A Guideline to Translation (1)

7/24/2019 A Guideline to Translation (1)

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A GUIDE TOTRANSLATION

Mohamed Azab, Ph.D.

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667

89: ;< =>? ?>@9? >? A=BCDBEA>;9 ;< A=B =BEFB9? E9:A=B BEDA=? E9: A=B :>GBDB9CB>9 H;ID JE9@IE@B? E9: C;J;D?K

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LBDB>9 >9:BB: EDB M;DAB9A?


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Table of Contents

Subject Page

I- Introduction 8

!" General#" T$e need for translation%" Translation and enlig$ten&ent'" (o) to translate

II" Classification of Translation 14

!" *+ &et$od#" *+ t+,e%" *+ to,ic

III- Translation and Le-icogra,$+ 21

I." C$allenges t$at face t$e translator 31

!" Culture#" Structure

%" .ocabular+." Critical Translation 70

!" Idio&s#" Pro/erbs%" Poetr+

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.I" Te-ts for Stud+ing0 Co&,aring andAnal+1ing

102

.II" Practice Te-ts 151

.III" Anne- 160

!- A Collection of Idio&s#" A Collection of Pro/erbs

I2" Inde- 229

!" Readings on Language and Translation#" Useful 3aterial for Translators%" Ans)er to so&e Assign&ents'" Test Sa&,les

2" *ibliogra,$+ 274

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Introduction

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I" Introduction

!" GeneralTransla!on !s a s"!en"e and an ar. # re$%!res m%"h alen, s&!ll,

!ns'!ra!on, 'a!en"e and o!l. (or all h!s, he ranslaor has beend%bbed he se"ond a%hor o) he boo&.

#" T$e need for translationTransla!on be*an +hen 'eo'le )el a need )or "ona" and

"omm%n!"a!on. Th!s sr!n*en need, a""ord!n* o he ld Tesmen,m!*h hae emer*ed shorl a)er he !n"!den"e o) he o+er o) /abeland he "onse$%en d!ers! o) on*%es. Translaors +ere needed o+or& )or dealma&ers, marr!a*e bro&ers and 'ea"e see&ers. As lon* as+e la"& a l!n*%a )ran"a or an s'erano, ransla!on +!ll neer be %nder-a''re"!aed.

%" Translation and enlig$ten&entTransla!on has 'laed a maor 'ar !n he moemen o)

&no+led*e )rom an"!en ree"e o Pers!a, )rom #nd!a o Arab!a, )rom#slam !no hr!s!an! and )rom %ro'e o h!na and a'an.am'les o) ransla!on a"!!!es ha hel'ed 'resere and

deelo' h%man "!!l!za!on are man, b% les o%"h on a )e+ /!bl!ohe"a Aleandr!na embar&ed on he ransla!on o)

almos all he man%s"r!'s o) he an"!en +orld. #n 282 AD, eron!mo, he /!sho' o) ome d!d /!ble

ransla!on )rom ebre+ o :a!n. e raeled o Pales!ne+here he l!ed and s%d!ed ebre+ )or 20 ears !n order o

'er)orm h!s as&. /r!n*!n* he /!ble o %ro'e +as alandmar& !n !s h!sor. #n he 4h "en%r, ;"l!)) ranslaedhe /!ble !no n*l!sh and so d!d Mar!n :%her !no erman.

#n 830 AD, al!'h Al-Mam%n )o%nded he o%se o);!sdom !n #ra$.


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)or one ear he snea&ed !no he r%lers 'ala"e o ranslae a'ar o) =al!la and D!mna.

The ransla!on o) osea >one o'ened he ees o hese"res o) *'.


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The ar*e lan*%a*e The s%be" maer

T$e 4no) (o)-


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and 'ara*ra'h-o 'ara*ra'h l!n&ers. erea)er are some eam'les o)rans!!ons

Assignment (3)

Translae he )ollo+!n* rans!!ons !no Arab!" and deerm!ne+ha he e'ress "ond!!on-"on"ess!on-s!m!lar!. #) 'oss!ble %sehem !n senen"es o) o%r o+n

- :!&e+!se- # *oes +!ho% sa!n*- Pro!ded ha

Trans!!ons 'ress!n* Translaable asV N u]NV qBGQ VV ?N v

yV V

Addition moreoer!n add!!on o)%rhermore

Uy u^GY ]G Z ]Ky V

A,,osition ha !s o sa!n oher +ordso re'hrase !

pXVZ ]Ky U~Z p

Ky V V ? XBKy @GVZ SLVZ ]

Su&&ation o "on"l%deo +ra' ! %'o s%m %'

VV ZUBV ZUQ ?

V WvV N q_U_ ? ]

Result here)oreas a res%l

"onse$%enlh%s!n !e+ o) ha

V ? @\VZ NV @\B N

? E RV WG\

Contrast on he "onrar!n "onrason he oher handon he oher s!de o)he "o!non he )l!' s!de

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""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

Classification of Translation

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Classification of translation

1- *+ &et$od5)ord b+ )ord or sense b+ sense6

:es )a"e ! he ransla!onal "a'a"! o) lan*%a*es ar!es.There)ore a 're)e" ransla!on does no e!s. :oo& a s"reenransla!on or "losed "a'!on and o% +!ll d!s"oer some m!sa&es. ;ehae o adm! ha !n ransla!on +e "anno a"h!ee eer h!n*. #sho%ld be noed ha +h!le ! ma no be hard o ell +ha a badransla!on !s, ! !s no al+as eas o ell, de)!n!el, +ha a *oodransla!on !s. A bad ransla!on s!m'l !s !na""%rae, nonsens!"al,

%n*ramma!"al, %nna%ral and so on. #n he "ase o) *ood ransla!on, hes& !s he l!m!. o% do o%r bes, b% o% hae o %ndersand ha o%"an no rea"h 'er)e"!on. ;ha a ranslaor see&s !n h!s en%re !sa *ood and r%s+orh ransla!on as o''os!e o he bad, d!shonesand !m're"!se ransla!on I@}UVZ LQUVZ.


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+ord ransla!on !s also "alled me"han!"al or l!eral ransla!on. # *oes+!ho% sa!n* ha h!s &!nd o) ransla!on "an be amb!*%o%s. Tra"!n*+ord )or +ord !s no hones !) o% are !ola!n* or sa"r!)!"!n* hemean!n*. >ense b sense or )ree ransla!on does no mean )eel!n* )ree+!h he e and "han*!n* he messa*e ! "ones. #) o% +an o"han*e, o%hae o sae )rom he er be*!nn!n* ha h!s !s anada'a!on HU LQU_ +h!"h !n"l%des also +ha !s &no+n as U@LVZ.

erea)er !s an eam'le o) +ord b +ord and sense b senseransla!on

LQU H] @jBEZ q_GIV { KGVZ V { HZ]^ ? \ WLVZ V |UvV]

-?@\HUVG

The dar&ness *re+ a'a"e a "old +!nd be*an o blo+ !nfres$ening gusts)rom he eas, and he sho+er!n* +h!e )la&es !nhe a!r !n"reased !n n%mber. (rom he ed*e o) he sea "ame a r!''leand +h!s'er. /eond hese l!)eless so%nds he +orld +as s!len.>!len # +o%ld be hard o "one he s!llness o) !. All he so%ndso) man, he blea!n* o) shee', he "r!es o) b!rds, he h%m o) !nse"s,he s!r ha ma&es he ba"&*ro%nd o) o%r l!es-all ha +as oer.

As he dar&ness h!"&ened, he edd!n* )la&es *re+ moreab%ndan, dan"!n* be)ore m ees and he "old o) he a!r !nense.A las, one b one, s+!)l, one a)er he oher, he +h!e 'ea&s o)he d!san h!lls an!shed !no bla"&ness.

The breeze rose o a moan!n* +!nd. # sa+ he bla"& "enralshado+ o) he e"l!'se s+ee'!n* o+ards me. #n anoher momen he'ale sars alone +ere !s!ble. All else +as raless obs"%r!. The s&+as absol%el bla"&.

A horror o) h!s *rea dar&ness "ame on me. The "old ha smoeo m marro+ and he 'a!n # )el !n breah!n* oer"ame me. #sh!ered and a deadl na%sea se!zed me. Then l!&e a red-ho bo+ !nhe s& a''eared he ed*e o) he s%n. # *o o)) he ma"h!ne ore"oer msel). # )el *!dd and !n"a'able o) he re%rn o%rne.

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9:;< => =?@ BF> HJK< M? BKQK< BK< BF> Y%d he 'hrase {)resh!n* *%ss{ !n boh ransla!ons. Does{)reshen!n*{ here mean or uRHZ

#"*+ t+,eTransla!on brea&s do+n !no e%al and erbal. The )ormer

deals +!h an +r!en e een !) ! !s a "ber e on he ne. The laerall%des o s!m%laneo%s ransla!on and !s s%bd!!ded !no a s!*h and"onse"%!e ransla!on. A s!*h u^CLVZmeans remoe l!&e a%d!o-!deo "on)eren"es +here .{ he em'o !s real )as. onse"%!e @YVZre)ers o he senen"e 'a%se ransla!on e"hn!$%e. #n do!n* boh

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e%al and s!m%laneo%s !ner'rea!on, o% sho%ld hae he samede*ree o) l!n*%!s!" sens!!! and a+areness. ;h!le he sle !s more!m'oran !n e%al ransla!on, he res'onse sho%ld be )aser !ns!m%laneo%s ransla!on !n he sense ha o% hae o see& he o'era!eerb er $%!"&l. ;!h a non-"onrolled o"ab%lar, del!er !s nodo%b a "hallen*e.

%"*+ to,icTranslation is categori1ed into se/eral t$e&atic fields

-M!l!ar.-Med!"al.->"!en!)!".-:!erar.-el!*!o%s.-Pol!!"al.-"onom!".-:e*al..e".

>ome resear"hers d!!de ransla!on !no l!erar and non-l!erar. #n l!erar ransla!on, lan*%a*e and he bea% o) he lan*%a*e

!s he %l!mae *oal. #n non-l!erar ransla!on, lan*%a*e !s a means oan end. The sle also ar!es. #n s"!en!)!" ransla!on )or eam'le, o%hae o be era "a%!o%s +!h he e%al messa*e +h!le !n o%rnal!s!"ransla!on, o% r o be "on"!se and o he 'o!n.

Assignment (4)

Translate t$e follo)ing sentences0 ,a+ing attention totec$nical )ords

1.@Q^GXVZ Z^t] Cc N GNGLQZ y @UVZ GjVZ FR\N -2V]RVZ OCS_ H@VZ cVZ _ GR VZ FGcVZ ?@ WVZ KGIL @L~Z ? -.@ZU\_]EZ VZ

3.V]RV GVZ @BZ@LVZ N Y@IVZ iV GwEZ XvVZ \Vy -4.HGjVZ] SjVZ ?@ UVZ KCUH E ?@ZCLVZ @YVG Ky qjVZ UH GL] -5.@IVZ @RLVZ KZU@B ? ^G kS_ uG\VZ I@BGI@ G cGXVZ wUVZ FUYN -6.HRSVZ qVZ ]U y ? CX@VZ q] u^GSVZ GLVZ q RH -

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

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Translation and Lexicography

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Translation and le-icogra,$+

#n do!n* e"hn!"al ransla!on as a he er end o) he 're!o%s"ha'er, +e need s'e"!al!zed or e"hn!"al d!"!onar!esor a leasa boo& on "lass!)!ed e"hn!"al erm!nolo*. ere !s ho+ >am Al>hahed "lass!)!ed h!s ro%nd+or& o) Transla!on +h!"h "ame o% !n1986

B:Kae and sae !ns!%!ons9

19KCBG\VZ:a+19 22?HRVZ-`fZ-@S@cLVZ-HC@VZ-Uy FGBGH

el!*!on-#slam-hr!s!an!-%da!sm-her rel!*!ons

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30}GSLVZ] G@VZ] UVZKCjcVZ]

Pol!"e, 'rose"%!on, "o%rs and'r!sons

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36KGLVUYVZ] |ZJ~Z] FGGXBEZle"!on, 'ar!es and

'arl!amen

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40NGYVZ] UVZ] GSVZThe 'ress, '%bl!sh!n* and'r!n!n*

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46ScLVZ FZC\VZq_UVZ -

FZRJCVZ] F@IVZ -HUIcN G] -

ScLVZ FZC\VZ FG@ -ScLVZ FZC\VZ FZ^Z -

HUIcVZ FG@IVZ -uGLVZ -

@RLVZ -FGN^RLVZ -

?@RLVZ -u^GgfZ -

@USVZ FZUGXLVZ -@B]UIVEZ |USVZ -

@G@L@IVZ |USVZ -HCjVZ FZC\VZ -

Armed (or"es- an&s-


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HUSYVZ -CjVZ GRVZ -

OG\VZ KC -

- a- A!r De)ense- Ta"!"s

G@ZUCYVZ -@j@_ZUEZ -

- To'o*ra'h- >rae*

61FG}UVZ] CYVZ] GwEZ"onom, /an&s, andom'an!es

61

72u^ZfZMana*emen7275OGLN] WLN:abors and ;or&ers7580NZ^VZ

NZ^VZ pfZ -UVZ -

FGYXLVZ -FGZ -

UVZ] UVZ -W@pGSLVZ -

i}ZCVZ -FZ]UvXVZ -

G_Gj] KGYV~Z -

A*r!"%l%re- A*rar!an re)orm- >o!l- (er!l!zers- Pess- #rr!*a!on and dra!n!n*- ro's- (r%!s- e*eables- M!l& and Da!r

80

90NGVZKZt]~Z -

#nd%sr- ;e!*hs

90

95O]UYVZq@\VZ] SYVZ -

O]UYVZ RQZC_ ?}Gy ] UVZ -^CXVZ -

XEZ] USVZ -^GZ ZCBy -

O]UYVZ FGj -O]UYVZ @_ @LN -SYVZ] q@\VZ uQy -

O]UYVZ W\B -O]UYVZ FGHGwZ -KGLVZ -

Perole%m- Pros'e"!n*- >o!l and o!l lo"a!on- o"&s- Dr!ll!n* and era"!on- T'es o) +ells- Perole%m 'rod%"s- !l 'ro"ess!n*- a%*!n* !nsr%men

- Perole%m rans'ora!on- Perole%m e"onom!"s- M!nerals

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105JG@cVZGcVZ |Q UG -

H^GVZ] ^GZ -

To%r!sm- To%r!s ara"!ons- Ar"haeolo* and h!sor

105

GHUVZ -G\VZ] KCVZ -

CcVZ -

- >'ors- Ars and "%l%re- >ho''!n*

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Uy |Q UG -- her ara"!ons111GVZ --oels111

114BRLVZ KZU@VZ -- !!l A!a!on114 120S~Z ] H]CVZ wGVZ -H]CVZ

- %"lear ener* and+ea'ons

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122qVZ -qVZ ]U -

uUjSVZ] K~Z] B~Z q -KC@VZ q -

LvVZ tGjVZ -cVZ tGjVZ -VCYVZ tGjVZ -

^]RVZ tGjVZ -YVZ tGjVZ -GVZ tGjVZ -LVZ tGjVZ -

JZUjVZ -g~Z -

@YVZ W@VGSVZ -`RVZ -

FG@LSVZ -

RVZ -HRjVZ ZU~Z -ULVZ ZUNy -

@Y uQy] FZ]y -KG~Z q -

U@YVZ qVZ -

-Med!"!ne- /ran"hes o) med!"!ne- ..T. med!"!ne- 'hhalmolo*- D!*es!e >sem- es'!raor >sem- sem- !r"%laor >sem- ero%s >semen!al >sem- >&eleon >sem- >%r*er- ad!olo*- Med!"al Anals!s- /lood- (eer

- lands- >&!n d!seases Dermaolo*- >m'oms- Med!"al ools and !nsr%men- Den!sr- eer!nar Med!"!ne

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140Z]RVZ -

@YVZ ^GZ -NUjVZ -

Z]RVZ FGBCI -W@LjVZ FZ]y -

- Pharma"e%!"als

- Med!"al e))e"s- Dosa*e- Dr%* "om'onens- osme!"s

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145KGIcVZ -- Demo*ra'h145148@YVZ N -- "olo*148151VZ -- Asronom151153G@ZUjVZ -- eo*ra'h153

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168GVZ] \@CLVZ -- M%s!" and s!n*!n*-168172KCH@VZ] NZEZ --ad!o and ele!s!on172

175GL@cVZ -- !nema175 178FZ^G@cVZ R -USLVZ -

x]UVZ ]Rp -WZUVZ -

- A%omo!e n*!neer!n*- n*!ne- ear /o- /ra&es

178

eneral d!"!onar!eson he oher hand are morea""ess!ble and ab%ndan. T, >#MP{.

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? ILVZ HUSYVZ Gp~Z ? G\Y GVZ YQ] N kV]G_ ~G{m_FQe "are 'ro!derPros!%eTo sa+ lo*s>nore

>ome +ords seem "%l%re- bo%nd b% he are no. ;hen o%eam!ne hem "are)%ll, o% )!nd o% ha he hae "o%ner'ars !nn*l!sh

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@U:a!"e

^GNerbal!s

OGXAn&le GQZCXVZ uR\N RN""!denl!s\VZasoerVCJearl!n*

i@wG;aer +heelR@VZ ]T!le b o""%'an"

xyUVZ C C_ HZCJ;ade

gCIVZmeneal aler

ead he )ollo+!n* resear"h 'a'er b Dr. Adel Anan on%l%ral erms

Arab!" +ords, broadl s'ea&!n*, "an be sa!d o )all !no +o "ae*or!esa ;ords e'ress!n* %n!ersal"on"e's, !.e. !deas +h!"h are more orless aa!lable !n oher lan*%a*es l!&e GQWLuUjg|G} , and b;ords e'ress!n* "%l%re s'e"!)!" "on"e's, !.e. !deas +h!"h are more or

less 'e"%l!ar o he Arab!" lan*%a*e.T$e latter categor+ includes suc$ )ords as

RYVZ ^GLVZ @cVZ g RVCLVZ ]UN i@L] OC @Q uG}VZ Gw]EZ u^Zt]@GLXVZ @YVZ G@J~Z uUvVZ

The d!s!n"!on be+een "%l%re-s'e"!)!" erms and +ords +!h"on"e's +h!"h he >o%r"e :an*%a*e >: and he Tar*e:an*%a*eT: hae !n "ommon !s o) "on"ern o he ranslaor, be"a%se"%l%ral erms are no as eas o ranslae as non-"%l%ral +ords. Arab!""%l%ral erms e'ress "on"e's +h!"h d!s!n*%!sh na!e s'ea&ers o)Arab!" )rom s'ea&ers o) oher lan*%a*es. The re)er o d!s!n"!eso"!al and 'ol!!"al !ns!%!ons, ea!n* and "loh!n* "%soms, h!sor!"aleens, *eo*ra'h!"al )ea%res, +!ldl!)e, e". >%"h erms rarel haeread!l aa!lable e$%!alens !n n*l!sh, s!m'l be"a%se he are no'ar o) he n*l!sh "%l%re. >'e"!al ransla!on e"hn!$%es are here)orene"essar o deal +!h s%"h erms. >%"h e"hn!$%es are sho+n belo+.

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5!6 Transliteration

Th!s !s he s%bs!%!on o) T: leers )or he >: leers o) he+ord !n $%es!on, as o% do +hen o% +r!e o%r name !n n*l!sh. ereare a )e+ eam'les

Gw]~Z u^Zt]M!n!sr o) ;a$)suG}VZa&a@Q*alab!a

W] OC(%%l and )ala)el^CVZ j>h%ra o%n"!l, Mal!s al >h%ra

?@GLXVZ=hamas!n

@cVZ g>ham el ess!m

) he aboe ransl!eraed )orms, M!n!sr o) ;a$)s and >h%ra

o%n"!l are 'ar ransl!eraed ;a$)s and >h%ra and 'arl ranslaedM!n!sr and o%n"!l. #n boh o) hem, here !s a +ord +h!"h hel's o*e he messa*e a"ross o he n*l!sh-s'ea&!n* reader. The +ords{m!n!sr and "o%n"!l{ are, a)er all, 'ar o) he n*l!sh le!"on, or heo"ab%lar o) n*l!sh. The name , ?@GLXVZ , he Arab!" +ord o) a'ar!"%lar sandsorm has )o%nd !s +a !no he n*l!sh lan*%a*e. herArab!" +ords +!h an esabl!shed ransl!eraed )orm !n n*l!sh !n"l%de

@al!'hM%)!

RjcMos$%eIMe""aU@ym!rJa

?HRGjM%ahedeen?@@ZR(edaeen

GBZ#n!)adaCN:%e

CUQerboaJenna

UYQAl*ebra

OCS}Al"ohol

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5#6 E-,lanation

An e'lana!on "ons!ss o) an elaborae de)!n!!on o) a *!enArab!" "%l%ral erm. ere are a )e+ eam'les )rom ans ;ehrsa D!"!onar o) Modern ;r!en Arab!"

^CVZ jons%la!e ad!sor ho%se o) 'arl!amen

LVZ))!"!al e'o%nder o) #slam!" la+

CCVZ!%al abl%!on be)ore 'raer

`CVZAbsen!on )rom )ood , dr!n& and he l!&e)rom da+n o s%nse

GLNA lon* len*h o) "loh +o%nd ro%nd a manshead

G^A )!ddle l!&e !nsr%men +!h one o hreesr!n*s

?@^~Z U}A "eremon held on he )or!eh da a)ersomeones deah

@@S u]JA s+ee made )rom sesame seed meal ands%*ar

@JGYVZThe morn!n* o) he da a)er someones+edd!n*

@cVZ g

*'!an 'o'%lar hold!n* on he Monda

)ollo+!n* he ree& o'!" aser !n Mar"h,A'r!l, or Ma

5%6 Transliteration0 toget$er )it$ e-,lanation

A erm d!s!n"!e o) Arab!" "%l%re ma be ransl!eraed andhen )ollo+ed b an e'lana!on. The e'lana!on ma also 're"ede heransl!era!on. :oo& a he )ollo+!n* eam'les

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^CVZ j

Mal!s Al >h%ra "ons%la!e "o%n"!l Mal!s Al

>h%ra, an ad!sor ho%se o) 'arl!amen

LVZM%)! , o))!"!al e'o%nder o) #slam!" :a+

CUjVZerboa, a 'e o) small %m'!n* deser ra )o%nd!n some Arab "o%nr!es

GBZ#n!)ada Pales!n!an 'o'%lar %'r!s!n*

GUVZ

ebaba, a )!ddle- l!&e !nsr%men +!h one o

hree sr!n*s

GLVZ#mama, a lon* len*h o) "loh +o%nd ro%nd amans head

@JGYVZThe morn!n* o) he da a)er someones +edd!n*&no+n as sabah!a

Gw]~Z u^Zt]M!n!sr o) +a$)s #slam!" endo+men

5'6 T$e nearest Englis$ e}ui/alent

A more rans'aren +a o) ransla!n* Arab!" "%l%ral erms hanransl!era!on and more "on"!se han e'lana!on ma be needed )orone '%r'ose or anoher. #n s%"h "ase, +e loo& )or he neares n*l!she$%!alen, !.e. a "on"e' alread !n e!sen"e !n n*l!sh. There !s a"ho!"e, ho+eer, be+een A an n*l!sh e$%!alen +h!"h ma!na!ns

he )laor o) he or!*!nal and / an n*l!sh e$%!alen +h!"h doesa+a +!h he "%l%ral d!s!n"!eness o) he Arab!" erm.

5A6 An Englis$ e}ui/alent )it$ t$e cultural fla/or of t$eArabic ter&

1.uRHRjVZ @BZULVZ FGLjLVZ] U@LVZ] KGIfZ u^Zt] M!n!sr o) o%s!n*, e"onsr%"!on and e+


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M!n!sr o) Trans'or, Tele"omm%n!"a!ons and Mar!!me Trans'or.3.CVZ |SVZ `GN ?@y] Z^~Z Z] NZ^VZ UHt]] Z^tCVZ @^ qGB

De'% Prem!er, M!n!ser o) A*r!"%l%ral and :and e"lama!on, and

>e"rear- eneral o) he a!onal Demo"ra!" Par.4@wUVZ GS

oernorae o) >har&!a5LN k

The da%*her o) m )ahers broher.M )ahers brohers da%*her.

6RVZ @V The n!*h o) "ons%mma!on

7GVZ] JG@cV VGVZ RLVZ

!*her #ns!%e )or To%r!sm and oels 8@cVZ g The smell!n* o) he breeze

9G_U er h%sbands oher +!"&ed +!)e

10KC@ZR >%!"!dal )!*hers

o% +!ll a*ree ha he ransla!on *!en )or he en erms !n Aaboe so%nd more Arab!" han n*l!sh - !n s'!e o) he )a" ha he

!nd!!d%al +ords %sed are all *en%!ne n*l!sh +ords. Th!s !s so be"a%sean n*l!sh ransla!on +h!"h 'reseres he "%l%ral "hara"er o) anArab!" erm !s b de)!n!!on, a l!eral ransla!on.

5*6 An Englis$ e}ui/alent )it$out t$e cultural fla/or oft$e Arabic ter&

1 uG}VZ Alms2RVCLVZ ]UN s%*ar doll3@YVZ G@J~Z de'r!ed d!sr!", sl%ms4U@y 'r!n"e

5SVZ '!l*r!ma*e 6?@@ZR *%er!llas7`CVZ )as,)as!n*8uRHRjVZ @BZULVZ FGLjLVZ] U@LVZ] KGIfZ u^Zt]

M!n!sr o) o%s!n*9G_U her b!*am!s h%sbands oher +!)e10@wUVZ GS 'ro!n"eo)>har&!a11G@V]~Z sa!ns12LN k m "o%s!n

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13RVZ @V +edd!n* n!*hTranslate t$e follo)ing cultural ter&s

uRLN@LcLcVZIYVZu^G?@g^RYVZ }U^CSG@gYwgCLVZuRLVZZ

~rite an e-,lanator+ translation for t$e follo)ingcultural ter&s

UXVZ @g^R\VZ @V@CLVZRVCLVZ u]J

`GfZiQCLVZ |GcBEZRYVZ ^GLVZ]UVZ t

^]VZc VZ

Translate t$e follo)ing cultural ter&s in suc$ a)a+ as to

,reser/e t$eir Arabic distincti/eness C RUVZ R@N

HRNSEZ R@N

CYcVZOGN RSVZ @V

ULVZTranslate t$e follo)ing cultural ter&s )it$out&aintaining t$eir Arabic fla/or

UYIVZ uUG\VZ W@Lj_] GB @@VZ u^Zt]

ZRZ Uty RVGVZ @VZ u^Zt]

@NGLQEZ KCVZ u^Zt]OGXVZ ?Z

UN Z]tx]UVZ tGQ

42


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#"Structure>r%"%ral )ea%res !n a lan*%a*e do no "orres'ond o hose o)

anoher lan*%a*e. o% "an no )or"e a 'aern o a""e' a )!ll!n* !) h!s)!ll!n* !s no ma"h!n* he "r!er!a o) he 'aern. Arab!" !s a >em!!"lan*%a*e +hereas n*l!sh !s an #ndo-%ro'ean erman!" lan*%a*e.a"h has d!))eren sna"!" 'aerns and *ramma!"al "onsr%"!ons.ere are some o) hese d!))eren"es

n*l!shArab!"Paern/e)ore he no%n as !n {a all man {

A)er he no%n as !nWHC WQ^

Pos!!on o)ade"!es

Pl%ral !n n*l!sh be!n*s+!h +o

LQ-U

Pl%ral !n Arab!"be!n*s +!h hree

LQ--UPl%ral

r%"!alo as de"!s!e ashe are !n n*l!shP%n"%a!on

\ @LEZ LjVZWVG LjVZ yRY_ E

E H@jBfZ VZ G\YLVZ HU~Z LjVZ

VC\}s%d hard J]C WNGVZ K VGSVZ

U@LvVZo%LQ ]y U

.Zt ZCQ ]S C]

LjVZ] @LEZ LjVZ@VZ

=!nd o)senen"es

43


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|e) e-a&,les t$at s$o) t$e need to &ani,ulate so&egra&&atical ,atterns in translation

..... qIVZ......... @VZ

/oo&s are !n)orma!ed%"a!on !s !m'oran

De)!n!e and!nde)!n!e no%ns

An essen!al"ons!%en o) he

senen"e.

A senen"e !n Arab!" "ando +!ho% h!serb as !n. x^R RLJyAnoher eam'le !s {

here !s{ +h!"h "an beass!m!laed !n Arab!" bhe +ord G

erb { To /e{

Z^GBZ UBZA"h!eed an ason!sh!n*!"orLVZ OCLVZ

Q pKHBK< [ BJ< ^J>_

OCjLV YLVZ

{ VG UH G qj_)or"ed 'ass!eCSB OCjLV YLVZ @p S\LVZ U@YVZ ]y {VCw

UVZ ZC ]y UVZ WYw ? VZ WwThe h!e) +as &!lled b he 'ol!"eman

QUH Ky WvH W OCjLV YLVZ @ WVZ CV u^]U GC WNGVZ `ZG YLVZ @p N G\fZ WvH @J u^GB FEGJ E `CLVZ @ @UVZ V

LQUVG xG~Z Z N] LVZ ]y q@}UVZ RS_ Rw FG}GY_^E G@gGS_ OCjLV.{ VZ UVZ Ww { - Ny u^C}LVZ LIV S@SVZ

]U U@ C @^]~Z FGVZ G Uy WNGVZ U} OCjLV GYVZ Ky ]}UJ GB `GHy KGHUcVZ KCLQULVZ GV q@}UVZ Z WZ ? O]y] S@VZ @UVZ

.O]~Z GYVZ UVZ LQUVZ

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@ZUNEZ LjVZOG

Mos Amer!"ans, !) no all o) hem, l!&e o rael.

B?


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5G_GNGv] Vy] G V -.

-i@B_] RVZ U@}_1 KZRVZ -12RS_ RJZ] WSVZ RS_ W ZUfZ VGJ GLZ ]RLVZ KG\ZCH

.{ GY}C} UN RJy kHy^ B { W q@}UVZ VGJ V}] KGZ WSVZ 2-VZ.@BVZ] U@}VZ ]RLVZ IN N KCI_ c_ VZ ? ZRN

. { `GHy @BGL] OG@V Y @N GUX { - W3{ RVZ -10.ZU KG} Z ]RLVZ N _H {

. OG@V UN] `GHy uUN HULVZ INZ -WuUN @@LVZ .]RLVZ ] N k_y GU@ Y}U uUVZ kBG} Z Gy

.\J4 ? C\VZ GVy 2090U}LVZ GV U@H E G_GNGv] V~Z] GLVZ]

.C `y Y}U `y uU kBG}y ZC BLVZ].uUjg Vy \HRSVZ @V ?@ C GBRNZ]] -W

-RVZ |ZUN1.?HyjVZ N @Y UN c_ V UN UN RJy ZRN~Z -

RJy `R\VZ uU} HU -WUN.GYNE2ZUQ] GYB] VEG G^ LVZ |ZUN GL O]~Z jVZ |UH { GZ] GZ { KZRVZ -

UN Gy cVZ -W . VZ N GL BGVZ jVZ YH] [email protected]

UN Z cVZ K.ZUg 3.C\VZ GVy ? kBG} `y C `y uU kBG}y ZC U `R\_ G U@ ZRN~Z -K] ?@G ZCYH uUGp G I ?IH K G I@ Ky N] IN Z KZ { -W

.{ ?HUGVZ Z] Z K ?@Vy ZCYH Vy I ?IH

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%".ocabular+;hen +e ranslae, +e are 're-o""%'!ed +!h o"ab%lar.

%l%re and sr%"%re are !m'oran b% o"ab%lar !s al+as !n $%esand $%es!on. Arab!" o"ab%lar !s b%l& and some!mes needs some"ons%la!on. Arab!" has hree leels o) e'ress!on lass!"al orrad!!onal Arab!" ha onl l!n*%!ss %ndersand, modern Arab!" ha !s%sed !n "onem'orar +r!!n*s and s'o&en "orr%'ed Arab!". The)ollo+!n* eam'le hel's dra+ and sha'e %' he hree leels.

Assignment (10)

Th!n& o) +o more eam'les, sho+!n* h!s ar!a!on amon* hehree leels.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Also one Arab!" +ord m!*h sand ers%s seeral n*l!she$%!alens. (or eam'le he +ord YI ma re)er o

- A boo&shel) a home- A '%bl!" l!brar- A sa!onar

(ereafter are so&e &ore e-a&,les

q_G};r!erA%hor

VG^:eerMessa*eThes!s

>'o&en Arab!"Modern Arab!"lass!"al Arab!"u@ZU_uRvV]G

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GQDro%*hDehdra!on

y>e )ree:a%n"h

^yarh>o!lro%ndTerr!orTerra!n

tGQ>semA%hor!A''ara%sDe!"e

`GB>semrder

qI))!"e

Des&/%rea%

^ZUwDe"!s!onesol%!onDe"ree

HU_>aemenPerm!ss!on

KNAder!semenAnno%n"emenDe"lara!on

u^]o%rseoa!on>ess!on

^GMon%mens

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(oo'r!ns))e"s

Assignment (11)

Th!n& o) +o oher eam'les and d!s"%ss hem +!h o%r "lassmaes.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The 'roblem here !s no +!h Arab!" as m%"h ! !s +!h n*l!sh.n*l!sh !s loaded +!h mean!n*. A +ord !n n*l!sh "an re)er o

d!))eren %nrelaed h!n*s as !n he )ollo+!n* eam'les

/an&

>'r!n*

Table

49

-:and alon* he s!de o) he r!erUVZ ,+or A- p

e"al' A-

+ e"al' A -G CYH

osaes ehT - @UVZ W o h*nel A -

!+ ro , ll%' e'ahs C UYBt

)o e"e!' A - V]G no!"ello -

s+or O]RQ


50/294

Assignment (12)

T$in of t)o ot$er e-a&,les0 s$o)ing t$e different s$ades of&eaning8------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S+non+&s

- #n ransla!on, he %se o) 3rd

'erson 'rono%ns !-he-she sho%ld no beo)en %sed !n order no lose ra"& o) he ar*e +ord.

- >!m!larl, r o %se d!))eren snonms. #) o% &ee' %s!n* he same)ord, o% +!ll so%nd red%ndan. Ao!d %s!n* he same non"e++ords oer and oer a*a!n !n ne!*hbor!n* senen"es. The o""%rren"eor re"%rren"e o) he same +ord sho%ld be l!m!ed.

- >nonms are no +holl snonms. There are no +o +ords !nn*l!sh, Arab!" or !n an oher lan*%a*e, +h!"h are !den!"al. A +ord!s "o!ned be"a%se here !s a need )or ! o "one an as'e", +h!"hoher snonms "an no do. # !s r%e ha snonms are !m'oran oenr!"h he lan*%a*e and brea& he monoon o) !, b% h!s does noabol!sh he d!))eren"es ha e!s amon* he same )am!l members.>ome +ords )! !n some "one, b% ohers s!m'l do no. Th!s !s%s%all "alled {%sa*e{. :es *o hro%*h an eam'le )rom o%r moheron*%e. #n Arab!", he +ord ZUSp !s he *ener!" +ord, +h!"h re)erso a sand and desolae area o) land. >nonms )or h!s !em are -utGu -ZR@ . # !s "alled ZR@ be"a%se man 'eo'le +ho lose ra"& !n !

s!m'l mee he!r end. # !s "alled utG be"a%se hose +ho *e o% o)! sa)el are +!nners. Th%s, !n one "one, ! seems le!"all "orre",b% seman!"all !n"orre" o sa utGLVZ and !n anoher eam'le ,! !s e$%all sho"&!n* o sa ZR@YVZ UYN .

- >!m!larl !n n*l!sh, o% "an )!nd a lo o) +ords re)err!n* o he same!dea, b% +!h sl!*h e"hn!"al %ses. ;e "an no sa ha blas *%s -

*ale - +!ser- +h!rl+!nd- sorm- em'es- bl!zzard-ornado-

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h%rr!"ane- 'hoon- ""lone are !den!"al , oher+!se ho+ "an +ename he ar!o%s 'es o) he +!nd a"!!.

Assignment (13)

:oo& %' he )ollo+!n* +ords !n o%r d!"!onar. Pa aen!onha alho%*h he share one s"o'e SH |UXH URH , he haed!))eren )o"%ses. >ome, as o% +!ll see all%de o "om'lee desr%"!on,ohers o 'ar!al desr%"!on. #m'l!ed also are hor!zonal or er!"aldesr%"!on, na%ral or del!berae desr%"!on, maer!al!s!" or

oher+!se . . . . e".ann!h!lae or'edo ear do+n smash s%ber shaer

saboa*e dnam!e r%!n raa*e raze obl!erae e!r'ae desro demol!sh deasae +!'e o% andal!ze dama*e +re"& b%lldoze

%!e o)en !n ransla!on +e )eel orn o% be+een +o +ords.>ome 'eo'le !nd!"ae ha he "hoose b sense. >ense !s all r!*h, b% !!s also m!slead!n*. >%d )or eam'le he "o%'le {e!den"e-'roo){.

The seem snonms-es- b% onl !n a m%l!'le-"ho!"e es -W@VjJ -@ -KGU . !den"e !s someh!n* o% oba!n and hel' )!nall o)orm a 'roo). ere are some oher eam'les

Aler Q WHR_ ORH han*e ORYH-U@H Allo+@jH -LcH Perm! pUVZ @H Ans+er OZ N GQ e'l `G_Z ]y |G ^ An"!en HRJ IN @N -HRw ld U@p IN G U@Y} -HRwAbsa!n g ?N LH e)ra!n W?N LH Adm! WY\H on)essU\H - UH

Am'le Uj U@} -UZ] Plen cJ U@} -UZ]Am%semen@c_ e"rea!on `GLjZA""e'UH -WY\H A"&no+led*e U\H -UH

Assignment (14)51


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Th!n& o) some oher eam'les, sho+!n* he d!))eren"e !n

%sa*e.

Collocation B?vQ< ^J_Kzome n*l!sh +ords are d!))!"%l o *ras' andranslae. Tr o ranslae he +ords !n he )ollo+!n* able

A""ess

(a"!l!!es#m'l!"a!onsMa!m!ze'!on>e"%larPoen!al>am!na#ner-o'erab!l!%lnerab!l!

T'!"alA''roa"h n(eas!b!l!%n& )oodbers'a"e

Assignment (17)

>"an he )ollo+!n* 'assa*e )rom Dr. MohamedAnans Ar o) Transla!on :on*man-:ebanon, 1988 andbe all se o d!s"%ss ! +!h o%r !nsr%"or.

GV~Z1GVZ FZUjLVZ -

FEE Z L ^GvSVZ ]y G\VZ EZ Y\N V]~Z Y\VZ GLZ QULVG .H@jBfG GVZ VGVZ G GN UVZ ?CVZ G G@g~Z

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.WH G ZU@}] jH G GBG@Jy] _] FGLIVZ BG ?@ qHU\VZ V QGJB -@UVG ?@\GVZ ?SB -GBy {G_EZ{ ]y {uGVZ{ I iQZC_ FZUjLVZ QZCW@SB GB~ @Y Z] @UVZ V LQUVZ HU ?N G@cBU ] GH@jBZ ? ZU@Y} GYBGQ

H@jBfZ V |G} G@N tCH KG} Z^Gp G} GRN] .iUB G V BGLVZeader S]Arab!" om'an!onuRHRjVZ FGLIV ]y FGLIVZ ~ @UN LQU_ ?LvH

U\Z Rw] SLVZ V K] J qVGVZ H Z I O]y WL_ ] .i@ u^ZCVZ RjH R~Z GGY_^Z G@ WVZ ?ILH E @S G@ FGL} ?@ WG\VZ i

L} Ky U@VZ xCG\VZ'leas%reUcH ? \o 'leaseLI G^ N @L}] VZ G@_^EZ] YVZ] ^CYSVZdel!*h] j L} GQZC_o U

^ VZ @UVZ FGLIV WZR GjH V]GS icB RjH ?V V R C] . ZUQ ]VZ LVZ H@jBfZ LIVZ N y GL^] G \@ W FZUjLVZ V LQU_ G@NVZ cw ZCQUX_ ?L GwRpy RJ~ RJ GL} .i@N GUw] @UVZ LIVZ i JC_

L} Ky RQ] GRN H@jBfZ'leas%reU G@g i _ Ky RE RHRQ G@ kw]LVZ Z V UH V i KG uVZ ]y GLEZ LVZ C] Ey ^]UcVZ U@ LIVZ YJ iB~ icL uVZ ]y LVZ N ^]UcVZ \y W w UZ

L} Ky ^CH EC] .LQUVZ HU ?N ZU@p iU_ VZ LVZ ^GHdel!*h?ILHL} Ky ]y LVZ ZCBy ? CB N] W ^CYSVZ] ^]UcVZ N OR_ Ky UEZ o

Z ? GYBGQ UEZ ?Lv_ ULVZ ] UVZ N u^C\ G^GYNZ N ^ VZKy ] @L~Z VG \@\J R}y Ky IH W KZ ]UVZ GfZ RH^y E] . Z]

LIVZ iYc}Z VZ O]~Z LVG GIcL WH LQUV i^GL RN] UXVZ R qVGVZR\H iBE U xCGw y GG ?N IVG icB WH E VV C] ZU@p i

] .uUjLVZ LIV G@cVZ RSLVZ LVZ ZU XH G ZU@} ZV] GUH iByGRXcB VZ FGLIVZ Ky C FZUjLVG XH GL@ ^GvSVZ ]y G\VZ EZ Y\N^C Y_UH RS H^G_ ? uRLc GBU@I_ GLBy @Gy] GN @G N ORVZUg] G}] |UVZ GZ^] @UVZ FZUjLVG . RS UI CLQ ]y

^RB GVtG VZ @GLVZ ZC^y ?HVZ ] KUw UN cL ? U}y VZ XH^G_ RLH ?HVZGBZRQ] XZ^ ] G\VZ GHCI_ ? Q GB~ GwC UcIB Ky @cB E] G@N

.qcS GVC\N EQU_ v] GjVG CLQU UVZ GHR@CIVZ ?V GZU Z]RjH V GBG

`RXcB Rw] ULVZ @YQ~Z FGLIVZ `RXcB Rw HRSVZ UVZ ?SB] GUVG GHR@QZUVZ?@\@w ?@ZUL GcV] ~Z ? uGLVZ] CVZ ? uGLVZ GV uRHRQ { FGZU{

?@@YQ~Z ?@LIVZ KLSH GLBy y OGJ y N KGS GLIV] GwG\gZ.iQ^G KGSH E] qcS R\VZ LVZ ]RJ ?@GB GL ?] GJpZ

? LQU_ G@N qVZ ? RjB Z] LVZ Z LQU_ kVZ GBRQ] GL]~Z HUXcVZsa!re]y GHR@CIVZ ? UGcVZ G\BEZ y GjVZ V |Uwy KG} GL^]

W uUpGLVZ H@jBfZ VZ G WS_ VZ uU@cVZ G@g~Z LQU_"n!"!sm]y'arado]y!ron.y HUXcVZ LV UVZ ZUVZ ? L} GBUZ G} Z

ZEZ] GXEZo mo"&, r!d!"%le, or ma&e )%n o)y Q N GGY] IVZ ?LvH Ky tCjH i@sar"asm UgGYLVZ `CjVZ ]y lambas!n*vVZ ]y

\LVZ'!llor!n*L} QUB @I G@LQ W} ]y !ronH^CVZ ?@ Lj_ VZ

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w^GLVZ] HUXcVZ]kw Z B!ronVC\} uG@SVZ KCV ]y ^R\V GYcB]!ron o))aeGVZ U@YVZ ]y! !s !ron!"al haw^GLVG G HUXcVZ] w^GLVZ R\_ k}

K]^R\_]{ HR\VZ `CLVZ G} HUXcVZ] i@V FRw GLN w] G { ZUZ { G}R\_ kBy] N RJ ^ZC_ ]y ^ZC_ G} H^CVZ] { ^ZRw~Z Sv

UGVZ LVZ WG\_ ?Lv_ UVZ ]y \VZ ]y HZ]UVZ ]y UcLVZ G_GRXZ]G} UBy iU_ E Rw] iU_ Rw Y U ar!e!es o) !ron@VZ ?N ^GVZ

|GIV GVZ HULVZ1986GLQUH GL^] HUXcVG ]y w^GLVG GLQU_ VV] .uUGcVZ w^GLVG K]ULQU_ q_GIVZ ^Gy Z]!ronQUH @I w^GLVG

'aradoGvwG_ ?Lv_ GBy ^GYNZ N qcS @VZ w^GLVG GG RSH W @I RHRSVZ Z GBUZ Z] u^GYVZ UVZ KG RN CQC U@ iBy kYH Rw GHUG w^GLVZ ?] XH wCL xGcJfZ _ Rw @J |~Z] UVZ G@ GLQUB

HCV U@ @Z^ @p ZR~Z HG_ ]y iwZ] ?N

HUXcVZ U_ VZ VGVZ LIVZ Gy]sa!reRQy V By UNGL} Ky HC FZC G GLZ ^ GN ^y VCY\ LQU_ GV"n!"!smL WLVZ] @\VZ ^ N LGw HUX GIV] HUXcVZ ? Z^Rw g E] ?Lv_

@BGB~Z N G\VZ CcVZ Y ZUZ] GSBEZ V UYVZ ]B ^C_] GCQ] ^GIB ?@LIVZ tZC_ V KCL ?SB] qcJ] { HUX { OC\B iVG @I

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>"!en!)!" Term!nolo*er lan*%a*e has !s o+n shor"om!n*s. n*l!sh )or eam'ledoes no d!))eren!ae be+een he broher o) he )aher and he brohero) he moher. ne as'e" +h!"h sho+s hese dra+ba"&s !s he !dea o)"olors !n Arab!". # !s r%e ha Arab!a +here Arab!" +as born !s no"olor)%l eno%*h, b% he lan*%a*e +as "arr!ed o oher 'la"es l!&e *'and T%n!s!a. ;e s!ll, ho+eer hae a 'roblem +!h some "olors,'ar!"%larl hose *eneraed b "om'%ers. ;h do +e %se +ords l!&eKCL@ tZC}U_ GC gC C ..e"

:!&e+!se, Arab!" seems o hae a 'roblem !n "o!n!n* +ords ore)er o e"hnolo*!"al de!"es s!m'l be"a%se +e no lon*er "onr!b%em%"h o h!s )!eld.

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# *oes +!ho% sa!n* ha +hen o% !m'or a de!"e, o%!m'or !s name %nless o% hae )le!ble ools !n o%r lan*%a*e o )!nda s%!able "o%ner'ar. #n he 'as, l!n*%!ss s%""eeded !n absorb!n*+ords l!&e

-#ron uZCI-eaer KGX-;ash!n* ma"h!ne VGc-e)r!*eraor Q

59


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/% do no )or*e ha s%"h de!"es are less "om'l!"aed !)"om'ared o he so'h!s!"aed !nen!ons o) oda. :!n*%!ss d!d no$%!e 'ros'er !n he ransla!on o) some !nen!ons l!&e-Tele!s!on tG_-!deo U-ad!o GH

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a)ez #brahem !n h!s )amo%s 'oem on Arab!" ar*%ed ha h!slan*%a*e "an absorb an name. The 'roblem l!es !n he l!n*%!ss, no

he lan*%a*e.

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Assignment (18)

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ead he )ollo+!n* 'assa*e b Mohamed Anan and

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1LQUVZ ?KGYV KGLjBCV 2004 178

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*utles be 'ra"!"al. Arab!"!za!on has no a"h!eed m%"hs%""ess so )ar. The !ss%e be"omes more so'h!s!"aed +hen he br!d*eso) "oo'era!on be+een he A"adem!es !n a!ro and Damas"%s arebro&en. The res%l !s a "hao!" sae o) ranslaed +ords. Tr o ans+erhe )ollo+!n* $%!z +h!"h "lar!)!es h!s !dea.

Translation ui1

Nu&ber 5!6 is done as an e-a&,le for +ou

1-;h!"h o) he )lo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!on o)$elico,ter %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a-ZCSVZb-ZCVZ"-UCI@VZd-HCLVZ uUGVZe-@J]ULVZ uUGVZ

#n *!!n* reasons )or o%r sele"!on, o% "an men!on someh!n*l!&e {# bel!ee "ho!"e d and e are he bes ans+er be"a%se he re)er oa )%n"!onal 'ar o) h!s "ra). ho!"e a and b are a''l!"able o ohera!r"ra) as +ell. ho!"e !s he mos +!del %sed +ord, b% ! !s a

ransl!era!on o) he n*l!sh +ord.

Co&&ent

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KCLvLVZ V RcB ?S { ?YjVZ KCj ]y CY

2- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono) { Globali1ation %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- LVCVZb- @Y}CIVZ"- @BCIVZ

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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3- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono) co&,uter %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- VZ qGSVZb- XVZ qGSVZ"- |CGSVZd- U_C@YLIVZe- B]UIVEZ W\VZ)- GVZ*- G_UVZh- ^GYIVZ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!on

o)CDdr!e %s!) o%r "ho!"e.a- vLVZ ZUw~Z Wb- jRLVZ ZUw~Z US"- FGR@cVZ uRJ]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono)scroll bars %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- VZ KGYvwb- UHULVZ Ugy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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6- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono) tele,$one %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- _GVZb- uUcLVZ"- KC@VZd- OC\e- Ht^y----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!on

o)b%s %s!) o%r "ho!"e.a- @C_yb- G"- GJd- NGLQ |C}^ UN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono) c$icen %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- ]Ub- GQ

"- ZU------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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9- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono) c$e)inggu& %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- INb- ZRB"- wZRgd- KGYVe- I@c----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

10- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) !e+ !s he bes ransla!ono)air conditioner %s!) o%r "ho!"e.

a- @Ib- @@I_"- ZC UY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11- ;h!"h o) he )ollo+!n* !n o%r 'o!n o) he bes ransla!on o)

logistics %s!) o%r "ho!"e.a- H^Z KCgb- ZR"- @c@QCV--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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The A"adem !n a!ro has done er +ell !n some as'e"s, b%)a!led !n ohers. Tr o deerm!ne !) he )ollo+!n* endeaors l!sed !nhe able belo+ s%""eeded or )a!led.

65


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;e hae d+el m%"h on he o'!" o) s"!en!)!" erms be"a%sehe are !m'oran and %nao!dable on man o""as!ons. The lasa"!! +e +!ll embar& on !n h!s "onne"!on !s he )ollo+!n* era")rom a resear"h 'a'er +r!en b Ahmed Am!n on he need o deelo'o%r lan*%a*e. ead he 'a'er and s%m %' he ma!n !deas.

67
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GLN KCIH GL}] GVGy] GV~Z RYcV] SVZ VZ IJ N O`RN] GYZ UHU\_] H E GLN @VZ GvHy GLN ? KCIH H GLN @VZ QGLVZ

.uRHRjVZ QGLVZ iVGKCIH Ky V GQGJ GL.G@V QGJ E VZ FGZULVZ ? U@} GYZ V} |

GL^y CSB Y@LV] ?@G CSB jV] KCcL] @B @cV] GLZ KCBGL WcVLVZ uU} i@ RB G} VZ ?VZ v R\V RJZ] y iV @V i} V ? y Ky ?@JCZ

uG@SVZ uG WIV KCIH Ky N Z RLSB Ky @BRLVZ FGwCX uU} G_UZ] V uUXiVERV GZU @V FGZULVZ K B .i KCLGH] i@N xGVZ H RJZ] ZUZ VZ i@N ORH VZ U@ g N ORH E G U@IVZ ?IV] V CSB ]y p] N

uR@\VZ i@ `_ VZ UVZ UV ^]U FGZULVZ uU} K B] i@V QGJ uRJC .FGZULVZ |C@N V GvH U q@N UB Z ?IV] ]UVZ] @G\VZ uRJ]K]RH Q] uULVZ RH N E UVZ ? ky HCVZ uR@\VZ ]UVZ] @G\VZ

CV G@N G] LVZ _ VZ @G\VG ZC_H Ky E @G\VZ N Z]U@V ZRg BGLVZ N.UNGV E Gj cy] LcV ]^y V uRJZCVZ uR@\VZ ZC\VZ FR_

69


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70


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Critical Translation

71


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72


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#n h!s se"!on on "r!!"al ransla!on, +e +!ll deal +!h hree'es 'oer, !d!oms and 'roerbs. These hree share one as'e" &no+nas he mea'hor!" lan*%a*e. er +ord has a denoa!on d!re"mean!n* and a "onnoa!on !nd!re" and %ne'ressed mean!n*.(!*%ra!e lan*%a*e !s eem!n* +!h "onnoa!on. A *ood ranslaor hadbeer be )am!l!ar +!h he denoa!on and "onnoa!on o) +ords. /lood,)or eam'le, "an be %sed !n a e o re)er o &!nsh!' !n add!!on o&!ll!n*. The )ollo+!n* able h!*hl!*hs h!s !dea

The +ord denoa!on "onnoa!on

ha!relaa!onr!''led

>%n ner*:!)e:!*h

Assignment (19)!e he "onnoa!on o) he )ollo+!n* +ords

The +ord The "onnoa!onsarhand>no+

;e hae o %ndersand ha !d!oms, 'roerbs and 'oer are %seam'les o) "r!!"al ransla!on, b% he s"o'e !s reall b!**er. en anabbre!a!on or an a"ronm "o%ld be a "r!!"al as'e" o he ranslaor.The are ho%sands !n eer e"hn!"al )!eld. #) o% )a"e someabbre!a!ons and o% do no &no+ +ha he sand )or, o% are !n dee'ro%ble be"a%se an abbre!a!on "an re)er o more han one en!de'end!n* on he e. AAA "an read {Amer!"an a%omob!le

73
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGkiUysg9GVyQAa1lXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTBxNGVxZzExBGNvbG8DdwRzZWMDc2MEdnRpZANGOTEwXzg3/SIG=1nn38uqv4/EXP=1175520178/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fsearch.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%253Fp%253Dpicture%252Bof%252Ba%252Bchair%2526toggle%253D1%2526cop%253Dmss%2526ei%253DUTF-8%26h=600%26w=428%26imgcurl=www.southwest-furniture-store.com%252FPhotos%252FUpholstered-chairs%252Flarge%252Fbig-beaded-style-chair.jpg%26imgurl=www.southwest-furniture-store.com%252FPhotos%252FUpholstered-chairs%252Flarge%252Fbig-beaded-style-chair.jpg%26size=35.0kB%26name=big-beaded-style-chair.jpg%26rcurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.southwest-furniture-store.com%252Fupholstered-chairs.html%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.southwest-furniture-store.com%252Fupholstered-chairs.html%26p=chair%26type=jpeg%26no=3%26tt=2%252C144%252C268%26fr=yfp-t-501


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Asso"!a!on{ and {An! a!r"ra) Ar!ller {. o+ +o%ld o% ranslae anabbre!a!on as DD en he ransla!on o) a s!m'le a))! !n a +ordm!*h be "r!!"al.

Assignment (20)

Tr o ranslae he )ollo+!n* +ords

Pre)! Mean!n* #ll%sra!on Transla!onAn! A*a!ns An!he!"al

Pse%do-'e

rsonal!

Pse%do

#ner-(alse /e+een, #nerrela!on'o- /elo+, beneah 'oderm!"

Ma"roe"

Ma"ro-

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onom!"s:ar*eere are some more "r!!"al n*l!sh Arab!" +ords.

Assignment (21)

Tr o%r hand a he non-ranslaed !ems !n he )ollo+!n*l!ss(e+A )e+ v ler* ]Gcw hor%s wCQ as>a))

=le'oman!aA%ar&:!oral de'os!soolar

uRLVZ ^G@LVZ `G@p

WSVZ @U_ ?@j_ UL\VZ GS

|is$An"ho iQCBZel J /ass ]^Gw ;h!eba! H^Gc /on!o i@

!l-head @B

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err!n* ijB^ Ma"&erel WHU}G ;h!!n* G@ >ea 'er"h ^Gw]

^C/ream KGQU !le 'er"h @ZUw>&ae FZUS >'ra OtG >ole C T%na GBC_ >$%!d @Y

Dae shell USYVZ ser ^GS OCXVZ `y

:obser ZtC}GZlam ]RQ rab GH^CG} >hr!m' UYLQ >na!l wZCw

Ani&als

LVZYvVZ

WjVZ

KGUVZ|GjcVZ

NGLVZ

Insects

SB

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^CpUp

[ZUVZ u]

L\VZ CZ

YVZ xU

N

^C

|ruits

tCFC_

R tCQ

?@_

qNCjBG

C

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WcN Uw

@

Seasonings

WBUw

KCL}ig

Cereals

U_t^y

cL

erea)er !s an al'habe!"al l!s o) m!s"ellaneo%s !ems hama be hard o )!nd or "r!!"al o ranslae

Al%m Yg Aloes UYp Almond tCV Amber*r!s UYNAr!"ho&e CgU **'lan KGjBG

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/arle U@g /eeroo Uj /la"& "%m!n)ennel )lo+er }UYVZ YJ abba*e qBU} arna!on WBUw asor ]UXVZa%l!)lo+er @YBUw eler U} hard h!"or HU loer @U Taro xG\w (ennel ULg Dae "om'ressed uCjND!ll kYg alan*al HVZ qJ *'!an 'r!e iJ UL_ (en%*ree& YJ (la KG} (ran&!n"ense U} KGYV Thme UNt

!n*er!b!s"%s W@YjBt iHR}U} #nd!*o i@B # |YV %%be YB :ee&ss"all!on:e%"e FZU} :!nseed KGIVZ ^ :!"or!"e xC UN

Mallo+ @C Marro+s$%ashMas!" iC} iI@c M!lle ZULJ u^ M!n GB Molasses CZ WcNm%shroomM%sard |ZUVZ @N OUXVZ%me* Y@VZ tCQ

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as KGCg &ralads )!n*ers @G ParslePennroalbas!l B]R\ KGSH^ Pr%ne G@pUw %!n"e WQU ad!sh Wj o"&e U@QUQ ose moss iQ^ sa))ron KZUNt >emol!na @L @w >e!lle B^E>na&e "%"%mber iw >"amore @LQ Tamar!nd R UL_ T%rn!' kV ;aln% WLQ ?@N;orm +ood @g

Transla!n* 'hrases !s some!mes also "r!!"al. #s ! reasonable

ha he )ollo+!n* 'hrases are all ranslaed as ---------- |U !e o%r o'!n!on.

Assignment (22)

a )lo"& o) b!rds -------------------------------------------------------- a a+arm o) bees ----------------------------------------------------

a s"hool o) )!sh ------------------------------------------------------ a 'la*%e o) lo"%ss --------------------------------------------------

Assignment (23)

Translae he )ollo+!n* 'hrases relaed o so%nds h!ss!n* o) seam ----------------------------------------------------- a b%zz o) a ele'hone ----------------------------------------------- a "rea& o) a h!n*e --------------------------------------------------

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ho+l!n* o) +!nd ----------------------------------------------------- !n*le o) "o!ns --------------------------------------------------------

Assignment (24)Translae he )ollo+!n* small $%an!!es a '%)) o) a!r --------------------- a +h!)) o) a!r ---------------------- a o%"h o) "olor ---------------- a !n o) "olor --------------------- a s!' o) +aer ----------------- a dro' o) +aer ------------------- a "r%mb o) bread----------------a "r%s o) bread--------------------

!"Idio&s

#d!oms are a "olor)%l and )as"!na!n* as'e" o) a lan*%a*e. Theare a *ro%' o) +ords ha a&e on a s'e"!al!zed mean!n* d!s!n" )rom

he mean!n*s o) he !nd!!d%al +ords "ons!dered se'arael. {To h! hesa"& {!s an Amer!"an n*l!sh !d!om +h!"h means {o *o o bed{, b% !)! +ere ranslaed l!erall !no anoher lan*%a*e, ! +o%ld be%ndersood o mean {o sr!&e a "loh ba* !n ones hand{. ne o) he'roblems +e hae +!h !d!oms !s ha +e "anno *%ess he mean!n*)rom he +ords he "ona!n. {To b%rn he boas{ !s no ranslaed as

USH|^ZC\VZ b% as {QUVZ \H {Also{ To smell a ra { !s noranslaed as Z H b% as VZ ^]GcH

:oo& a he )ollo+!n* n*l!sh !d!oms and he!r endeaored ransla!on

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1 /read and b%er...................] @N2 /%r he ha"heGLVZ cB

3 (a"e he m%s!" ......................................RN] \Z4 # !s ra!n!n* "as and do*s. ....u^Z UL_5 P!*s m!*h )l......NZ^ wZ

o% ma hae no!"ed ha mos o) hese eam'les are "%l%ral or!ened and he onl +a o &no+ ho+ oranslae hem !s hro%*h "one and b be!n*)am!l!ar +!h hese "ommon e'ress!ons. #n

n%mber one, he +ord Rt !s re'la"ed b be"a%se h!s !s ho+ ! !s e'ressed !n Arab!".%mber +o and )o%r hae en!rel d!))erenle!"al "o%ner'ars. %mber hree and )!e"ame "ollo$%!al. There !s noh!n* +ron* +!hha !) he mean!n* !s "om'leel "oneed, b% some ranslaors do no)eel "om)orable +!h slan*.

Idio&aticit+ Arab!" !s as !d!oma!" as n*l!sh. #n some "ases, he s!m!lar!

be+een man n*l!sh and *'!an-Arab!" !d!oms !s sron*er han !"o%ld hae been 'rod%"ed b a""!den. o l!n*%!s "o%ld eam!ne he

!d!oms *!en belo+ +!ho% bel!e!n* hem o hae s'r%n* )rom some"ommon so%r"e. To a""o%n )or s%"h s!m!lar!, o% "an %s sa hah%man be!n*s hae he same bra!n me"han!sms ha "an 'rod%"e hesame %eran"es.

n*l!sh *'!an Arab!"

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U

VZUZ

|

>ele a""o%ns +!h someone

84


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C

JcGi

GK

A l!le b!rd old me

85


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VZ

C^uwVG

kV

Ma&e someones blood bo!l

86


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C^`G

K

As l!&e as +o 'eas !n a 'od

87


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CVi]ZB\

cL

k

B@

?

l!' someones +!n*s

88


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w

\

^H

G

K

;!h ones nose !n he a!r

89


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G

@U

VZc

LG

o% hae o +a! don&es ears

90


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C

FHG

JLG

^

To b% he /roo&ln /r!d*e

91


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GUVZ UH

Assignment (25)

ead he )ollo+!n* 'assa*e )rom Dr. M.Anans boo& KGLjBCVKGYV2004114LQUVZ ? And "ommen on !.

B?Fh< ?


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idio&&eaninge-a&,le

To s%*ar

he '!ll

do someh!n* o ma&esomeh!n* %n'leasan

more a""e'able.

The ea"her has s%*ared he oo m%"hhome+or& '!ll b o))er!n* era

mar&s. To hae!"h )ee

+an o rael or moeon

# "an sa !n one 'la"e )or more hana ear +!ho% ha!n* !"h )ee.


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>"ra"h someones ba"&e%rn a )aor

! he "e!l!n*/e"ome er an*r

T%rn someone o))D!s*%s someone

o )l a &!eo a+a

a!se a s!n&Proes sron*l

e !n someones ha!r/oher someone

>hoo o)) ones mo%h'ress ones o'!n!on lo%dl

%m' do+n someones hroa/e"ome an*r +!h someone

Pa hro%*h he nosePa oo h!*h a 'r!"e

Ton*%e and "hee&o ser!o%s

Pla ! b ear#m'ro!se as one *oes alon*

>!"& o% ones ne"&Ta&e a r!s&

All h%mbsl%ms

o hae a le* o sand onTo hae no *ood de)ense )or oneso'!n!ons or a"!ons

e o)) someones ba"&>o' boher!n* someone

o o he do*s/e"ome r%n do+n

Ta&e he b%ll b he hornsTa&e de"!s!e a"!ons !n a d!))!"%ls!%a!on

orse o) a d!))eren "olor%!e a d!))eren maer

:e he "a o% o) he ba*#n)orm be)ore hand

(or he b!rds


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>ra!*h )rom he horsesmo%h

QD;N E DBJ>ERJB ?;IDCB

a *o o%r on*%e

an al&Check the Annex of this book for a collection of more

idioms arranged topic-wise.

#" Pro/erbs

Proerbs are ell!'!"al saemens labeled +!h na!onal !den!.


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neerhe+h!

er)or+ash

!n*!sel)o)en.

96


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Add

'en"eo

'en"e)or+

ealh.

VG |ZU R KZ]~Z FZC R FCLVZ R ^C}RVZ R@H E

A)erdeah

?VZ ULVZ B

97


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hedo"or.A*e

and+edlo

"&amesmanand

bea

VGXH ? U ] YH ? O]y ?}

98


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s.

UYVZ U@RVZ QGQ ? U@ `C@VZ v@Ww K ] iQGN/e al+as !n !me, oolae !s "r!me.

/eer an e** oda han a henomorro+.

^GN xy^ ? U@ LHRw Yw/eer an old ha han a barehead.

R@GH iV W\ iQGJ qIVZ RN V KG} K

allhe

be

VZ N VZ RjH E KGZ tGjV ] uRJZ] UGV Y@LVZ

99


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ar{%n"le{!l

lo%ares

a)ea"rosshe

br!d*e.

100


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are!sno"%r

e.

iL UVZ y

la+me

and#ll"la+o%.

KGt ? UGLvVZ k_G UGLvVZ Z J^

101


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ons"!en"e+a

shan*edl

on*a*o.

Rw NGSV@Q^ R

Z^]y FGLIVZ UL uUjg WLN `}G^GL OGLN~Z ]% o%r "oa

a""ord!n* o o%r "loh.

Deeds are )r%!s +ords areb% leaes.

@NYF^G ^G}]~Z kR Z ZRVZ k@U@GVZ

Desro he ness and heb!rds +!ll )l a+a.

UjVZ ? XV V US_ E ? KCy UVZ KZq@VZ N OZtG g N cB ?C_ E

Do no b%rn o%r ho%se o *e r!dDon "ross br!d*e %n!l o%"ome o !.

102


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o) m!"e.

WQ~Z U\_ VZ uU}(re!n* "ares ma&e *reha!rs.

.WVZ ] ]UVZ OGLQ OGLjVZ GLBandsome !s ha handsomedoes.

GcQ~Z RYH E GjVZ WLVZard +or& brea&s no bones.

.w] ^G GL} fZ .._^Z ] U@ ^G Gas "l!mbers hae s%dden)alls.

UcH ? ?@LcVZ UcH VZ UcH ?.QGQRVZ UcH v@YVZ

e ha +!ll seal a '!n +!llseal a *reaer h!n*.

.iCQ ?@Yw ? WQUV Z WQ G

e ha h%ns +o hares +!ll"a"h ne!her.

Q Z^y ? VVZ q ? USYVZ CH.^Gjg~Z cH Ky i@ ^GLVZ

e ha +o%ld ea he )r%!m%s "l!mb he ree.

^Cy uRN Ug ? W@V qGS} ^GILVZ.i@ |G

e +ho "ommen"es manh!n*s )!n!shes b% )e+.

G U uCN L@VCVZ UvJ ?.YQ]

e +ho "omes %n"alled s!s%nsered.

OCH E ? ..GRJZ]] G@BRVZ WQ^ GLB.WQ^ N G@BRVZ

.GN `GB ^GQ N WI_Z ?e +ho de'ends on anoherd!nes !ll and s%'s +orse.

GG USYVZ KG} Z `ZCN UYVZ N ? W}.KGYw WIVG

#n a "alm sea, eer one a'!lo.

_ E WXVZ GG E xU_ W ].GLy RQC_ E @J GYVZ

# !s !n a!n o "as o%r ne+here here !s no )!sh.

NGcVZ V ] q@N WLVZ ] FG v G:e b*ones be b*ones.

103


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G@ kBy VZW@\VZ UVZ U@IVZ U@XVZ:!*h *a!ns ma&e hea

'%rses.

U@IVZ LjH W@\VZ ?:!lea

ndo)en

)!llshe

'%rses.

cV qS_ G @~ qJ

CH E VCH VZ kwCVZ:!e and lel!e.

:os !me !s neer )o%nd.

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uUw @VZ O] W@\VG ?c_ EGU KCLH VZ R@VZ K]U@IVZ WY\HMan

dro's ma&es sho+er.Man &!ss he hand he +!sh"% o)).

iG FU} iVZCy FU} ?M%"h"o

!n,m%"h"

are.

qGVZ UH E G RGVZ UH

neee+!nes

CJ U ] U UYVZ O]y

105


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s!s

beerha

n+ohea

r-sos.

Pa!en"e!s

b

RQ] RQ ?

106


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!er

b%

bear

ss+ee)r%

!.

G@BRVZ X_ V Wy ? CQU_ G GY_ UYVG `CH Plo%*h dee' and o% +!ll *e

'len o) "orn.

ome +as no b%!l !n a da.

uULV Ht y FCIcVZ>!len"e !s he bes ornameno) a +oman.

q@VZ G @_H q@jVZ G Upy>'enda

i\ U} i} U} ?

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ndod+!lls

end.

O ] Ww G `IVZ U@Tal& m%"h anderr m%"h.

The shores ans+er !s do!n*.

iQy Uw icB RQy ?

The more l!*h a or"h *!es,

he shorer ! lass.

`C_ kBy ] Z^N iV WV ijJ qGVZ The absen 'ar !s no so)a%l.

UVZ cZ q\VZ Z ZThe o o) he hear ma&es he)a"e merr.

ZU@ ZCBCIH Ky cN `Cw ? `Cw UXcH EUNy ? UXcH |RJy

The &ele "alls he 'o bla"&.

ULVZ `UIH KGSEZ RN xGVZ ?@YH GLVZKGH ]y

The 'roo) o) he '%dd!n* !s !nhe ea!n*.

q@Q KG@VZ wUH HUVZ G U\VZ LVZ

The de!l dan"es !n an em''o"&e.

xGVZ ]@qZ KC\H GLThere !s no a""o%n!n* )orases.

108


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iQGN UYVZ U@The sooner he beer, dela !sa )eer.

GLN RZ V ] ...ZRH X_y V ] `CH U ZULN ? Z GL

The !me ha bears no )r%!deseres no name.

KGcVZ ? ? Rgy KGcVZ |UThe on*%e +o%nds more hana lan"e.

N- ?@G@VZ OGy ] KGYUVZ UcKG@g |C\VZ ] KGYp ^]RVZ

The "ross on he breas andhe de!l !n he hear.

? GGLVG G UXH ] E G@ i\_ Y@GLBG

Thro+ h!m !no he !le andhe +!ll "ome %' +!h a )!sh !nh!s mo%h.

W@YcVZ ] `VZ Rp ZTo +!ll !s o "an.

?LJUVZ ? CVZ ] KGcBfZ ? XVZTo err !s h%man, o )or*!ed!!ne.

R_ Z @cVZ kwU GUVZ R_ ZGcSVZ Z]Rcy uGVZ

Too man "oo&s s'o!l hebroh.

uYVZ V H `CVZ ZUfZToo m%"h bed ma&es a d%llhead.

HRV GZ HRV xGVZ |Gy ?;ho "haers o o%, +!ll"haer o) o%.

GSBEZ ? V U ZU@w G KG} ZVGJ ^Rw N N

o% m%s soo' !) o% hae alo+ door.

Assignment (28)erea)er are some more 'roerbs

ommen on he!r )re$%en". l%ser he 'roerbs ha hae heme-l!&e "onne"!ons. :!s some 'roerbs ha "onrad!" one anoher !n mean!n*.

109


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^CB UVZ ` R\VZA bar*a!n !s a bar*a!n.

Wc_ Ky GS_ E @VZ R@VZUcH UcVZ R KA "lean hand +ans no +ash!n*.

?@_U USQ ? ? RH EA )o%l morn!n* ma %rn o a )a!r da.

RJ~ HRp @V @LjVZ HRpA )o !s no a&en +!"e !n he same snare.

`ZU} N ZC K ] Cw ] uHN N F^GQ K ] A )r!end o all !s a)r!end o none.

i@ ?H N ULVZA )r!ends)ro+n !s beer han )oes

sm!le.

A *ood a"& ma&es a *ood !ll.

kY_ GGN xCVZ kBG} Z.`GcQ~Z GZU

A l!le bod o)en harbors a *reaso%l.

uRJZ] uU FCLH KGcBfZA man "an d!e b% on"e.

WL} KCHE G KCVC\H ?HVZ Ku^GvVZ |GN~G _ \HRJ

A man o) +ords and no o) deeds !sl!&e a *arden )%ll o) +eeds.

iBGcV CYX ULVZA s!len )ool !s "o%ned +!se.

^ZUVZ Uc ? ^GVZ A small lea& +!ll s!n& a *rea sh!'.

LJ~Z ] XVZ ?N QZUH ? @ISVZ

i cLH ?

A +!se man "han*es h!s m!nd,

a )ool neer +!ll.`UYHE ? N WGSH WIVZAll la load on he +!ll!n* horse.

^GVZ L\VZ WG ? WHGLH GLBUY}y Gj@j RS_ ^GVZ W@ZUYVZ

An em' essel *!es a *reaerso%nd han a )%ll barrel.

^GBfZ HU @cVZ ^GY~Z/ad ne+s has +!n*s.

^G@fZ KCILH E ZU\VZ

110


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_ G W} R_ EUG B E]Lc_/e**ars "anno be "hoosers.

VZ ? Wvy SVZ/el!ee no all ha o% see nor hal) +ha o% hear.

@V GG_ KCI_ Ky ? U@ W@\V ZRGw KCI_ Ky/eer be born l%"& han r!"h.

GLLVZ ? U@ _GXVZ UVZ/eer be he head o) a do* han he a!l o) al!on.

HCYVZ uG@J ? U@ U FCLVZ/eer den a on"e han 'rom!se lon*.

^CIYVZ ? }UYVZ/eer d!e sand!n* han l!e &neel!n*.

?HRVG W\_ Ky ? U@ ?YVZ ]G k@Y_ K~/eer earl han lae.

XLVZ ? U@ ULVZ/eer *o o bed s%''erless han r!se !n de'.

[CU_ G VZ ? ?cJy iU_ VZ/eer lae han neer.

KGcVZ OH Ky ? `R\VZ OH Ky U@/eer he de!l o% &no+ han de!l o%

don.OLVZ WGvVZ _ yRYH GLB/eer he )oo sl!' han he on*%e.

CVZ FZC V]y `RVZhar! be*!ns a home.

KCHRVZ W} RcH FCLVZon)ess!on!s he )!rs se' o re'enan"e.

Deah 'as all debs.

@V c_ J qGLV c_ E

L kYH J Cw R_ EDonro%ble ro%ble %n!l ro%blero%bles o%.

Dra+ no o%r bo+ !ll o%r arro+!s )!ed.

icB GL qSH W}VZWLVZ qpy] OC\VZ Wy G

`ZCN VZ Na"h b!rd loeso hear h!msel) s!n*.

as!er sa!d han done.

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OZ iy ?@N U\VZU@c_ g WIVer moher

h!n&s her o+n *osl!n* a

s+an.

er +h has a +here)ore.

g WI tCH HULVZKZy iV ] kw] W} KZ]y iV] g W}erh!n* "omes o h!m +ho +a!s.

icB H E } EGYJ LJV _ Eerh!n* !s *ood !n !s season.

VG LV q ? KGHZ] ` ?E KG} CV!e a )ool ro'e eno%*h and he +!llhan* h!msel).

|ZC~Z W} H ?cSVZ ULVZ!e h!m an !n"h and hell a&ea m!le.

GNZ^ OCy GLVZood "loheso'en all doors.

reed )ol&s hae lon* arms.

GYG vYH ZUGJ GXH ?

WSVZ UZ ? RVZ K] REe ha)ears o% 'resen +!ll hae

o% absen.

e ha +!ll ea he &ernel m%s"ra"& he n%.

G@ UVZe +ho hes!aes !s los.

ZRcVZ U ?HRVZ ?y ?

G@g WH E XH E ?e +ho l!&es borro+!n* d!sl!&es 'a!n*.

GSp~Z x]^ C G_ SVZe +ho ma&es no m!sa&es ma&es noh!n*.

@^ U@ BG~Zealh !s no al%ed !ll s!"&ness "omes.

GwZ `GVZ H CjVZones !s he beer 'ol!".

GRp W\VZ WjH WcIVZ%n*er !s he bes sa%"e.

#dleness r%ss he m!nd.

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Assignment (29)The mean!n* o) he )ollo+!n* 'roerbs has been !nd!"aed.

Tr o )!nd he Arab!" e$%!alens

'ress!on am'le Arab!"$%!alens

/ea% !s onl s&!ndee'

/ea% !s no onl !n he)a"e, b% also !n mannersand beha!or

andsome !s as handsome does.:!)e !s no a bed o)

rosesThe bea% o) aman !s onl !n h!sbeha!or

:!)e !s hard, so +or& )or !

Ma&e ha +h!le hes%n sh!nes

;or& )or o%r da andneer 'os'one !

M!ser loes "om'an!l and +aer donm!#) o% arem!serable, o% +!ll)!nd rel!e) !n

a""om'an!n* oherm!serable 'eo'le.

Peo'le o) d!))eren em'ers"onrad!".

>r!&e +h!le he !ron !sho

Ta&e he "han"e

o% "an ell a boo&b !s "oer. Don %d*e b a''earan"e.

Assignment (30)

Tr o )!nd an Arab!" e$%!alen ransla!on o he )ollo+!n*'roerbs and +!se sa!n*s

A'r!l sho+ers br!n* ma )lo+ers------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The bes do"ors are Dr. D!e, Dr. %!e and Dr. Merr man-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(!sh and *%ess s!n& a)er hree das-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;ha "an be "%red m%s be end%red------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A l!ar o%*h o hae a *ood memor------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :!le lea&s s!n& a sh!'------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men ma&e ho%ses, +omen ma&e homes-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

:oe me, loe m do*------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e +ho 'as he '!'er "alls he %ne------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ne s+allo+ does no ma&e a s%mmer------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Three ma &ee' a se"re, !) +o o) hem are dead--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Check the Annex of this book for a collection of moreproerbs.

3- Poer#s 'oer ranslaable

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Transla!n* 'oer !s er "r!!"al and !r&some ma!nl be"a%seo) !s mea'hor!" and emo!onal as'e". # !s r%e ha blan& erse !seas!er o ranslae han rhmed and rhhm!" erse, b% boh needs'e"!al reamen. The 'oe!" lan*%a*e !s a d!))eren and so'h!s!"aedleel o) e'ress!on. :oo& a he )ollo+!n* '%n b he Amer!"an 'oeess,>l!a Plah, +r!!n* o her moher

There is nothing between us

D!d she mean, {%r rela!ons are oer, or noh!n* "an blo"& he)lo+ o) *ood )eel!n*s be+een %s{ Tr o ranslae h!s l!ne. Anoheream'le !s )rom >alah Abdel >abo%r. ead he l!ne, analze ! and

ranslae ! \] h J<


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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assignment (32)

ead he )ollo+!n* ransla!on and "ommen on !

All he +orlds a sa*eAnd all he men and +omen merel 'laersThe hae he!r e!s and he!r enran"es

And one man !n h!s !me 'las man 'ars,!s a" be!n* seen a*es. A )!rs he !n)an,Me+l!n* and '%&!n* !n he n%rses arm,And hen +h!n!n* s"hool-bo, +!h h!s sa"hel,And sh!n!n* morn!n* )a"e, "ree'!n* l!&e a sna!l, %n+!ll!n*l o s"hool (rom As o% :!&e #, b >ha&es'eare

Uc GLVGN K EyVCp OCH W} ]

UIH ZUH V ]

U}] ^ZU E ULVZ G ]Y VZ ULN ZCgy ]

W ULVZ O]y GVGHg W} iCQ ? H ] `]H

GJ UjJ NCIH FG Rw VZ qVG iXH ]

qIVZ GJ _

GYVZ iQC} @Yp iQCv N GJt x^RVZ V ]UH........ @SVZ J_ GL}

5JW


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------------------------------------------------------------------------------55555555

Assignment (33)ead he )ollo+!n* ransla!ons and "ommen on hem

GByV]RVZG@ ? GBy -G@ G GBy

LISVZ k@ ] ORVZ k@ ] OGLVZ k@ GByLVZ ] ^RLVZ ] RjcLVZ By W

By By W

Zt ZUNy E By Gp~Z GUCQ GBy ]

6xW< \W QK< ^K m] \_>5

e s%!s l ea# am all o) !# am all !n !# am he mone, %s!"e and +!sdom# am he mos$%e, s"hool and hos'!al

# am o%o% are %s an!sh!n* shado+s;hereas #m he "ore

uG@SV YJ UVZ qJy B^ZU\VZ RH @V @ UVZ ]

LVZ RH^y GBy ]KGcVZ ] @cVZ RH^y B

UVZ FGHGIJ ? UY}y U~GyKGcVZ WH]Gwy ? UY}

6\ XxJ[9J_<


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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assignment (34)

Translae he )ollo+!n* e"er's

?@GXVZ }^ qJUVZ GvVZ }U_ qScVZ?@YjVZ YpGN ZUp G ]RY_ LVZ ]

?HRZVZ C i@ RQG QG USYVZ ]R@YVZ ~Z KGYZ G@N GLIV

?HUI_ ZGL .... L ?@LS_ ZGL.... L

J >] J?Q

KQ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OZ_ G `C@VZ ] GcLVZ |G_OG\VZ GNC ? c_ G c_`GH Ky WYw H FG GHJ K}GRjH `GN Gy VZ iy K

OZcVZ V ?@J C_ Ky RE .. C_ ZR iV ZCVGwG GB GUVZ G_ K]

CSVZ `CB `G_ WVZ qBGQ ULVZ |U_] GZU_ ? c_

GYVZ LjH GHJ ZG@p K}^R\VZ] G@LVZ ?H]

|G@cVZ U}Gg ^RULVZ

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GwRpy GH G\VZ VHUVZ HGB Z G RVGcLVZ @S_ y G Rg]

U@X ZCSYpZ] G\VZ V L@VyuU ZCVZ GVy W}]

U FCLVZ]KGcB ? KGcBfZ UcH g W}]

tGjJ LVZ RYN RLJy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;hose +oods hese are # h!n& # &no+.!s ho%se !s !n he !lla*e, ho%*he +!ll no see me so''!n* here

To +a"h h!s +oods )!ll %' +!h sno+.M l!le horse m%s h!n& ! $%eerTo so' +!ho% a )armho%se near/e+een he +oods and )rozen la&eThe dar&es een!n* o) he ear.

e *!es h!s harness bells a sha&eTo as& !) here !s some m!sa&e.The onl oher so%nds he s+ee') eas +!nd and do+n )la&e.

The +oods are loel, dar& and dee'/% # hae 'rom!ses o &ee',

And m!les o *o be)ore # slee',And m!les o *o be)ore # slee'.

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ober (ros>o''!n* b ;oods on a >no+ en!n*

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

120


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121


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Texts for !tudying" Comparing

and Analy#ing

122


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123


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A lar*e 'or!on o) he )ollo+!n* ransla!ons +ere done bs%dens. M!sa&es do e!s, b% he are ma!na!ned )or anals!s. A*a!na 'er)e" ransla!on does no e!s.

!8 One Translation

A-(rom Arab!" o n*l!sh

>ome 'eo'le bel!ee ha ransla!n* )rom n*l!sh !no Arab!" !seas!er han ransla!n* )rom Arab!" !no n*l!sh. There m!*h be somer%h !n h!s saemen. Tha !s ma!nl +h he )ollo+!n* 100 Arab!"senen"es and he!r ransla!on !no n*l!sh hae been added.

Assignment (35)

>%d he )ollo+!n* 100 senen"es and r o "lass!) hehardsh!'s !n hem !no o"ab%lar sr%"%re "%l%re.

1.CvVZ JU cB W ]RJ V H OGV UIYLVZ `GVZ Ky kY R\V .

# has been 'roed ha earl abla"a!on +ean!n* o)) m!*h lead o's"holo*!"al d!sorder !n ma%r! sa*e.

2.OCYVZ xGYJZ ? BGH KG} KG} @J CVZ u}ULVZ HGVZ U V HULVZ W\B .#mmed!ael he 'a!en +as a&en o he !nens!e "are %n! as he +ass%))er!n* )rom %r!ne reen!on.

3? G BGy] wG ]UN E CG FG@GvVZ ? RHRVZ `C@VZ RGB G] ..U@LSVZ FCV FZCp~Z UIBy K ..}Gg N

;ha +e +a"h no+adas on seeral saell!e "hannels !s noh!n* b%)loor sho+s and nas son*s 'er)ormed b sho+er s!n*ers.

4U Ny] kw] |Uwy Gw^] G_ Ky N UJ] VG iQ]t WQUVZ ] ..i_G@J ? L_G\VZ uUVZ V

The +!)e *o an absol%e!rreo"able d!or"e b her h%sband +homade s%re ha she re"e!ed her b!ll o) d!or"e as soon as 'oss!ble. e%rned h!s ba"& o h!s *loom 'er!od o) h!s l!)e.

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5|J ZRJ ^ FZCp~Z RN LQ ^C}RVZ N ?LHy CH Ky qHUVZ ?] ..HUVZ RCVZ |S K^Cw G Z RVZ

# +as sran*e ha Dr Aaman o% oed Dr oma des'!e he re"en"o) ad Par "om'ared o Al ;a)d.

6. OCj KGI V iZ |U VGVZ `C@VZ ] Gw N @ LVZ YHVZ RLJy cV.Ahmed l !ba& slammed l maalem =!sha on h!s na'e. n he)ollo+!n* da he elo'ed +!h h!s da%*her o an %n&no+n 'la"e.

7? N YHU KCRH ZCBG} By J qZUvVG ULVZ qVZ KG]UVZ ^y] ..@Z^y G_C

The *'!ans +ere oeraed b he omans o he een ha he

had o 'a aes )or he b%r!al o) he!r dead !n he!r land.

8.FG@JpfZ k}Z J uU@\VZ GLVZ ZRJ~Z UIH] .There are man o%n* %en!le o))enders !n he sl%ms and o% "an seeman o) hem no+adas !n re)ormaor!es.

9.Z Gg G V RQZC GBy ]RYH] KGCVZ WYw ^~Z N KZUVZ kgGN] .as are ane- d!l%!%m and he seem o e!s o he !n)!n!.

10CQH FU}_ GL} .YB] CQ].IVZ u^C uZUw UgZ] RcQ U\H ^CY\VZ;heneer # remember {o*{and {Ma*o*{ and he eh%ma!on, mblood "ree's and # sar re"!!n* >ora l =ah).

11GVZ KCLH ?HVZ E N ~Z Ugy ? |GCVZ RYN RLS ^G\@CLVZ KG}] ..ULVZ ? Uw xZC] HRV K~

The "om'oser, Mohamed Abd l ;ahab, +as one o) he mos )amo%seam'les o) h'o"hondr!a" 'eo'le.

12 FyR U] U N GIVZ] VZ ?N RYVZ G@_ ? ^RLVZ kY] ..fZ

/e)ore he d!"a!on, he ea"her as&ed her '%'!ls o ao!d "hea!n* ando +r!e on eer oher l!ne.

13R UYw kwCVZ Z W} IL@ iBZ @} HC uUV ig] qIVG V] RN KG}] ..uZUw K]R FCLVZ

e +as 'reo""%'!ed )or a lon* !me ...... ho+ he +o%ld s'end all ha!me !n h!s *rae +!ho% read!n*.

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14k_G GB pC_ Ky ?ILH] LQ W}G ? @@cVZ UHUSVZ L BG_] Z ..GcB N Lc\

Pales!ne :!bera!on r*an!za!on s%))ers )rom man 'roblems , and !"o%ld be des"r!bed as d!!ded a*a!ns !sel).

15`ZRXG iBy V G@LVZ OC qjH Ky CVZ K~Z FGGVZ ? BGH ?LV YH] ..K~Z FZZR

;hoeer s%))ers )rom "hron!" o!!s med!a m%s %se ear 'l%*s +heneere'osed o +aer.

16C@BCH G@BGLVy kGvZ .2006RSH VZ U@YIVZ ]UIVZ KGQULVZ C] VGVZ x}.FZC ^y W}

#n %ne 2006, erman hosed he ;orld %', a b!* $%aern!on so""ereen.

17.^CN~Z KZULVZ QC ?@cJ `y kcJy gUIV GGVZ R .A)er deo%r!n* r!'e, m asan!n )el 'a

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A Guideline to Translation (1)