A Journey Into The Badminton World - Zuyuan …zuyuanwang.net/Badminton_Book/[00]_Badminton_Book_Slides.pdfSome Basics of Badminton A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (08/63)

First release: August 12, 2016Second release: April 30, 2017

Copyright © 2016 by Zuyuan Wang

A Journey Into The Badminton World

Zuyuan Wang

OutlineSome Basics of Badminton -----------------

History, court, simplified rules, Badminton World Federation, important events, and world

ranking system

About the 10% Equipment ------------------Shuttle, racket, string, overgrip, badminton shoes, and accessories

About the 30% Techniques -----------------Power generation, racket gripping, service, basic forehand and backhand strokes,

seven types of shots, deceptive and trick shots, and concept of time difference

About the 60% Footwork --------------------Footwork in six directions and physical training

Some Miscellaneous Information ---------Picking up a shuttle with a racket, etiquette, prevention of injuries, top men’s singles

badminton players, passive and active playing styles, offense and defense, strong and soft

shots, shuttle speed, playing badminton alone, and fun

Note: References are omitted for simplicity. Refer to the book for references.

A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (02/63)

Some Basics of Badminton

History of badminton

Badminton court

Simplified rules of badminton

Badminton World Federation

Important badminton events

Badminton world ranking system

Some Basics of Badminton A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (03/63)

History of badmintonOrigins of the game

Badminton originates from ancient European and Asian; Ancient Chinese played “ti jian zi”

more than 2,000 years ago.

Contemporary badmintonBadminton was played by British officers in India in1800s and introduced to England

in mid 1800s.

International Badminton Federation (IBF) established in 1934Initially nine countries: England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Holland, Canada,

New Zealand, and France. IBF later became the Badminton World Federation (BWF).

Commonwealth game sports --- 1966Badminton was introduced as a Commonwealth Games program sport in Kingston

Jamaica in 1966.

Olympic games sport --- 1992After being a demonstration sport in Munich in 1972, badminton became an Olympic

sport in Barcelona in 1992.

Strong countries in recent yearsChina, Denmark, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Japan.


Badminton court --- DimensionsWidth of court:

Single: 5.18 m

Double: 6.10 m

Length of diagonal:

Single: 8.469 m

Double: 9.061 m

(half court)

Service court:

Single: blue

Double: green

(notice symmetry)

Net height:

Side: 1.550 m

Middle: 1.524 m

Width of lines:

4 cm


Badminton court --- Material 1. Wooden board court: Good

(a) Surface, (b) Detailed structure

Features:

Good shock absorption

Good anti-slip characteristic

Widely used

2. PVC/PU court: Best

(c) Surface, (d) Detailed structure

Features:

Excellent shock absorption

Excellent anti-slip characteristic

Widely used in professional

tournaments

3. Other courts: Bad

Concrete floor, tennis court, etc.

Features:

Poor shock absorption

Short life of shoes

Prone to scratches

Used by some casual players


Simplified rules of badmintonScoring System

(1) A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points. (2) Every time there is a serve, there is a point scored. (3) The

side winning a rally adds a point to its score. (4) At 20 all, the side, which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. (5) At

29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game. (6) The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

(1) When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60-second interval. (2) A 2-minute interval between two

games is allowed. (3) In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

Singles

(1) At the beginning of the game (0-0) or when the servers score is even, the server serves from the right service court.

When the servers score is odd, the server serves from the left service court. (2) If the server wins a rally, the server

scores a point and then serves again from the alternate service court. (3) If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a

point and becomes the new server. They serve from the appropriate service court --- left if their score is odd, and right if it

is even.

Doubles

(1) A side has only one “service”. (2) The service passes consecutively to the players. (3) At the beginning of the game

(0-0) or when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the

left service court. (4) If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again

from the alternate service court. (5) If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side

becomes the new serving side. (6) The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when

their side is serving.


Badminton World Federation (BWF)

Founded in 1934 as the

International Badminton

Federation (IBF)

Head office:

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Current president:

Poul-Erik Hoyer Larsen

(a) The logo of BWF

(b) The five regional badminton

confederations and their

numbers of members

(c) Map of the World indicating

the five regional badminton

confederations


Important badminton eventsFour levels of the BWF badminton tournaments (updated on April 20, 2016).


Important badminton events (cont’d)

BWF Grand Prix Gold and

Grand Prix tournaments

from 2007 to 2017

BWF Superseries

tournaments from

2007 to 2017


Badminton world ranking systemThe ranking is based on at most 10 highest points scored in tournaments in the past 52 weeks.

Points system


About the 10% Equipment

Badminton shuttle

Badminton racket

Badminton string

Badminton overgrip

Badminton shoes

Badminton accessories

About the 10% Equipment A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (12/63)

Badminton shuttle

Regardless of the initial orientation, a shuttlecock will turn to

fly cork first, and remain in the cork-first orientation.

Nylon shuttles have flatter

trajectories than feather shuttles.


Badminton shuttle (cont’d)

Common brands:

(1) Yonex

(2) Victor

(3) RSL

(4) Aeroplane

(5) Kason

(6) Li-Ning

(7) Kawasaki

(8) Wilson

(9) Chaopai

…


Badminton racket

Structure and

terminology

Three types of

racket heads

Sweet spot size:

(a) < (b) ≤ (c)


Badminton racket (cont’d)

Evaluation criteria:

(1) Balance point

(Head light vs. Head heavy)

(2) Stiffness of shaft

(Control vs. Power)

Yonex badminton racket series

chart (2013), including the

ARCSABER, CARBONEX,

NANOSPEED, VOLTRIC, and

NANORAY series.


Badminton stringThree types of string

surfaces:Smooth surface

good “bounce”

Rough surface

good “grab” of shuttle

Evaluation criteria: Yonex strings:


Badminton overgripCommon PU & towel overgrips: Racket handle sizes:


Badminton overgrip (cont’d)Three ways of wrapping overgrips:

Two directions of wrapping overgrips:


Badminton shoes

Three keys features:(1) Anti-slip capability

(2) Shock absorbing capability

(3) Weight

Common brands:(1) Yonex

(2) Li-Ning

(3) Victor

(4) Mizuno

(5) Nike

(6) Adidas

…


Badminton accessories

(a) Badminton bag, (b) Racket cover, (c) Racket cover

(soft), (d) Sports towel, (e) Head band, (f) Wrist band,

(g) Grip powder, (h) Stencil card, (i) Stencil ink, (j) Balance

weight on racket head, (k) Balance weight in package,

(l) Protective and balance tape, (m) Knee strap,

(n) Knee support brace, and (o) Kinesio tape.


About the 30% Techniques

Power generation

Badminton racket gripping

Badminton service

Basic badminton strokes

Seven types of badminton shots

Deceptive and trick badminton shots

Concept of time difference

About the 30% Techniques A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (22/63)

Power generation

Possible motions of wrist:

(a) inner twisting

(b) outer twisting

(c) flexion

(d) extension

(e) lateral bending-down

(f) lateral bending-up

Analogy of wrist twisting to:

(a) Worm and worm-gear system

(b) Bruce Lee’s one inch punch

Wrist twisting is an effective way

of generating power with minimal

time and space.


Badminton racket gripping

Basic grips:

(a) Hand-shaking position

(b) Forehand grip

(c) Backhand grip

Possible hand positions:

Swing speed: (a) > (b) > (c)

Range of coverage: (a) < (b) < (c)

Wrist power requirement: (a) < (b) < (c)


Badminton service

Possible positions for receivers during service:

Illustration of waistline:Good ways of holding shuttle in service:

(backhand service vs. forehand service)


Badminton service (cont’d)Standing locations for servers and receivers during service:

Lx,S ≈ 1.5 steps; Lx,R ≈ 1.5 steps; Ly,R2 < Ly,R1


Badminton service (cont’d)Shuttle trajectory of four types of service shots:

(1) Low serve: widely used in singles and doubles.

(2) Drive serve: occasionally used

(3) Flick serve: occasionally used

(4) High serve: widely used in women’s singles

Five possible locations to serve:

(1) front-inner corner, (2) front-outer corner,

(3) back-outer corner, (4) back-inner corner,

(5) receiver’s body


Basic badminton strokesForehand stroke:

Backhand stroke:


Seven types of badminton shots

In each point of badminton games, usually some (or all) of the seven types of shots

are played in an appropriate order.

Shuttle trajectories Frequency of shots


Seven types of badminton shots --- Four-corner shotsFour-corner shots are basic shots in badminton.

Ai Bj (i, j = 1, 2, 3 ,4) a total of 16 combinations


Seven types of badminton shots --- Downward shotsThe higher the hitting point, the larger the effective area for downward shots.

The hitting point could be higher by gripping the racket at a proper position,

stretching up, or jumping up.


Seven types of badminton shots --- Racket positions

Three racket positions:

(a) For smash shots

& fast drop shots

(b) For slow drop shots

& flat clear shots

(c) For high clear shots


Seven types of badminton shots --- Drop shotsSlow drop shot:

Fast drop shot:


Seven types of badminton shots --- Smash shotsPossible aiming points for smash shots.

(1) Straight short smash: e.g., X1Y1, X4Y1, etc.

(2) Straight long smash: e.g., X2Y3, X3Y3, etc.

(3) Cross short smash: e.g., X1Y2, X4Y2, etc.

(4) Cross long smash: X2Y4, X3Y4, etc.

(5) Body smash: e.g., X1Y5, X3Y5, etc.


Seven types of badminton shots --- Smash shots (cont’d)Standing locations for defending smash shots.

The key is to maximize the angle of coverage (or solid angle).


Seven types of badminton shots --- Net shots

Straight net shots:

(a) Standard net shots

(b) Possible directions to add forces

(c) Spin net shot

The key is to control the shuttle’s

height over and distance from the net.

Cross net shots:

(a) Forehand cross net shot; (b) Backhand cross net shot.

The key is to control the shuttle’s height over the net and crossing point.


Deceptive and trick badminton shots

Deceptive shots:

A shot is considered deceptive if

the shuttle trajectory is

mispredicted by the opponent.

Deceptive shots show the

player’s smartness.

Trick shots:

A shot is considered a trick shot if

the shuttle is not hit in a normal

way. Trick shots require some

extraordinary abilities.

Deceptive and trick shots are

good ones if they, in addition to

looking fancy, lead to winning

points.


Concept of time difference

Ensure: Δt4 + Δt5 < Δt6 Try to achieve: Δt1 + Δt2 > Δt3


About the 60% Footwork

Overview of badminton footwork and base position

Badminton footwork in six directions

A few tips on badminton footwork training

Finger, wrist, and forearm strength

Leg strength

Arm & shoulder strength and muscles training

Durability & flexibility

A few tips on physical training

About the 60% Footwork A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (39/63)

Overview of badminton footwork and base position

Footwork in six directions: Base position:


Badminton footwork in six directions (forward-left direction)Returning path:Going path:

The red (dotted) arrow indicates dragging the left foot on the court.


Badminton footwork in six directions (forward-right direction)Returning path:Going path:



Badminton footwork in six directions (side-left direction)Returning path:Going path:


Badminton footwork in six directions (side-right direction)Returning path:Going path:



Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-left direction) (1)Returning path:Going path:

The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.


Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-left direction) (2)Returning path:Going path:



Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-right direction)Returning path:Going path:

The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.


A few tips on badminton footwork training

(1) Practice the footwork in the forward-left and forward-right directions first, then

the side-left and side-right directions, and finally the backward-left and

backward-right directions.

(2) Practice the footwork in individual directions first and then combine the footwork

in different directions.

(3) Perform Step “1” in all footwork.

(4) Avoid redundant, small steps.

(5) Go straight. Speed: (a) > (b) > (c).

(6) Avoid knee injuries.


Finger, wrist, and forearm strength --- Exercises


Leg strength --- Climbing stairs


Arm & shoulder strength and muscles training

Sit-ups:Push-ups:


Durability & flexibility

Good body flexibility reduces the usage of

footwork and makes badminton rallies more

fun and beautiful. In addition to the stretching

exercises, doing yoga and martial arts are

effective ways to increase body flexibility.

Running: Stretching exercises:

Running ~45 min

Playing badminton for ~70 min


A few tips on physical training

(1) Work on both sides of the body to achieve a balanced body shape.

(2) Start with relatively low training intensity and increase the intensity gradually.

(3) Practice makes perfect.


Some Miscellaneous Information

Picking up a shuttle with a racket

Badminton etiquette

Prevention of injuries

Top men’s singles badminton players

Passive and active styles of playing badminton

Offensive & defensive and strong & soft shots

Shuttle speed

About fun

Some Miscellaneous Information A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (54/63)

Picking up a shuttle with a racket

A very basic skill that every badminton player is expected to have.

With the cork pointing (a) toward or (b) away from the player.


Badminton etiquette

(1) Safety first (or avoid injuries to players and breakage of equipment).

(2) Share the cost of the court and shuttles.

(3) Actively pick up the shuttle when it falls on your side and deliver it to the

appropriate player.

(4) Take turn to play when there are other players waiting, particularly when we are

playing on a public court.

(5) Do not hit the shuttle into an opponent's body intentionally and apologize

immediately when it happens.

(6) Be on time.

(7) Try to avoid borrowing racket from others.

(8) Clap or shake hands after playing a game and have a talk.


Prevention of injuries

(1) Build a stronger body through physical training exercises and improve

badminton skills so as to use less footwork and hit the shuttle with less pain

during play.

(2) Warm up sufficiently before playing games.

(3) Limit playing with those who have much better skills but do not adjust their skills

according to the opponent's skills.

(4) Wear protective equipment (e.g., knee brace, elbow brace, wrist brace, etc.).

(5) Do some stretches and take time to cool down after play before taking a shower

or going outside.


Top men’s singles badminton players


Passive and active styles of playing badminton

In the passive style, a player returns a shuttle with no purpose in mind (and often

with struggles or an unbalanced body). The shuttle could land anywhere (obeying

the aerodynamic laws, of course).

The sooner a player passes the passive-style stage and enters the active-style

stage, the sooner he/she would appreciate the beauty of badminton.

In the active style, a player returns a shuttle to a specific region and with a clear

purpose.


Offensive & defensive and strong & soft shots

The possible angle

for (a) soft shots is

much larger than

that for (b) strong

shots.

The most common playing style adopted by the top badminton players nowadays

combines offense and defense shots, with the players playing many defense shots,

transition shots, and slightly offensive shots until a good opportunity comes and a

big offensive shot is played to win the point.


About shuttle speed

In the videos of professional badminton matches nowadays, it is common to see

numbers showing the shuttle speeds when the players play smash shots. Those

numbers are generated by Instant Review Systems (IRS) and calculated by using

some photo processing techniques. They represent the initial speeds of the

shuttles. Because of air drag, the shuttle decelerates dramatically during its flight.

Some records:

Men’s doubles: 332 km/h, Fu Haifeng, 06/03/2005, Sudirman Cup in Beijing.

Men’s Singles: 305 km/h, Taufik Hidayat, 09/2006, World Championships in Madrid, Spain.

Pure test: 493 km/h, Tan Boon Hoeng, 07/28/2013.

References: Wikipedia. Taufik Hidayat. Fu Haifeng. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C56kivaOV4.

More advanced racket materials, better racket designs, and more effective training

strategies all contribute to faster shuttle speeds. With proper training and

experience, the limit of the shuttle speed that one can manage would increase.


About playing badminton alone and fun

One could also consider playing with an imaginary opponent who could be

stronger than any player seen in real life, being able to play shots at any speed to

any location and skilled at shots planning, experience, psychology, and any other

aspects. After playing with the imaginary opponent for some time, one may clearly

see the improvement of his/her skills when he/she goes to play with some real

opponents.

Many badminton techniques, such as footwork, service shots, net shots, and so

on, could be learned by playing alone.

Striving for self-improvement and helping others to improve are probably the most

important sources of fun and happiness in the badminton world.


Thank you for your attention

Zuyuan Wang

A Journey Into The Badminton World

1. Some Basics of Badminton

2. About the 10% Equipment

3. About the 30% Techniques

4. About the 60% Footwork

5. Some Miscellaneous Information

[email protected]

A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (63/63)

Documents

A Journey Into The Badminton World - Zuyuan …zuyuanwang.net/Badminton_Book/[00]_Badminton_Book_Slides.pdfSome Basics of Badminton A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (08/63)