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5=9

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‥   Kiàtf ]awogw3 }f`}bf aitf g`jj`k wfkwf nk`xbflhfie`v| |af }awogib x`ubl+

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tou|vib x`ubl" TU ok|fudigfw ibb`x vwfuw |` }fud`uj |iwnwufbi|otf |` |af e`l !fh`gfk|uog/+ G`k|fq| ixiuf `u wfkwokhww|fjw ji g`j}v|f vwfuw b`gi|o`k ikl `uofk|i|o`k" ikllow}bi okd`uji|o`k |ai| g`uufw}`klw |` |af vwfu‟w }`wo|o`kok }awogib w}igf ^1" ?Z+

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5=5

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FIW/+  Vbbjfu" Owaoo" ikl Cig`e k`|f |ai| |ikhoebf

ok|fuig|o`kw iuf ‒`ewfutiebf xo|a e`|a towvib ikl ai}|ogj`libo|ofw ikl luix `k w`jf `d avjikw‟ j`w| eiwognk`xbflhf ie`v| |af efaito`u `d |af }awogib x`ubl‚ ^<1Z!K]/+ Lowgvwwokh veoyvo|`vw g`j}v|okh" Ie`xl fq}biokw"‒o| ow |af h`ib `d |afwf ki|vuib ok|fudigfw |` wv}}`u| g`jj`kd`ujw `d avjik fq}ufwwo`k ikl bftfuihf j`uf `d `vu oj}bogo| ig|o`kw ok |af x`ubl‚ ^9Z !WIW" FIW/+ \inokh |aow iw|f} dvu|afu" af xuo|fw" ‒Avjikw w}fin" hfw|vuf" ikl vwfxuo|okh v|fkwobw |` g`jjvkogi|f xo|a `|afu avjikw iklib|fu }awogib iu|odig|w+ \afwf ki|vuib ig|o`kw gik ikl wa`vbl

 ef vwfl iw fq}bogo| `u oj}bogo| ok}v| |` veog`j} ww|fjw‚ 

!WIW" FIW" EIW/+ W|ufo|s ihuffw |ai| |af ufib x`ubl iu`vklvw wa`vbl ef |af w|iu|okh }`ok| d`u lfwohkokh |af avjik*g`j}v|fu ok|fuig|o`k `d |af dv|vuf ^<<Z+

@|afu ufgfk| }i}fuw d`gvw `k w}fgodog kfx lftogfw `u ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw ikl k`|f okw}oui|o`kw du`j i }iu|ogvbiu iw}fg| `d |af ufib x`ubl" g`uufw}`klokh xo|a |af UEO |afjfwjfk|o`kfl ie`tf+

K] g`kgf}|w xfuf okgbvlfl ok wftfuib ufgfk| }i}fuw+]`v}uft" Kfx|`k*Lvkk ikl Eiv vwf |af jf|i}a`u `d iou 

  eveebfw xafk x`unokh xo|a i jvb|odigf|fl low}bi+‒Ojihokf i hbiww eibb dobbfl xo|a xi|fu xo|a i wjibb eveebf`d iou okwolf+ Iw xf u`|i|f |af eibb |af iou eveebf j`tfw |`|af |`}+ Od |af eveebf ow i }`ok|fu ikl |afuf iuf ojihfw `k|af wvudigf `d |af eibb" o+f+ og`kw" xf gik wfbfg| `kf eibohkokh |af eveebf xo|a |af og`k‚ ^74Z+ D`ubokfw ikl Wafk

fq}biok |ai|3 ‒e j`tokh |afou |x` dokhfuw i}iu| loih`kibb"|af vwfu g`k|u`bw |af s``j bftfb `d |af bfkw towvibosi|o`k + + +\af ij`vk| `d s``j ow gibgvbi|fl |` hotf |af i}}fiuikgf|ai| |af |iebf|`} ow w|uf|gaokh vklfu |af vwfu‟w dokhfuw+ \afufow ik obbvwo`k `d i }boiebf uveefu wvudigf‚ ^5=Z+ I}|flfq}biokw |af idd`ulikgfw `d |af \iebf|`} ww|fj ok |fujw `d K]3  ‒W`jf `d |afwf idd`ulikgfw iuf lfuotfl du`jfyvotibfk|" }vufb }awogib ok|fuig|o`kw |ai| `ggvu xo|a

  }uok|fl }a`|`hui}aw + + + \` jiok|iok |af bokn xo|a |af

Dohvuf 5+ \af d`vu UEO |afjfw+

GAO 5==1 ]u`gfflokhw ]`w|*XOJ] I}uob 6*9=" 5==1 Db`ufkgf" O|iby

5=7

8/3/2019 A framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces

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  }awogib x`ubl" vwfuw ok|fuig| `kb xo|a }a`|`hui}aw“|afufiuf k` ev||`kw" jfkvw `u |``beiuw |` ef kitohi|fl‚ ^<Z+

Jik `|afu ww|fjw luix v}`k EIW+ D`u fqij}bf"Ìkhfwbftì" f| ib+ g`kgfotfl ik okd`uji|o`k w|`uihf ww|fjd`u }`u|iebf lftogfw ‒lfwohkfl |` fiwf g`hko|otf b`il eufbokh `k `vu }u`}uo`gf}|otf wfkwf ikl |af vwf `d |af e`lojihf `d |af vwfu iw i jkfj`kog duijf `d ufdfufkgf‚ ^7Z+Evvu" Cfkwfk" ikl Lcicilokokhui| }u`}`wfl |x` okk`ti|otf

lfwohk jf|a`lw d`u |ikhoebf ok|fuig|o`k |ai| fj}b` ihufi|fu uikhf `d avjik ig|o`kw+ \af gbioj |ai|3‒Gvuufk|b" |af ig|o`kw ufyvoufl e fbfg|u`kog }u`lvg|w iufbojo|fl |` }vwaokh" wbolokh ikl u`|i|okh+ _f| avjikw iufgi}iebf `d diu j`uf g`j}bfq ig|o`kw3 Avjik lfq|fuo| owaohab ufdokfl+ \aow d`gvw `k ig|o`kw ufyvoufw iufg`kwolfui|o`k `d |af lfwohk }u`gfww+‚ ^99Z+

 Kfx ok|fudigfw ibw` |inf iltik|ihf `d FIW+ D`u fqij}bf" ihu`v} x`unokh xo|a i kfx huiw}iebf aiklbf xo|a i|uikw}iufk| hb`tf k`|fl |ai| |af ‒huiw}iebf aiklbf fkiebfw|af vwfu |` }fud`uj i a`blokh ig|o`k ki|vuibb“|af j`w|

 eiwog ig|o`k xafk }awogibb aiklbokh i gvutfl wai}f ok |afufib x`ubl‚ ^6Z+ T`hfb ikl Eibinuowakik w}fgodogibbjfk|o`k |af efkfdo|w `d ufibo|3 ‒Xafk i low}bi wvudigf gikwfkwf |`vga" wfbfg|okh o|fjw e |i}}okh xo|a `vu dokhfu `u i }fk ow ojjfloi|fb i}}fibokh" iw o| jojogw ufib x`ublok|fuig|o`k‚ 67Z+

Dokibb" jik fjfuhokh ok|fudigfw xfuf lfwohkfl xo|a WIW

g`kgf}|w ok jokl+ Lognof" f| ib+ fq}biok |ai|3 ‒Ok ffB``n"xf j`lfbfl `vu lfwohk w|ui|fh `k |af j`w| w|uonokhjf|i}a`u itiobiebf3 |ai| `d avjik hu`v} g`jjvkogi|o`k ․E okg`u}`ui|okh ff g`k|ig| wfkwokh ok|` j`eobf lftogfw"xf hotf |afj |af ieobo| |` ufg`hkosf ikl ig| v}`k okki|favjik k`ktfueib |vuk |inokh gvfw‚ ^96Z+ Wjo|a" Tfu|fhiib"ikl W`ak vwf wojobiu cvw|odogi|o`k d`u |afou lfwohk3 ‒vwfuwiuf ibw` tfu dijoboiu xo|a |af vwf `d |afou ffw iw i jfikwd`u wfbfg|okh |af |iuhf| `d |afou g`jjiklw" iw |af vwf ffg`k|ig| |` ufhvbi|f |afou g`jjvkogi|o`kw xo|a `|afuw‚ ^<7Z+I}|fl" Ni" ikl Yvohbf ibw` fj}b` WIW ok |afou lfwohk3‒\af ki|vuf `d i |iebf|`} ok|fudigf jinfw o| tfu ki|vuib |`vwf ok i w`goib wf||okh xo|a |x` `u j`uf }f`}bf‚ ^<Z+

Ok wvjjiu" ufwfiugafuw `d|fk bftfuihf vwfuw‟ nk`xbflhfikl wnobbw `d ok|fuig|o`k xo|a |af ufib x`ubl+ Xf `ewfutfl|ai| |aow nk`xbflhf okgbvlfw kiàtf }awogw" iw xfbb iw e`l"fktou`kjfk| ikl w`goib ixiufkfww ikl wnobbw+ Ib|a`vha |afufwfiugafuw lol k`| fq}bogo|b ufdfu |` |afwf ufibo|*eiwfl|afjfw" |af jilf lfwohk ga`ogfw ufdbfg|okh |af wijf

 }uokgo}bfw+

GAO 5==4 X`unwa`}Xf d`vkl ik`|afu w`vugf `d wv}}`u|okh ftolfkgf d`u |afUEO g`kgf}| du`j i x`unwa`} xf g`klvg|fl i| |af GAO5==4 g`kdfufkgf+ Fk|o|bfl %Xai| ow |af Kfq| Hfkfui|o`k `d Avjik*G`j}v|fu Ok|fuig|o`k0%" |af x`unwa`} eu`vha||`hf|afu ufwfiugafuw du`j i uikhf `d fjfuhokh iufiw ok AGO|` b``n d`u g`jj`k hu`vkl ikl i g`jj`k vklfuw|iklokh`d i kfq| hfkfui|o`k avjik*g`j}v|fu ok|fuig|o`k w|bf ^58Z+O| efhik xo|a |af wijf eiwog yvfw|o`kw |ai| xf iuf |uokh |`w`btf afuf" ev| bfd| |af ikwxfuw `}fk |` ok}v| du`j |af

  }iu|ogo}ik|w+ Ok uftofxokh |af lowgvwwo`kw ikl eufin`v|hu`v}w" xf b``nfl d`u olfiw |ai| wv}}`u| `u g`k|uilog| `vu k`|o`k d ufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k+

Xf `ewfutfl hfkfuib ihuffjfk| |ai| |af d`gvw ow waod|okhixi du`j |af lfwn|`} ikl |ai| |fgak`b`h ow j`tokh ok|`kfx l`jiokw+ Xf ibw` d`vkl |ai| jik `d |afg`jj`kibo|ofw |ai| |af eufin`v| hu`v}w olfk|odofl xfufgb`wfb g`kkfg|fl |` ufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k" d`u fqij}bf"

fq}b`o|okh vwfuw( fqow|okh nk`xbflhf ie`v| loddfufk|ji|fuoibw ikl d`ujw |` g`jjvkogi|f wk|iq+ Ok i xui}*v}wfwwo`k lowgvwwokh UEO" xf d`vkl h``l wv}}`u| d`u |afufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k g`kgf}| ev| fq}ufwwfl ok i tiuof|`d loddfufk| |fujok`b`hofw" ikl xo|a w`jf kfx olfiw ikllojfkwo`kw illfl |` o| ^58Z+

Okd`ujib Dofbl W|vly

Xf ibw` ok|futofxfl i dfx ufwfiugafuw ie`v| |afou lfwohk }u`gfwwfw ok ik okd`ujib dofbl w|vl+ \af ok|futofxw xfufl`kf xo|a i l`sfk huilvi|f w|vlfk|w du`j |af Jfloi Bie i|JO\+ K`kf `d |af ok|futofxffw ail effk fq}`wfl |` |afUEO g`kgf}|w efd`uf |af ok|futofx+ \x` ok|fufw|okhfqij}bfw iuf lowgvwwfl efb`x+

Cijfw \fkh du`j |af Ijeofk| Ok|fbbohfkgf Hu`v} lowgvwwfl|af Fkhokf*Okd` }u`cfg| ^75Z" ik flvgi|o`kib giu fkhokf xo|a|uikw}`klfuw i| loddfufk| nf }bigfw+ \af vwfu afiuwlfwguo}|o`kw ikl fq}biki|o`kw |au`vha i Ebvf|``|a ivlo`fiu}ofgf eiwfl `k |af okdfuufl loufg|o`k |ai| |af vwfu owb``nokh+ Cijfw lfwguoefl |af ok|fuig|o`k `d |af vwfu iw efokh‒j`uf ok|vo|otf‚ wokgf |af vwfu ibufil nk`xw a`x |`oklogi|f }iu|w `d ok|fufw| !e woj}b d`gvwokh `kf‟w hisf/!EIW/+ \aow x`un |infw ‒iltik|ihf `d |af }awogib x`ubl‚wokgf `v gik xibn iu`vkl" vklfuw|ikl |af wgibf" iklloufg|b wff a`x tiuo`vw g`j}`kfk|w iuf g`kkfg|fl !FIW/+

Du`j |af @ecfg|*Eiwfl Jfloi Hu`v}" Cfftik Nibiko|ao

lfwguoefl |af lfwohk ui|o`kibf efaokl G`kkfg|oebfw ^51Z" i|ikhoebf w`goib kf|x`unokh ok|fudigf+ Af k`|ogfl |ai| }f`}bfaitf jfikokhdvb w`goib efaito`uw fw|iebowafl ok |af ufibx`ubl" wvga iw hod| hotokh+ G`kkfg|oebfw ow ik ‒ojo|i|o`k `d w`goib ufibo|‚“}f`}bf jvw| }awogibb hotf |af `ecfg| !igvw|`josiebf ok|fuig|otf nff}winf/ |` ik`|afu }fuw`k d`u |ai| }fuw`k |` g`bbfg| o| ikl ok|fuig| xo|a o| !WIW/+ Af k`|fl|ai| |aow g`k|uiw|w xo|a jik `kbokf w`goib kf|x`unokhok|fudigfw" ok |ai| |af }awogib `ecfg|w iuf j`uf wgiugf iklfq}fkwotf |aik loho|ib `kfw" }fuai}w ufwvb|okh okG`kkfg|oebfw low}biokh i ef||fu uf}ufwfk|i|o`k `d i

 }fuw`k‟w gb`wf ufbi|o`kwao}w+

OJ]BOGI\O@KW D@U LFWOHK

V} |` |aow }`ok|" xf aitf gbiojfl ikl }ufwfk|fl w`jfftolfkgf |ai| |af |afjfw `d UEO iuf i h``l gaiuig|fuosi|o`k`d nf g`jj`kibo|ofw ij`kh fjfuhokh ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw+ Okg`kwolfuokh |af oj}bogi|o`kw `d |af UEO duijfx`un d`u lfwohk" xf dvu|afu wvhhfw| |ai| |af |ufkl |`xiulw okgufiwokhufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k ow i }`wo|otf `kf+ Eiwokhok|fuig|o`k `k }uf*fqow|okh ufib x`ubl nk`xbflhf ikl wnobbwji uflvgf |af jfk|ib fdd`u| ufyvoufl |` `}fui|f i ww|fj

 efgivwf vwfuw ibufil }`wwfww |af wnobbw kfflfl+ D`u giwvibvwf" |aow uflvg|o`k joha| w}ffl bfiukokh+ D`u vwf ok

GAO 5==1 ]u`gfflokhw ]`w|*XOJ] I}uob 6*9=" 5==1 Db`ufkgf" O|iby

5=<

8/3/2019 A framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-framework-for-post-wimp-interfaces 5/10

 wo|vi|o`kw okt`btokh okd`uji|o`k `tfub`il" |ojf }ufwwvuf" `u w|ufww" |aow uflvg|o`k `d `tfuafil fdd`u| ji oj}u`tf

 }fud`ujikgf+ I}}bokh UEO g`kgf}|w wvga iw kiàtf }awogw|` ik ok|fudigf lfwohk ji ibw` fkg`vuihf oj}u`towi|o`kikl fq}b`ui|o`k efgivwf vwfuw l` k`| kffl |` bfiukok|fudigf*w}fgodog wnobbw+

A`xftfu" woj}b jinokh ik ok|fudigf iw ufibo|*eiwfl iw  }`wwoebf ow k`| wvddogofk|+ I vwfdvb ok|fudigf xobb uiufb

fk|oufb jojog |af ufib x`ubl" ev| xobb kfgfwwiuob okgbvlfw`jf vkufibow|og `u iu|odogoib dfi|vufw ikl g`jjiklw+ Okdig|" jvga `d |af }`xfu `d vwokh g`j}v|fuw g`jfw du`j|aow jvb|o}bofu fddfg|“|af ieobo| |` h` ef`kl i }ufgowfojo|i|o`k `d |af ufib x`ubl+ D`u fqij}bf" ok i HVO" `kfjoha| xik| |` h` ef`kl ufibow|ogibb }`ok|okh |` iklluihhokh oklotolvib dobfw |` j`uf iew|uig| g`jjiklw bonf

 Iugaotf ibb dobfw `blfu |aik 91= liw `u  Lfbf|f ibb dobfw |ai| 

g`k|iok |af |fq| w|uokh ‒ufibo|*eiwfl‚ ^78" <9Z+ Lfwohkfuwjvw| w|uonf i eibikgf ef|xffk |af }`xfu `d |afou ok|fudigfikl o|w bftfb `d ufibo|+ Jik lfwohkfuw jinf |afwflfgowo`kw oj}bogo|b ok |afou x`un !wffk ok |af uftofx `d gvuufk| ufwfiuga ie`tf/+ \af UEO duijfx`un jinfw |afwf

lfwohk |uilf`ddw fq}bogo| ikl }u`tolfw fq}biki|`u }`xfu d`u vklfuw|iklokh |af g`w|w ikl efkfdo|w `d wvga lfgowo`kw+

\uilf`ddw

Iw k`|fl ie`tf" jojognokh ufibo| ib`kf ow k`| fk`vha>|afuf iuf |ojfw xafk UEO }uokgo}bfw wa`vbl ef |uilflihiokw| `|afu g`kwolfui|o`kw+ Xf }u`}`wf |ai| |af h`ib ow |`hotf v} ufibo| `kb fq}bogo|b ikl `kb ok uf|vuk d`u `|afu lfwoufl yvibo|ofw" wvga iw3

‥   Fq}ufwwotf ]`xfu3 o+f+" vwfuw gik }fud`uj i tiuof| `d |iwnw xo|aok |af i}}bogi|o`k l`jiok 

‥  Fddogofkg3 vwfuw gik }fud`uj i |iwn ui}olb 

‥  Tfuwi|obo|3 vwfuw gik }fud`uj jik |iwnw du`j loddfufk|i}}bogi|o`k l`jiokw 

‥  Fuh`k`jogw3 vwfuw gik }fud`uj i |iwn xo|a`v| }awogibokcvu `u di|ohvf 

‥  Iggfwwoeobo|3 vwfuw xo|a i tiuof| `d ieobo|ofw gik }fud`uji |iwn  

‥  ]uig|ogibo|3 |af ww|fj ow }uig|ogib |` lftfb`} ikl }u`lvgf 

\afwf yvibo|ofw iuf lowgvwwfl efb`x iw |uilf`ddw ikl |afiuf nf |` `vu ikibwow `d |af giwf w|vlofw ok |af kfq|wfg|o`k+ Dohvuf 7" dvu|afu obbvw|ui|fw |afwf |uilf`ddw+ K`|f|ai| xaobf |af UEO duijfx`un fq}bogo|b aohaboha|w lfwohk

|uilf`ddw" o| l`fw k`| }u`tolf i w|uvg|vufl jf|a`l`b`h d`u lowgvwwokh |afwf |uilf`ddw+ Ui|afu" fj}b`okh |af LfwohkW}igf Ikibwow ^7=Z jf|a`l`b`h xaobf lowgvwwokh |afwf|uilf`ddw gik afb} xo|a w|uvg|vuokh |af lowgvwwo`k iklg`j}iuokh ib|fuki|otf `}|o`kw+ Ok |fujw `d |af Yvfw|o`kw@}|o`kw ikl Guo|fuoi !Y@G/ k`|i|o`k vwfl d`u uf}ufwfk|okh iLfwohk W}igf Ikibwow" |af }uokgo}bfw xf lowgvww efb`x gik

 ef vwfl |` d`uj yvfw|o`kw+

Ufibo|y tw+ Fq}ufwwotf ]`xfu 

\af fq}ufwwotf }`xfu" `u dvkg|o`kibo|" `d i ww|fj ow `d|fkwffk iw o|w j`w| oj}`u|ik| g`k|uoev|o`k" ib|a`vha o| owk`|iebf |ai| j`uf dfi|vufw l` k`| ibxiw ufwvb| ok i ef||fu ww|fj“dfi|vuf guff} gik jinf ik ok|fudigf |`` loddogvb|"g`j}bfq" `u vkxofbl |` vwf ^79Z+ Ok w`jf giwfw o| ow ef||fu |` }uotobfhf |af fq}ufwwotf }`xfu `d i ww|fj> ok `|afu giwfwo| ow ef||fu |` bojo| dvkg|o`kibo| ok dit`u `d ufibowj+ D`u fqij}bf" ok |af Evj}|`} ww|fj ^5Z l`gvjfk|w ikl dobfwiuf iuuikhfl ok i tou|vib" |auff*lojfkwo`kib w}igf+ \afwf`ecfg|w gik ef w|ignfl" wafbtfl" guvj}bfl" ikl |`wwfl

iu`vkl ok i tou|vib u``j" ev| |af gikk`| ef }bigfl ok ig`j}bfq |uff w|uvg|vuf `d d`blfuw+ \aow }bigfw i bojo| `k |affq}ufwwotf }`xfu `d |af ww|fj" hotokh v} }`wwoebfdvkg|o`kibo| ok `ulfu |` jiok|iok |af gbfiu tou|vib 7L w}igf+

Ufibo|y tw+ Fddogofkgy 

Xaobf xibnokh ow k`| vwvibb iw diw| iw luotokh" w`jf|ojfw o|ow }ufdfuiebf |` vwf wnobbw |ai| iuf iw fiw iw xibnokh ui|afu |aik }uotobfhokh fddogofkg+ \aow |uilf`dd ow gbfiu xafkfqijokokh |af loddfufkgfw ef|xffk ww|fjw lfwohkfl d`u fq}fu| ikl k`togf+ Ik fq}fu| tolf` flo|`u xobb `d|fk afitobufb `k a`|nfw !nfe`iul wa`u|gv|w d`u g`jj`k dfi|vufw/+D`u fq}fu|w" o| ow oj}`u|ik| |ai| |af ok|fudigf ibb`x |afj |`iggfww g`jjiklw tfu yvognb+ D`u i k`togf tolf` flo|`u"

ik ok|fudigf xo|a i ufibo|*eiwfl lfwohk" wvga iw |af\ikhoebf Tolf` Flo|`u ^64Z |ai| ibb`xw tolf` gbo}w |` ef }v||`hf|afu bonf i cohwix }vssbf" ji ef }ufdfuiebf+

Ufibo|y tw+ Tfuwi|obo|y 

I wokhbf HVO eiwfl ww|fj gik ef vwfl |` }fud`uj i tiuof|`d |iwnw wvga iw flo|okh dobjw" xuo|okh g`lf" `u gai||okh xo|aduofklw+ @k |af `|afu aikl" i \VO ww|fj" wvga iw |af\ikhoebf Tolf` Flo|`u ^64Z `kb bf|w `v g`j}bf|f i wokhbf|iwn" flo| tolf` gbo}w" xaobf ibb`xokh d`u i aohafu lfhuff `d ufibowj+

Ufibo|y tw+ Fuh`k`jogw

Uf}f|o|otf w|ufww okcvuofw ikl di|ohvf gik ef givwfl e w`jf

ok|fudigfw ^6<Z+ Ok lfwohkokh i kfx ok|fudigf o| ow oj}`u|ik||` g`kwolfu fuh`k`jogw ikl |afwf g`kwolfui|o`kw ji`}}`wf UEO h`ibw+

Ufibo|y tw+ Iggfwwoeobo|y 

Ufibow|og ig|o`kw ji k`| ef olfib d`u |af lowiebfl+ \afufiuf jik giwfw xafk ufboikgf `k w|uog| ufibowj gik }uftfk|w`jf vwfuw du`j ok|fuig|o`k" jinokh |af ok|fudigf bfwwiggfwwoebf+ Ok |aow giwf" |af vwf `d bfww ufibow|og iew|uig|o`kwikl |``bw ji ef }ufdfuiebf+

Dohvuf 7+ UEO lfwohk |uilf`ddw+ Iw i w}fgodog fqij}bf" |af l`||fl

bokf wa`xw |af |uilf`dd ef|xffk |af ufibo|y FIW |afjf ikl

fddogofkgy" xaoga ggvuw ok Giwf W|vly <+

GAO 5==1 ]u`gfflokhw ]`w|*XOJ] I}uob 6*9=" 5==1 Db`ufkgf" O|iby

5=6

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 Ufibo|y tw+ ]uig|ogibo|y 

]uig|ogib ji||fuw wvga iw g`w|" |fgak`b`hogib bojo|i|o`kw"w}igf" wosf" lvuieobo|" }`xfu g`kwvj}|o`k" iklfktou`kjfk|ib oj}ig| iuf ibw` ufbftik| d`u lfwohkfuw iklji ef |uilfl `dd ihiokw| ufibowj+

Wvjjiuy 

Dohvuf 7 low}biw w`jf `d |af |uilf`ddw |ai| ji efg`kwolfufl |au`vha`v| |af lfwohk `d ik UEO ok|fudigf+ O|

wa`xw |af UEO |afjfw" `k |af bfd| wolf" |uilfl ihiokw| |afyvibo|ofw lfwguoefl ie`tf" `k |af uoha| wolf+ Xf }u`}`wf itofx |ai| olfk|odofw w`jf duig|o`k `d i vwfu ok|fudigf iw

  eiwfl `k |af UEO |afjfw }bvw w`jf `|afu duig|o`k |ai|  }u`tolfw g`j}v|fu*`kb dvkg|o`kibo| |ai| ow k`| ufibow|og+Iw i lfwohk i}}u`iga `u jf|uog" |af h`ib x`vbl ef |` jinf|af douw| gi|fh`u iw biuhf iw }`wwoebf ikl vwf |af wfg`kl`kb iw kfgfwwiu" aohaboha|okh |af |uilf`dd fq}bogo|b ^<6Z+

D`u fqij}bf" g`kwolfu |afgaiuig|fu Wv}fujik+ Af xibnwiu`vkl ikl efaitfw ok jikxiw bonf ik avjik+ Af aiww`jf illo|o`kib dvkg|o`kw d`u xaoga |afuf ow k` ikib`h okavjikw" wvga iw dbokh ikl Q*ui towo`k+ Xafk l`okhufibow|og ig|o`kw" af vwfw aowufib x`ubl g`jjiklw“ xibnokh" j`tokh aow afil" iklb``nokh iu`vkl+ Ev| af w|obbkfflw w`jf illo|o`kib k`k ufibx`ubl g`jjiklw d`u dbokhikl Q*ui towo`k" xaoga ibb`xaoj |` }fud`uj |iwnw ok i j`uffddogofk| xi" cvw| bonf ig`j}v|fu }u`tolfw fq|ui

  }`xfu+ Ok |af lfwohk `d iufibo|*eiwfl ok|fudigf xf gikh` i w|f} dvu|afu ikl iwn |ai||afwf k`k ufib x`ubl g`jjiklw ef ikib`h`vw |` w`jfufibow|og g`vk|fu}iu|+ D`u fqij}bf" ok i tou|vib ufibo|ok|fudigf" i ww|fj joha| |uign vwfuw‟ ff j`tfjfk|w" vwokhok|fkwf d`gvw `k ik `ecfg| iw |af g`jjikl d`u Q*ui towo`k^<4Z+

Xf joha| dvu|afu lotolf |af k`k*ufibow|og }iu| `d |afok|fudigf ok|` lfhuffw `d ufibowj !q*ui e d`gvw tw+ ejfkv }ogn/+ \af lfwohkfu(w h`ib wa`vbl ef |` ibb`x |af vwfu |` }fud`uj ufibow|og |iwnw ufibow|ogibb" |` }u`tolf illo|o`kibk`k ufib*x`ubl dvkg|o`kibo|" ikl |` vwf ikib`hofw d`u |afwf

g`jjiklw xafkftfu }`wwoebf+ Xf wa`vbl vwf ig`ktfk|o`kib xibnokh hfw|vuf |` xibn“vkbfww vwokh i bfwwki|vuib g`jjikl x`vbl }u`tolf fq|ui }`xfu !f+h+ w}ffl"iv|`ji|og u`v|f doklokh/+ \af lfwohkfu wa`vbl k`| hotf v}|af ufibo| `d |af xibnokh g`jjikl boha|b" k`| xo|a`v|hiokokh w`jf illfl fddogofkg+

GIWF W\VLOFW

Ok |af d`bb`xokh giwf w|vlofw" xf wa`x fqij}bfw `d lfwohkw|ai| e`|a ilafuf |` figa `d `vu UEO |afjfw ikl w|ui du`j|afwf |afjfw |` jinf i |uilf`dd+ @vu ikibwow jinfwfq}bogo| |af olfi |ai| hotokh v} w`jf ufibo| ji efx`u|axaobf `kb xafk w`jf `|afu tibvf ow hiokfl+

Giwf W|vly 93 VU]

VU] ^<?Z ow i |ikhoebf vwfu ok|fudigf !\VO/ d`u vueik

 }bikkokh |ai| ibb`xw vwfuw |` }bigf j`lfbw `d evoblokhw `kik ok|fuig|otf wvudigf g`bbie`ui|otfb !Dohvuf 6/+ VU]ufw}`klw e `tfubiokh loho|ib okd`uji|o`k `k|` |af wvudigfwvga iw i uf}ufwfk|i|o`k `d |af wail`xw |ai| evoblokhw xobbgiw| i| loddfufk| |ojfw `d li" |af }i||fuk `d xokl iw o| db`xw|au`vha |af vueik w}igf" ikl |af hbiuf givwfl e |af wvkufdbfg|okh `dd loddfufk| evoblokh wvudigf ji|fuoibw+ VU] ibw`

  }u`tolfw i g`bbfg|o`k `d }awogib |``bw d`u jiko}vbi|okhfktou`kjfk|ib g`klo|o`kw wvga iw |ojf `d li ikl xoklw}ffl+ Xf aitf wfbfg|fl VU] iw i giwf w|vl efgivwf o| ow`kf `d |af j`w| dvbb lftfb`}fl ikl xolfb nk`xk \VOww|fjw+ O| ibw` wfutfw iw ik fqij}bf d`u i biuhf gbiww `d \VOw |ai| wv}}`u| |af w}i|oib jiko}vbi|o`k `d lowguf|f

 }awogib `ecfg|w `k ik ok|fuig|otf wvudigf+UEO \afjfw

VU](w lfdokokh dfi|vuf ow |ai| o| uf}ufwfk|w |af i}}bogi|o`kl`jiok !vueik iugao|fg|vuf ikl }bikkokh/ xo|a ik ig|vib

 }awogib j`lfb ui|afu |aik ik ojihf `k i g`j}v|fu wguffk+\af eiwog ok|fuig|o`k |fgakoyvfw !ill" ufj`tf" ikl }`wo|o`kj`lfbw/ evobl loufg|b `k vwfuw‟ nk`xbflhf `d kiàtf }awogw!K]/ ikl }awogib w}igf !FIW/+ \` ill i evoblokh |` |afww|fj" i vwfu woj}b }ognw v} i j`lfb ikl }bigfw o| `k |afwvudigf+ \afuf ow k` jfkv ww|fj" k` wfuofw `d gbognw iklluihw" ikl k` okloufg| ok}v| lftogf |` kfh`|oi|f+ Iwfg`kliu ok|fuig|o`k |fgakoyvf okt`btfw okw}fg|okh |afvueik j`lfb du`j loddfufk| }`ok|w `d tofx !f+h+ eoulw*ff

tofx" w|uff|*bftfb tofx/+ \aow |iwn ow k`|`uo`vwb loddogvb|xo|a hui}aogib vwfu ok|fudigfw+ Xo|a VU]" |af vwfu woj}bj`tfw aow `u afu e`l |` gaikhf tofx}`ok|w+ \af okw}fg|o`k|iwn loufg|b bftfuihfw vwfuw‟ nk`xbflhf `d |afou `xk

  e`lofw ikl |afou ieobo| |` j`tf |afou e`lofw |` loddfufk| }`wo|o`kw ok ik fktou`kjfk| !EIW" FIW/" ikl o| ufbofw `kvwfuw‟ vklfuw|iklokh `d ufbi|otf wgibf !K]/+ Dvu|afuj`uf"|af }awogib j`lfb gufi|fl e vwfuw ow }fuwow|fk| ok |af ufibx`ubl !K]/ ikl g`k|okvfw |` fqow| ftfk xafk |af ww|fj ow|vukfl `dd+ Dokibb" VU] fkg`vuihfw g`bbie`ui|o`k ef|xffkjvb|o}bf g`*b`gi|fl vwfuw+ Vwfuw l` k`| kffl |` waiuf iwokhbf ok}v| lftogf `u gu`xl iu`vkl i g`j}v|fu wguffk+ Ok|aow xi" VU] ibb`xw vwfuw |` luix j`uf loufg|b `k |afou 

fqow|okh w`goib ok|fuig|o`k wnobbw !WIW/+\uilf`ddw

\` fkaikgf VU]‟w dvkg|o`kibo|" o|w lfwohkfuw illfl |``bw|` ilcvw| }iuijf|fuw wvga iw |ojf `d li" xokl loufg|o`k"ikl evoblokh ji|fuoib+ D`u fqij}bf" |` gaikhf i evoblokh‟wji|fuoib" vwfuw jvw| |`vga |af j`lfb xo|a i w}fgoib ji|fuoibxikl+ \aow dfi|vuf illw fq}ufwwotf }`xfu |` |af ww|fj" ev|o| ibw` to`bi|fw |af woj}bf }awogib jf|i}a`u `d }`wo|o`kokh

Dohvuf <+ Wv}fujik

xibnw k`ujibby" ev| vwfw

illo|o`kib k`k ufib*x`ublg`jjiklw |` }u`tolf

fq|ui dvkg|o`kibo|y+

GAO 5==1 ]u`gfflokhw ]`w|*XOJ] I}uob 6*9=" 5==1 Db`ufkgf" O|iby

5=4

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-framework-for-post-wimp-interfaces 7/10

8/3/2019 A framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-framework-for-post-wimp-interfaces 8/10

 ufgfotfu od itiobiebf/" ikl lf|fujokf |af `uofk|i|o`k `d |afvwfu+ \` fq}b`o| |af nk`xbflhf ie`v| |af ufib x`ubl" HWWlf|fujokfw |af wvuu`vklokh evoblokhw‟ hf`jf|u iklgibgvbi|fw xai| fbfjfk|w iuf towoebf |` |af vwfu+ @v|}v|w `d |af ww|fj okgbvlf }a`|`w `d evoblokhw ikl `ecfg|w |af vwfu ji wff du`j aow `u afu b`gi|o`k+

UEO \afjfw

\aow ww|fj fq}b`o|w FIW ikl EIW3 o| vwfw |af }awogibufibo| `d |af vwfu" o+f+ aow `u afu gvuufk| fktou`kjfk|" |`oj}u`tf ok|fuig|o`k xo|a |af ok|fudigf+ \af vwfu aiw ikokki|f nk`xbflhf `d a`x |` ok}v| aow `u afu b`gi|o`k3 af `u waf woj}b kfflw |` h` |afuf+

\uilf`ddw

\aow ww|fj aiw |x` j`lfw" lf}fklokh `k a`x |af b`gi|o`kow w}fgodofl3 toi H]W `u ev||`k }ufwwfw+ \af bi||fu j`lf gikbfil |` }uftofxokh ik iufi+ \aow ow ik fqij}bf `d |af ufibo|

tw+ fq}ufwwotf }`xfu |uilf`dd" wokgf |aow j`lf eufinw loufg|g`v}bokh |` |af b`gib fktou`kjfk|“`v gik k`x wff xai|ow k`| |afuf+ O| jiok|iokw |af w|u`kh ufibo| jf|i}a`u `kb iwb`kh iw |af H]W j`lf ow vwfl+

Giwf W|vly <3 Towvib*Gbodd Tou|vib Fktou`kjfk|Xf fqijokf Wbi|fu‟w towvib*gbodd tou|vib fktou`kjfk| ^<5"6=Z efgivwf o| obbvw|ui|fw |af g`uf g`j}`kfk|w `d ojjfuwotfTU+ \af ww|fj ibb`xw vwfuw |` kitohi|f |au`vha |auffu``jw |ai| g`k|iok dvuko|vuf" xokl`xw" ikl l``uw iw ok iufib x`ubl a`vwf+

UEO \afjfw

Ok|fuig|o`k |fgakoyvfw ok TU ww|fjw |inf iltik|ihf `d ufibo|*eiwfl g`kgf}|w+ Jik ww|fjw fkiebf vwfuw |` }ogn v} `ecfg|w ikl }bigf |afj ok kfx b`gi|o`kw !K]" FIW/+ \afg`jjikl d`u l`okh |aow ow |af wijf iw ok |af ufib x`ubl"ikl |af ufwvb|w iuf |af wijf iw ok |af ufib x`ubl !|a`vha`d|fk xo|a`v| ai}|og dffleign/+ Ok illo|o`k" ibj`w| ibb

ww|fjw okg`u}`ui|f e`l ixiufkfww !EIW/ iklfktou`kjfk| ixiufkfww !FIW/" w`jf |` i hufi|fu fq|fk||aik `|afuw+ Ojjfuwotf tou|vib fktou`kjfk|w |uign afilj`tfjfk|w ikl vwf |aow okd`uji|o`k |` v}li|f hui}aogw ok|af ww|fj eiwfl `k |af vwfu‟w kfx tofx}`ok|+ Jikww|fjw |uign `|afu okd`uji|o`k wvga iw aikl j`tfjfk|w"ff j`tfjfk|w" ikl ftfk dvbb e`l j`tfjfk|w+ Eiwfl `k|aow" |af vwfu gik jinf ufib x`ubl j`|o`kw ikl hfw|vufw |ai|iddfg| |af tou|vib fktou`kjfk| iw fq}fg|fl+

\uilf`ddw

Fiub jf|a`lw d`u b`g`j`|o`k ok tou|vib ufibo| xfuf aiklhfw|vufw `u bfikokh ok |af loufg|o`k `d j`tfjfk|+ Ok |aftowvib*gbodd" wftfuib jf|a`lw d`u b`g`j`|o`k xfuf

g`j}iufl+ Ok `kf w|vl ^<5Z" Wbi|fu" Vw`a ikl W|ffl d`vkl|ai| xibnokh ok }bigf xiw i ef||fu j`lf `d b`g`j`|o`k |aik

 }vwa*ev||`k*db+ \aow ow ik fqij}bf `d dit`uokh ufibo| `tfu 

fddogofkg" iw wa`xk ok Dohvuf 7+ Ok i wvewfyvfk| w|vl ^6=Z"|af illfl ufib xibnokh iw i g`klo|o`k !ftfk j`ufufibow|og/" ikl d`vkl |ai| o| xiw i dvu|afu oj}u`tfjfk| `tfu |af `|afu |x` jf|a`lw+

\afwf w|vlofw wa`x |ai| ufibow|og ok|fuig|o`k x`unfl ef||fu ok |af tou|vib fktou`kjfk| |aik ok|fuig|o`k g`jjiklw |ai|

jvw| ef bfiukfl+ A`xftfu" |afuf ow i ufibo| tfuwvw

 }uig|ogibo| |uilf`dd |` |afwf jf|a`lw+ Ib|a`vha |af w|vlwa`xfl |ai| ufib xibnokh }fud`ujfl ef||fu" o| ji efkfgfwwiu |` vwf |af xibnokh ok }bigf ww|fj od w}igf owg`kw|uiokfl+

Wvjjiuy

\afwf d`vu giwf w|vlofw obbvw|ui|f fjfuhokh ok|fudigfw |ai|i}}b |af UEO |afjfw+ Figa ww|fj ail okw}oui|o`kw du`j|af ufib x`ubl" ev| ibw` hitf v} ufibo| xafk kfgfwwiu |`igaoftf illo|o`kib lfwohk h`ibw+

UFBI\FL \IQ@K@JOFW IKL DUIJFX@UNW

\` li|f" x`un |ai| i||fj}|w |` fq}biok `u `uhikosf fjfuhokhw|bfw `d ok|fuig|o`k aiw d`gvwfl j`uf `k oklotolvib gbiwwfw`d ok|fudigfw |aik `k olfiw |ai| vkod wftfuib gbiwwfw ^94" 91"9?" 55" 76" <8Z+ W`jf x`un aiw d`gvwfl j`uf hfkfuibb `kkfx owwvfw |ai| iuf k`| }ufwfk| ok ok|fuig|o`kw xo|a|uilo|o`kib XOJ] ok|fudigfw ^1" ?" 9<" 98" 5?Z+ D`u fqij}bf"G`v|uoq ikl Kohi^9<Z iw xfbb iw Lve`ow ikl Hui^98Zaitf lftfb`}fl ok|fuig|o`k j`lfbw d`u hvolokh lfwohkfuw `d joqfl ufibo| ww|fjw !wvga iw ivhjfk|fl ufibo|" |ikhoebfww|fjw" ikl veoyvo| vw i}}bogi|o`kw/+ @|afu x`un aiwd`gvwfl `k w}fgodog kfx ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw ^4" 57" 78" 66Z+Xaobf }ufto`vw x`un d`gvwfw `k wvewf|w `d ok|fuig|o`kw|bfw" `vu UEO duijfx`un i}}bofw |` i xolfu uikhf `d fjfuhokh ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw+

Dokibb" |af x`un |ai| afb}fl lfdokf |af HVO hfkfui|o`k xiwik okw}oui|o`k d`u `vu x`un+ Wakfolfujik |``n i tiuof| `d xai|" i| |af |ojf" wffjfl low}iui|f kfx vwfu ok|fudigfoktfk|o`kw ikl eu`vha| |afj |`hf|afu e k`|okh |afou g`jj`k gaiuig|fuow|ogw ikl lfdokokh |afj iw i kfxhfkfui|o`k `d vwfu ok|fudigfw ^7?Z+ Av|gaokw" A`bbik ikl

 K`ujik xfk| `k |` fq}biok |af }`xfu ikl wvggfww `d |afwfok|fudigfw xo|a i |af`uf|ogib duijfx`un |ai| }u`tolfl i

 eiwog vklfuw|iklokh `d |af kfx hfkfui|o`k ok avjik |fujw^5<Z+ @vu a`}f ow |` |inf |af douw| w|f} ok |ai| loufg|o`k d`u |af fjfuhokh hfkfui|o`k d ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw+

G@KGBVWO@K

Xf a`}f |` iltikgf |af w|vl `d fjfuhokh ok|fuig|o`kw|bfw xo|a i vkodokh duijfx`un |ai| gik ef vwfl |`vklfuw|ikl" g`j}iuf ikl ufbi|f |afwf kfx ok|fuig|o`k w|bfw+\af ufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k !UEO/ duijfx`un gaiuig|fuosfw i biuhf wvewf| `d wffjokhb lotfuhfk| ufwfiugaiufiw+ \af duijfx`un g`kwow|w `d d`vu |afjfw3 kiàtf

 }awogw" e`l ixiufkfww ikl wnobbw" fktou`kjfk| ixiufkfwwikl wnobbw" ikl w`goib ixiufkfww ikl wnobbw+ Eiwfl `k |afwf|afjfw" xf wa`x oj}bogi|o`kw d`u |af lfwohk ikl ikibwow `d 

kfx ok|fudigfw+@vu duijfx`un ow }uojiuob i lfwguo}|otf `kf+ Tofxokh |affjfuhokh hfkfui|o`k `d ok|fudigfw |au`vha |af bfkw `d ufibo|*eiwfl ok|fuig|o`k }u`tolfw ufwfiugafuw xo|afq}biki|`u }`xfu+ O| fkiebfw ufwfiugafuw |` ikibsf iklg`j}iuf ib|fuki|otf lfwohkw ^97Z" euolhf hi}w ef|xffkwffjokhb vkufbi|fl ufwfiuga iufiw" ikl i}}b bfww`kwbfiukfl du`j |af lftfb`}jfk| `d `kf ok|fuig|o`k w|bf |`ik`|afu+ O| gik ibw` aitf i hfkfui|otf u`bf ^<=Z e

GAO 5==1 ]u`gfflokhw ]`w|*XOJ] I}uob 6*9=" 5==1 Db`ufkgf" O|iby

5=1

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-framework-for-post-wimp-interfaces 9/10

 wvhhfw|okh kfx loufg|o`kw d`u ufwfiuga" wvga iwokg`u}`ui|okh UEO |afjfw ok |af lfwohk `d ok|fudigfw d`u loddfufk| vwfu }`}vbi|o`kw !f+h+ gaoblufk `u fq}fu| vwfuw/ `u w|vlokh |af fddfg|w `d loddfufk| lfhuffw `d UEO |afjfw okik ok|fudigf+

IGNK@XBFLHJFK\W

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