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A Global Roadmap for Mainstreaming Biofortification into CGIAR Breeding Programs
Copyright: Micronutrient InitiativeWhy are Mineral and Vitamin Deficiencies Such A Significant Public Health Problem?
Dietary Diversity
0
50
100
150
200
250In
dia
Paki
stan
Ban
glad
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Dev
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Indi
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Paki
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Ban
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Wor
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Percent Changes in Cereal and Pulse Production and in Population Between 1965 and 1999
Cereals Pulses Population
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
CerealsMaximum During Time Period
Minimum During Time Period
Figure 2. Price Indices By Food Group for India, 1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index
Source: PersonalCommunication,JV Meenakshi, DelhiSchool of EconomicsThree-Year Averages
Pric
e In
dice
s
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200 Pulses
Vegetables
Fruits
Eggs,Meat &Fish
Maximum During Time Period
Minimum During Time Period
Figure 2. Price Indices By Food Group for India, 1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index
Source: PersonalCommunication,JV Meenakshi, DelhiSchool of EconomicsThree-Year Averages
Pric
e In
dice
s
Share of Energy Source & Food Budget in Rural Bangladesh
Non-Staple plants
Animal and Fish
Energy Source Food Budget
Staple foods
Consequences Mineral & Vitamin Deficiencies
Vitamin A deficiency• Supplements reduced child mortality by 23%• 375,000 children go blind each year
7
Zinc deficiency• increased incidence/severity diarrhea/pneumonia; stunting• 2 billion people at risk; 450,000 deaths per year
Iron deficiency• Impaired cognitive abilities that cannot be reversed• 82% of children < 2 years in India are anemic
Supply of Nutrients
From Agriculture
Present
A Primary Role of Agriculture Is To ProvideNutrients for Healthy Populations
Nutrient Gap
SupplementationAnd Fortification
Unreached Populations
Excerpt From Recent UNICEF Brochure
Cost Per Vitamin A Capsule $US 0.50-1.25 World Bank (2007)
Cost-effective: central one time investment
Photo: ICRISAT
Future
Supply of Nutrients
From Agriculture
Present
A Primary Role of Agriculture Is To ProvideNutrients for Healthy Populations
Nutrient Gap
SupplementationAnd FortificationSupplementation
And Fortification
Unreached Populations
Unreached Populations
Lentil
Rice Wheat Maize Pearl Millet
Sorghum
Cassava Orange Sweetpotato Potato
Banana Plantain
Beans Cowpea
Biofortified crops released in 30 countries In-testing in another 30 countries
>150 Varieties Released Across 12 crops
Nutritious crops released in 30 countries; in testing in another 30
Functional Outcomes
• Efficacy trials with provitamin A, iron, and zinc biofortified crops have also shown improved functional outcomes:–Improved cognitive function (iron)–Better work performance (iron)–Better sight adaptation to darkness
(provitamin A)–Reduced morbidity (zinc)
HarvestPlus Delivery Goals
Globally By 2030• One billion people will be benefitting from
biofortified nutritious foods.Short-Term Goal By 2020• 100 million people in farm households will be
growing and consuming biofortified nutritious food crops
By the End of 2016• 20 million people in farm households
Severity of Micronutrient Deficiencies:Vitamin A, Iron, and Zinc
Source: World Health Organization (WHO) children under 5 prevalence data
Crop Africa South Asia TOTAL
Rice 125,124 1,130,648 2,006,869Wheat 107,419 987,887 1,547,872Maize 256,286 67,481 581,532Cassava 174,719 16,263 259,271Groundnut 49,335 6,595 227,864Millet 82,889 81,977 167,885Sorghum 104,694 59,129 164,842Potato 13,464 46,465 122,764Beans, dry 39,258 26,384 116,246Barley 14,771 7,037 100,192Plantain 36,424 19 92,109Banana 6,751 11,345 57,811Yam 42,787 0 42,966Sweetpotato 23,789 3,008 36,478Lentils 603 11,589 12,999
Average Total Consumption (Million Calories Per Day)
Note: Total = All Developing Countries; Source = FAO, 2002-2004
Consumption
Average Calories/day from 2002-04
('000,000)
CropAfricaLatin AmericaSouth AsiaCentral AsiaSoutheast AsiaTOTAL
Banana6,75127,47811,34590211,33657,811
Barley14,77120,6597,03753,3994,326100,192
Beans, dry39,25842,32526,38408,278.88116,246
Cassava174,71924,21416,263044,074.52259,271
CowpeasNo Data
Groundnut49,3355,2916,595271166,372227,864
Lentils60380711,5890012,999
Maize256,286190,75967,4813,10063,906581,532
Millet82,889081,9771,7991,221167,885
PigeonpeaNo Data
Plantain36,42429,30319026,36492,109
Potato13,46418,60846,46540,9033,324122,764
Rice125,12475,2381,130,64814,880660,9792,006,869
Sorghum104,6941,01959,12900164,842
Sweetpotao23,7892,1553,00807,52636,478
Wheat107,419154,173987,887227,19771,1961,547,872
Yam42,78799008042,966
Total1,078,315592,1262,455,826342,4521,068,984
Calories per capita1,6731,4611,7411,7042,373
Ave Population 2002-04 (1000)644,407405,4251,410,300201,020450,532
AngolaArgentinaBangladeshKazakhstanCambodia
BeninBrazilIndiaKyrgyzstanIndonesia
BotswanaBelizeMaldivesRussian FederationLaos
Burkina FasoBoliviaNepalTajikistanMyanmar
BurundiCosta RicaPakistanTurkmenistanPhilippines
CameroonEcuadorSri LankaUzbekistanViet Nam
Central African RepublicEl Salvador
ChadGuatemala
Congo, Dem Republic ofHonduras
Côte d'IvoireMexico
DjiboutiParaguay
EritreaPeru
Estonia
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Latvia
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Tanzania, United Rep of
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Ranking
CropAfricaLatin AmericaSouth AsiaCentral AsiaSoutheast AsiaTOTAL
Rice125,12475,2381,130,64814,880660,9792,006,869
Wheat107,419154,173987,887227,19771,1961,547,872
Maize256,286190,75967,4813,10063,906581,532
Cassava174,71924,21416,263044,074259,271
Groundnut49,3355,2916,595271166,372227,864
Millet82,889081,9771,7991,221167,885
Sorghum104,6941,01959,12900164,842
Potato13,46418,60846,46540,9033,324122,764
Beans, dry39,25842,32526,38408,278.88116,246
Barley14,77120,6597,03753,3994,326100,192
Plantain36,42429,30319026,36492,109
Banana6,75127,47811,34590211,33657,811
Yam42,78799008042,966
Sweetpotato23,7892,1553,00807,52636,478
Lentils60380711,5890012,999
BeninBrazilIndiaKyrgyzstanIndonesia
BotswanaBelizeMaldivesRussian FederationLaos
Burkina FasoBoliviaNepalTajikistanMyanmar
BurundiCosta RicaPakistanTurkmenistanPhilippines
CameroonEcuadorSri LankaUzbekistanViet Nam
Central African RepublicEl Salvador
ChadGuatemala
Congo, Dem Republic ofHonduras
Côte d'IvoireMexico
DjiboutiParaguay
EritreaPeru
Estonia
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Latvia
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Tanzania, United Rep of
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Sheet2
Sheet3
How to Get the Job Done by 2030
Big Push!$160m
Hub & Spoke Scale Up$410m
Big Pull!$20m
Ensure that an on-going supply of germplasm is available of the right quality, nutritional value
and most desired traits
Ensure biofortification is embedded into national and
international policy, and implemented across the supply
chain through Technical Assistance in 30 Countries
Generate global demand for biofortified foods & ingredients
by partnering with public & private sectors to develop sustainable procurement
policies
Role: CORENo change
Renew focus on Mainstreaming Rice, Maize, Wheat
Role: CORENo change
Scale Up from 8 to 30 countriesCreate Knowledge hubs
Research & Technical assistanceEducation & Extension Services
Role: DIFFERS MARKET BY MARKET:
Public Private PartnershipsSustainable Inclusive Biz models
Capability Building
HarvestPlus in Bangadesh
GO- 5NGO- 25PS- 2 associations
(300 seed companies)
Additional Crop in Cropping Pattern
AmanSharna
(155 days)
Fallow
(70 Days)
BoroBRRI dhan28
(140 days)Bef
ore
Now
AmanBRRI dhan62(100 days)
BoroBRRI dhan64/ BRRI dhan28
(135- 140 days)
Mustard/ lentil/ vegetables
(125-130 days)
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Share of Energy Source & Food Budget in Rural BangladeshConsequences Mineral & Vitamin DeficienciesSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12>150 Varieties Released Across 12 cropsFunctional OutcomesHarvestPlus Delivery GoalsSeverity of Micronutrient Deficiencies:�Vitamin A, Iron, and ZincSlide Number 17How to Get the Job Done by 2030HarvestPlus in BangadeshAdditional Crop in Cropping Pattern