702/52/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a coil (coil X).

coil X

tube

Fig. 1.1

A student winds another coil (coil Y) tightly around coil X.

A changing e.m.f. in coil X induces an e.m.f. in coil Y.

The student wishes to investigate how the e.m.f. V in coil Y depends on the frequency f of the current in coil X.

It is suggested that V is directly proportional to f.

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate the suggested relationship. You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to





(e) the safety precautions to be taken. [15]


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use

Diagram

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/52/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

For Examiner’s

Use



Method of analysis


Additional detail


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

2 A student is investigating how the period T of a simple pendulum depends on its length l , as shown in Fig. 2.1.

l

Fig. 2.1

The time t for 10 oscillations is recorded for a pendulum of length l. The period T of the pendulum is determined. The procedure is then repeated for different lengths.



www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/52/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

It is suggested that T and l are related by the equation

T = al b


(a) A graph is plotted of lg T on the y-axis and lg l on the x-axis. Determine expressions for the gradient and y-intercept in terms of a and b.

gradient = ...........................................................

y-intercept = ........................................................... [1]

(b) Values of l and t are given in Fig. 2.2.

l / cm t / s T / s lg (l / cm) lg (T / s)

95.0 19.6 ± 0.2

85.0 18.4 ± 0.2

75.0 17.4 ± 0.2

65.0 16.2 ± 0.2

55.0 14.8 ± 0.2

45.0 13.4 ± 0.2

Fig. 2.2

Calculate and record values of T / s, lg (l / cm) and lg (T / s) in Fig. 2.2. Include the absolute uncertainties in lg (T / s). [3]

(c) (i) Plot a graph of lg (T / s) against lg (l / cm). Include error bars for lg (T / s). [2]



gradient = ...................................................... [2]


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

0.101.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.30

lg (T / s)

lg (l / cm)

0.32


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/52/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use



(iv) Determine the y-intercept of the line of best fit. Include the uncertainty in your answer.

y-intercept = ............................................ [2]

(d) Using your answers to (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine values for a and b. Include the uncertainties in your answers. You need not be concerned with the units of a and b.

a = ................................................................

b = ................................................................ [3]


www.sheir.org



DC (KN/SW) 21449/3© UCLES 2010 [Turn over






*0672696684*

PHYSICS 9702/53


1 hour 15 minutes




1

2

Total


www.sheir.org


2

© UCLES 2010 9702/53/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

1 A student wishes to determine the resistivity of aluminium.

The resistivity ρ of a conductor is defined as

ρ = RAl

for a conductor of resistance R, cross-sectional area A and length l.

Fig. 1.1 shows the typical dimensions of a strip of aluminium of lengths c, d and t. The resistivity of aluminium is about 10–8 Ωm.

t = 1 mm

c 1 m

d 1 cm


Design a laboratory experiment to determine the resistivity of aluminium using this strip. The usual apparatus of a school laboratory is available, including a metal cutter.

You should draw a diagram, on page 3, showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to





(e) the safety precautions to be taken.[15]


www.sheir.org


3


ForExaminer’s

Use

Diagram

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................


www.sheir.org


4

© UCLES 2010 9702/53/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

For Examiner’s

Use



Method of analysis


Additional detail


www.sheir.org


5


ForExaminer’s

Use

2 A student is investigating how the discharge of a capacitor through a resistor depends on the resistance of the resistor.

The equipment is set up as shown in Fig. 2.1.

V

R

C

Fig. 2.1

The student charges the capacitor of capacitance C and then discharges it through a resistor of resistance R. After 15.0 s the student records the potential difference V across the capacitor. The student repeats this procedure for different values of R.



www.sheir.org


6

© UCLES 2010 9702/53/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

It is suggested that V and R are related by the equation

V = V0e–

tCR

where V0 is the initial potential difference across the capacitor and t is the time over which the capacitor has discharged.

(a) A graph is plotted of ln V on the y-axis against 1R

on the x-axis. Express the gradient in terms of C.

gradient = ................................................ [1]

(b) Values of R and V for t = 15.0 s are given in Fig. 2.2.

R / kΩ V / V 1R / 10–6 Ω–1 ln (V / V)

6.67 3.6 ± 0.2

10.0 5.0 ± 0.2

15.0 6.4 ± 0.2

20.0 7.2 ± 0.2

30.0 8.0 ± 0.2

Fig. 2.2

Calculate and record values of 1R / 10–6 Ω–1 and ln (V / V) in Fig. 2.2. Include the absolute

uncertainties in ln (V / V). [3]

(c) (i) Plot a graph of ln (V / V) agai nst 1R / 10–6 Ω–1. Include error bars for ln (V / V). [2]



gradient = ................................................ [2]


www.sheir.org


7


ForExaminer’s

Use

1.120 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

ln (V / V)

/ 10–6 Ω–1

2.2

1––R


www.sheir.org


8

© UCLES 2010 9702/53/O/N/10

ForExaminer’s

Use

(d) (i) Using your answer to (c)(iii), determine the value of C. Include an appropriate unit.

C = ................................................ [2]

(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainty in your value of C.

percentage uncertainty = ................................................ [1]

(e) Determine the value of R for which the capacitor will discharge to 10% of its original potential difference in 15.0 s. Include the absolute uncertainty in your answer.

R = ............................................. Ω [2]




www.sheir.org


Documents

A-Level Past Papers – Physics A-Level Examinations … · A-Level Past Papers – Physics A-Level Examinations October/November 2010 Physics Paper Pages Multiple Choice P1 – 9702/11