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A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND

ARABIC RELATIVE PRONOUNS

By:

MUKHSINUL ARIF

NIM. 200932180

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHIS TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2014

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A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND

ARABIC RELATIVE PRONOUNS

SKRIPSI

Presented to Muria Kudus University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program

in English Education

By

MUKHSINUL ARIF

NIM 200932180

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS

2014

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO:

(ا َي َي َي اٍتا ُن وُن ا اْر ِع ْر َي ا ا َي اُهَّلل ِع يَي ا آَي ُن اآِع ْر ُن ْر ُنا اُهَّلل ِع يَي Yarfa'illahuladziina aamanu ( َي ْر َي ِعا اُهَّلل

minkum, walladziina uutul 'ilma darojah

Allah will exalt those of you

who believe, and those who are given knowledge, in high degrees.

(ااِع َي ْر ُن ْرا ا َي ْر ًاا ًا ْر Falyaqul khoiran aw liyasmut ( َي ْر َي ُن ْر

Say what is good or remain silent

( عِعشاكَي ًا ا اآُن اشَيهِع دًا) ‘Isy Kariman aw mut Syahidan

Be a good Muslim or die as Syuhada

This skripsi is dedicated to:

The writer beloved parents, Mr.

Sulaichan and Mrs. Isyafah

The writer beloved Brother

(Muhammad Muqorrobin)

All of the writer lecturers and teachers.

All of the writer close friends and all

the writer big family

All of people which is always give the

writer motivation

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

First of all the writer would like to say Alhamdulillah to our God of Allah

SWT, who has given us the complete, so the writer can finish the skripsi entitled

“A Contrastive Analysis between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns.

On this occasion, the writer would like to express the sincere gratitude and

apperception for the valuable assistance given by many people in completing this

skripsi. They are:

1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty and the first advisor. Thanks for all his advice, help,

Motivation and always give vigorous to the writer in the completion of this

skripsi.

2. Diah Kurniawati, SS, M.Pd, as the Head of English Education Department

of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

3. Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the second advisor who has already given lots of

suggestion in writing this skripsi.

4. The writer beloved parents who give me love, pray, and support.

5. The writer brother Muhammad Muqorrobin who always give me

motivation.

6. All of the lecturers and friends in Teacher Training and Education Faculty

of Muria Kudus University.

7. All of teachers in Madrasah TBS Kudus.

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8. Everyone who appreciate knowledge and education.

9. The writer close friends: Arya Nugraha, Saptoto Nur Singgih, Dwi

Purnomo, M. Izzul Ma’aly, Titik Amalia, Cyndhi Kartikasari, Adib Nur

Andoni, Resha Agusta B. who have helped to throw unhappy atmosphere

of writer with the jokes, laughers and music when the smile of

shiftlessness is serenading to pull away from the beautiful end. Thank you

for accepting grievances in making this skripsi.

There is no the greatest obstacle in writing this skripsi than avoiding the

temptation of being perfect.

Finally, the writer realizes that the skripsi is still far being perfect, so the

writer hopes to have criticisms and suggestions for the betterment of this skripsi.

Thanks

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Kudus, 22nd

July 2014

Mukhsinul Arif

2009-32-180

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ABSTRACT

Arif, Mukhsinul. 2014. A Contrastive Analysis Between English and Arabic

Relative Pronouns. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher

Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor (1) Dr.

Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (2) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd

Key Words: Contrastive, Analysis, Relative Pronoun

English language has developed which spoken by almost inhabitant of every

countries to a language of world communication. Nowadays, English used in

various aspects of life. Meanwhile, Arabic is also one of important language for us

especially for a Moslem. In fact Moslem always uses Arabic everyday when they

prays. So the writer hopes that the research can be useful for everyone who wants

to develop his/her knowledge, especially for Islamic school that use English and

Arabic language.

The objective of this researched is: objectives of the research they are: 1.To

describes the similarities of relative pronouns in English and Arabic. 2. To

describes the differences of relative pronouns in English and Arabic.

This research the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method that

explaining the contrastive analysis between English and Arabic relative pronouns.

The result of this research shows that 1.The similarities of relative pronouns

in English and Arabic are in composition and function in the sentence. 2. The

differences of relative pronouns in English and Arabic are the kind of conjunction,

numbers and genders, dual and plural, person and thing, changing the form to suit

antecedent, and omission.

Based on the result above, the researcher concludes that English and arabic

adjective clause have similarities in relative pronouns. They have similarities in

composition of sentence, function in making clear a sentence. And also English

and Arabic relative pronouns have differences in the kind of Conjunction,

Numbers and Genders, Dual and Plural, Person and Thing, Shilah, Changing the

form to suit antecedent, and Omission.

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ABSTRAKSI

Arif, Mukhsinul. 2014. A Contrastive Analysis Between English and Arabic

Relative Pronouns. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher

Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor (1) Dr.

Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (2) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd

.

Kata Kunci: Contrastive, Analysis, Relative Pronoun

Bahasa Inggris telah di pakai secara luas oleh hampir banyak orang di

seluruh dunia. Sekarang ini, bahasa Inggris di pakai hampir disemua aspek

kehidupan. Sementara itu, bahasa Arab juga suatu bahasa yang penting buat kita

khususnya bagi orang Islam. Faktanya Orang Islam selalu menggunakan bahasa

Arab setiap hari ketika mereka berdoa. Jadi penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat

berguna bagi setiap orang yang ingin mengembangkan pengetahuannya,

khususnya bagi sekolah yang berbasis Islam (Madrasah) yang mana mereka selalu

mempelajari bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1. Untuk menguraikan persamaan

relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. 2. Untuk menguraikan

perbedaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kwalitatif

yang mana menjelaskan analisa perbandingan relative pronoun dalam bahasa

Inggris dan bahasa Arab.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1. Persamaan relative pronoun

dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab adalah dalam susunan dan kegunaan

(fungsi) di sebuah kalimat. 2. Perbedaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris

dan bahasa Arab adalah dalam menentukan penggunaan dalam kata sambung,

nomor dan jenis kelamin, rankap dua (dobel) dan bentuk jamak, menentukan

penggunaan badi manusia dan benda, perubahan betuk kata, dan penghilangan

suatu kata.

Berdasarkan hasil di atas, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa dalam bahasa

Inggris dan bahasa Arab adjective clause mempunyai persamaan dalam Relative

pronoun yaitu dalam susunan dan kegunaan (fungsi) di sebuah kalimat. Dan

dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab juga mempunyai perbedaan dalam

menentukan penggunaan dalam kata sambung, nomor dan jenis kelamin, rankap

dua (dobel) dan bentuk jamak, menentukan penggunaan bagi manusia dan benda,

shilah , perubahan betuk kata, dan penghilangan suatu kata.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER ......................................................................................................... i

LOGO ............................................................................................................ ii

TITLE ........................................................................................................... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................... iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................ vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................. x

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research ................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................... 4

1.3 Objectives of the Research .................................................................... 4

1.4 Significance of the Research .................................................................. 4

1.5 Scope of the Research ............................................................................ 5

1.6 Operational Definition ............................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Language .......................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Definition of English Language .............................................................. 7

2.1.2 Definition of Arabic Language.................................................................... 8

2.2 Definition of Grammar ........................................................................... 8

2.3 Pronouns ................................................................................................ 9

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2.3.1 Definition of English Pronouns………………....................................... 9

2.3.1.1 Kinds of English Pronouns…………………………………………….. 10

2.3.2 Definition of Arabic Pronouns……………….………………………... 26

2.3.2.1 Kinds of Arabic Pronouns……………………………………………… 27

2.4 Nahwu and Shorof ............................................................................... 36

2.5 Defnition of Sentence .......................................................................... 37

2.6 Definition of English Relative pronoun……………………………….. 37

2.7 Definition of Arabic Relative pronoun……………………………….. . 40

2.8 Review to Previous Research………………………………………….. 44

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Design of the Research ........................................................................... 46

3.2 Data and Data Source............................................................................. 47

3.3 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 48

3.4 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 48

CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH

4.1 Research Finding ................................................................................... 50

4.2 Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns .................. 50

4.3 Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns .................. 50

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION

5.1 The Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns............ 54

5.2 The Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ........... 55

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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 62

6.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................. 63

REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 64

APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 66

STATEMENT ............................................................................................... 72

CURICULUM VITAE .................................................................................. 74

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1 : Personal Pronouns .......................................................................... 11

Table 2 : Indefinite Pronouns ........................................................................ 14

Table 3 : Interrogative Pronouns ................................................................... 18

Table 4 : Possessive Pronouns ....................................................................... 25

Table 5 : Arabic Personal Pronouns As Subject ............................................. 28

Table 6 : Arabic Personal Pronouns As Oject ................................................ 29

Table 7 : Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns .................................................... 29

Table 8 : Arabic Indefinite Pronouns ............................................................ 30

Table 9 : Arabic Interrogative Pronouns ........................................................ 31

Table 10 : Arabic Relative Pronouns ............................................................... 33

Table 11 : Arabic Possessive Pronouns ........................................................... 34

Table 12 : Arabic Determinative Possessive Pronouns .................................... 35

Table 11 : Arabic Independent Possessive Pronouns ....................................... 36

Table 12 : Isim Maushul Nash......................................................................... 41

Table 13 : Isim Maushul Musytarak ................................................................ 42

Table 14 : Example Of English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ........................ 49

Table 15 : Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns In The

Function ......................................................................................................... 54

Table 16 : Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns In Number

and Gender ..................................................................................................... 56

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LIST APPENDICES

Appendix Page

1: The Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ................ 66

2: The Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ............... 67