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“A Drivers Manual”
Charlie Stott – Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects
Amy Leedham EHDD ArchitectsAmy Leedham – EHDD Architects
Stet Sanborn – Integral Group Engineers
May 21: “A Drivers Manual”
Future Programs:g• June 11: “The Sound of Rubber Hitting the Road” …Process & Modeling
• October 2013: “Taking the Wheel”October 2013: Taking the Wheel …Half Day Charette at PEC
• January 2014: “The Uphill Climb” …Renewable Energy Systems…Renewable Energy Systems
What is the AIA 2030 Commitment?What is the AIA 2030 Commitment?www.aia.org/about/initiatives/aiab079458
“Adopted by
Approx. 295 million GSF
the National AIA in 2007”
Approx. 361 million GSF1) Download Commitment Letter, Sign It & Return to AIA
2) Establish Sustainability Leadership (Letter within 2 months)
3) Implement Firm Operational Action Items (within 6 months)
4) Develop a Sustainability Action Plan (within 1 year)
5) Report Progress Annually toward Net Zero Building Energy Use
What is the AIA 2030 Commitment?What is the AIA 2030 Commitment?
Approx. 295 million GSF
Approx. 361 million GSF
Fossil fuel consumption reduction targets for new buildings and renovationsSource: Energy Information Administration Statistics and Pew Climate Report
Fossil fuel consumption reduction targets for new buildings and renovations
Why the AIA 2030 y t e 030Commitment?
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF55%
Approx. 361 million GSF
INDUSTRY TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGSINDUSTRY23%
TRANSPORTATION28%
BUILDINGS49%
Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics and Pew Climate Report
U.S. ENERGY CONSUMPTIONSource: Architecture 2030 / Data Source: US Energy Information Administration
Why the AIA 2030 y t e 030Commitment?
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
Global Warming: Helping stop the problem by 2030. Client Desires: Building Lifespan & Energy Costs J i di ti l R i t55%
Approx. 361 million GSF Jurisdictional Requirements: State & Local Codes. Business: Opens doors to new work & clients. Leadership: Help clients understand the issues.p Integrated Practice: Low energy design = 2nd nature. Database Reporting: Setting & updating benchmarks. Awards: AIA will require combined design + energy metrics Awards: AIA will require combined design + energy metrics.Low Energy Design = Great Design = Great Story!
Why the AIA 2030 y t e 030Commitment?
55%
Emissions by 2030 as a Tipping Point for eventual temperature stabilization
55%Approx. 361 million GSF
WG
1 A
R-4
.)20
07 IP
CC
W
Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics and Pew Climate Report
Why the AIA 2030 y t e 030Commitment?CALIFORNIA STRATEGIC PLAN:
55%
CALIFORNIA STRATEGIC PLAN:1. All new residential construction in
California will be required to be zero net energy by 2020.
2 All new commercial construction in55%Approx. 361 million GSF
2. All new commercial construction in California will be required to be zero net energy by 2030.
3. 50% of existing buildings will be zero net energy by 2030zero net energy by 2030.
By 2035, 3/4 of the U.S. building stock will be either new or renovated.source: architecture 2030
Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics and Pew Climate Report
http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/EEStrategicPlan.pdf
Implement Firm Operation Action ItemsHow?
p pEnergy Use Calculate firm’s baseline energy intensity Energy Star rated equipment and appliances
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
gy q p pp Replacement of incandescent lamps with fluorescent
Waste Reduce paper consumption by using electronic documents55%
Approx. 361 million GSF
p p p y g Institute a firm-wide recycling policy Purchase environmentally friendly cleaning supplies
Transportationp Incentives for employees who ride share, walk, or bike Establish a policy for offsetting firm travel Fuel efficient rental cars encouraged for firm travel
Meetings Encourage virtual meetings when possible Paperless technology for agendas, handouts, etc…
Develop Sustainability How?
e e op Susta ab tyAction PlanSustainable OperationsS t t i bl ti l i d t d i
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
Set sustainable operations goals aimed at reducing the negative impact of firm operations
Set Sustainable Design GoalsD i j t t d th t f f il f l55%
Approx. 361 million GSF
Design projects to reduce the amount of fossil-fuel based energy used to align with 2030 goals regardless if required by client
St ff T i i Ed tiStaff Training + Education Ensure staff is invested in the firm’s sustainable design goals and can contribute to the success
D l B i St tDevelop a Business StrategyCommunicate why a sustainable design approach is important and why the firm is qualified
2030 Commitment Benchmarks
Establish Energy BenchmarkingHow?
gy g
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF55%
Approx. 361 million GSF
(CBECS) – 2003, Labs 21EnergyStar Target Finder
MetricsHow?
1.5
1 2 1 21.4
1.6
LPD Benchmark and 25% Reduction Target
Metrics Defined
1.2 1.2
1
0.7
1.125
0.9 0.9
0.75
0.5250 6
0.8
1
1.2
Watts/SF
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
0.525
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Retail Hospital School Office MultiFamily55%Approx. 361 million GSF
Maximum lighting power density per nit area of a b ilding allo ed b code
Retail Hospital School Office Multi‐Family
Building Type
unit area of a building allowed by code (ASHRAE 90.1) according to the classification of space function or building type g yp
Goal: reduce as much as possible through better fixture selection
MetricsHow? Site Energy Use Intensity
(kBTU/SF)For Selected Building Types
25th Percentile ‐‐Median ‐‐ 75th PercentileMetrics Defined 169
29
43
279
101
110
196
51
73
Hospital
Retail
Multi‐Family
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
37
63
94
138
57
94
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
K‐12
Office
55%Predicted Energy Use Intensity Divide total kBtu/year by Gross
EUI National Survey Data, 2003 CBECS Database
Square Feet to yield the Predicted EUI in kBtu/sf/yr. Based on Energy Models or Anticipated Goal
Tip: This information is easiest to obtain from your mechanical engineer or Title-24 engineer.
MetricsHow? Site Energy Use Intensity
(kBTU/SF)For Selected Building Types
25th Percentile ‐‐Median ‐‐ 75th PercentileMetrics Defined 169
29
43
279
101
110
196
51
73
Hospital
Retail
Multi‐Family
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
37
63
94
138
57
94
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
K‐12
Office
55%Energy Use Intensity: Total Energy from your utility bill or on-site building measurement
EUI National Survey Data, 2003 CBECS Database
on site building measurement system divided by your building area
G l Q tifGoal: Quantify energy use per square foot for building type.G61 million GSF
Reporting Data Sent to AIA AnnuallyHow?
Project identifier (internal)
p g y
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
Gross Square Feet
Building Occupancy Type
Is the project modeled?55%Approx. 361 million GSF
Is the project modeled?
EUI from Modeled Projects or
D i E C d fDesign Energy Code for Non-Modeled Projects
Lighting Power Density
“A key value of the 2030 Commitment is the act of t ki th f f k Of
45%55% Approx. 295 million GSF
tracking the energy performance of work. Of course results matter. But real change happens when you look
t h th d t i f d i ti ”55%Approx. 361 million GSF
at how the data can inform and improve your practice.”
216 Firms Total (1.5% of AIA Firms)
29% are firms of under 20 staff
47% are firms of under 50 staff
64% are firms of under 100 staff
2414
6
24
Numbers of Participating vs. Reporting Firms, by Size, in 2011
f Firm
sN
umbe
r of
Firm Size (No. of Employees)
Total Gross Square Footage of Active Design Projects
656 2
384.9illi GSF
656.2million GSF
ons
GS
F
million GSF
Mill
io
“It’s worth remembering that the purpose of the AIA 2030 g p pCommitment—including both the reporting process and the data
produced—is first and foremost to help firms improve the outcomes of projects over time. The purpose of collecting and
publishing data is to guide this process of improvement.
The AIA 2030 Commitment is about our collective power to strive for improvement on every project we touch.”strive for improvement on every project we touch.
R b t I FAIA EVP/CEO Th A i I tit t f A hit t -- Robert Ivy, FAIA, EVP/CEO The American Institute of Architects
Resources + Education 50 to 50 www.aia.org/fiftytofiftyPresents “Principles and Practices” to reachPresents Principles and Practices to reach 50% fossil fuel reduction targets.
AIA 2030 Toolkithttps://info.aia.org/toolkit2030/index.html Resources for Advocacy (Policy & Incentives); Design; & Community Outreach
Whole Building Design Guide http://www wbdg org/design/minimize consumption phphttp://www.wbdg.org/design/minimize_consumption.phpAn integrated approach to energy efficient building design strategies and case studies.
AIA COTE Top 10 Awards www.aiatopten.org/Top quality design with exemplary metrics.
2030 Palette http://blog.2030palette.orgWeb platform of design ideas & strategies.
Renewable Energy Resource:http://solar-estimate.org/. Solar & Wind calculators; renewable installers & programs; incentives.
PROJECT DESCRIPTIONINTEGRAL GROUP NET ZERO ENERGY OFFICE (ID A )OFFICE (IDeAs)
SIZE7,000 SF
CLIENTCLIENTIntegral Group are building systems engineers with a strong commitment to sustainability, and also served
th i f thias the engineers for this project.
COMPLETED20072007
IDENTIFY THE TARGET
What if ?What if….?
…we designed an all electric, super efficient building and then offset all of its power requirements with PV’s?
Scott Shell, AIAconceptual design charrette, September 9, 2005
AND GET EVERYONE ON BOARD
CONTROL THERMAL TRANSMISSION
+ $75,000 Premium for installed glazing
$‐ $150,000 Eliminate perimeter heating system
= $75,000 first cost savings
l $300 000 (35kW) i PV t d i iplus $300,000 (35kW) in PV system downsizing
LOW HANGING FRUIT: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
• Radiant heating• Radiant cooling• Ground source heat pump• Natural ventilation• Dedicated OA air handler• CO2 sensors - demand
ventilation• Displacement ventilation• Night time purge• Heat pump waste heat
capture for warm water
LOW HANGING FRUIT: ELECTRIC / LIGHTING SYSTEMS
• High efficiency light sources• Task/ambient lighting• Individual occupancy sensor task
• Occupancy sensor based plug load control
• Wireless datalighting controls
• Occupancy sensor ambient lighting controlsLi ht ll ti d ti
• VOIP
• Light pollution reduction• Daylighting• Daylight switching photosensors
D li ht di i h t• Daylight dimming photosensors• Photovoltaic system• Upsized wiring
ff f
computer model
• High efficiency transformer• Energy star equipment
actual photograph
HIGHER COST: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
• Radiant heating• Radiant cooling• Ground source heat pump• Natural ventilation• Dedicated OA air handler• CO2 sensors - demand
ventilation• Displacement ventilation• Night time purge• Heat pump waste heat
capture for warm water
HIGHER COST: ELECTRIC / LIGHTING SYSTEMS
• High efficiency light sources• Task/ambient lighting• Individual occupancy sensor task
lighting controls• Occupancy sensor ambient lighting
controlsLi ht ll ti d ti• Light pollution reduction
• Daylighting• Daylight switching photosensors
D li ht di i h t• Daylight dimming photosensors• Photovoltaic system• Upsized wiring
ff f
computer model
• High efficiency transformer• Building Energy Monitoring• Energy star equipment
actual photograph
BEST OFFICE PRACTICE: MINIMIZE PLUG LOADS
• High efficiency equipment• Software based shut off• Occupancy based controls• Security system based shutdown
EFFICIENT SYSTEMSCAN GET YOU BEYOND CURRENT TARGET 60% REDUCTIONTARGET: 60% REDUCTION.
TYPICAL US OFFICE : 90 KBTU/FT2TYPICAL CAL OFFICE 40 60 KBTU/FT2TYPICAL CAL OFFICE 40-60 KBTU/FT2IDEAS OFFICE: 21.17 KBTU/FT2
BUILDING INTEGRATED PV’S COVER ½ BUILDING AREA
• All electric building• Net zero energy• Zero carbon emissions
Analysis: PV system incentives
• PV Capacity 30 kW DC/ 28kW AC• 42,707 kWh / year
• Estimated PV Cost:$255,000 installed cost ($8.50/watt)‐72,602 CEC rebate BIPV ($0.34/kWh x 42,707 kWh/yr x 5yrs)31,858 tax on CEC rebate (35% fed tax, 8.854% state tax)31,858 tax on CEC rebate (35% fed tax, 8.854% state tax)‐76,500 30% federal tax credit‐89,250 accelerated depreciation* (35% federal corp tax)$48,506 cost of system after 5 years
* calculation does not include the time cost of capital
• the cost after rebates, tax credits and depreciation is about 19% of the installed costinstalled cost.
• Energy savings at $ 0.16 / kWh = $6,833/year• Payback is about 7.1 years
26
Analysis: Estimated additional cost for “Z Squared”
$20,000 97 500
cost of upgraded glasst f di t h i l t
Key differences from a conventional building:
97,500
38,000 48,500
cost of radiant mechanical system over traditional system.
cost of concrete for radiant floorcost of PV systems (after rebates and tax ,
$204 000
y (incentives)
total$204,000244,800
totaltotal with soft costs
$4,100,0006.3%
total cost of buildingpremium to build a net zero energy building
27
for more information: www.z2building.com
Project team
David and Stephania Kaneda, Owners
EHDD Architecture, Architects www.ehdd.com
Rumsey Engineers Inc., Mechanical and Plumbing Engineerswww.rumseyengineers.com
Integrated Design Associates, Inc., Electrical Engineers and Lighting Designwww.ideasi.com
Tipping and Mar + Associates, Structural Engineerswww.tippingandmar.com
Carroll Engineering , Civil Engineerwww.carrollengineering.com
MPA Design, Landscape Architectswww.mpadesign.com
Hillhouse Construction, General Contractorwww.hillhouseconstruction.com