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A Creative Genius for Vision. Visual Intelligence Donald D. Hoffman Chapter One. The Genius of Vision. Everything you see, you construct Our visual prowess is a genius that often goes unrecognized Yet, we construct scenes that contradict reality Is our vision or our hand erroneous? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A Creative Genius for VisionVisual IntelligenceDonald D. Hoffman Chapter One
The Genius of Vision Everything you see, you
construct Our visual prowess is a
genius that often goes unrecognized
Yet, we construct scenes that contradict reality
Is our vision or our hand erroneous?
Can there be elements in the picture causing the problem?
More Evidence The “Magic Square” Brighter inside is
a vision or photometer error?
Ironically, the boundary increase makes the construction of the square difficult
More Evidence Vision can do more
than fabricate a structure, as it goes against reality
We build a triangle, even though this could be a structure photographed at a specific angle
The Devil’s Triangle
“What you see” There are elegant principles being applied when
constructing an image Phenomenal sense – The way things appear to us,
objects we construct regardless of reality constraints
Relational sense – what you interact with when you see, things must exist to be seen
The phenomenal sense applies to our “visual genius”
Visual experiences serve as user-friendly computer icon interface with those things we relationally see
Vision Comes Naturally Unlike the ability to walk or talk,
humans can see upon birth It is also an ability that we share with
animals alike Gold fish have four color receptors Honeybees see ultraviolet light Is our vision the correct vision?
A Child’s Visual Development One month – infants blink if something moves
toward their eyes 3 months – infants use visual motion to
construct boundaries of objects 4 months – use motion and stereovision to
construct 3D shapes of objects 7 months – use shading, perspective, and
interposition to construct depth and shape One year – visual geniuses that begin to learn
the name of objects
Visual Construction in Nature For some species,
their visual construction displays less genius
But no different than humans, this leaves room for visual errors
Blackbird Nestlings
Visual Construction in NatureView of Chickens and Ducks
The Common Toad
Brief History Ptolemy (2nd century AD)
– recognized in Optics is a dictate of logic
Alhazen (965-1039) – visual properties due to unconscious inference
Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) – visual inferences came God
A Brief History Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-
1894) – described vision as a process of unconscious inference
David Marr (1946-1981) – compared visual construction to information processing in computers
Ernst Hans Gombrich(1909) – unconscious and automatic processes are “projections”, while those that are more labored for are “inference” or “knowledge”
Fundamental Problem of Vision The image at the eye has countless
interpretations How can we know that we all see the same
thing? Innate rules which grant visual mastery and
lead to consensus in the visual constructions despite ambiguity
Everyone constructs the same vision (with or without the same interpretation)
The rules, which work quickly and effectively are the key