A Glossary of Targum Onkelos

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A Glossary of Targum Onkelos


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Studies in the Aramaic

Interpretation of Scripture

Managing Editor

Paul V.M. Flesher

University of Wyoming

Editorial Board

Bruce Chilton

Bard College

Willem Smelik

University College, London

Johannes C. de MoorTheological University, Kampen

Moshe Bernstein

Yeshiva University

Josep Ribera

University of Barcelona

VOLUME 6


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A Glossary of Targum Onkelos

According to Alexander Sperbers Edition

By

Edward M. Cook

LEIDEN BOSTON

2008


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This book is printed on acid-free paper.

ISSN 1570-1336ISBN 978 90 04 14978 6

Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.

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printed in the netherlands


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ToS. A. Kaufman

il miglior fabbro


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CONTENTS

Introduction .........ixAbbreviations.......xviii

Glossary ............1Geographical Names .........308


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INTRODUCTION

The vocabulary of Targum Onkelos, the oldest extant Jewish Aramaic

translation of the Pentateuch, has been an object of study for centuries.

The Babylonian Talmud contains observations on particular words and

passages, and in the medieval period luminaries such as Maimonides and

Rashi used the targum extensively and made comments on its wording.

During the Renaissance, Elias Levitas Meturgeman (1541) inaugurated a

more systematic approach to Targumic Aramaic lexicography and

included a large part of Onkeloss vocabulary, with exemplification. He

was followed by others, including Johannes Buxtorfs Lexicon

chaldaicum, talmudicum et rabbinicum (1639-40), which, in various

editions, served scholars for several generations.1

In the modern period, the vocabulary of Onkelos has been treated by J.

Levy,2Marcus Jastrow,

3 and Gustav Dalman.

4Levys work was devoted

solely to the targumim, and included, besides Onkelos, the vocabulary of

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets, the Palestinian Targums known to him

(i.e., Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and the Fragment-Targum), and the

Targums to the Writings. Jastrow and Dalman, in the tradition of Buxtorf,

attempted to treat all the vocabulary found in rabbinic literature, both

Hebrew and Aramaic. Dalman evinced an awareness of the importance of

using reliable manuscripts, although he did not always do this

consistently; and, unlike his predecessors, Dalman cited his sources. For

Onkelos, he used Ms. Socin 84, in the possession of the Deutsche

Morgenlndische Gesellschaft.5

Still, although targum studies and Aramaic lexicography have made

great strides since the time of Dalman and Jastrow, no dictionary has ever

1 The most recent edition is Joannis Buxtorfii Lexicon chaldaicum, talmudicum et

rabbinicum, ed. B. Fischer (London: Asher, 1875).2J. Levy, Chaldisches Wrterbuch ber die Targumim, 2 vols. (1881; repr. Kln: Joseph

Melzer, 1959). [ChW]3 Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the

Midrashic Literature(New York: Putnam, 1903).4 G. H. Dalman, Aramisch-neuhebrisches Handwrterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und

Midrasch(Frankfurt: J. Kauffmann, 1901). [ANHW]5This manuscript appears in Sperbers apparatus as v.


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x

been solely dedicated to the vocabulary of Targum Onkelos. The

monumental dictionaries of Michael Sokoloff6have, in the main, treated

Jewish Aramaic dialects from a later time, while the more inclusive worksof Klaus Beyer

7and of Hoftijzer & Jongeling

8treat earlier dialects. The

still-evolving Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon is the first dictionary

since Jastrow in 1903 to include the vocabulary of Onkelos, but it is

included there within the general rubric of Jewish Literary Aramaic.

Hence, a lexical picture of this targum, the most widely used of all the

targums in Jewish history, still remains to be drawn.

There is, however, one main barrier to executing a complete scientific

lexicon of Targum Onkelos: the lack of a true critical edition. Although

Alexander Sperbers text and apparatus9was a great improvement on theeditions available up to that time, even he acknowledged that it was based

on a fraction10

of the extant manuscripts. In particular, he called the

readers attention to the important Ms. Ebr. 448 of the Vatican Library,

not employed by him in the text or apparatus, but which many scholars

now feel should be the basis of any future scientific edition of Onkelos,

along with the numerous fragments of Onkelos from the Cairo Geniza.

There also exists a masorato Onkelos, which should form part of such a

work.11

An exhaustively accurate picture of the grammar and vocabulary

of Onkelos can emerge only on the basis of such a critical edition.Nevertheless, as an interim survey of the targums vocabulary, I have

chosen to issue this glossary to Targum Onkelos according to Sperbers

edition, which uses British Museum Ms. Or. 2363 as base text. Although

6A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period (Ramat-Gan: Bar-

Ilan Univ. Press, 1990) [DJPA]; A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the

Talmudic and Geonic Periods (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan Univ. Press, 2002) [DJBA]; A

Dictionary of Judean Aramaic(Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan Univ. Press, 2003). [DJA]7 Klaus Beyer, Die aramischen Texte vom Toten Meer (Gttingen: Vandenhoeck &

Ruprecht, 1984; Band 2, 2004). [ATTM]8J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions, 2 vols.

(Leiden: Brill, 1995). [DNWSI]9Alexander Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic: Based on Old Manuscripts and Printed Texts.

Volume I, The Pentateuch According to Targum Onkelos(Leiden: Brill, 1959).10

Sperber, p. XVI.11

See Bernard Grossfeld, The Targum Onqelos to Genesis: Translated, with a CriticalIntroduction, Apparatus, and Notes(Aramaic Bible 6; Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier,

1988), 810; Michael Klein, The Masorah to Targum Onqelos(Targum studies, new ser.,

v. 1. Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications, Binghamton University, 2000).

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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xi

a new edition of Onkelos is necessary for a comprehensive account of the

lexicon, the consonantal text of Onkelos is generally considered stable

enough for such a survey and the picture is unlikely to be radicallychanged by new publications. The vocalization is a more complicated

issue, but the Yemenite tradition as recorded in Sperber can still provide a

useful baseline for further research. In the meantime, it is important for

students of targum and of the Aramaic dialects to be able to make

categorical statements about which words appear, and which do not, in

this targum.

The Problem of the Dialect of Onkelos

The problem of the dialect of Onkelos is entangled with the question of itsdate and its provenance. Since there is no reliable external evidence

bearing on the origin of the targum or its authorship, the Aramaic it uses

is a major part of the internal evidence on which any hypothesis of origins

must rely. However, there is still disagreement on how to characterize

this dialect, although the subject has been taken up many times over the

years.12

The hypothesis most favored today is that Targum Onkelos

originated in the West, in Palestine, in the second or third century CE, but

bears certain textual traces of long use and transmission in the Babylonian

academies of Eastern Jewry.13Still, this hypothesis does not answer all thequestions and different theories continue to be advanced from time to

time.14

This discussion will not be repeated here. It should be pointed out,

however, that the arguments have generally depended on grammatical

components of the dialect and not on lexical ones. The major exception is

Abraham Tals study of the language of Targum Jonathan to the Former

12

A survey of the discussion to 1978 is M. H. Goshen-Gottstein, The Language ofTargum Onqelos and the Model of Literary Diglossia in Aramaic, JNES37 (1978), 169-179.13

See, for instance, Klaus Beyer, The Aramaic Language: Its Distribution andSubdivisions (tr. John F. Healey; Gttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986), 21-23

(Babylonian Targumic Aramaic).14

E.g., Edward Cook, A New Perspective on the Language of Onkelos and Jonathan, inThe Aramaic Bible: Targums in Their Historical Context(eds. D. R. G. Beattie and M. J.

McNamara; JSOTSup 166; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994), 142-156; Christa

Mller-Kessler, The Earliest Evidence for Targum Onqelos from Babylonia and the

Question of its Dialect and Origin,Journal of the Aramaic Bible3 (2001), 181-198.


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Prophets,15

which discusses many lexemes that Targum Jonathan has in

common with Targum Onkelos, and his conclusion that Jonathan has a

Palestinian provenance is widely taken to apply to Onkelos as well.In fact, most of the words used by Onkelos do not align with any

particular dialect, and, of those that remain, many are found in other

targums due to the influence of Onkelos itself. For instance, in Onkelos

to Gen 49:17 the tribe of Dan is compared to a mrwj ywyj, a poisonousserpent. The word mrwj appears only here in Onkelos (and another fivetimes in Jonathan). The same word appears in the Palestinian targum

tradition to the same verse with the same reference, although the wording

is different. The word appears nowhere else in Jewish Palestinian

Aramaic (JPA).16

It seems likely that this is not a case of language

affinity, but of literary influence. Another example is the wordwqrksiegeworks, which appears once in Onkelos and once in Neofiti in the

same verse, Deut. 20:20, and nowhere else. Yet another example is the

adverb yfwljl, meaning approximately without recourse. It is used inOnkelos to Lev. 25:23, 30, in Neofiti and the Samaritan targum to the

same verses, and elsewhere in Aramaic not at all. This word, like the

others, could be a Western word shared by Onkelos, or it could be yet

another case of the influence of Onkelos.The same is true when the Hebrew text exercises its influence

throughout the targum tradition, as with, for example, the word awsq,libation jug, which is used in Aramaic form by both Onkelos and

Neofiti in the same three verses in which it appears in the Hebrew original

(Ex 25:29; 37:16; Num 4:7). Another example is in Deut 28:20, when the

Hebrew word hr:aem]curse, is re-used in Aramaic form by both Onkeos

and Neofiti. Here again there can be no question of using such cases to

portray any kind of dialect affinity.

Still, even when all the necessary caveats have been made, there is a

large group of words used by Onkelos that belong most commonly in the

15Tal, tymrah ybyn llkb hdmomw MynwCar Myaybnl Mwgrth NwCl [The Language of

the Targum of the Former Prophets and its Position within the Aramaic Dialects ] (Tel-

Aviv: Tel-Aviv University, 1975).16

See Sokoloff,DJPA215a, s.v.mrj. The word increases in use in Late Jewish LiteraryAramaic (LJLA), appearing in Tg. PsJin Gen 49:17; Ex 7:9-10, 12; Num 2:25; 21:6, 8;

Deut 32:24, 32.

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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xiii

Western dialects. There are words attested from earlier dialects and that

survive only in Western dialects such as adjl, dwqp, rwdm, fyvq, andyxyv as well as words that are known outside of Onkelos and Jonathanonly or principally in the Late Western dialects, such as wfvwa, yhla,yra conj., llgb, wlyhb, yrwkb, [yrpb, yktb, bbg, bwg, aywg,yrpwg,17rygII, arymg, wbbd, wkd, aldprep., atd, dwz, rwz, vrwj, rzj,tafj, alyj, ywpj, rj, byf, lf, rgy , yjy, wdly, vwbk, dylk, rtk,azgm, yhwmqdm, lhm, wnzwm, lwfm, rvym, wlm,[rlm, apnxm, aktm,wsyn, sn n., [n, tn, abwas, ypa rbs, ys end,wks, qwms,

dy[s, rs, aryb[, arbw[, yzw[, rmw[II, ayr[, yrwfyp, gwlyp, rwyx,yx, lbqn., ymdq, fqbalsam, amqI, brbr, xjwr, qwr, vfr, wyr,wmr,18 ytr, ryzv, ywyv, qv, adwt, wqyt, wtlt, amwqt.19 Thedistinctive Western ylwfqm pattern for the verbal noun20 is found inypwzmand ypwqvm. If Syriac were included with the Western dialects as aCentral, not Eastern, dialect, the list would be longer and would include

frequently used words such as hljd, bfy, vtkm, jlp, hrwbq,yq,llkv.

Therefore, the idea that the provenance of Onkelos is Western findssignificant support in a survey of its lexicon, just as Tal found with

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets. The Easternisms, by contrast, form a

more limited group, with such lexemes as wrdya, yrwhna, tyra,[wdmtva, yxwb II, trb,21syg, rgd, gnj, rfj, ly , zymrwk, dyk, ypwl,twm II, w[ vb., srwp, fr, fr, wvr II, yvr II, yrrbv, vgv, fwv I,btwt I. Sometimes older words that survive principally in the Easterndialects are used, such as vd, yzj, jlxI, rtsn.

Speaking statistically, then, Onkelos clearly has more Westernismsthan Easternisms. Nevertheless, there are certain absences that call into

17The Eastern equivalent isyrbk.

18The Eastern equivalent ismwr.

19Neither this list, nor the ones that follow, should be considered exhaustive.

20 See Michael Sokoloff, The noun pattern ylwfqm in Middle Western Aramaic

[Hebrew],Archive of the New Dictionary of Rabbinic Literature2 (1974), 74-84.21

The Western equivalent ishrbdaughter.


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question a simple assignment of Western provenance. For instance,

Onkelos knows nothing of the collocation rmaw hn[, answered and said,which is a prominent feature of all narrative with a Western provenance;

the targum uses instead rmaw byta. It also does not use PalestinianAramaic lbqlkfacing, corresponding, and, unlike Targum Jonathan, itnever uses wdk, now. Some typically Western lexemes it uses very rarely,such as rzj (four times) and llgb (once); the typically Palestiniancollocation d am lk also appears but once (Gen 20:16).22 As Mller-Kessler points out, the distinctive Western infinitives are also absent.

23

One must take into consideration the words only Onkelos has in

common with Syriac words or phrases such as yny[ tyb, byty(atbyty), tpk, tk, wlykn, rtn n., y[wv, rjv,[y[v, qyt and thelarge group of words that are found only or principally in the dialect of

Onkelos and Jonathan, such as tyg, qd[d, wyk, ydm, rygs, wp, mr,adyqpt, abwrqt, and many others.

Any account of the targums origin in the West must explain the

appearance of these unique or non-Western lexemes and the absence of

expected Western elements in the lexicon. It may be, as the prevailing

view has it, that originally Proto-Onkelos was more purely Western,and that in the course of transmission other lexemes were gradually

introduced into the text as we now have it. It is also possible that the

literary Aramaic of Onkelos (and Jonathan) was intentionally de-

regionalized, either in its origin or in its evolution, in an effort to appeal to

audiences across, or above, dialect boundaries. Whatever the truth may

be, it is hoped that this handbook will prove to be useful to scholars

seeking an answer.

The EntriesEach entry has the following components: the lemma, the part of speech,

the gloss, and the loanword status. If the word occurs ten or fewer times in

the targum, a list of references (according to the versification of the

Masoretic Text) is given.

22 For comparison, Neofiti uses rzj 213 times and llgb 137 times, while d hm lk

appears 48 times. Targum Jonathan uses rzj27 times, but llgband d hm lknot at all.23

Earliest Evidence, 185 n. 17.

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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xv

The lemmas are given in alphabetical order, not by root order, and are

based on the standard consonantal orthography of Onkelos. Noun lemmas

are given, with supralinear vocalization, in the singular absolute; if thesingular absolute is not used in the targum, the lemma is not vocalized,

and an inflected form, usually in the singular emphatic state, is given with

vocalization. Sometimes inflected forms are given in any case, with

vocalization, in order to display the morphophonemic alternations that

take place with inflection. Verb lemmas are given without vocalization.

Other lexemes are given, with vocalization, in their most common form.

Where confusion might result because of more than one common

orthography, a cross-reference is given.

The gloss is based on the usage of the word in Onkelos only. Forverbs, the glosses are followed by indications of which stem (binyan) is

associated with the gloss.

After the entry, occasionally further comments are given if the

vocalization, etymology, derivation, usage, or other features of the lexeme

call for them.

The final component of the entry is the references by abbreviation and

page number to the same or similar lexeme in the standard scientific

dictionaries of the Aramaic dialects. The order of these references

follows a roughly chronological, WesttoEast structure: Old, Imperial,and Middle Aramaic (represented by DNWSI and ATTM), Biblical

Aramaic (with references to Vogt),24

Jewish Aramaic (represented by

DJA, DJPA, and DJBA), Samaritan Aramaic (DSA),25

Christian

Palestinian Aramaic (LSp),26

Syriac (LS2),27

and Mandaic (MD).28

Occasionally other lexica or grammars provide different or fuller

information, and they are used instead, such as Levy (ChW), Jastrow,

Dalman (ANHW) for the Jewish dialects, the grammar of Christa Mller-

Kessler (GCPA)29

for Christian Palestinian Aramaic, or Payne Smiths

24 E. Vogt,Lexicon linguae aramaicae Veteris Testamenti documentis antiquis illustratum

(Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1971).25

A. Tal,A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2000. [DSA]26

F. Schulthess,Lexicon Syropalaestinum(Berlin: G. Reimer, 1903). [LSp]27

C. Brockelmann, Lexicon syriacum, 2nd ed. (1928; repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1966).

[LS2]28

E. S. Drower and R. Macuch,A Mandaic Dictionary(Oxford: Clarendon, 1963). [MD]29C. Mller-Kessler, Grammatik des Christlich-Palstinisch-Aramischen 1: Schriftlehre,

Lautlehre, Formenlehre(Hildesheim: Olms, 1991). [GCPA]


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Thesaurus Syriacus (P-S)30

for Syriac. When the dictonaries of Sokoloff

indicate that a certain word is found only in targumic sources (for JPA) or

only in the magic bowls (for JBA), I have included that information, sincethe targum dialect and the bowls dialect are distinct from the standard

language with which they are treated.

When the lexeme is a loanword, the dictionary references are preceded

by an indication of the lexeme in the source language. For the loanwords

from Akkadian, I have relied on S. A. KaufmansAkkadian Influences on

Aramaic.31

In the case of Hebrew, two kinds of references may be found. If the

lexeme is judged to be a direct loan from Hebrew, the reference to the

source word will be found before the list of dictionary references, as withloanwords from Greek and Akkadian. If the lexeme is not considered to

be a Hebrew loanword, it may still be judged of interest that a cognate

exists in Biblical or Mishnaic Hebrew. In such cases, the cognate is listed

after the Aramaic dictionary references. Citations from the Mishnah are

according to the Kaufmann MS.32

The geographical terms that are not simply repetitions of the same

terms of the Hebrew text are included in a separate section.

The Hebrew words that each lexeme translates are not given in this

glossary. Although such equivalents are an important part of the study ofthis or any other targum, they are already available to the scholar from

other sources. Kasovskys concordance33

is the most comprehensive guide

to such equivalents for Targum Onkelos, and Emil Bredereks volume34

gives the same information in briefer form. Even more readily accessible

is the Targumic Studies page available at the Comprehensive Aramaic

30 R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1879, 1901). [P-S,

cited by column.]31

Kaufman, The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute, Assyriological

Studies 19; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1974). Cited as Kaufman.32

The basic publication is G. Beer, Faksimile-Ausgabe des Mischnakodex Kaufmann A50

(Haag, 1929), as reproduced in the MISHNA module, edited and tagged by Martin Abegg,

Jr., in Accordance Bible Software 7.4, Altamonte Springs, FL, 2007.33Ch. J. Kasovsky, swlqnwa wgrtl ayxndrwqnwq :wgrth rxwa{Jerusalem: MosadHa-Rav Kook, 1940).34

E. Brederek, Konkordanz zum Targum Onkelos(BZAW 9; Giessen: Tpelmann, 1906).

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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xvii

Lexicon (CAL) website, where one can search for the targumic reflexes

both by the Aramaic lemma and the Biblical Hebrew lemma.35

This glossary was compiled from concordances created by the

Accordance software Targum Module, which was created on the basis

of files supplied to Oaktree Software by the Comprehensive Aramaic

Lexicon. The lemmas have been checked, corrected, and re-checked

against Sperbers publication of Onkelos. The author wishes to gratefully

acknowledge the help and support of Roy Brown of Oaktree Software

during the compiling of the initial word-list that formed the basis of the

glossary.

Besides the constant help given by the magisterial publications sooften cited herein, the author wishes to acknowledge insight gained in the

discussion of individual words with S. A. Kaufman, Douglas Gropp,

Jerome A. Lund, Moshe Bernstein, Renaud Kuty, Willem Smelik, and

Yona Sabar. Any infelicities of expression or errors of fact or

interpretation are the sole responsibility of the author. The author wishes

to express special thanks to Paul V. M. Flesher for accepting this volume

for publication in the series Studies in the Aramaic Interpretation of

Scripture.

35The URL as of January 2008 is http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/targumstartpage.html.


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ABBREVIATIONS

abs. absoluteadj. adjective

adv. adverb

Akk. Akkadian

ANHW Dalman,Aramisch-neuhebrisches

Handwrterbuch

aph. Aphel

ATTM Beyer,Die aramischen Texte vom Toten Meer,

1984, 2004

b. Babylonian TalmudBek. Bekhoroth

BH Biblical Hebrew

BL H. Bauer & P. Leander, Grammatik des Biblisch-

Aramischen, Halle, 1927

CAL Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

cf. confer

ChW J. Levy, Chaldisches Wrterbuch ber die

Targumim

col. columnconj. conjunction

const. construct

cp. compare

demon. demonstrative

Deut Deuteronomy

div. divinitatis

DJA M. Sokoloff,Dictionary of Judean Aramaic,

2003

DJBA Sokoloff,Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian

Aramaic, 2002

DJPA Sokoloff,Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian

Aramaic, 1990

DNWSI Hoftijzer & Jongeling,Dictionary of the North-

West Semitic Inscriptions, 1995

DSA Tal,Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic, 2000

DSD Dead Sea Discoveries

EDWARD COOK

EDWARD COOK


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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xix

du. dual

emph. emphatic

Eruv. EruvinEx Exodus

f. feminine

fg. fragment

FTP Fragment Targum, Ms. Paris, Bibliothque

Nationale 110

FTV Fragment Targum, Ms. Vat. Ebr. 440

GBA F. Rosenthal, Grammar of Biblical Aramaic,

Wiesbaden 1974

GCPA Mller-Kessler, Grammatik des Christlich-Palstinisch-Aramischen

Gen Genesis

gent. gentilic

geog. geographical

Git. Gittin

Gk. Greek

GVG C. Brockelmann, Grundriss der vergleichenden

Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen, Berlin,

1908, 1913Hal. Hallah

HALOT J. Koehler, W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm,

Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old

Testament, Leiden, 1994-2000

Heb. Hebrew

Hul. Hullin

indecl. indeclinable

indep. independent

inf. infinitiveinterj. interjection

interr. interrogative

ishtaph. ishtaphel

ithpa. ithpaal

ithpa. ithpaal.

ithpalp. ithpalpal

ithpe. ithpeel


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ithpo. ithpoel

ittaph. Ittaphal

JANES Journal of the Near Eastern Society of ColumbiaUniversity

JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society

Jastrow Jastrow,Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmudim

and Midrashic Literature

JBA Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies

JPA Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

SupplementsJTS Journal of Theological Studies

LBH Late Biblical Hebrew

Lev Leviticus

LS2 Brockelmann,Lexicon syriacum, 2nd edition

LSp Schulthess,Lexicon Syropalaestinum

LXX Septuagint

m. masculine

m. Mishnah

Maas. MaaserMD Drower-Macuch

Meg. Megillah

mg marginal gloss

MH Mishnaic Hebrew

Midd. Middoth

Moed. Qa. Moed Qatan

MS manuscript

MT Masoretic Text

n. nounNum Numbers

num. numeral

pa. pael

pa. pael

palp. palpel

part. particle

pe. peal

EDWARD COOK


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GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS xxi

Pers. Persian

pl. plural

po. poelpol. polel

pron. pronoun

P-S Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus

PsJ Pseudo-Jonathan

ptcp. participle

q.v. quod vide

QA Qumran Aramaic

R Recto

s.th. somethings.v. sub verbum

SamTg Samaritan Targum

suff. suffix

t. Tosephta

Tg. Targum

TJ Targum Jonathan

TN Targum Neofiti

TO Targum Onkelos

var. variant readingvb. verb

Vogt E. Vogt,Lexicon linguae aramaicae Veteris

Testamenti, 1971


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a

ba, emph. ab;yain. m. fruit, produce [Akk.][Akk. inbu(Kaufman 58); DNWSI3 #2; Vogt 11 s.v. bna; ATTM1:515,2:348 s.v. bna; DJBA73 aba#3. DSA2 s.v. bya; LS21.]

ba', emph. ab;a',1pl. abs. h;b;a]n. m. father, ancestor[DNWSI4 #1; Vogt 1; ATTM 1:503; DJA29; DJPA 31; DJBA72; LSp1;

DSA1; LS21; MD1.]

dba vb. to perish (pe.), destroy (pa., aph.)[DNWSI4 #1; Vogt 1; ATTM 1:504, 2:341; DJA29; DJPA 32; DJBA73;

LSp1; DSA2; LS21.]

bwba, emph. ab;wbua]n. m. fluteGen 4:21.

Sperber always has a reduced vowel in the first syllable; but cp. MH bWBa'(e.g., m.Shabb. 14:3).

[DJPA 32 (TNGen 4:21); DJBA74; LS21.]

1The formab;a'has the meaning my father; whether this is father in the emphatic state

(as seems likely) or has another derivation, see J. Barr, JTSn.s. 39 (1988), 28-47.


25/336

EDWARD COOK2

jyfba, pl. emph. ay:j'yfib'a]n. m. melonNum 11:5.[TO uses the Hebrew form of the word; DJPA 91 s.v. jyfb; DSA93 s.v.jfb; LS2563 s.v. )Xy+P.]

yba vb. to be willing (pe.)[ATTM 1:504, 2:341; DSA3.]

byba, emph. ab;ybia]n. m. month of Abib (March-April)Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deut 16:1.[DJPA 32; DJA29; cf. DSA2 s.v. yabyba.]

bybia'n. m. ripening grainEx 9:31, Lev 2:14.

[ATTM 1:503; DSA2.]

adyba,emph. at;d]ybea]n. f. lost itemEx 22:8; Lev 5:22-23; Deut 22:3.

[DJPA 33; DJBA74; DSA3 s.v. hdba; LS22.]

lyba, emph. al;ybia]n. m. mournerGen 37: 35; Lev 13:45.

[Functions as the pe. ptcp. of lba; ATTM 1:504; DJPA 33; DJBA75; LSp2; LS22.]

lba vb. to mourn (ithpa.)Gen 37:34; Ex 33:4; Num 14:39.

[ATTM 1:504, 2:341; DJPA 33; DJBA75; DSA4; LSp2; LS22.]

lb'ae,emph. al;bain. m. mourningGen 27:41; 50:10-11; Deut 26:14; 34:8.



26/336

GLOSSARY OF ONKELOS 3

b'a', emph. an:ba'n. f. stone[DNWSI 6; Vogt 1; ATTM 1:504, 2:341; DJA 29; DJPA 33; DJBA 75;

DSA4; LSp2; LS23.]

ay[wb[ba, pl. abs. y:['wbo[b'a]n. f. swellingEx 9:9, 10.

[Cp.DJBA191 s.v. at;[}WB; LS282 )OBOwB.]

ba n. m. See b[.

qba, emph. aq;ba'n. m. fine dustEx 9:9, Deut 28:24.

[DJPA 33; DJBA76; DSA5; LS23.]

rba, emph. ar;b;a', ar;b;a]n. m. lead (metal)Ex 15:10 (var. arbh),2Num 31:22.[ATTM 1:504; DJPA 33; DJBA76; DSA5; LS23; MD1.]

rb'ae,emph. ar;bai, var. pl. emph. ay:r;ba'n. m. limb,member

[DNWSI7 #2; ATTM 1:504, 2:342; DJPA 33; DJBA109; DSA5; LSp2;

LS24; MD341.]

rygIa], emph. ar;ygia]n. m. hireling[ATTM 1:505; DJPA 34; DJBA79; DSA6 s.v.

rga; LSp3; LS25; MD

6.]

ga, pl. emph. ay:m'g"a', var. ay:m'ga'n. m. swampEx 7:19, 8:1.

2 For the variant, see the incantaton bowl cited by Mller-Kessler, Earliest Evidence,

196.


27/336

EDWARD COOK4

[The traditions vary on whether the second vowel reduces when un-stressed.

Cp. Akkadian agammu (Kaufman 33), BHyMig"a}. DNWSI 9; ATTM1:504; DJPA 34b meadow; DJBA79; DSA6; LS24; MD5.]

rga vb. to hire (pe.), be hired as laborer (ithpa.)Gen 30:16; Deut 23:5.

[DNWSI10 #1; ATTM 1:505; DJPA 35; DJBA79; DSA6; LSp3; LS24;

MD6.]

rg"a], emph. ar'ga'n. m. wages, reward[ATTM 1:505, 2:342; DJA29; DJPA 34; DJBA80; DSA6; LSp3; LS24;MD6.]

ayda, emph. at;wyUd;a'n. f. sprinklingNum 19:9, 13, 20-21; 31:23.

[Nominalized Aphel inf. from ydn(q.v.).; DJPA 35.]

rydia'adj. majestic [Heb.]Ex 15:6, 11.[BH ryDia'; DJPA35 (targumic only); cf. DJBA81 s.v. atwryda.]

ar;k;d]ai, emph. at;r]k;dain. f. memorial portion of offeringIf simply a calque from BH hr:K;za', then the vocalization of the firstsyllable which suggests a nominalized ithpe. inf. from rkdis difficult.But the variant readings often have ar;k;da'.[DJPA35; DJBA81; cp. DJA29; DSA181 s.v. wrkda.]

amda, emph. at;md'a]n. f. soil [Heb.]Gen 2:5, 6, Ex 20:21.

[BH hm;d:a}; DJPA 36; DSA9; LS26.]

da, emph. an:dwaun. f. ear[DNWSI26 s.v. }zn#2; ATTM 1:505, 2:342, DJPA 36; DJBA85; DSA9;

LSp3; LS26; MD342.]


28/336


rda, emph. ar;d]yain. m. threshing floorGen 50:10-11; Num 15:20; 18:27, 30; Deut 15:14; 16:13.

[DNWSI18 #2; Vogt 3; ATTM 1:505, 2:342; DJPA 36; DSA10; LSp3;

LS26.]

waoconj. or[DNWSI21; ATTM 1:506, 2:342; DJA29; DJPA 37; DJBA83; DSA12;

LSp4; LS27.]

dwa n. f. See da.

yrijwao, emph. at;n}r;jwUaadj. another (f.)[Vogt 5, ATTM 1:508, 2:344 s.v. yrja; DJA30; DJPA 38; cf. DJBA105;DSA20 s.v. yrwj; LSp53 s.v. h!wrn, MD137 s.v.hurintia.]

rjwa adj. See rja.

rywEa'n. m. air [Gk.]Deut 4:17.[Gk. a)h&r; ATTM 1:506 s.v. rwa; DJPA 38 s.v. rywwa; DJBA87; DSA13open space; cf. LSp1, LS21 s.v. r)).]

lkwa, suff. 3 m. sg. hylekwaun. m. dungEx 29:14; Lev 1:16; 4:11; 8:17; 16:27; Num 19:5.

[DSA 28 (one var. of SamTg); a homograph of this word means food, cf.

DJPA38.]

k;wauadj. blackLev 13:31, 37.

[ATTM 1:510, 2:346 s.v.wka; DJPA 39; DJBA88; LSp8; LS218; MD343.]

p;lwaun. m. instruction


29/336

EDWARD COOK6

[ATTM 2: 347; DJPA 39; DJPA 89; DJBA89; DSA 38 s.v. pla; LSp10; cf. LS2)NPLwY.]

amwa, pl. const. ymewaun. f. peopleGen 25:16; Num 25:15.

[Vogt 9 s.v. hma; ATTM 1:513, 2:348 s.v. hma; DJPA 39; DJBA 91;DSA40; LS224.]

m;wau, emph. an:m;waun. m. artisan [Akk.][Akk. ummanu (Kaufman 109); DNWSI 71 s.v. }mn#2; ATTM 1:513 s.v.

ma; DJPA 40; DJBA90; DSA42; LSp11; LS225; MD344.]

wnmwa, cstr.twnUm;wau, pl. abs. w:n:mwau, var. w:n}m;wau n. f. design,craft

Ex 31:4-5; 35:32-33, 35.

[DJPA 40; DJBA90; DSA42; LSp11; LS225.]

rxwa, pl. abs. yrIx]waon. m. storehouseGen 41:47, 56; Ex 1:11; Deut 28:8, 12; 32:34.

[DNWSI24; ATTM 1:506; DJPA 41; DSA59; LSp17; LS244.]

jr'wao, pl. abs.j;rwaon. f. way, road[DNWSI106 s.v. }rh!#2; Vogt 16; ATTM 1:522, 2:355; DJA33; DJPA 42;

DJBA94; DSA60; LSp17; LS247.]

yrwa, emph.ay:r'waun. m. pl. Urim, sacred lot [Heb.]

Ex 28:30; Lev 8:8; Num 27:21; Deut 33:8.

[BHyrIWa; DJPA 43; DSA14.]

at;yr;waon. f. law, Torah[Nominalized aphel inf. from the Heb. root yry; never appears in theabsolute state. DNWSI24 (JPA); DJA 30;DJPA 42; DJBA95; DSA360

s.v. yrwa(one SamTgMS); LS249; MD346.]


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r;wao, emph. ak;rwau n. m. length[DNWSI108 s.v. }rk#2; Vogt 17 s.v.

ra; ATTM 1:522, 2:355 s.v.

ra;

DJA33 s.v. ra; DJPA 43; DJBA96; DSA62 s.v. ra; LSp18; LS249;MD346.]

wkrwa, cstr.twkur;wao, var.twkyrwa n. f. lengtheningDeut 30:20.

[Nominalized aphel inf. from ra(q.v.); DSA62.]

wfvwa, cstr.twfu;waon. f. stretching out, only in dy"twfu;wOa,undertaking.Deut 12:7,18; 15:10; 23:21; 28:8, 20.

[Nominalized aphel inf. from fvy; DJPA 43; cp. LSp87 s.v.yst!.]

dgza, pl. abs. ydig"zain. m. human messenger [Pers.]Gen 32:3, 6; Num 20:14; 21:21; 22:5; 24:12; Deut 2:26.

[For the Persian etymology, see Tal,Language, 14 n. 155; DJPA 43; DJBA

112; LS29; MD40 s.v. asganda.]

lzavb. to go, go away, walk (pe.)[DNWSI25; Vogt 3; ATTM 1:506, 2:343; DJA30; DJPA 43; DJBA100;

DSA15; LSp5; LS210; MD12.]

ydigr'm'zain. m. emerald [Gk.]Ex 28:18, 39:11.

[Gk. smara&gdinoj; cf. DJPA 179, DSA234, LS2200 s.v. dgrmz; LS235s.v. )dGrMS).]

ja', suff. 3 m. sg. yhiwjua]pl. abs. yjia'n. m. brother,kinsman

[DNWSI28; Vogt 4; ATTM 1:506, 2:343; DJA30; DJPA 45; DJBA102;

DSA18; LSp5; LS210; MD8.]


31/336

EDWARD COOK8

aja, emph. at;j;a]n. f. sister[ATTM 1:507, 2:343; DJPA 46; DJBA106; DSA18; LSp5; LS210; MD

8.]

bja, suff. 3 m. sg. yhiwbuja', var. yhwba ja n. m. paternal uncleLev 10:4; 18:14; 20:20; 25:49.

[Compound of ba+ ja; ATTM 1:507; cf. DJBA102.]

dja vb. to bind, grasp; shut door (pe.); to be held (ithpa.)[DNWSI35 s.v. }h

!

z; ATTM 1:507, 2:344; DJA30; DJPA 45; DJBA103;DSA17; LSp5; LS211; MD8.]

wja, emph. aw:ja'n. f. meadowGen 41:2, 18.

[DNWSI35; DSA18 (SamTgonly).]

adwja, cstr.td'wjua]n. f. propertyNum 27:7, 32:2, 35:2, 8.

[ANHW12.]

rwjoa] n. m. back; yrewjoa] prep. after, behind, westwards;yrwjal, suff. 2 m. sg.r;wjoal'prep. behind

Gen 18:10, 19:17; Ex 26:12 (noun); 33:8; Num 3:23; Deut 11:30.

[DJPA 46, 274 (yrwjal); DJBA 103; DSA 19 s.v. rja; LSp 9 s.v.lh!wry}; MD9, 343.]

an:s;ja'n. f. inheritance[DJPA 46 (principally targumic); DJBA104; DSA287 s.v. hnsj.]

rja vb. to tarry, make something tarry (pa., aph.). lag behind(ithpa.)

In Sperber, the Pael and Aphel are differentiated formally only, the Pael used

in the imperfect and participle, the Aphel used in the perfect and infinitive.


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r;j;a;, r;jwau, emph. an:r;jwauadj. another (m.)[DNWSI 41; Vogt 5; ATTM 1:508, 2:344; DJA 30; DJPA 38; cf. LSp 5

s.v. h!wrn; cf. DJBA105 s.v. anyrja.]

wfa, pl. + suff. 3 m. pl. whoynEwfua]n. m. cordEx 35:18; 39:40; Num 3:26, 37; 4:26, 32.

[DJBA107; DSA21 (SamTgonly); MD13.]

ffa, pl. abs. yfifa', var. ydfa n. m. thistleGen 3:18.

[DSA21; LSp6; MD13; cf. P-Scol. 1001 s.v. )++h.]

wboyai,var. ab;ain. m. unclean bird (ibis?)3Lev 11:19, Deut 14:18.

[Egyptian hb?; DJPA 47; DSA22 s.v. yby[(SamTgLev 11:17).]

rwgOyaen. m. pagan altar [Akk.]Ex 34:13; Deut 7:5; 12:3.

[Assyrian Akk. egurru(< ekurru) (Kaufman 48). DNWSI9 s.v. }gwr; DJBA

110 (uncertain);DSA12 s.v. rgwa(SamTgEx 34:13 only), 23.]

rg:yain. m. top, roof [Akk.]Ex 30:3; 37:26; Deut 22:8.

[Akk. igaru (Kaufman 57); DNWSI12 s.v. }gr#4; ATTM 1:505 s.v. rga;DJPA 48; DJBA110; DSA7; LSp3; LS25; MD353.]

wrodyain. m. chamber [Pers.?]Gen 43:30; Ex 7:28.

3Tg. PsJat Deut 14:13 readswbya ayhd atmkwaw arwyj atyyd, the white orblack kite, which is the ibbo.


33/336

EDWARD COOK10

[Derived from Middle Persian andaron, according to DJBA; but possibly

derived from Gk. a)ndrw&n the mens apartment in a house, the banqueting

hall, etc. (Liddell & Scott). See P-S 42 s.v. )Nwrd); Tal, Language, 187;DNWSI 19 (Palmyrene); DJBA 111; DSA 10 (SamTg var.); LS2 6; MD

353.]

bwzya, emph. ab;wzOyaen. m. hyssopEx 12:22; Lev 14:4, 6, 49, 51-52; Num 19:6, 18.

[DJPA 48 (targumic only); DSA15 (SamTg only); cf. LS2193 s.v.

)Pwz.]

ak;yae, var.akyh interr. where?Gen 37:16.

[P-S col. 150; SamTg A has ya at Gen 37:16 (not found in DSA); BHhk;yae, hkoyae.]

ydek]yaeinterr. how?[DJPA 164 s.v. dkh; cf. Vogt 6 s.v. ya, ATTM 1:561 s.v. hkyh; DJBA377 s.v. ykyh; DSA205 s.v. h.]

lya, emph. al;ya'n. m. male deerDeut 12:15, 22; 14:5; 15:22.

[DNWSI45 #3; ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJPA 48; DSA23; LS215; cf. LSp

6b }y}l}female deer.]

al;yaeconj. but, exceptEx 15:11, Deut 33:26.

[DJPA 58, DJBA 132 s.v. ala; DSA 31 s.v. ala; LSp 8; LS220; MD350; MH aL;a,.]

wluyaiconj. if (irreal condition with perfect)Gen 46:30; Num 12:14; Deut 32:29.

[DJPA 49; DJBA115; DSA 33; LSp 9; LS2 21; BH, MH WLai.See also:ylwla, wp wlya, wp al wlya, wlyak.]


34/336


wpoal;wluyai, var. wpylwlya conj. if not (irreal condition)Gen 31:42; Deut 32:27.

[See also wp.]

wpowluyaiconj. if (irreal condition with perfect)Gen 43:10, Lev 10:19; Num 22:29, 33.

[See also wp.]

l;yai, emph. an:l;yain. m. tree[DNWSI46; Vogt 6; ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJA30; DJPA 50; DJBA116;DSA24; LSp7; LS215; MD351 s.v. {lana.]

am;yae, emph. at;m]yaen. f. terror, aweGen 9:2; 15:12; 49:17; Ex 15:16; 23:27; Deut 11:25.

[ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJPA 50; DJBA118; DSA24.]

rm'yaen. m. utteranceNum 24:3-4, 15-16.[DJPA 50; DJBA117 s.v. armya #3 (bowls only); MD353.]

rm'yai, rm'ai, emph. ar;m]yain. m. lamb[DNWSI78 s.v. }mr#3; ATTM 1:515 s.v. rma; DJA30; DJPA 50; DJBA117; DSA44; LSp12; LS226; MD352.]

armya, emph. at;rm'yain. f. ewe lambLev 5:6; 14:10; Num 6:14.[ATTM 1:515 s.v. hrma; DJPA 50; DJBA117; DSA44; LSp12.]

tmya,m. pl. cstr. ynEt;m]yaeadj. terrifyingGen 14:5; Deut 2:10-11.

[Vogt 6; ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJPA 51.]

wnya pers. pron. See wna.


35/336

EDWARD COOK12

ydwsya, cstr.ydewsoyae, var.ydwsyn. m.pl. floorNum 5:17.

[ATTM2:411 s.v. dwsy; DJPA 242 s.v. ydwsy; DSA350. See also dwsy.]

rs;yai, rs;yae,rs;ain. m. bindingNum 30:3-6, 8,11-15.

[DNWSI91 s.v. }sr#3; Vogt 14; ATTM 1:519, 2:352; DJA33; DJPA68;

DJBA123; LSp15; LS237; MD28.]

arsya, pl. abs. r;s;yaen. f. bunch, sheafGen 37:7; Ex 12:22.[DJBA151 s.v. atrsa(bowl).]

dwpya n. m. See dwpa.

a;yai, emph. at;;yain. f. fire[DNWSI 121-122 s.v. }s, }sh; Vogt 18; ATTM 1:524, 2:345; DJPA 54;

DJBA126; LSp20; LS252; MD357.]

tyaipart. there exists, there is[DJPA 54; DJBA126; DSA 25b LSp 7; LS2 16; MD348; for ytya, seeDNWSI50; Vogt 6; ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJA30.]

at;yai, emph. at;t]yai, pl. abs. yin} n. f. woman, wife[DNWSI 115 s.v. }s #1; Vogt 115 s.v. yvn; ATTM 1:518, 2:351, s.v.htna; DJA 32 s.v. htna; DJPA 56; DJBA 128; LSp 14; LS2 35; MD354.]

wtuyai, wtuai, var. wtna,wtnya n. f. wifehood, matrimony, onlyin the phrasewtuyail], into (the state of) matrimony.

[DNWSI 86 s.v. }ntw;ATTM 1:518, 2:351 s.v. wtna; DJA32 s.v. wtna;DJPA 56; DJBA120 s.v. atwtnya; cf. m.Ketub. 4:8 WTnyail].]


36/336


yrzka, m. pl. abs. yair;z}ka'adj. cruelDeut 32:33.

[DJPA 56; DJBA129; BHyrIz:k]a'.]

lka vb. to eat (pe.), to feed (aph.), to be eaten (ithpe.)[DNWSI51; Vogt 7; ATTM 1:509, 2:345; DJA31; DJPA 56; DJBA129;

DSA28; LSp7; LS217; MD16.]

laen. m. God[DNWSI53 #1; ATTM1:510, 2:346; DJPA 58 (targumic only); DSA 30;P-Scol. 150 s.v.LY).]

ala conj. See alya.

hl;a], emph. ah;l;a]n. m. God, god[DNWSI57; Vogt 8; ATTM 1:510, 2:346; DJA31; DJPA 59; DJBA133;

DSA32; LSp8; LS221; MD18.]

yhiloa]n. m. pl. God [Heb.]Never used in TO independently of the MT.

[BHyhila; yhwlain 4Q244fg. 12:2; DSA33.]

yhel;a], var. yhlya conj. but; exceptThe spelling and vocalization in the Jewish Palestinian Aramaic Geniza

targum fragments (e.g., heAaL;ya4) suggests a derivation from h+alya(soDJPA), as in Syriac n) )L).5The vocalization in Sperber, however,

points to a different etymology, one connected with Official and Biblical

Aramaic hel;.6

4Oxford Bodleian Ms. Heb b 4, Gen 32:27.5See also Steven E. Fassberg, A Grammar of the Palestinian Targum Fragments from the

Cairo Genizah(Harvard Semitic Studies 38; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990), 198 (#157g).6

See the discussion in Tal,Language, 33.


37/336

EDWARD COOK14

[DJPA 59 s.v. hla;;; DSA3 s.v. ala; see DNWSI566 s.v. lhn; Vogt 94,ATTM1:564, 2:386, DJA60 s.v. hl.]

wla conj. See wlya.

ylewluaiconj. if not for (expresses irreal condition)Ex 4:26.

[DNWSI570 s.v. lwl}; DJPA 49; DSA33; BH yleWl.]

ayla, emph. at;y}la', var. at;yLia'n. f. fat tail of sheepEx 29:22; Lev 3:9; 7:3; 8:25; 9:19. For the variant, see Levy, ChWI:30.

[DJPA 59 s.v. hyyla, DJBA134 s.v. atyla; DSA34; LS221; MD20.]

wyOlain. m. thumb; big toe[DJPA 59, DJBA115 s.v. an:yy:l]yai; MD351.]

lyla, pl. emph.yleylia'n. m. spyGen 42:9, 11, 14, 16, 31, 34.[P-Scol. 209.]

yleaidemon. pron. these; yleaih;adj. these[DNWSI 333 s.v. znh; Vogt 9, ATTM 1:511, 2:347 s.v. la; DJA 31;DJPA153 s.v. d; DJBA115; cf. GCPA71 (hlyn).]

lla vb. to spy (pa.)[DJPA60 (TNDeut 1:24 only), 288 s.v. llam(TNGen 32:7 only).]

yla, emph. am;yleaiadj. muteEx 4:11.

[DJPA50, DJBA116 s.v.lya; BHLeai.]


38/336


la vb. to learn (pe.), to teach (pa.)[DNWSI 64 #1; ATTM 1:512, 2:347; DJPA 60, DJBA 136; LSp 9; LS2

22; MD21.]

l'a', pl. abs. ypila'n. m. thousand[DNWSI65 #5; Vogt 9; ATTM 1:512, 2:347; DJPA60, DJBA136; LSp

10; LS222; MD21.]

a, emph. am;yai, am;ain. f. mother[DNWSI66 #1; ATTM 1:512, 2:347; DJA31; DJPA61; DJBA116; LSp

10; LS223; MD352.]

aiconj. if (real condition)Attested rarely in QA (4Q3188:9) and other Judaean desert texts (e.g., Mur

20 fg. 1 i R:6,8;XHev/Se23 fg. 1 R:6;XHev/Se50 fg. d R:5).

[ATTM 1:512, 2:347; DJA31; DJPA61; DJBA137.]

am;a;, emph. at;ma', pl. abs. h;ma'n. f. maidservant[DNWSI70 s.v. }mh#2; ATTM 1:513, 2:348; DJPA6 s.v. hhma, DJBA142; LSp11; LS224; MD23.]

ama, emph. at;m]a', pl. abs. ymia'n. f. cubit[DNWSI 69 s.v }mh #1; Vogt 9; ATTM 1:513, 2:348; DJPA 61; DJBA

142; LSp11; LS224; MD21.]

whuma'n. f. servitude, status of maidservantGen 29:24, 29, Ex 21:7.[DJBA139; LS224.]

afyma, emph. at;f]ymia]n. f. dark cloudEx 20:18, Deut 4:11, 5:22.

[DJPA62, cf. DJBA140 s.v. atyma(bowl).]


39/336

EDWARD COOK16

mea;interj. Amen!, surely [Heb.][BH

mea;; DNWSI 72 #5; ATTM 1:513, 2:348; DJBA140; LSp 11; LS2

25; MD22.]

rma vb. to say (pe.), be said (ithpe.)[DNWSI73; Vogt 10; ATTM 1:514, 2:348; DJA31; DJPA63; DJBA140;

LSp11; LS226; MD23.]

rma n. m. See rmya.

lkrma, emph. al;k]rm'a'n. m. temple official [Pers.]Num 3:32.

The earlier form lkrmh occurs in QA (4Q196 fg. 2:7) where it meanstreasurer, accountant. It is derived from Persian hamarakar, which appears

as rkrmh in the Elephantine papyri (e.g., Cowley 26:4). Compare MHyliWkrm'(m.Sheqal. 5:2).7[See DNWSI284 s.v. hmrkr; ATTM2:385 s.v. lkrmh.]

ytim'ai, ytim'yaiadv. when [Akk.]Gen 30:30; Ex 8:5; 10:3,7; 16:28; Num 14:11, 27.

[Akk. immati< inamati (Kaufman 58); in later dialects the unaccented final

y_ is dropped.8 ATTM 1:515; DJPA 50, DJBA 117 s.v.tmya; DSA 44;LSp12; LS227; MD352; MH yt'M;ae.]

a;interr. adv. where; a;l]adv. whitherGen 3:9; 4:9; 18:9; 19:5; 22:7; 38:21; Ex 2:20; Deut 32:37.[ATTM 1:515, 2:349; DJPA 166 s.v. h, 278 s.v. hl; DJBA 143(dialectal); DSA45 s.v. ha; LSp12.]

7See J. C. Greenfield, *Hamarakara> Amarkal, inAl Kanfei Yonah: Collected Studies

of Jonas C. Greenfield on Semitic Philology(Leiden: Brill, 2001), 1:68-74.8See G. H. Dalman, Grammatik des jdisch-palstinischen Aramisch, 2d ed. (1905; repr.

Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1981), 212.


40/336


an:a]pers. pron. I, myself[DNWSI 79 s.v. }nh #3; Vogt 11 s.v.

hna; ATTM 1:515, 2:349 s.v.

hna;

DJPA64 s.v. hna; DJBA143; LSp12; LS227; MD24.]

yrewhona'n. f. light, giving of lightEx 35:14, Num 4:9.

[Formally a JBA aph. inf. from rhn(q.v.).]

wrhna, emph. at;wruh;na'n. f. light, giving of lightEx 25:6; 35:8, 14, 28; 39:37; Num 4:16.[Aphel inf. of rhn; DJPA65 (targum only); DSA506.]

wnUai, wnUyaiindep. pers. pron. they (m.); wnUyaih;attrib. adj.those[DNWSI 264 s.v. h} #1; Vogt 46 s.v. awh.ATTM 1:563; DJA 32; DJPA163 s.v. wnyh; DJBA119 (archaic); GCPA67 (hnwn, }nwn); LS229; MD146.]

jna vb. to groan (ithpe.)Ex 2:23.

[ATTM2:350; DJPA65; DJBA144; LSp13; LS228; MD26.]

an:jn'a]indep. pers. pron. we[DNWSI 81; Vogt 1 s.v. hnjna; ATTM 1:516, 2:350 s.v. hnjna; DJPA65 s.v. hnjna (targumic only); DJBA 144 (archaic); DSA 48; LS2 28nNXN).]

ynIai, ynIyaiindep. pers. pron. they (f.)[ATTM 1:564; DJPA 163 s.v. ynyh; DJBA 119 (archaic); GCPA 57(hnyn); P-Scol. 979; MD147.]

sna vb. to take by force, rob (pe.)Gen 21:25; 31:31; Lev 19:13; Deut 28:29, 31.


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EDWARD COOK18

[DNWSI 290 s.v. hns;9 Vogt 12; ATTM 1:516, 2:350; DJPA 66; DJBA

145; LSp13; LS230.]

n:a], emph. a;n:a]n. m. individual, humankind, group of people10[DNWSI84; Vogt 12; ATTM 1:517, 2:350; DJPA66; DJBA119 (vynya),120; LSp14; LS231; MD24.]

wtna n. f. See wtya.

yswtna, pl. emph. yaes;wtuna'adj. gent. OrthosianGen 10:17.[Cf. DJPA78 s.v. yyswtra.]

ydsa, pl. + suff. 3 m. sg. yhiwOds;ain. m. pl. headrestGen 28:11, 18.

[DJPA 67 (targums to Gen 28:11, 18 only); DJBA121 s.v. ads;yaipillow;DSA350; LS232; MD354.]

wsua;n. f. healingGen 3:6.

[ATTM 1:519, 2:352; DJPA67; DJBA147; LSp14; LS232; MD28.]

ylfsa, pl. abs. w:l;f]sau, var. w:l;f]xau, w:l;f]xai n. m. garment[Gk.]

Gen 45:22.

9The meanings compel, attack, urge, constrain, oppress (see the lexica) are absent fromTO/TJ, where the object of the verb always refers to the thing stolen. Hence some

connection with Old Aramaic hns (to remove, take away) is not impossible (contra M.

Sokoloff,DSD7 [2000] 83).10

The plural (abs.yin:a]) occurs 20+ times, translating BHyvin:a}; however, when notinfluenced by the Hebrew text, TO prefers to use singular naas a collective plural. Seehyteybeyen:a](Gen 17:27, translating MT wtybeyvena') and hyteyben:a](Gen 12:17,translating MT wtyBe). The expression a;n:a} ynEb], sons of humankind,occurs 10 times(Gen 3:20; 4:26; 6:1; 11:5; 48:16; Num 23:19; 24:17; Deut 32:8,26), often in a paraphrase.

The singularvna rb does not occur in TO.


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[Gk. stolh&; DJPA 51 s.v. ylewOfs]ya,, DJBA125 s.v. al;f]x]yai; DSA 58;LSp15; LS233; MD356.]

ysa vb. to heal (pa.), to be healed (ithpa.)Gen 20:17; Lev 13:18,37; 14:3,48; Num 12:12-13; Deut 28:27, 35; 32:39.

[DNWSI88 #1 (JPA); ATTM 1:519, 2:352; DJPA67, DJBA 148; LSp14;

LS232; MD27.]

ysa, emph. ay:sa;n. m. physician [Akk.]Gen 50:2, Ex 15:26, 21:19.

[Akk. asu (Kaufman 37); DNWSI 88 #2; ATTM 1:519, 2:352 s.v. hsa;DJPA67, DJBA148; LSp14; LS231; MD28.]

rysa, pl. emph. yreysia] n. m. prisoner, only in yreysia] tybeprison

Gen 39:20-23; 40:3, 5, 14-15; 41:14; Ex 6:24; 12: 29.

[ATTM 1:519, DJBA149; LSp15; LS237.]

sa, emph. an:s'a', an:s'a]n. m. thornbushEx 3:2, 3, 4, Deut 33:16.

[DJBA149.]

gwposai, var. gwposa'n. m. cake [Gk.]Ex 29:2,23; Lev 2:4; 7:12; 8:26; Num 6:15,19.

[Gk. spo&ggoj; DJPA385 s.v. gwps; DSA54; LSp15; LS235; MH gwps],sponge.]

fyrqsa, pl. abs. w:f;yriq]sain.f. baked dough cake [Gk.]Ex 16:31.

[Gk. e0sxari/thj; MHyfiyrIq:s]yai, m. Hall. 1:4.]

rsa vb. to bind, tie (pe., pa.), to be bound (ithpe.)[DNWSI 90; ATTM 1:519; DJPA 68, DJBA 150; LSp 15; LS2 37; MD

29.]


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EDWARD COOK20

[a;, emph. a[;a;n. m. wood[DNWSI 879 s.v. {s!; Vogt 14; ATTM 1:519, 2:353; DJA 33; DJPA 68;

DJBA152; DSA55.]

a, suff. 3 f. sg. hp'a'n. f. noseGen 24:47.

[ATTM 1:516, 2:350 s.v. na; DJPA69; DSA50. See also ypa.]

a'conj. also, even[DNWSI92; Vogt 15; ATTM 1:520, 2:353; DJPA41 s.v. wa; DJBA152;DSA55; LSp4; LS238; MD30.]

dwpa, emph.ad;wpoyaen. m. ephod, priestly garment [Heb.][BH dpoae; DJPA 69 s.v. dpa; DSA56; LS239.]

ypa vb. to bake (pe.), be baked (ithpe.)Gen 19:3; Ex 12:39; 16:23; Lev 2:4; 6:10; 7:9; 23:17; 24:5; 26:26.

[DNWSI94; DJPA69; DJBA155; DSA56; LSp16; LS239; MD30.]

ypia', emph. ay:p'a'n. m. pl. face, surface;prep. ypea l['on topof, on the surface of, in front of; prep.ypea'b] (Gen 20:18), ypea'l](Num 16:2), in front of

[DNWSI83 s.v. }np; Vogt 1 s.v. na; ATTM 1:516, 2:350, s.v. na; DJA32; DJPA70, 83 (ypab), 275 (ypal); DJBA152, 154; DSA50; LSp13s.v. }np; LS239; MD27.]

lpa, f. pl. emph. at;l;pa', var. atlypaadj. lateEx 9:32.

[DJBA157; MD31; BHtlypia}, Ex 9:32.]

wqpa, cstr.twqup;a'n. f. bringing forth, utteranceNum 30:13; Deut 8:3; 23:24.

[Aphel inf. from qpn; DJPA71 (targumic only).]


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jwrpa, pl. abs. yjiwropa'n. m. chickDeut 22:6.

[DJPA71; BHyjirop]a,.]

wvrpa, emph. at;wur;pa'n. f.separated portion of offering[DJPA71 (targumic only); DJBA159 setting aside; DSA711; LSp164.]

r;paiadv. possibleGen 4:14, 13:16.

[ATTM2:466; DJPA53; DJBA124; MH rv'p]yae.]

[bxa, emph. a[;b]xa'n. f. finger[DNWSI 958 s.v. s!b{ #2; Vogt 16; ATTM 1:520; DJPA 72; DJBA 159;

DSA720; LSp166; MD355.]

wxa, suff. 2 m. sg. t;wxua;, var. twwsa n. f. batch of doughEx 7:28; 12:34; Num 15:20-21; Deut 28:5, 17.

[DJPA72; DSA58; LS244.]

ylfxa n. m. See ylfsa.

rxa vb. to store up (pe.)Gen 41:35.

[DJBA160; LSp17.]

[b'ra'f., h[;b]ra'm. num. four; y[ib]ra'num. forty[DNWSI 101; Vogt 16; ATTM 1:520, 2:354; DJA 33; DJPA 72; DJBA

163; DSA813; LSp188; LS2708; MD36.]

yres['[b'ra'f., rs'[]t['b]ra'm. num. fourteen[DJPA73; DJBA163 s.v. rsbra; DSA813.]


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EDWARD COOK22

w:g}ra', emph. an:w:g}ra'n. m. purple stuff [Akk.][Akk. argamannu (Kaufman 35); DNWSI 103; Vogt 16; ATTM 1:521,

2:354; DJPA73; DJBA164; DSA59; LSp17; LS246; MD36.]

wroa], emph. an:wroa]n. m. chest, ark[DNWSI109 s.v. }rn #1; ATTM 1:523, 2:354 s.v. ra; DJPA73; DJBA165; DSA64; LS250; MD37.]

zra, emph. az:ra'n. m. cedarLev 14:4, 6, 49, 51-52; Num 19:6; 24:6.[DNWSI105 #2; ATTM 1:522, 2:355; DJPA74; DJBA165; LSp17; LS2

47; MD37.]

yrea]conj. for, because[DNWSI 104 s.v. }rh; ATTM 1:521 s.v. wra; DJPA 74; MH yrEh}; DSA61.]

yra, emph. ay:ra', pl. abs. w:y:ra'n. m. lionGen 49:9, Num 23:24, 24:9; Deut 33:22.[DNWSI 107 #3; Vogt 16 s.v. hyra; ATTM 1:522, 2:355 s.v. hyra;DJPA74; DJBA166; DSA61 s.v. hyra; LSp17; LS248; MD37.]

jyra, emph.aj;yria]n. m. bar, pole (for carrying ark)[DJPA74 (targumic only); DSA61.]

tyra, pl. emph. ay:t'yria], var. ayfyra n. f. canal [Akk.]Ex 7:19, 8:1.

[Akk. arittu(Kaufman 36);DJBA168; DSA62 (from TO).]

ravb. to be long (pe.), to wait, make long (aph.)[DNWSI108 #1; ATTM 1:522, 2:355; DJPA75; DJBA168; DSA62; LSp

18; LS249; MD37.]


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ak;ra'n. f. prolongation, respiteGen 6:3.

[Vogt 17; ATTM 1:523; DJPA75; LSp18; LS249.]

am;r;a], emph. at;wmur;a]n. f. elevation offering[DSA823.]

wmra n. f. See amra.

ym;r'a], emph. ha;m;r'a]adj. gent. ArameanGen 25:20; 28:5; 31:20, 24; Deut 26:5.[ATTM 1:523, 2:355; DJPA76; DJBA169; LS250.]

ym'ra'adj. paganLev 25: 47.

The distinction between this lemma and the one preceding is based on

vocalization; seeDJBAand cp. at;y:m;ra'pagan womenin m.Meg. 4:9.[ATTM2:355; DJA 33;DJPA 76;DJBA 169; DSA63 s.v.

yamra; LSp

18; LS250.]

al;m]ra', emph. at;lm'ra'n. f. widow[DNWSI109; ATTM 1:523, 2:355; DJA 33; DJPA 76; DJBA169; DSA

63; LS2735; MD38.]

wlmra, suff. 3 f. sg. ht'wlum]ra'n. f. widowhoodGen 38:14, 19.[DNWSI109 (JPA); ATTM 1:523, 2:355; DJA33; DJPA76; DJBA169;

LS2735.]

bnra, emph. ab;n}ra'n. m. rabbitLev 11:16, Deut 14:7.

[DNWSI110; DJPA76; DJBA170; DSA64; LS250; MD38.]


47/336

EDWARD COOK24

sra vb. to betroth (pe., pa.)Ex 22:15; Deut 20:7; 22:23, 25, 27-28; 28:30.

[DJPA76; DJBA170; DSA65; LSp18; MD38.]

[r'a], emph. a[;ra', pl. emph. at;[;ra'n. f. earth, land[DNWSI110 s.v. }rs!#1; Vogt 17; ATTM 1:523, 2:355; DJA33; DJPA76;

DJBA170; DSA65; LSp19; LS251; MD39.]

y[ra, f. emph. at;y[;ra', m. pl. abs. yI[;ra', var. ya[ra adj.lower

Gen 6:16, Deut 32:22.

[ATTM 1:524, 2:356; DJPA77; DSA65; LSp19.]

dva vb. to pour out, shed (blood) (pe.), to be shed (ithpe.)[DNWSI122; ATTM 1:524, 2:356; DJBA172; DSA68; LS252; MD40.]

wva, emph. at;wua;n. m. mole11Lev 11:30.

[MHtWVyae(m.Moed. Qa. 1:4; m.Kelim 21:3).]

wmlva, emph. at;wmul;a'n. f. mount or setting for jewelsEx 25:7; 28:17; 35:9, 27.

[Formally an aph. inf. fromlv; DJPA78 (targumic only); DSA902 (3).]

va, emph. am;;a]n. m. guilt offering [Heb.][BHv;a;; DJPA78 (targumic only); DSA69.]

aryva, cstr.tr'yea], pl., suff. 3 m. pl. wOhyreyea]n. f.Asherah, wooden cultic object [Heb.]

[BH hr:vea}; DNWSI129 s.v. }srh; DJPA78 (targumic only).]

11See also Tg. Psalms58:9yyms yd atwva,the moles that are blind. TO parallels

LXX which reads mole(a)spa&lac) in Lev 11:30.


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[dwmtva vb. to examine, recognize (ishtaph.)[DJPA294 (TNmgto Deut 21:17 only); DJBA645 s.v.

[dwm.]

ta;, emph. at;a;, pl. abs. ytia;,w:t]a;n. m./f. sign, standard[Vogt 19; ATTM 1:525, 2:356; DJPA78; DJBA175; DSA70; LSp4; LS2

53; MD42.]

ta'pron. m./f. sg. youFeminine: Gen 12:11; 16:8, 11; 24:23, 47, 60; 30:2; 39:9; Num 5:20.

[DJA33; DJPA79; DJBA175; DSA71; GCPA67; LS250 s.v. tN); cp.DNWSI85 s.v. }nth; Vogt 13 s.v. htna; ATTM1:518, 2:351 s.v. htna.]

wtua'pron. m. pl. you[DJPA79; DJBA175 s.v. wta; DSA70; GCPA67; LS231 s.v. nwtN);cp. Vogt 14 s.v.wtna; ATTM 1:519, 2:352 s.v. wtna.]

wta, emph. an:wtua], var. an:wtua'n. m. furnace [Akk.]

The variant vocalization an:wtua' corresponds to BAr WTa' and othercognates (cf. Arabic }attun), but the vocalization in the lemma is closer to theproposed Akkadian etymon atunu.

[Akk. atunu (Kaufman 110); Vogt 21; ATTM 1:525, 2:356; DJPA 79;

DJBA176; DSA71; LSp20; LS255; MD43.]

yta vb. to come (pe.), to bring (aph.), to be brought (ittaph.)[DNWSI 133; Vogt 19; ATTM 1:525, 2:356; DJA 33; DJPA 80; DJBA

176; DSA71; LSp20; LS254; MD41.]

ytea', var.ytia'pron. f. pl. youGen 31:6.

[ATTM2:352 s.v. ta; DJPA81; DSA73; GCPA67.]

lk;tai, emph. al;k;tain. m. cluster of grapesGen 40:10; Num 13:23-24; 32:9; Deut 1:24.

[DJBA178; DSA73.]


49/336

EDWARD COOK26

ylim;taiadv. yesterday [Akk.?][Arguably not derived from Akk. ittimali < in(a) timali (Kaufman 60).

DJPA81 s.v. lmta; DJBA128 s.v. lmtya; DSA73 s.v. lmta; LSp20;LS2827; MD358.]

ta, emph. an:t;a], pl. n:t;a]n. f. she-donkey[DNWSI136; DJPA81; DSA73; LSp20; LS255.]

rt'a], emph. ar;ta'n. m. place[DNWSI125 s.v. }sr#2 Vogt 21; ATTM 1:526, 2:357; DJA34; DJPA81;DJBA179; DSA74; LSp20; LS255; MD44. See also rtb.]

gwrta, pl. abs.ygIwrota'n. m. citron [Pers.]Lev 23:40.

[ATTM 1:526, 2:357 grta; DJA 34; DJPA 591 s.v. gwrt; DJBA 179;MH gwrtRa.]


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bb prep. in; at; with

[DNWSI 137; Vogt 21; ATTM 1:526, 2:357; DJA 35; DJPA 83; DJBA

181; DSA75; LSp21; LS256; MD44.]

vab vb. to be bad (pe.), cause harm, do evil, cause to stink (aph.),become evil, bad (ithpe.)

The single occurrence of the ithpeel in Sperber (Ex 5:23) is textually suspect,

as most witnesses read the aphel. The one occurrence of the aphel that means

cause to stink(Ex 5:21) is influenced by the BH meaning of the word.

[DNWSI142; Vogt 25, ATTM 1:528, 2:358; DJPA 83; DJBA183; DSA

78; LSp21; LS256.]

abb, cstr.tb'b;n. f. pupil of the eyeDeut 32:10.

[ATTM 2:359; DJPA 83; DJBA190 s.v. atybwb; LS262.]

w[bb interj. See w[b

llgb, suff. 3 m. pl. wOhll'gbi prep. because ofDeut 28:32.

[DJPA 85; DSA79; LSp36 s.v. lgll.]


51/336

EDWARD COOK28

jlwdb, emph. aj;lwdub] n. m. bdelliumGen 2:12, Num 11:7.

[DJPA 85 s.v. jldb(targumic only); DSA82 s.v. jldb; BH jl'doB].]

lydib]prep. because of; conj. in order to[ATTM 1:552, 2:376; DJPA 85; DJBA186 (archaic); DSA81; LSp44.]

ydibin. m. pl. magicLev 19:31; 20:6, 27; Deut 18:11.

Although a Persian etymology has been proposed,12the word is more likely

related to BHydb, oracle priest, diviner(seeHALOTs.v. dbV); see Tg.Isa. 44:25, where BHyDiB'is rendered by ydibi. DJPA 92 (targumic only).]

qdb, suff. 3 f. s. hq'dbin. m. breach, weak pointGen 42:9, 12.

[DJBA200 torrent of water(from canal sluice or breach); MD59.]

qdb vb. to search (pe.), prognosticate (pa.)Gen 39:11; 44:5, 15; Deut 13:15.[ATTM 2:359; DJPA 85; DJBA186; DSA82; LSp22; LS259.]

rdb vb. to scatter (pa.), be scattered (ithpa.)[DNWSI145 #1; Vogt 25; ATTM 1:529, 2:359; DJPA 86; DJBA187; LSp23; LS260; MD52.]

lhb vb. to be agitated (ithpe.)Gen 45:3, Ex 15:15.

[Vogt 26; ATTM 1:529, 2:359; DJPA86; DJBA189 (bowl only); DSA83;LS260.]

12 S. Shaked, Qumran: Some Iranian Connections, in Z. Zevit, S. Gitin, and M.

Sokoloff, eds., Solving Riddles and Untying Knots: Biblical, Epigraphic, and Semitic

Studies in Honor of Jonas C. Greenfield (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1995), 279. The

word anydyb/anydwb cited there is probably derived from the root ydb; see Beyer,

ATTM2:359.


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wlyhb n. f. haste, only inwluyhibbiadv. hastilyEx 12:11, Deut 16:3.

[Vogt25; ATTM 1:529; DJPA 83 (targum only); DSA83.]

qhb, emph. aq;hwbu, var. aq;hb'n. m. skin condition [Heb.]Lev 13:39.

[BH qh'Bo; DJPA 86 s.v. yqhb (targumic only); DSA 84; LS2 61 s.v.)tYQhB.]

ar;h]b', emph. at;rh'b'n. f. bright spot in skin[DJPA 86.]

thb vb. to be ashamed (pe.)Gen 49:8.

[ATTM 1:529, 2:360; DJPA 86; DJBA189; DSA84; LSp23; LS261; MD

54.]

athb n. f. shame, only inhytet]hb'tybegenitalsDeut 25:11[ATTM 1:529; DJPA 86; DJBA189; DSA85; LSp23; LS262; MD46.]

l;fwbu, var.alfwb n. m. inactivityEx 21:18, 19.

[DJA35; DJPA 91 s.v. wlfb(targumic only); LS266.]

fwb, emph. am;fwbun. m. terebinth, pistachioGen 35:4 (terebinth), 43:11 (pistachio).

BH makes a distinction between the terebinth or pistachio tree (hla) and itsnuts (ynfb). TO uses the same word for both.[DJPA 87 s.v. hnfwb, 91 s.v. hmfb; DJBA190; DSA94 s.v. hmfb; LS267 )tM+B.]

s'wbo, emph. am;swbun. m. spice, perfume


53/336

EDWARD COOK30

[ATTM 1:539 s.v.cb; DJPA 106 s.v.sb; DJBA 191 s.v. amswb;DSA105 s.v.sb; LSp27; LS280; MD56.]

wn Um;swbun. f. process of making incenseEx 30:25, 35; 37:29.

[LS280.]

wbun. m. fine linen, byssus[ATTM 1:529, 2:360; DJPA 87 (targumic only); DSA86; LSp23; LS263.]

yxwb I, pl. emph. ay:n"yxiwbon. m. lamp[DJPA88; DJBA192; DSA86; LSp23; cf. Kaufman 45.]

yxwb II, pl. emph. ay:n"yxiwboII n. m. gourdNum 11:5.

AlthoughDJBAtreats this word and the previous one in a single entry, they

are separated here, since they are recognized as distinct in the ancient texts;13

see also CAL.

[DNWSI148; DJBA192; LS263; MD56.]

rwb vb. to be deserted (pe.)Gen 47:19.[DJPA 88 (targumic only); DJBA192; DSA86; LS263.]

lrwb n. m. See lrb.

twb vb. to spend the night (pe.), keep overnight (aph.)[DNWSI148 #1 (JPA); Vogt 27 s.v.tyb; ATTM 1:531, 2:361 s.v.tyb;DJPA 88 (targumic only); DJBA193; DSA87; LSp23; LS263; MD57.]

13Particularly telling is the joke in b.Ned. 66b, in which a husband tells his wife to bring

him twoynyxwb(gourds) and she brings him twoygrv(lamps). Cf. Tal,Language, 104-

105, andDJBA192.


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twb, emph. at;wb', var. at;wb;n. m. unclean birdLev 11:18; Deut 14:16.

[DJPA 88 (targums to Deut 14:13 only).]

az:bi,az:ybi, emph. at;z}ybin. f. plunderEx 15:9; Num 14:3, 31; 24:8; 31:32; Deut 1:39; 32:13-14.

[ATTM 1:529; DJPA 92; DJBA200 (bowl); DSA89; LSp24; LS264; MD

60.]

zzb vb. to plunder (pe.)Gen 34:27-29; Num 31:9, 32, 53; Deut 2:35; 3:7; 20:14; 31:17.[ATTM 1:529, 2:360; DJPA 89; DSA89; LSp23; LS263.]

yzb, emph.ak;yzIb;n. f. incense panAccording to the Mishnah, the incense dish (Jz


55/336

EDWARD COOK32

rjb vb. to choose, test (pe.), to be chosen, tested (ithpe.)Gen 13:11; 42:15-16; 49:16-17; Ex 17:9; 18:25; Num 31:5; Deut 33:8. The

meaning testin Gen 42:15-16, Deut 33:8 is elsewhere normal only in Syriac

and Mandaic.

[ATTM 1:529, 2:360; DJPA 90; DJBA196; DSA91; LSp24; LS265; MD

53.]

lyfib]adj. idleEx 32:25.

[DJPA 91; cf. DJBA 196 s.v. lyFiB'; LS267 s.v. lYi+Ba.]

lfb vb. to cease, be invalid (pe.), make idle, annul (pa.), cause tocease (pa., aph.)

[DNWSI150 (JPA); Vogt 26; ATTM 1:530, 2:360; DJPA 91; DJBA197;

LSp24; LS266; MD58.]

lfb, m. pl. abs.ynIl;fb'adj. lazyEx 5:8, 17.

[DNWSI151 (JPA); ATTM1:530; DJBA197; DSA94.]

yb, emph. at;ybe, pl. abs. ytib;n. m. house, place[DNWSI156 s.v. byt; Vogt 27 s.v.tyb; ATTM1:530, 2:360; DJPA 9 s.v.yyb; DJBA 208; DSA 87 s.v.tyb; LSp 26; LS2 69; MD 47. See alsovdqm tyb, yrvm tyb, yny[ tyb, vdq tyb, syr tyb. ]

alwhyb, emph. at;lwhuybin. f. frightLev 26:16.

ybeprep. between[DNWSI152 #2; Vogt 26, ATTM 1:531, 2:361; DJPA 105 s.v. b, 313 s.v.ynyb m, DJBA 201 s.v. yb; DSA94; LSp25.]


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a[yb, pl. abs. y[iyben. f. eggDeut 22:6.

[DJPA 96; DJBA204; DSA95; LSp26; LS269; MD64bita.]

arwqyb, emph. at;rwquybin. f. punishment [Heb.]Lev 19:20.

[BHtr


57/336

EDWARD COOK34

yremityben. m. place of encampmentNum 10:33; Deut 1:33.

[DJPA94; LS270.]

yny[ tyb, suff. 3 m. sg. yhiwnOy[e tyben. m. foreheadEx 28:38.

[LS268.]

vdq tyb, emph. a;dqutyben. m. sanctuaryLev 10:18.

[ATTM1:680 s.v. vdq; DJPA95; LS272.]

syr tyb n. m. See syr.

rwkob], emph. ar;kwbun. m. firstborn[ATTM 1:532 s.v. rkb; DJPA 102; DJBA190; DSA97; LSp26; LS273;MD55.]

wrwkb, emph. at;wruwkob]n. f. birthright, status of firstbornGen 25:32.

[DJPA 103; DSA 97; cf. DJBA 190 s.v. atwrkwb; LS2 73 s.v.)twrKwB.]

yriwkubin. m. pl. first fruits[ATTM 1:532; DJPA 96 (targumic only); DSA 98 s.v. yrwkb; MH

yrIWKyBi.]

ykb vb. to weep (pe.)[DNWSI163; ATTM 1:532, 2:367; DJPA 103; DJBA219; DSA96; LSp

26; LS273; MD64.]

ykb, emph. at;ykib]n. f. weeping, lamentationGen 35:8; 45:2; 50:4; Deut 34:8.


58/336


[ATTM 1:532, 2:361;DJPA 103; DJBA220; DSA97; LSp26 s.v. bwky;LS273; MD65.]

ykeb]conj. then[DJPA 103 s.v. kb; DJBA 587; DSA 394; LSp 94; cf. ATTM 1:607,2:418 s.v. k; LBH keb]W.]

rykib'adj. early, early rainGen 4:4; 30:42; Deut 11:14; 33:15.

[DJPA 103; DJBA220; DSA98; LSp26; cf. LS273

)YrYKB.]

wrykb, emph.at;wruykeb]n. f. birthrightGen 25:31, 33-34; 27:36; 49:3; Deut 21:17.

[DJBA220; LS274; cf. DJPA 103 s.v. wrwkb.]

rkb vb. to mature, treat as firstborn (pa.), be born first (ithpa.)Gen 30:41; Lev 27:26; Deut 21:16.

[DJPA 103 (targumic only); DJBA220; DSA97; LS273.]

rkb adv. See rk.

al;b]prep. without[DJPA 103; DJBA614; P-Scol. 1869; MD65.]

lblb vb. to mix up (palp.)Gen 11:7, 9.

[The derivational root is llb, meaning in various Semitic languages to mix,tangle, combine ingredients. ATTM2:362 s.v. llb; DJPA104 s.v. llb;DJBA220; DSA100; LS274; MD66.]

ydewjolbiadv. byself[ATTM 1:572 s.v. dwjl; DJPA 104; DJBA622 (usually dwjl); DSA432s.v. dwjl; cf. DNWSI352 s.v. h!wd]


59/336

EDWARD COOK36

ylb vb. to wear out (pe.)Deut 8:4, 29:4.

[DNWSI 166 #1; Vogt 28 s.v. hlb; ATTM 1:532, 2:362; DJPA 104;DJBA221; DSA99; LS274; MD65.]

[lb vb. to swallow (pe.)Gen 41:7, 24; Ex 7:12; 15:12; Num 16:30, 32, 34; 17:27; 26:10; Deut 11:6.

[ATTM 1:533, 2:362; DJPA 104; DJBA221; DSA100; LSp27; LS276;

MD64.]

vlb vb. to search (pe.)Gen 31:35, 44:12.

[DSA 101; cf. DJBA221 s.v. avwlb; MH m.Midd. 1:7.]

amb, pl. + suff. 3 m. pl. wOht]m;b;n. f. high place for worship ofheathen gods

Lev 26:30, Num 33:52.[ATTM 1:533; DJPA 105 (targumic only); DSA102.]

ynb vb. to build (pe.), be built (ithpe.)[DNWSI173; Vogt 28 s.v. hnb; ATTM 1:533, 2:362; DJPA 106; DJBA222; DSA104; LSp27; LS278; MD66.]

sysb, suff. 3 m. sg. hyseysib]n. m. base, stand [Gk.][Gk. ba&sij; DNWSI 179 s.v. bss (Nabatean); DJPA 106; DSA 105; LS281.]

sb vb. to be sweet (pe.), make sweet, mix spice (pa.)Ex 15:25; 30:25,33; Deut 32:2.

[ATTM 1:539, 2:366 s.v.cb; DJPA 115 s.v.cb; DJBA224; DSA105;LSp27; LS280; MD67.]


60/336


rsb vb. to despise (pa.)Num 15:31.

[ATTM 1:540 s.v. rcb; DJPA 106; LSp28; LS281; MD68.]

rs'b], emph. ar;sbin. m. flesh[DNWSI 204 s.v. bsr; Vogt 32 s.v. rcb; ATTM 1:539, 2:366 s.v. rcb;DJPA 115 s.v. rcb; DJBA207; DSA106; LSp28; LS282; MD67.]

w[ub;, suff. 2 m. sg. t;w[ub;n. f. request, petition; w[ub;b] interj.please

[DNWSI150; Vogt 30; ATTM 1:534, 2:363; DJPA 84aw[bb (targumiconly); DSA108; LSp29; LS283; MD57 s.v.buta.]

rw[ob;n. m. torchGen 15:17; Ex 20:15.

[DJPA 107; DJBA224; cp. DSA110 s.v. ry[b.]

f[b vb. to kick (pe.)Deut 32:15.

[DJPA 107; DJBA224; DSA107; LS283.]

y[b vb. to seek, desire, demand; ask someone (+ m); plead for (+l[, l) (pe.), be sought, required (ithpe.)15

[DNWSI 180 #1; Vogt 29; ATTM 1:533, 2:362; DJPA 107; DJBA 224;

DSA107; LSp28; LS282; MD44.]

ry[ib]n. m. livestock, domestic animals[ATTM 1:534, 2:363; DJPA 109; DJBA227; DSA110; LSp29; LS285.]

15The ithpeel appears only in Gen 42:22 in Sperber's main text; the apparatus has another

occurrence at Ex 43:2,l y[btmd that which is required of you, as a variant forn:y[ebdiam;; the latter, however, means that which (is) in your eyes, and is not a form

of y[b.


61/336

EDWARD COOK38

ly[eb], suff. 1 sg. yli[b'n. m. lord, husband[DNWSI 182 #2; Vogt 30; ATTM 1:534, 2:363; DJA 36; DJPA 108;

DJBA227; DSA109; LSp29; LS283; MD60 s.v.bila.]

bb;d]ly[eb]n. m. enemy [Akk.][Akk. bel dababi (Kaufman 42); DJPA 108; DJBA227; LSp29; LS2 83;

MD60; cf. DSA164 s.v. bbd.]

l[b vb. to marry, become husband (pe.)Deut 21:13; 24:1.[DNWSI182 #1; DJPA109; DJBA227; DSA109; LS284.]

[[b vb. to hurry (aph.)Num 32:17, Deut 32:35.

[4Q531fg. 22:11; Levy, ChW, I:106.]

r[b vb. to be on fire (pe.), kindle (pa.), burn (aph.)Ex 3:2; 35:3; Lev 6:5; Deut 4:11; 5:23; 9:15.[DJPA 109; DJBA228; DSA109; LSp29; MD49.]

t[b vb. to be afraid (ithpe.)Deut 20:3.

[ATTM 2:363; DJPA 109; DJBA228; LS285.]

[y"ripbiadv. quickly[DJPA 109; DSA707; LSp163.]

[wxb, pl. abs.y[iwxubin. m. fragmentLev 2:6, 6:14.

lxb, pl. emph.ylExwbun. m. onionNum 11:5.

[DJPA 109; DJBA19 s.v. alxwb; DSA110; LS286.]


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[xb vb. to break (pa.)Lev 2:6.

[DJPA 184; DJBA229.]

at;ymedq;b]adv. at first[DJPA 109 s.v. htyymdqb; DSA 757; LSp 175; P-S col. 3494 s.v.)tYMdQb, s.v. yMDQ.]

a[qb, emph. at;[}qbin. f. valleyGen 11:2; 49:12; Deut 8:7; 11:11; 34:3.

[DNWSI 187 s.v. bq{t; Vogt 30; ATTM 1:535, 2:363; DJPA 110; DJBA

230; cp. LS2590 )t(QP; MD362paqata.]

rqb vb. to inspect (pa.)Lev 13:36, 27:33.

[DNWSI187 #1; Vogt 30; ATTM 1:535, 2:363; DJPA 110; DSA111; LS2

87; MD68.]

rqb, pl. cstr. yreqb'n. m. herd of cattleDeut 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51.[DJPA 110; DJBA231; DSA112; LSp30; LS288; MD49.]

rb I, emph. ar;b;n. m.field, outside; mirb;prep. except for;ar;b;l]adv. outside; ar;b'miadv. outside; ar;b'ymil]adv. outside

[DNWSI195 #3; Vogt 31; ATTM 1:537, 2:365; DJPA 110, 276 (hrbl),284 (hrbml), 314 (hrb m); DJBA239; DSA118-119; LSp31; LS288;MD228.]

rb'II, pl. abs. ynIb]n. m. son[DNWSI188 #1; Vogt 31; ATTM 1:535, 2:363; DJPA 97 s.v. ryb; DJBA231; DSA103; LSp30; LS288; MD68.]

dr'b], emph. ad;rb'n. m. hail[DNWSI196; DJPA 111; DJBA242; DSA112; LSp31; LS295; MD50.]


63/336

EDWARD COOK40

lrb, emph.al;rwbun. m. beryl [Gk.]Gen 2:12; Ex 25:7; 28:9, 20; 35:9, 27; 39:6, 13.

[Gk. bh&rulloj; DJPA 10 s.v. lwryb; DSA87 s.v. hlrwb; LS297.]

lz"rb', emph. al;z}rb', var. alzrp n. m. iron[DSA112; for lzrp: DNWSI 936; Vogt 139; ATTM 1:670; DJPA 445;DJBA930; DSA701; LS2594; MD364.]

yrb, suff. 3 m. sg. hyyErwbun. m. healthEx 21:19.[DSA114 s.v. (a)yrb(2); cf. DJPA 112 s.v. wyrb; DJBA243 s.v. yrb #2vb., 245 s.v. atwyrb.]

yrb vb. to create (pe.), be created (ithpe.)[ATTM1:538; DJPA 112; DJBA243; DSA113; LSp31; LS294; MD69.]

ha;yrib]n. f. creation

Num 16:30.

[ATTM2:365 s.v. hyrb; DJPA 113 s.v. hyyrb, DJBA245 s.v. atyyrb#2; DSA114; LSp31; LS294; MD62.]

yrib]adj. blessed[ATTM1:538, 2:365 s.v. rb; DJPA 113; DJBA245; DSA116; LS296;MD70.]

wruyrib;n. f. clearnessEx 24:10.[LS288.]

rb vb. to bless (pa.), be blessed (ithpa.)[DNWSI198; Vogt 32; ATTM 1:538, 2:365; DJPA 114; DJBA246; DSA

116; LSp31; LS296; MD70. See also yrib].]


64/336


ak;rbi, emph. at;k]rbin. f. blessing[DNWSI202 s.v. brkh; ATTM 1:538, 2:365; DJPA 114; DJBA246; DSA

116 s.v. hkrb; LSp31; LS296 s.v. )tKrwB; MD63.]

r'b]conj. but, except[DNWSI 202; Vogt 32; ATTM 1:539, 2:365; DJPA 114; DJBA 247

(archaic); DSA117 s.v. rb; LSp32; LS297.]

ymim]['rb'n. m. gentile, non-JewGen 17:12, 27; Lev 22:25; Deut 14:21; 15:3; 23:21; 29:21.[DJPA101; DJBA238.]

qrb, emph. aq;rb'n. m. lightningEx 19:16, Deut 32:41.

[DNWSI203; ATTM 1:539, 2:365; DJPA 115; DJBA247; DSA117; LSp

32;LS298; MD63.]

aqrb, pl. abs. q;rb;n. f. emeraldEx 28:17, 39:10.[DJPA 115 (TNto Ex 28:17, 39:10 only); DSA 118 s.v.tqrb; LS298.]

trb, emph. at;r'b], sg. cstr.tb'n. f. daughterThe morphology of the word follows the pattern of Eastern Aramaic. For the

absolute form, see Tg. Jon. Judg 11:34, Ezek 14:20.

[DNWSI 192 s.v. brh; ATTM 1:537, 2:364; DJA 37; DJPA 111; DJBA

248; DSA103; LSp30; LS293; MD70.]

rcb n. m. See rsb.

lyvb adj. See lvb.

lvb vb. to boil (pe.), cook, ripen s.th. (pa.), be cooked (ithpa.)The pe. occurs in TO only in the passive ptcp. al;yib](Num 6:19).


65/336

EDWARD COOK42

[DNWSI 203; ATTM 2:366; DJPA 115; DJBA 250; DSA 120; LS2 99;

MD71.]

alwtb, emph.at;l]wtub]n. f. virginGen 24:16; Ex 22:15-16; Lev 21:3,14; Deut 22:19, 23, 28.

[DNWSI205 s.v. btlh; ATTM 1:540, 2:366; DJPA 116; DJBA251; DSA

121; LSp32; LS299; cf. MD384 ptula.]

yliwtub]n. m. pl. virginity, tokens of virginityLev 21:13; Deut 22:14-15, 17, 20.

[DJPA 116; DSA121; LS299; BHyliWtB].]

yketbiadv. suddenlyNum 6:9; 12:4; 35:22.

[DJPA 116 (targumic only); DSA949 s.v. ykt(from TO).]

rt'b;prep./conj. after; rt'b;miprep. after, behind[


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gyag vb. to become exalted, high (ithpe.)

Ex 15:1, 21.

[ATTM1:540; DJPA 118; LS2100; MD72.]

lagvb. to avenge (pe.), only in the phrase

am;d}lyaeg:, avenger of

blood [Heb.]Num 35:12, 19, 21, 24-25, 27; Deut 19:6, 12.

[BH lag; DSA123.]

bbg vb. to gather (pa.)Ex 5:7, 12; Num 15:32-33.

[DJPA 118; DSA124 (from TO); MH.]

ar;wbug}, emph. at;r]wbug}n. f. power, act of power[DNWSI211 s.v. gbrh #2; Vogt 33; ATTM 1:541, 2:367; DJPA 119; DSA

127; LSp34.]

ybg vb. to collect payment (pe.), be required to pay (ithpe.)Ex 21:22; Deut 22:19.

[DNWSI 208; ATTM 2:366; DJPA 119; DJBA 256; DSA 124; LSp 33;

LS2100; MD79.]


67/336

EDWARD COOK44

ybg I, pl. cstr. ynEybig}n. m. eyebrowLev 14:9.

[DNWSI209; DJPA 119 (targumic only); DJBA257; DSA126; LS2102;

MD79.]

ybig}II n. m. hunchbackLev 21:20.

[DSA126; LSp33.]

lw[bg, pl. abs. yliw[ubg"n. m. bud of flower [Heb.]Ex 9:31.[BH l[ob]GI; DJPA 119 (targums to Ex 9:31 only); DSA126 (SamTgto Ex9:31 only).]

rbg vb. to become strong, victorious (ithpa.)Ex 17:11.

[DNWSI210 #1; ATTM1:540, 2:367; DJPA 120; DJBA258; DSA 126;

LSp34; LS2102; MD80.]

rb'g}, pl. abs.yribgUvar.yribg"n. m. man, male[DNWSI 210 #2; Vogt 33; ATTM 1:541, 2:367; DJA 38; DJPA 119;

DJBA258; LSp33; LS2102; MD73.]

wrbg, pl. + suff. 2 m. sg. t;w:r]b;gIn. f. act of mightDeut 3:24, 33:29.

[ATTM 1:541, 2:367; DSA127; LSp34; cf. DJBA259 at;Wrb]G", LS2102s.v.

)twrBaG.]

dg n. m. See dyg II.

ydg, emph. ay:dg"n. m. goat or sheep kid[ATTM 2:367 s.v. hdg; DJPA 121; DJBA 260; DSA 129; LSp 34; LS2104; MD73.]


68/336


alydg, pl. abs. l;ydig}n. f. plaited cordEx 28:14, 24-25; 39:17-18.

[ATTM 2:367; DJPA 121 (targumic only); DJBA261; DSA130; LSp34;

LS2105; MD80.]

wluydig}n. f. plaited cord workEx 28:14, 22; 39:15 .

[CAL: wicker work; DJPA 121 (targumic only); DSA130.]

rydg, emph. ar;ydeg:n. m. wall [Heb.]Num 22:24.[BH rdEG:; DNWSI215 s.v. gdr; DJBA261.]

vydg, pl. abs. yiydig}n. m. heap of grainEx 22:5.

[DJPA 121; DSA131; LS2106; cf. DJBA266 s.v. avdwg; BH vydIG:.]

ndg, emph. ap;n}d;g}n. m. rim, borderEx 25:25, 27; 37:12, 14.

[DJBA261; LS2105.]

dg, pl. cs. ypedg"n. m. wingEx 19:4; 25:20; 37:9; Deut 32:11.

[ATTM 1:541; DJPA 121 (targumic only); DJBA262; MD74.]

wg, emph. aw:g"n. m. inside, entrails; wgOb]prep. within, wgOl]prep.into, within, wgOmiprep. from within; wyg:l]adv. inwards; wyg:miadv.inside

[DNWSI 215; Vogt 33; ATTM 1:541, 2:368; DJPA 121, 84 (wgb), 277(wgl), 314 (wg m), 315 (wygl m); DJBA263; DSA132-133; LSp34; LS2107; MD51 (bgau), 74 (gau), 230 (lgw).]

bwg, emph.ab;wgO n. m. locust swarmEx 10:4, 12-14, 19; Lev 11:22; Deut 28:38.

[DJPA 122; DSA134; BH

yb'GO.]


69/336

EDWARD COOK46

bwgUn. m. pit[DNWSI 207 s.v. gb #2 Vogt 33 s.v.

bg; ATTM 1:540, 2:366 s.v.

bg;

DJPA 122; DSA134; LSp33; LS2100; MD82.]

jwg vb. to fight war (aph.), be fought (of a war) (ittaph.)In other dialects, the meanings of the root are different, e.g. to stir up(BA),

break forth(QA).

[Vogt 34; ATTM1:542, 2:368; DJA38; DJPA 123; DSA136; LS2108.]

ywg, m. emph. ha;w:g:, var. ha;w:g"adj. innerLev 10:18.

[DNWSI 218 #2; ATTM 1:542, 2:368; DJPA 122 s.v. yywwg; DJBA 267;DSA132; LSp35; LS2107; MD74.]

aywg, pl. + suff. 1 pl. an:t'y:wIg} n. f. bodyGen 13:13, 47:18.

[ATTM 1:542 (JPA amulet); DJPA 123 s.v. hyywg (male sexual organ);DSA137.]

alwglwg, emph. at;lwgUlwgUn. f. head, skullEx 16:16; 38:26; Num 1:2, 18, 20, 22, 26; 3:47.

[ATTM1:544 s.v. hlglg; DJPA 123; DJBA268; DSA147 man, person;LSp37.]

armwg, pl. abs. yrimwgU n. f. coalLev 16:12.

[ATTM 1:544 s.v. hrmg; DJPA 123; DJBA269; DSA151 s.v. rmg; LSp38; LS2121; MD83.]

wg vb. to commit adultery (pe.)Ex 20:13; Lev 20:10; Deut 5:18.

[DJPA 124; DJBA270; DSA138.]


70/336


p'wgO, emph. an:pwgUn. m. grape-vineGen 40:9-10; 49:22; Num 6:4; 20:5; Deut 8:8.

[ATTM 2:371; DJPA 134; DJBA 271; DSA 155; LSp 40; LS2128; MD

84.]

yrpwg, emph. at;yrepwgUn. f. brimstoneGen 19:24; Deut 29:22.

[DJPA 124; DJBA271 (bowl); DSA157; LSp 40; Eastern dialects yrbk(DJBA574, LS2317, MD212).]

rwg n. m. See rg.

azyg, const.tz"ygI n. f. fleeceDeut 18:4.

[DNWSI 219 s.v. gzh; ATTM2:368 s.v. zg; DJBA279; DSA 139 s.v. zg;LS2111; MD89.]

zzg vb. to shear (pe.)Gen 31:19; 38:12-13; Deut 15:19.

[DNWSI 219; ATTM 2:368; DJPA 125; DJBA 273; DSA 139; LSp 36;

LS2111; MD86.]

lyzg, emph. al;yzEg:, var. al;wzOg: n. m. thing robbed [Heb.]Lev 5:21, 23.

[BH lzEg:; DJPA 125b s.v lyzg, lzg(targumic only); DJBA274.]

ar;yzEg} n. f. rule, law, decision[Vogt 34 s.v. hrzg; ATTM 1:542, 2:369; DJPA 125; DJBA274; DSA142;LS2112; MD86.]

lzg vb. to rob (pe.)Lev 5:23.

[DJPA 125; DJBA275; MD86.]


71/336

EDWARD COOK48

rzg vb. to make covenant, circumcise, decree (pe.), to be cir-cumcised (ithpe.)

[DNWSI 220 #1; Vogt 34; ATTM 1:542, 2:368; DJPA 126; DJBA 276;DSA141; LSp36; LS2112; MD87.]

fg"n. f. document (of divorce) [Akk.]Deut 24:1, 3.

[Akk. git"t"u (Kaufman 52); DNWSI 221; ATTM 1:543, 2:369; DJA 38;

DJPA126; DJBA279; LS2113; MD89.]

rb;ygI, emph. ar;b;ygIn. m. giant, warrior[DNWSI211; Vogt 33 s.v. rbg; ATTM 1:541, 2:367 s.v. rbg; DJPA 127;DJBA277; DSA127; LS2103 s.v. )rBNG; MD73gabir.]

dyg I, emph. ad;ygI n. m. sinewGen 32:32.

[DNWSI221; ATTM1:543, 2:369; DJPA 127; DJBA277; DSA143; LSp36; LS2114; MD89.]

dyg II, emph. ad;ygI n. m. coriander [Heb.]Ex 16:31, Num 11:7.

[BH dG"; DSA128 s.v. dg(SamTgNum 11:7 only).]

hwyg, emph. at;wyUgE n. f. prideEx 15:1, 21.

[Vogt 34 s.v. hwg; ATTM 1:540, 2:366 s.v. hwag; DJPA 127 s.v. hwwyg(targumic only); DSA123 s.v.

wag; LS299; MD76.]

rwyOgI n. m. alien, proselyte[DNWSI222 (JPA); ATTM 2:365; DJA38; DJPA 127; DJBA278; DSA

138; LSp35; LS2110.]

twyg, m. pl. emph.ay:n"t;w}ygE adj. proudEx 15:1, 21.

[DJPA 127 (targums to Ex 15:21 only).]


72/336


syg, pl. emph. ay:s'sygIn. m. loins [Akk.]Lev 3:4,10, 15; 4:9; 7:4.

[Akk. gissu(Kaufman 52); DJBA282; LS2126; DSA155 s.v. ssg(fromTO); MD91; cp. DJPA 128 s.v. yg]

yg, emph.ap;y:g" n. m. adultererLev 20:10.

[DJPA 127 s.v. yyg(targumic only); DSA138 (SamTgLev 20:10 only.)]

apyg, emph. at;p]y:g" n. f. adulteressLev 20:10.[DSA138 (SamTgLev 20:10 only).]

ryg vb. to reside, convert (ithpa.)[DJPA 127; DJBA280; DSA138; LS2110.]

ryg I, pl. + suff. 1 sg. yr'rygI, var. yr'gI n. m. arrowDeut 32:42.

[DJPA 128; DJBA282; DSA 160 s.v. rg; LSp40; LS2 100 s.v. )r)G;MD92.]

rygI II n. m. chalkEx 16:14, var.; see s.v. rgdvb.[Vogt 34; ATTM1:543; DJPA128.]

tyg, pl. emph. yteygE n. m. herds [Pers.][Pers. gaitha;16ATTM2:369; DSA144 (from TO).]

lg, pl. emph. ylegIn. m. strawEx 5:12.

[DJBA280 s.v. alyg#1; DSA143 s.v. ylyg(from TO); LS2115; MD90.]

16 A. Tal, Language, p. 186; cf. J. C. Greenfield, On Some Iranian Terms in the

Elephantine Papyri: Aspects of Continuity,Al Kanfei Yonah,152.


73/336

EDWARD COOK50

lglg, pl. cs. ylEg}lgIn. m. wheelEx 14:25.

[DNWSI222; Vogt 34; ATTM1:544, 2:369; DJPA 129; DJBA285; DSA

147; LS2103; MD78gargla.]

wlg, pl. + suff. 2 m. sg. t;w:l]g:n. f. exile, those in exileDeut 30:3, 4.

[Vogt 35; ATTM 1:543, 2:369; DJPA 129; DJBA285; LSp37; LS2116;

MD93.]

lwlg, pl. abs. yliwlugIn. m. idol [Heb.]Num 23:21.[BHyliWLGI; DSA148.]

wlog}, var. vylg adj. baldLev 13:41.

[Cp. DJPA131 s.v. vylvlg, DSA149 s.v. vlg.]

wuwlog}, var. wuyleg}(q.v.) n. f. baldnessLev 13:42, 43.

jlg vb. to shave (pa.)[DJBA285.]

ylg I vb. to reveal (pe.), uncover (pa.), to be revealed (ithpe.), tobe uncovered (ithpa.)

The ithpaal occurs only in Gen 9:21 (wrongly pointed in Sperber as an

ittaphal).

[DNWSI223; Vogt 35 s.v. hlg; ATTM 1:543, 2:369; DJPA 129; DJBA286; DSA145; LSp37; LS2115; MD92.]

ylg II vb. to go into exile (pe.), to send into exile (aph.)


74/336


[This should be treated as a separate root from ylgI, as in Vogt 35 s.v. hlg,DJA 38, DJBA 286, contra DNWSI 223; ATTM 1:543; DJPA 129; LS2

115.]

dylig}n. m. ice, frostGen 31:40, Ex 16:14.

[ATTM1:543; DJPA 130; DJBA287; DSA145; LS2117.]

ylg n. m. mantleGen 25:25, var. for lkk(q.v.).[DJPA 130 s.v. hmylg; DJBA287; LS2118; BHwlg.]

wuyleg}n. f. baldnessLev 13:42, var. Lev 13:43.

llg vb. to roll (ithpo.)Gen 43:30.[ATTM1:543, 2:369; DJPA 130 (targumic only); DSA146; LS2115; MD

93; cf. DJBA285 s.v. lglg.]

lg vb. to carve (pe.) [Gk.]Ex 28:9, 11, 36; 39:6.

[Gk. glu&fw; DNWSI224; DJPA 131; DJBA288 (bowl); DSA148; LSp38; LS2119; MD94.]

l;g}n. m. carving, engraving

Ex 28:11, 21, 39:14.[DSA149; LSp38; LS2119.]

am;wgO, var. am'wgOn. m. papyrus reedsEx 2:3.

[DNWSI225 s.v. gm}; DJPA 131, DJBA289 s.v. ymg;; DSA149 s.v. amg;BH am,GO, MH ymiG.]


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rymig}adj. complete; wholly burntEx 28:31; 39:22; Lev 6:15-16; Num 4:6; Deut 13:17; 33:10.

[DNWSI227 s.v. gmr #4; Vogt 35; ATTM1:544, 2:370; DJA38; DJPA

131; DJBA289; LS2121; MD94.]

ar;ymeg}n. f. complete destruction; adv. completelyGen 18:21, 29 (noun); Ex 11:1, Num 23:9 (adv.).

[DJPA 131; DSA151; cf. LS2121 s.v. )YrwMG.]

lmg, emph. al;mg"n. m. camel[DNWSI226; DJPA 131; DJBA289; DSA150 #2; LSp38; LS2120; MD83.]

lmg vb. to repay17(pe.)Gen 50:15,17; Deut 32:6.

[DJPA 132; DSA150.]

rmg vb. to destroy completely (pa.)[ATTM1:544, 2:370; DJPA 132; DJBA290; LSp38; LS2121; MD94.]

ang, emph. at;n}gIn. f. garden[DNWSI 228 s.v. gnh; ATTM 1:544, 2:370 s.v. g; DJA 39; DJPA 133;DJBA281; DSA154; LSp38; LS2122; MD91.]

bng vb. to steal, kidnap (pe.), be stolen, kidnapped (ithpe.)[DNWSI227 #1; ATTM1:544; DJA39; DJPA 132; DJBA293; DSA151;

LSp38; LS2124; MD95.]

bn:g"n. m. thiefEx 22:1, 6-7; Deut 24:7.

[DNWSI227 #2; DJPA 132; DJBA293; DSA152; LS2124; MD77.]

17

Kaufman: to treat someone as is their due (JAOS114: 245).


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bwng, m. emph. ab;wnOg: adj. stolenGen 30:33.

abwng, emph. at;bwnUg}, var. atbyng n. f.act of theftEx 22:2, 3.

[DJBA 295; LS2 124; MD 96; cp. DJPA 133 s.v. hbng, DSA152 s.v. hbyng.]

zng vb. to store up (pe.)Gen 41:36, Deut 32:34 (passive ptcp. only).

[DJPA 133; DJBA295; DSA152; LSp39; LS2125.]

abyng n. f. See abwng.

ng vb. to cover, protect (aph.)Gen 7:16; Ex 33:22; Deut 33:12.[ATTM1:544; DJPA 133; DJBA296; DSA153; LSp38; LS2122.]

g, emph. ap;g"n. f. wingDeut 4:17 (var. apdg [q.v.]).[Vogt 35; ATTM 1:541 s.v. dg; DJPA 134; DJBA 297; DSA156; LSp40; LS2128; MD78.]

pg n. f. See pwg.

pg vb. to embrace (pa.)Gen 29:13; 33:4; 48:10.[DJPA 134; DSA156; LS2128.]

rg", var. rwg n. m. whelp, cubDeut 33:22.

[DJPA 124 s.v. rwg; DSA139 s.v. rwg; cf. DJBA272 s.v. ayrwg; LSp40s.v. gwry; LS2 130 s.v.)YrwG; MD 85 s.v. guria; cp. Akk. gerru, BHrWG.]


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brg, emph. ab;rg" n. m. scab, rashDeut 28:27.

[DNWSI233 #5; DJPA 135; DJBA298 (bowl); DSA157 #2; LSp40; LS2

130; MD92.]

b;rg" adj. scabby, having a rashLev 21:20, 22.

[LS2130.]

yrg vb. to incite, stir up (pa.), be incited, provoked (ithpa.)[DNWSI234; DJPA 135; DJBA300; DSA158; LS2129.]

srg, sg. + suff. 3 f. sg. hs'rgI n. m. crushed grainLev 2:16.

[DJPA 137 s.v. crg; DJBA 284 s.v. asryg; DSA 159; LS2 134 s.v.sYrG.]

axyrg, emph. at;x]yrig} n. f. cake[ATTM1:545; DJBA301; LS2135.]

rg, emph. am;rg" n. f. boneGen 2:23; 50:25; Ex 12:46; 13:19; Num 9:12; 19:16, 18.

[DNWSI 235 #1; Vogt 35; ATTM 1:545, 2:371; DJPA 136; DJBA 302;

DSA158; LSp40; LS2133; MD92.]

rg vb. to cause (pe.)Num 17:6.[DJPA 136; DJBA301.]

8/13/2019 A Glossary of Targ

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A Glossary of Targum Onkelos