A Holistic and Sustainable Care CenterProject Typology - History & Trends

Tatiana Acosta | Thayse Darzi | Elisabet Lyon | Esperanza Muino

TYPOLOGYHISTORY1

2TRENDS

GUIDELINES3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Typology History

HEALTHCARE HISTORY

According to the medical definition of the Merriam -Webster Dictionary Healthcare is the maintaining and restoration of health by the treatment and prevention of disease especially

by trained and licensed professionals..

Healthcare DefinitionOrigins

The healthcare has its origin from the beginning of human life on earth. Since then it has been constantly evolving according to the evolution of human beings.Holistic Medicine Definition

Holistic medicine is a form of healing thatconsiders the whole person -- body, mind,spirit, and emotions -- in the quest foroptimal health and wellness. According tothe holistic medicine philosophy, one canachieve optimal health -- the primary goalof holistic medicine practice -- by gainingproper balance in life.

1Source: WebMD Health & Balance at webmd.com/balance/guide/what-is-holistic-medicine

HEALTHCARE TIMELINE

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BC

The Egyptian Imhotep describes the diagnosis and treatment of 200 diseases.

Birth of Hippocrates, the Greek father of medicine begins the scientific study of medicine and prescribes a form of aspirin

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46

0 B

C

Leonardo da Vinci dissects corpses

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89

16

70

Avicenna writes The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine

James Blundell performs the first successful transfusion of human blood. 1

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8

17

96

Edward Jenner develops the process of vaccination for small pox, the first vaccine for any disease.

Joseph Lister develops the use of antiseptic surgical methods and publishes Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery

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67

18

95

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovers x-rays. First vaccine to target

a cause of cancer 20

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67

Dr. Christian Barnard performs the first human heart transplant.

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6 8 10

7 9 11

Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers blood cells

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11

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25

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BCFirst herbal remedies

and acupuncturetechniques are used in Chinese medicine. The start of this medicine dates back to very early

days in China.

Homeopathic treatments emerge, founded in Germany by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. The first form of alternative medicine that is still practiced today. Significant to the start of alternative medicine in the modern era.

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90

s New York Hygiea-Therapeutic College is the first natural healing medical school that you can ear a medical doctorate at in 4 years. First college to support alternative medicine.

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American Institute for Homeopathy is formed, which is first medical association in the United States. This is significant because the first medical association for medical purposes to be formed was formed for a branch of alternative medicine. The American Medical Association is not formed until 1847

Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Exams (NPLEX) is founded. This makes sure that alternative medicine practitioners are licensed, just like doctors are, and are held to a code of standards

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85

British Medical Association dismisses alternative medicine, which is highly regarded by the doctors of Great Britain.

Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners releases their findings on alternative medicine, concluding that it is becoming increasingly popular with both patients and doctors. This shows that despite AMA and BMA claims that it is not scientifically-proven medicine, alternative medicine has is growing.

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National Council of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is brought into the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Congress, which is an official part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Center for Disease Control releases info that 50 percent of Americans use some form Complementary and Alternative Medicine, which shows that popularity continues to grow

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04

It is concluded in the longest and largest randomized trial of acupuncture for patients with osteoarthritis in their knees that acupuncture was effective when complementing traditional medicine in relieving pain and improving function. Scientific data that locks of skeptics say is lacking in alternative medicine.

New research reveals how a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine produces compounds which may help to treat cancer and liver diseases.

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE TIMELINE

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Figure 12

Figure 13

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Figure 15 Figure 16

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Figure 20Figure 21

Figure 22

HOLISTIC MEDICINE VS TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Holistic Medicine Traditional Medicine

PhilosophyBased on the integration of allopathic (MD), osteopathic (DO), naturopathic (ND), energy, and ethno-medicine.

Based on allopathic medicine.

Primary Objective of Care To promote optimal health and as a by-product, to prevent and treat disease.

To cure or mitigate disease.

Primary Method of Care Empower patients to heal themselves by addressing the causes of their disease and facilitating lifestyle changes through health promotion.

Focus on the elimination of physical symptoms.

Diagnosis Evaluate the whole person through holistic medical history, holistic health score sheet, physical exam, lab data.

Evaluate the body with history, physical exam, lab data.

Primary Care Treatment Options

Love applied to body, mind, and spirit with: diet, exercise, environmental measures, attitudinal and behavioral modifications, relationship and spiritual counseling, bioenergy enhancement.

Drugs and surgery

Secondary Care Treatment Options Botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture, manual medicine, biomolecular therapies, physical therapy, drugs, and surgery.

Diet, exercise, physical therapy, and stress management.

Weaknesses Shortage of holistic physicians and training programs; time-intensive, requiring a commitment to a healing process, not a quick-fix.

Ineffective in preventing and curing chronic disease; expensive.

Strengths Teaches patients to take responsibility for their own health, and in so doing is: cost-effective in treating both acute and chronic illness; therapeutic in preventing and treating chronic disease; essential in creating optimal health.

Highly therapeutic in treating both acute and life-threatening illness and injuries.

This information was adapted from material that Dr. Ivker created during his term as president of the American Holistic Medical Association (1996 –1999). It originally appeared in the Winter 1999 issue of “Holistic Medicine: The Journal of The American Holistic Medical Association” and was updated for AHHA in June of 2010.

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE HISTORY

There are three ancient medical traditions in holistic health:

Source: http://www.naturalhealers.com/holistic-health-history/

Holistic health practitioners have many different approaches whenit comes to healing, They have an idea that healing is most efficientwhen you focus on the whole person, instead of illnesses, bodyparts or warnings. As Socrates said in the 4th century B.C., “thepart can never be well unless the whole is well.”

Ancient Roots of Holistic HealthBefore there was penicillin or x-rays, healers focused on theimportance of emotional and spiritual health to attain physical wellbeing. Two of the better known holistic methods are traditionalChinese medicine and Ayurveda. TCM dates back 5,000 years agoand has continued into a sophisticated system of preventativemethods that treat a variety of symptoms. From its origins, TCMconsidered the human body as small universe of mutuallydependent systems. The most important elements are “ qi “ whichis life force and “shen” which is a spirit.

Ayurveda – Ayurveda originates from India. It is an ancient medicaltradition which derives from a script written by sushruta known asthe “ father of surgery“ in 6th century B.C. The healing procedurecombines beliefs in the five great elements of the universe whichare the seven essential factors of the body and the three “doshas”or biological spirits that each symbolize.

Herbal medicine – Herbal medicine gives importance to holisticbalance and is the most ancient form of healthcare known tohumanity. People of indigenous background have used herbs toextract its medicinal components. Herbalism is a variable element ofTCM an Ayurveda.Figure 23

Figure 24

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE TODAY

Personalized Holistic Health Plan

http://dupress.com/articles/2012-survey-of-u-s-health-care-consumers-five-year-look-back/

We live in a time of great uncertainty. There are moretoxic chemicals in our food and environment thanbefore.

The reason is most people are not eating a balancedmeal. Also, people are not exercising enough tomaintain an ideal weight. The reason is that life hasbecome all work and people need to learn to handlestress better. The symptoms that occur are anxietyand mild depression.

People are worried about their health and are lookingfor alternative methods to alleviate their stress. Thereare now more options than ever for people to achievebetter wellness.Many professionals are being trained in holistichealth. People are going to see an acupuncturespecialist and nutrionists that will help them solvetheir issues.

Source: Share International, American Holistic Health Association

Trends- Alternative MedicineWellness & Fitness

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE ALTERNATIVES

Acupuncture Homeopathy/Herbal Medicine

Yoga Chiropractic

The use of very fine, high-quality needles inserted intospecific points along acupuncture meridians (channels orpathways that carry energy through the body. The goal of theacupuncture is to restore balance to the body. An example ofan imbalance might be too much heat or too much cold inthe body.

Usually prescribed as a combination of herbs known as anherbal formula, which has a medicinal effect with few sideeffects. The herbs can be in pill form or as “raw” herbs. Rawherbs refer to individual herbs, for example, dried roots,leaves or flowers, which are prescribed to be cookedtogether to make a custom formula.

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According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Yoga is asystem of physical postures, breathing techniques, andmeditation derived from a Hindu theistic philosophy butoften practiced independently especially in Westerncultures to promote bodily or mental control and well-being

A method of treating people who are sickor in pain by pushing and moving bones inthe spine and joints

Source: Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary

Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

Cupping

Moxibustion

Hot/Cold Therapy

NMT Massage/Spa

The inside of a special cup is heated to produce avacuum, then rubbed or place on the skin to helppromote blood circulation. Cupping is an effectivetreatment to remove pathogens if used at thebeginning of a common cold.

A concentrated form of heat infused with healing herbswhich are used to stimulate acupuncture points, directqi and provide energy to the body.

A specialized form of massage therapy that isused to work on soft tissue (muscles, tendonsand connective tissue such as fascia), which inturn helps balance the central nervous system.This therapy can help alleviate pain due to triggerpoints in the muscles which block the tissuesfrom getting the proper blood and nourishment.A Neuromuscular therapist addressesmusculoskeletal imbalances that may be creatingpoor postural alignment, as well as working withinjuries, repetitive stress, and chronic pain andstiffness.

This may be infrared heat lamp therapy, or a form oftreatment that combines hot and cold packs to relieveinflammation, reduce swelling, and increase circulationto reduce pain and promote healing.

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Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/ Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/ Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE ALTERNATIVES CONT.

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE ALTERNATIVES CONT.

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Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine, like Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), addresses the whole person, not just an isolatedset of symptoms, to look for underlying causes ofdisease. The Kalish Method is a functional medicine lab-based health approach focused on addressing fivecommon conditions – weight gain, fatigue, depression,female hormone and digestive problems – throughrestoring the three main body systems: hormones,digestion and detoxification.

Electro Stimulation

A mild electrical current applied by way of acupunctureneedles to provide a steady, precise therapeuticstimulation of selected acupuncture points and local areas.

Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

Source: Holistic Primary Care/http://holisticpc.com/

Trends- SustainabilityEnergy-Water Conservation

Materials & Waste Management

TRENDS - SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTHCARE

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Healthcare and sustainability go hand in hand. Thanks toscientific progress, we try to combat some diseases moreeffectively than before, but we cause more side effects onhealth and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary toapply the precautionary principles or prevention methods andsubstitute hazardous substances with safer for health andenvironmentally friendly alternatives (Guenther, R. 2006).).

Basically, the idea is to reduce and eliminate all forms ofcontamination in medical practices, improving the quality ofcare users and the safety of health workers with the utmostrespect of the social and natural environment where they arelocated.

We are looking for hospitals to become leaders and rolemodels for healthier life styles, where sustainability is a greatally. This can be done by simple basics: Providing organic food,recycling waste and eliminating the poor handling ofmaterials.

Green buildings and world of healthcare have a commonmission: to protect and promote health. We cannot havehealthy people if we do not have clean air, water and soil. Formore than 70 years, our healthcare system has been frozen intime by a massive industrial design that has little to do withhealth. Then we can transform this 20th century industrialhealthcare model into a system that rather than delivers sickcare goes to a one that builds actual health.

Figure 25

2Environmental Sustainability in Hospitals: The Value of Efficiency 18,19,20.

SUSTAINABILITY IMPROVEMENTS

EnergyReducing energy consumption diminishes utility costs and helps the natural environment.Alternative energy sources will help in lowering costs for all consumers. Creating alternative energyresources is important because it creates lower costs and can reduce utility costs.

WaterWater is an important factor in hospitals. It is important for hospitals to consume water since it isone of their most utilized resources. There needs to be better hygiene in faucets to preventinfections Water technologies are important because it enables people to use water more efficiently.

Supply chainManagers have to consider a more holistic strategy when trying to find ways to reduce the carbonfootprint. A hospital needs to become more environmental friend and reduce waste consumption.Also, it needs to have better policies when it comes to bringing in chemicals.

WasteWaste is a major issue when it is not controlled adequately. Waste management programs need tobe adopted by hospitals to reduce disposal costs. A hospital can start a recycling program andimplement a system that promotes less usage of needless and sharp objects.

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Stress is a physiological factor that affects many people andcauses many physical and emotional impacts on everydaylife. It is important to understand the relationship betweenstress and our natural environment. In addition, it isimportant to determine how natural and sustainablesettings can be helpful in finding ways to alleviate stress.Urban natural environments and sustainable builtenvironments influence a person’s well- being. It isimportant to understand that exposure to natural andsustainable environments can help reduce stress in someone(Beil, K., & Hanes, D. 2013). The building environment can have both negative and

positive impacts on the occupants' quality of life. Negativeimpacts include illness, absenteeism, fatigue, discomfort,stress, and distractions resulting from poor indoor airquality, thermal conditioning, lighting, and specific aspectsof interior space design (e.g., materials selections,furnishings, and personnel densities). Reducing theseproblems through sustainable design often improves healthand performance. Improved indoor air quality andincreased personal control of temperatures and ventilationhave strong positive effects. In addition to reducing risksand discomforts, buildings should also contain features andattributes that create positive psychological and socialexperiences.

SUSTAINABILITY & STRESS

Trends- Technology

TRENDS ALTERNATIVES - TECHNOLOGY

Homeopathy/Herbal Medicine

Yoga

Chiropractic

Modernization of acupuncture is a contemporary issue. The bridgingbetween Eastern and Western medicine was successful using modernbiomedical engineering technology, Acupuncture has been used formedical treatment for thousands of years. Using electroacupuncture,needle or laser needle stimulation, and modern biomedical techniques,it was possible for the first time to quantify changes in biologicalactivities caused by acupuncture.

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Yoga, a several thousand year old discipline is going high-tech in many ways.Videos, Apps, yoga software, high-tech gears, yoga clothing, yoga video gamesare some of the most used actually.• Hatha• Vinyasa: Sequence of poses.• Iyengar: The use of props.• Bikram: 26 poses in a high temperature room. Breathing techniques.• Kundalini: Spiritual practice. Focus on meditation and chakras• Power Yoga• Acro Yoga

Chiropractic philosophies were developed by theancient Greeks, and the basic underlying techniquesfor alignment of the human spine to improve overallwellness hasn’t changed much over time.

New Technological Advances in Chiropractic HealthCare:• PulStar G3 Musculoskeletal: Computer precision

multiple impulse therapy.• Spinal decompression system• Acustic Compression• Posture Rehab• Cold Laser Therapy

Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3440027/

AcupunctureHomeopathy first became popular in Europe and the United States primarilybecause of the astounding successes it had in treating people during variousinfectious disease epidemics in the 19th century. The death rates in thehomeopathic hospitals from cholera, scarlet fever, typhoid, yellow fever,pneumonia, and others was typically one-half to even one-eighth that inconventional medical hospitals.Similarly results were also observed in mental institutions and prisons underthe care of homeopathic physicians as compared to those under the care ofconventional doctors.

https://www.homeopathic.com/Articles/Homeopathic_research/Homeopathic_Medicine_is_Nanopharma

cology.html

Figure 26

Figure 27

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Figure 29

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TRENDS ALTERNATIVES – TECHNOLOGY CONT.

Cupping

Moxibustion NMT Massage/Spa

The traditional Moxibustion therapy consists of 3 differenttechniques which are still in practice today. These are:Needle Moxibustion, Direct Moxibustion and IndirectMoxibustion.The Moxibustion has evolved and new technologies havebrought new high-tech techniques into this therapy. Theseare:

- Heat conduction treatment device (Disk Shape)- Heat conduction treatment device (Portable Disk)- Heat conduction treatment device (Pencil Shape)- Radiation heating treatment device (Heating lamp)

http://www.lovieacupuncture.com/moxabustion/http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/43311.pdf

This therapy involves changes in pressure level,concentrating in areas of muscle spam. It doesn’trequire equipment since all neuromuscular massagetherapy are usually applied by knuckles, elbow andfingers.

http://www.gardenviewmassage.com/services_deep_tissue_nmt.html

The most important tool for this therapy are the cuppingsets. This cups vary in materials such as: glass, plastic, siliconeor bamboo. Also, there are other devices such as: electroniccupping sets for automatic suction, pistol hand set andmagnetic suction set.

https://www.cuppingresource.com/product/twist-on-magnetic-suction-cupping-8-cups/

Figure 30

Figure 31

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Electro Stimulation

Functional Medicine

Electro Stimulation

TRENDS ALTERNATIVES – TECHNOLOGY CONT.

Sources: http://fxmedicinecenter.com/functional-medicine/http://fxmedicinecenter.com/insight/

To better understand functional medicine, understanding the origins, prevention, and treatment of complex, and chronic disease is needed.

Functional Medicine Approach:

Patient-centered care. Where the main focus is on the patient, and how health can be promoted as a positive vitality. To be able to achieve this approach, listening and learning about patient’s story is crucial, so the practitioner can bring the patient into the discovery process and tailors treatments that address the individual’s unique needs.

An integrative, science-based healthcare approach. Considers the complex web of interactions in the patient’s history, physiology, and lifestyle that probably lead the patient to illness, or any other health problem. The unique genetic makeup of each patient is considered, along with both internal (mind, body, and spirit) and external (physical and social environment) factors that affect total functioning.

Integrating best medical practices. This medicine take part of the traditional Western medical practices.

The Insight is certified by NASA as CertifiedSpace Technology and it helps us establish areliable, scientifically valid, and quantitativerepresentation of your condition – somethingnever before possible. We can now analyzeyour condition more accurately, communicateyour findings more effectively, and closelymonitor the effectiveness of your treatment.

Source: http://www.advanceaquaticpt.com/electric-stimulation/

Electric stimulation is a therapeutic treatment that treats muscles, spams, and pain. Through using it, atrophy can be avoided and strength can be build.

Electric stimulation can be muscular, general and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).

The muscular type of electric stimulation seeks to strengthen the muscles by reducing muscle spasms.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is usually used on chronic paintreatment.

Galvanic stimulation is another electric stimulation type that works by applying pulsed electric recent affected body tissues in stimulating muscle contractions..

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Typology Design Precedent

Evolution Yoga AtlantaThis 4,000 sq. ft. space includes two yoga rooms for hot yoga and non-hot styles of yoga, changing rooms with multiple showers, well-lit vanities and retail including active wear and accessories.

Chiropractic Office Floor Plan Example

Spa at Cragun’s Resort Minnesota

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DESIGN PRECEDENTS

Guidelines

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According to our research and using the case study (Holistic Primary Care in Miami Beach) and some space planning of a chiropractic office, a Yoga studio and the basics from a spa facility, we can state that:

• Research provides evidence that Fitness & Wellness are important to implement in a Holistic Care facility. Location is important and proper placement of facilities much be designed for the area in mind.

• The service of a holistic care facility with the appropriated design and equipment can contribute to reduce stress levels.

• It is important the relationship between body and mind health. Taking this is mind it is possible the implementation of a spa facility in an alternative clinic, consolidating a comprehensive holistic center.

• Information provided is evidence that Sustainability is important to implement in a holistic care setting.

• Some of the basics areas can be:-Reception Desk and Welcome area-Reservations and Scheduling-Retail herbal pharmacy/Spa Boutique-Men’s and Women’s Locker Rooms-Dry Treatment Rooms (acupuncture, Chiropractic, homeopathy) -Wet Treatment Rooms-Massage Room-Yoga Room-Treatment Showers and Baths-Treatment Waiting Area-Treatment Lab

• Some optional spaces:-Private Relaxation/Meditation Areas-Men’s and Women’s Wet Areas-Common Wet Areas-Movement Studio-Fitness Equipment Studio-Swimming Pools and Aquatics-Administrative Offices-Staff Lounge-Storage Areas-Laundry Room-Spa Café and Juice Bar-Beauty Salon

• We believe that the advances in technology could help better serve the patient in control of:

-Room temperature,-Self appointment set off -Product purchases,-Service reservation-Music played in treatment room,-Quick efficient survey and or comments for the center

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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