May 2016

A GUIDE TO ARB’S HEAVY DUTY

DIESEL VEHICLE REGULATIONS

GEAR UP, BREATHE EASY

ARB is actively enforcing heavy-duty diesel vehicle regulations in support of California’s clean air goals. Enforcement of clean diesel vehicle rules also provides a level playing field for those who have already done their part and are in compliance.

This booklet provides basic information and resources to help take the guesswork out of California’s clean truck and bus requirements. If your rig does not meet state clean air laws, you could be subject to fines or temporarily lose the ability to operate in California.

For more information or assistance with compliance options, visit www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop, call ARB’s toll-free hotline at 1-866-6DIESEL, or email us at 8666DIESEL@arb.ca.gov

While this booklet is intended to assist truck owners with their compliance efforts, it is the sole responsibility of fleets to ensure compliance with all applicable regulations.

DISCLAIMER

CONTENTS

What diesel rules apply to you? 3

Trucks and Buses 4

2014 Truck & Bus Regulation Amendments 5-6

Drayage Trucks 7

Transportation Refrigeration Units 8

Tractors & Box-Type Trailers 9

Legacy Programs, Public Fleets, & More 10

PM Filter Maintenance Information 11-12

Funding Assistance 13

Quick Tips 14

Please visit ARB’s comprehensive website for more detailed information regarding diesel trucks at www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop

Para obtener más informacíon en español, por favor visite www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop/espanol

8666DIESEL@arb.ca.gov 1-866-6DIESEL (1-866-634-3735)

WHAT DIESEL RULES APPLY TO YOU?

Check all diesel rules that apply to you.

Does your vehicle have a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 14,000+ lbs.? See Trucks and Buses (private and federal fleets): page 4 Other rules may apply, see below.

Is your fleet publicly owned, a solid waste collection vehicle, or a transit agency or utility? See Public Fleets and Others: page 10

Do you visit ports or intermodal rail yards? See Drayage Trucks: page 7

Do you own or operate a reefer (transport refrigeration unit)? See Transport Refrigeration Units: page 8

Do you own or pull 53-foot or longer box-type trailers? See Tractors and Box-Type Trailers: page 9

Do you own a vehicle with a GVWR of 6,000+ lbs.? See Idling Limits: page 10 See Emission Control Labels: page 10 See Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program: page 10 See Periodic Smoke Inspection Program: page 10

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TRUCK & BUS REGULATION

Diesel trucks and buses with a GVWR that is 14,001+ lbs. must reduce exhaust emissions by meeting particulate matter (PM) filter requirements and upgrading to newer engines. Vehicles with 2010 model year (MY) or newer engines are fully compliant.

Heavier Vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001+ lbs. need upgrades as shown in the table. Reporting is optional when exclusively using the heavier vehicle schedule.

Schedule for Heavier Vehicles (>26,000 lbs GVWR)

Engine Year PM Filter* 2010 MY Engine

Pre-1994 Not required January 1, 2015

1994-1995 Not required January 1, 2016

1996-1999 January 1, 2012 January 1, 2020

2000-2004 January 1, 2013 January 1, 2021

2005 or newer January 1, 2014 January 1, 2022

2007-2009 If already equipped January 1, 2023

*Level 3 PM filter

Lighter Vehicles with a GVWR between 14,001 and 26,000 lbs. need to be upgraded with 2010 or newer MY engines. Check the table to determine your replacement date. Older vehicles may be upgraded to newer used equipment that is still in compliance with the schedule. No retrofit PM filter or reporting is required for lighter vehicles.

Truck and Bus Regulation (866) 6DIESEL (866-634-3735) www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop

Schedule for Lighter Vehicles

Engine Year 2010 MY Engine

1995 and older January 1, 2015

1996 January 1, 2016

1997 January 1, 2017

1998 January 1, 2018

1999 January 1, 2019

2003 and older January 1, 2020

2004-2006 January 1, 2021

2007-2009 January 1, 2023

Other flexibility options may help you comply with the regulation (please see pages 5-6). Reporting is required by January 31 of the compliance yearto claim any available options.

4

Additional Time for Small Fleets

The Board approved amendments for small fleet owners who complied with the Small Fleet Option for heavy trucks (with a GVWR more than 26,000 lbs.) and had at least one PM filter by January 1, 2014. Compliance for trucks already equipped with PM filters is being extended to 2023, and owners with two or three trucks will have two or more years to upgrade the other heavy trucks. Owners who did not meet small fleet requirements on time must use other options to comply.

Expansion of the Low-Use Vehicle Exemption

The approved amendments exempt vehicles that travel fewer than 5,000 total miles per year, regardless of where the vehicle is operated until January 1, 2020. The existing extension for vehicles that travel less than 1,000 miles in California remains in effect except that the hourly limitation for vehicles that operate while stationary has been removed.

Work Truck Phase-In Option

The Work Truck option replaces the low mileage construction truck extension. The new option applies to work trucks that travel less than 20,000 miles per year and are straight trucks, tractors that exclusively pull low-boy or dump trailers, and licensed contractors.

The new option does not apply to any other tractor-trailer combinations, or truck and trailer combinations that haul goods. This option can now be used separately for lighter trucks in the fleet. Owners of single truck fleets can use this option to defer compliance until January 1, 2016.

Schedule for Small Fleets

PM Filter Required Schedule

First Truck January 1, 2014

Second Truck January 1, 2017

Third Truck January 1, 2018

Meet engine model year schedule starting January 1, 2020

Work Truck Phase-in Schedule

Compliance Date PM Filters in the Fleet

January 1, 2014 33%

January 1, 2015 40%

January 1, 2016 60%

January 1, 2017 80%

January 1, 2018 100%

January 1, 2020Meet engine model year schedule

2014 AMENDMENTS TO THE TRUCK & BUS REGULATION

5

2014 AMENDMENTS TO THE TRUCK & BUS REGULATION (cont.)

Smoothing of Requirements for Agricultural Vehicles

Owners of agricultural vehicles are able to use the existing extension longer if their vehicles operate less than 15,000 miles per year after January 1, 2017 and 10,000 miles per year after January 1, 2020. Cattle livestock trucks will be newly eligible to use the specialty truck extension. All agricultural trucks will need to have 2010 engines by 2023. The opt-in period for eligible agricultural and log trucks closes January 31, 2015.

Extended PM Filter Phase-In for Rural Areas with Cleaner Air

Any vehicle that operates exclusively in the expanded NOx Exempt Are-as (far North State and Central Coast) will have no additional requirements, other than reporting, once the vehicle is equipped with a retrofit or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) PM filter. The phase-in schedule was also extended by several years. The amended option is open to both lighter and heavier vehicles. See TruckStop for updated maps.

Other changes include: Extended use of existing retrofit PM filters and compliance credits, smoothing out of regulatory compliance requirements, new options for heavy cranes and addressing PM filter recalls.

For more information on these and other amendments to the Truck and Bus Regulation, please visit the TruckStop website at: www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop

Schedule for Agricultural Vehicles

Engine Year Annual Mileage Limits

2011 to 2016 2017 to 2019 2020 to 2022

2006 or newer 25,000 miles 15,000 miles 10,000 miles

1996 to 2005 20,000 miles 15,000 miles 10,000 miles

1995 and older 15,000 miles 15,000 miles 10,000 miles

NOX Exempt Phase-in Schedule

Compliance Date PM Filters in the Fleet

January 1, 2014 --

January 1, 2015 25%

January 1, 2016 40%

January 1, 2017 55%

January 1, 2018 70%

January 1, 2019 85%

January 1, 2020 100%

6

Diesel-fueled trucks transporting cargo destined for or coming from California’s ports and intermodal rail yards (including bobtails and transporting chassis) must be registered in the statewide Drayage Truck Registry prior to entry. Drayage fleets must comply with requirements by operating only vehicles with 2007 MY engines or newer.

Drayage Compliance Schedule (GVWR 26,001 lbs. or more)

Truck Engine Model Year Emission Requirements

2006 and older Not allowed

2007-2009 Compliant through 2022

2010 and newer Fully compliant

By January 1, 2023, all class 7 and 8 diesel-fueled drayage trucks must have 2010 or newer engines. Trucks with 2010 or newer engines are fully compliant with both the Truck and Bus and Drayage regulations.

The exchange of marine or rail cargo (e.g. containers) between compliant and noncompliant drayage trucks is not allowed anywhere in California.

Drayage Truck Regulation

1-888-247-4821

www.arb.ca.gov/drayagetruck

DRAYAGE TRUCKS

7

All transport refrigeration units (TRU) and TRU generator sets that operate in California must meet the in-use performance standards (see compliance table below).

Every California-based TRU and TRU generator set must be registered in Air Resources Board Equipment Registration (ARBER) and be labeled with an ARB Identification Number. All terminals that are located in California where TRUs are based must submit operator reports to ARB at: arber.arb.ca.gov.

TRU and TRU Generator Set Compliance Schedule

Engine Model YearLow-Emission TRU (50% PM Reduction)

Ultra-Low-Emission TRU (85% PM Reduction)

2001 or older December 31, 2009 December 31, 2015

2002 December 31, 2009 December 31, 2016

2003 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2017

2004 (<25 hp) December 31, 2011 December 31, 2018

2004 (>25 hp) Not Applicable December 31, 2011

2005 and newer Not Applicable December 31st of the model year plus 7 years

Fleets may comply by using alternative technologies, installing verified PM filters or upgrading to cleaner engines.

All businesses that hire carriers (e.g. brokers, shippers or receivers) must only use carriers that supply compliant TRUs.

Transport Refrigeration Unit Regulation

1-888-TRU-ATCM (1-888-878-2826)

www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/tru/tru.htm

TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION UNITS (REEFERS)

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The Tractor-Trailer Greenhouse Gas Regulation applies to 53-foot or longer box-type trailers and 2013 MY or older heavy-duty tractors that pull these trailers.

Low-Rolling Resistance Tire Requirements*

Tractor Requirements

All 2011 through 2013 MY sleeper-cab tractors must be SmartWay designated models. 2014 MY or newer tractors are covered by a federal regulation and are exempt from this rule.

Trailer Aerodynamic Requirements

All trailers must be either SmartWay certified or aerodynamically retrofitted to a minimum standard. Fleets that previously reported trailers to use the Optional Compliance Schedules may phase in aerodynamic technologies over several years.

Delays and Exemptions

Certain trucks subject to the Transportation Refrigeration Unit (TRU) rule can phase in tire and aerodynamic requirements from 2018 to 2020. This only applies to TRUs with 2003 to 2009 MY reefer trailers equipped with 2003 or newer TRU engines.

Fleets must register to take advantage of short haul, local haul or storage trailer exemptions, and to apply for temporary use passes.

For full details, see: www.arb.ca.gov/tractortrailer_ghg

*Must be SmartWay certified.

TRACTORS & BOX-TYPE TRAILERS

2010 MY and Older

2011 MY to 2013 MY

2014 MY and newer

Tractors Required Required N/A

Trailers 1/1/2017 Required Required

9

LEGACY PROGRAMS, PUBLIC FLEETS & MORE

ARB continues to actively enforce long-standing requirements for diesel vehicles including:

Idling Limits

Idling Limits restrict diesel vehicles from idling more than five minutes, and idling in school zones is not allowed with limited exceptions. See: www.arb.ca.gov/noidle

Emission Control Labels

Emission Control Labels must be affixed to engines of all commercial heavy-duty diesel vehicles, and must be legible as proof the engine, at minimum, meets U.S. federal emissions standards for the engine model year.

Periodic Smoke Inspection Program

The Periodic Smoke Inspection Program requires owners of California-based fleets of two or more diesel vehicles to perform annual smoke opacity tests and to keep records for at least two years for each vehicle. The requirement does not apply to cars or trucks that must undergo a Smog Check.

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program

The Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program uses random roadside inspections to verify that diesel engines do not smoke excessively and are tamper-free. See: www.arb.ca.gov/enf/hdvip/hdvip.htm

Public Fleets and Others

Vehicles with a GVWR of 14,001+ lbs. that are owned by state and local government fleets, publicly-owned school buses, private utilities, and solid waste collection vehicles, must already be retrofitted with the best available ARB-verified PM filters or upgraded engines.

10

IF YOU NEED A SOOT FILTER, DON’T DELAY!

Selecting and installing the right ARB verified diesel particulate filter (DPF), also known as a soot filter, for your truck takes time. If your filter is not installed by January 1st of the applicable compliance year, or ordered four months prior to the deadline, then you may be in violation. Visit www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop and click on “DPF/Soot Filter Information” for details.

The emissions performance of every DPF technology has been verified by ARB through rigorous testing. Keep in mind that a DPF is not a “fit and forget” device. Protect your DPF and engine by paying attention to a few simple but important maintenance requirements.

Use only ARB verified soot filters!

11

DPF CARE & MAINTENANCE

Vehicle Maintenance is CriticalTop notch vehicle engine maintenance is required. Remember to check fuel injectors, air filters, turbo chargers, fuel filter, fuel, coolant and lube oil. Failure to maintain the engine can void the DPF warranty!

Don’t Ignore the DPF Monitoring SystemThe cab of the truck features a monitoring system for the DPF that includes several indicator lights that give important feedback on DPF operation. The operator must understand and observe the DPF indicator lights on a regular basis and respond accordingly.

Maintain the Proper Engine Duty CycleThe duty cycle is the daily pattern of engine use. If the duty cycle of a truck is changed, it may affect how the filter works, and can lead to plugging. Notify your installer if you change the way you use your vehicle and be aware that it may affect the way your filter functions.

Understand Your DPF’s Regeneration SystemThe soot collected by the DPF must eventually be removed to keep the filter from clogging. The process of burning the soot in the filter is called regeneration and is done using high temperatures for a specified amount of time. Your truck is equipped with either a passive system that cleans the DPF automatically or an active system that may work automatically or require driver intervention to start a regeneration cycle.

Handle the Filter with CareDPFs are commonly made of ceramic, so do not bang or tap on your filter. A cracked or damaged filter may not be compliant with the Truck and Bus Regulation and could be a citable violation.

DPF Cleaning BasicsThe DPF is a maintenance item. It must be removed and cleaned periodically to get rid of accumulated noncombustible ash from the filter. Ash removal is separate from regeneration. Only use filter cleaning procedures approved by the DPF manufacturer.

While a DPF undergoes a rigorous verification process prior to sale, occasional problems may arise. Use the following three-step protocol to resolve DPF-related performance or reliability problems: 1. Contact your installer (most problems are resolved in this manner) 2. Contact the device manufacturer (if the installer cannot resolve your complaint) 3. Contact ARB at 866-6DIESEL or 8666DIESEL@arb.ca.gov (only if the installer or manufacturer cannot resolve your complaint).

A guide to operating your DPF is available at: www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop or by contacting (866) 6DIESEL or via email at 8666diesel@arb.ca.gov. 12

RESOLVING DPF RELATED PROBLEMS

FUNDING ASSISTANCE

Grant funding is very limited but may be available to help fleets and individuals comply with California regulations earlier than is required.

Funding is available for vehicle replacements, retrofits, and zero-emission technologies. Please contact the local air district where you are based to determine if you are eligible for funding or if an opportunity may become available in the future.

ARB’s loan assistance program (PLACE) helps small businesses with vehicles that operate at least 50 percent of the time in California. The program connects truckers to participating lenders to help purchase trucks, PM filters, aerodynamic retrofits or low-rolling resistance tires. See: www.arb.ca.gov/ba/loan/on-road/on-road.htm

Equipment owners are encouraged to apply as early as possible to maximize potential funding options. See the TruckStop website’s “Financial Assistance” section for more funding information.

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QUICK TIPS

• All fleet owners who use flexibility options must report information about all vehicles in the California fleet into the Truck Regulation Up-load, Compliance, and Reporting System (TRUCRS). The reporting period is open from January 1 to January 31 of the compliance year.

• The Truck and Bus Regulation is based on the model year of the engine. Generally, the model year of an engine lags behind the model year of the truck. For example, a 2007 truck is likely to have a 2006 MY engine.

• Trucks without PM filters can qualify for the low-mileage usage exemption as long as the truck’s annual mileage stays below 5,000 total miles, or below 1,000 total annual miles within California. Odometer readings must be reported to ARB.

• Selecting and installing a diesel particulate filter (DPF), also known as a soot filter, for your truck takes time. Make sure to use only ARB-verified soot filters.

• The gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is assigned by the vehicle manufacturer and represents the maximum weight of the vehicle and what it can carry when fully loaded. This includes the weight of the vehicle plus fuel, passengers, cargo, and trailer tongue weight. Check the driver’s door post for the GVWR label. The GVWR is not the same as the unladen weight, gross combined weight rating, or registered weight rating.

• The Engine Family Name (EFN) can be found on the emission control label located on the engine. The EFN is typically 10 to 12 characters, however very old engines may have an EFN only a few characters long.

• Be aware that tampering with your engine can put you out of compliance with engine certification requirements and the Truck and Bus Regulation.

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Use TruckStop to find out what you need to do to comply and avoid penalties.

Sign up for free live training classes.

View short videos that explain diesel requirements and reporting systems.

See questions and answers from our diesel hotline generated by truckers like you.

Find out about diesel particulate filters.

Financial assistance may be available to help clean up your trucks, buses and equipment.

Register & Report

FAQs

Videos

Funding Answers

Training

DPF

Visit the TruckStop website at: www.arb.ca.gov/truckstop

NOT SURE IF YOUR DIESEL TRUCK, BUS OR EQUIPMENT COMPLIES WITH CALIFORNIA AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS?