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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
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A Country Study: RussiaLibrary of Congress Call Number DK510.23 .R883 1998
RussiaForewordAcknowledgmentsPrefaceTable A. Chronology of Important EventsCountry Profile - Visit updated Profile (PDF)
CountryGeographySocietyEconomyTransportation and TelecommunicationsGovernment and PoliticsNational Security
IntroductionChapter 1 - Historical Setting: Early History to 1917 (Zenon E. Kohutand David M. Goldfrank)
Early HistoryThe Inhabitants of the East European PlainThe East Slavs and the VarangiansThe Golden Age of KievThe Rise of Regional CentersThe Mongol Invasion
MuscovyThe Rise of MuscovyThe Evolution of the Russian AristocracyIvan IVThe Time of TroublesThe RomanovsExpansion and Westernization
Early Imperial RussiaPeter the Great and the Russian EmpireThe Era of Palace RevolutionsImperial Expansion and Maturation: Catherine II
Ruling the EmpireWar and Peace, 1796-1825Reaction under Nicholas I
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
Transformation of Russia in the Nineteenth CenturyEconomic DevelopmentsReforms and Their Limits, 1855-92Foreign Affairs after the Crimean WarThe Rise of Revolutionary MovementsWitte and Accelerated IndustrializationRadical Political Parties DevelopImperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War
The Last Years of the AutocracyRevolution and Counterrevolution, 1905-07The Stolypin and Kokovtsov GovernmentsActive Balkan Policy, 1906-13Russia at War, 1914-16The Fatal Weakening of Tsarism
Chapter 2- Historical Setting: 1917 to 1991 (Thomas Skallerup andJames P. Nichol)
Revolutions and Civil WarThe February RevolutionThe Period of Dual PowerThe Bolshevik RevolutionCivil War and War Communism
The Era of the New Economic PolicyLenin's LeadershipStalin's Rise to PowerForeign Policy, 1921-28Society and Culture in the 1920s
Transformation and TerrorIndustrialization and CollectivizationThe PurgesMobilization of SocietyForeign Policy, 1928-39
The War YearsPrelude to WarThe Great Patriotic War
Reconstruction and Cold WarReconstruction YearsOnset of the Cold WarThe Death of Stalin
The Khrushchev EraCollective Leadership and the Rise of KhrushchevForeign Policy under KhrushchevKhrushchev's Reforms and Fall
The Brezhnev EraCollective Leadership and the Rise of BrezhnevForeign Policy of a SuperpowerThe Economy under BrezhnevCulture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970sThe Death of Brezhnev
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
The Leadership Transition PeriodThe Andropov InterregnumThe Chernenko Interregnum
The Gorbachev EraGorbachev's First YearNew Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev
PerestroikaGlasnostDemokratizatsiya
Gorbachev's Reform DilemmaNationality FermentThe August Coup and Its Aftermath
Chapter 3 - Physical Environment and Population (Glenn E. Curtisand David McClave)
Physical EnvironmentGlobal Position and BoundariesAdministrative and Territorial DivisionsTopography and Drainage
TopographyDrainage
ClimateEnvironmental Problems
Environmental ConditionsMajor CrisesAir QualityWater QualitySoil and ForestsRadioactive Contamination
The Response to Environmental ProblemsPopulation
Demographic ConditionsFertilityAbortionMortality
MigrationIssues and ProceduresMigration Patterns
Future ProspectsChapter 4 - Ethnic, Religious, and Cultural Setting (Glenn E. Curtisand Marian Leighton)
Ethnic CompositionThe RussiansMinority Peoples and Their Territories
The North CaucasusThe Northern RepublicsThe Volga and Ural RepublicsThe Republics of Siberia
Other Ethnic Groups
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
GermansKoreansRoma
Movements Toward SovereigntyThe Chechnya DilemmaThe Caucasus Region in the FederationResponses and Prospects
ReligionThe Russian Orthodox Church
Beliefs and RitualChurch History
Other ReligionsNon-Orthodox Christian ReligionsIslamJudaism
Religion and Foreign PolicyThe Russian LanguageLiterature and the Arts
LiteratureThe BeginningsPeter and CatherineThe Nineteenth CenturyThe Soviet Period and After
MusicBalletArchitecture and Painting
OutlookChapter 5 - The Society and Its Environment (Glenn E. Curtis andMarian Leighton)
Social StructureSocial StratificationWages and WorkRural LifeSocial OrganizationsThe FamilyThe Role of WomenSexual Attitudes
EducationThe Soviet HeritageThe Post-Soviet Education Structure
InfrastructureTeachersCurriculumGrade StructurePrivate SchoolsEducational Achievement
Higher EducationEducation and Society
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
HealthHealth Conditions
Maternity, Infant Care, and Birth ControlAlcohol, Narcotics, and TobaccoAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
The Health SystemHousing
The Soviet EraPost-Soviet ConditionsLand Reform and Private Enterprise
Social WelfarePensionsWorker Protection and BenefitsThe Homeless
Chapter 6 - The Economy (William Cooper)Historical Background
The Eras of Lenin and StalinThe Postwar Growth PeriodReform and ResistanceThe Perestroika ProgramUnforeseen Results of Reform
Economic Reform in the 1990sThe Yeltsin Economic Program
Macroeconomic Stabilization MeasuresEconomic Restructuring Measures
Monetary and Fiscal PoliciesInflationExchange Rates
PrivatizationEconomic Conditions in Mid-1996
Natural ResourcesAgriculture
CropsAgricultural Policy
Soviet PolicyThe Gorbachev ReformsYeltsin's Agricultural Policies
Agricultural ProductionEnergy
Exploitation and ConsumptionOilNatural GasCoalNuclear EnergyConventional Power GenerationForeign Investment in Oil and Gas
Banking and FinanceThe Soviet Financial System
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
The Financial Sector in the 1990sReform of the Banking SystemCommercial BanksOther Financial Institutions
TaxationThe Labor Force
UnemploymentWages
ManufacturingFerrous MetallurgyNonferrous MetallurgyThe Automotive IndustryMachine BuildingLight IndustryChemicals
Transportation and TelecommunicationsTransportation
RoadsRailroadsAir TransportationWater TransportationPipelinesPublic TransportationTransportation Reform
TelecommunicationsThe Soviet PeriodTelecommunications in the 1990s
Foreign Economic RelationsForeign TradeForeign InvestmentForeign Debt
The Economic OutlookChapter 7 - Government and Politics (James P. Nichol)
Historical BackgroundThe Constitution and Government Structure
The Executive BranchPresidential PowersInformal Powers and Power CentersPresidential ElectionsThe Government (Cabinet)
The ParliamentStructure of the Federal AssemblyLegislative PowersThe Legislative ProcessClashes of Power, 1993-96
The JudiciaryJudicial ReformStructure of the Judiciary
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
Local and Regional GovernmentThe Federation Treaty and Regional Power
Local Jurisdictions under the ConstitutionPower SharingPresidential Power in the Regions
The Separatism QuestionPolitical Parties and Legislative Elections
The Elections of 1993The Elections of 1995
Civil RightsGeneral Civil Rights GuaranteesCriminal Justice Protections
The MediaThe Print MediaThe Broadcast Media
The Political OutlookChapter 8 - Foreign Relations (James P. Nichol)
The Emergence of Russian Foreign PolicyThe Search for ObjectivesThe State of the Federation Speeches
The Foreign Policy MechanismThe PresidentThe Security CouncilThe ParliamentThe Government (Cabinet)
The Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe Ministry of Defense
Regional PoliciesThe Near Abroad
MoldovaGeorgiaCentral AsiaOther Former Soviet Republics
The United StatesThe Yeltsin-Bush SummitsThe Yeltsin-Clinton Summits
Western EuropeNATOCentral Europe
The NATO IssueRussia's Role in the Former Yugoslavia
ChinaJapanOther Asian StatesThe Third WorldThe Middle EastLatin America
Foreign Policy Prospects
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
Chapter 9 - The Armed Forces (William Baxter)Historical BackgroundMilitary Doctrine
Soviet DoctrineThe Doctrine of 1993
Political PrinciplesMilitary PrinciplesMilitary-Technical and Economic PrinciplesThe Doctrine of the Future
The Geopolitical ContextChechnyaThe Commonwealth of Independent States
GeorgiaArmeniaAzerbaijanMoldovaCentral Asia
KaliningradChinaThe NATO IssueNuclear Arms Issues
The Defense IndustryStructure and ConditionsThe Defense BudgetNew Weaponry AcquisitionsForeign Arms SalesProspects for the Defense Industry
Force StructureCommand StructureGround ForcesNaval ForcesAir ForcesAir Defense ForcesStrategic Rocket ForcesAirborne Troops
PerformanceTroop Support ElementsCrime in the MilitaryTraining
Military SchoolsField Training
Reform PlansProspects for the Military
Chapter 10 - Internal Security (Amy W. Knight)Internal Security Before 1991Successor Agencies to the KGB
Ministry of Security (MB)Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK)
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Russia : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html[6/16/2015 10:24:22 AM]
Federal Security Service (FSB)Federal Agency for Government Communications andInformation (FAPSI)Main Guard Directorate (GUO)Federal Border Service and Border Security
Border Security AgenciesPost-Soviet Border Policy
Security Operations in ChechnyaCrime
Crime in the Soviet EraThe Crime Wave of the 1990s
Crime StatisticsOrganized CrimeNuclear SecurityTerrorismNarcotics
The Criminal Justice SystemMinistry of Internal Affairs (MVD)The ProcuracyCriminal Law Reform in the 1990sSecrecy LawsHow the System Works
PrisonsOutlook
Appendix. TablesBibliographyGlossary
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