Hideaki KoizumiExecutive Vice President, Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ)

Honorary Fellow, Hitachi, Ltd..

A Compass for Engineering Ethics

ーThe critical role of world academiesー

Ethics in Engineering

A Panel in CAETS Council Meeting

CAETS 2017 Madrid

Real Academia de Ingenieria

11/16, 2017

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CAETS activities

must consider ethical issues

CAETS 2011 in Mexico

EAJ NEWS No. 141 (2011)2

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on March 11, 2011

OnagawaPhoto by Koizumi H. 2012

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CAETSInternational Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences, Inc.

COUNCIL MEETING

0900 – 1530 Friday July 1, 2011

InterContinental Hotel, Mexico CitySummary Minutes

Draft October 22, 2011

OPEN SESSION

1. The President welcomed all and asked that each person identify themselves. Dr. Koizumi (EAJ) thanked the

CAETS Member Academies for their expressions of sympathy and support in the wake of the earthquake and

injury to the nuclear reactors and also remarked about the disaster.

Following the disaster, we returned to basics to guide our way of thinking. For

example, does materialistic prosperity ensure happiness or well-being? What is

most important to us as human beings? What is the final destination of

engineering - the true objective of engineering? We are again taking a good look

at “Human Security and Well-Being.”

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CAETS 2015 in New Delhi

President:

Dr. Baldev Raj

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CAETS 2015 Pre-Diner-Talk

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7

Engineering

Science Technology

Humans create artifacts

in nature

Humans imitate

nature or make

something useful

Humans understand

or know nature

Science/Engineering/Technology (SET)

Koizumi, H., Invited Lecture at the 11th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (2012)

Skei (G):

split/divide

Gen (G): give birth

Tekhne (G):

imitate/makeOrigin of reductionism Ars (L)

=

Ethics

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Insertion of ethics into the basis of science & technology

A highlight of the Curies’ statement on accepting the Nobel Prize regarding the discovery of radium

The Curies in 1903:

Science and technology are neutral, sowhether they are applied for good or badends depends entirely upon humanity

Courtesy of the Association

Curie et Joliot-Curie

Discovery of Radium

Ethics

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Nobel Prize

Alfred Nobel

(1833~1896)

Inventor of dynamite

Photos from Wikipedia 10

Lights and shadows of Fritz Haber

Fritz Haber

(1868~1934)

Clara Immerwahr

(1870~1915)

Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his

invention of the Haber-Bosch process (synthesizing ammonia

from nitrogen and hydrogen gases).

The food production for half the world's current population

depends on this method for producing nitrogen fertilizers

The Second Battle of Ypres (April 22~May 25, 1915)

The large-scale synthesis of fertilizers and explosives

The first mass use of poison gas (67,000 casualties)

Haber’s wife

protested by suicide

Poison gas engineering during the World War I

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Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells & Gene Engineering

Prof. Shinya Yamanaka

Nobel Prize for Physiology

or Medicine in 2013

Photo by Takeda, S., Central Research Lab., Hitachi, Ltd.

Wikipedia

Gene Editing

The second generation (2010- )

The third Generation (2013- )

ZFN:

Zinc-finger nuclease

CRISPR/Cas9:

Clustered regularly

interspaced short

palindromic repeats/

CRISPR associated systems 9

Cong L. et al., Multiplex genome engineering

using CRISPR/Cas system, Science (2013)

TALEN:

Transcription activator-like

effector nuclease

The first generation (1996- )

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells

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What was the hidden objective of alchemy?

e.g., engineering of iPS Cellsat present

From Goethe’s Faust (1808/1832)

Necessity of ethics

in engineering

Koizumi, H., History of brain science, Kadokawa (2011)

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Lights and shadows of human language from an ethical viewpoint

Koizumi, H., Science History of the Brain, Kadokawa, (2011).

Phonological loop below consciousness

Broca’s

area

Supramarginal gyrus

Wernicke’s area

Angular

Gurus

Arcuate fasciculus

Some features of human language

Productivity beyond realityEx. “Colorless green ideas sleep

furiously.” (Chomsky, N.)

Transportation

Easily transportable in space

and time.

Ex. I live in Japan

I will live in U.S.A

Automatism

Automatic generation of

sentences in speech and thought.

Future

thinking

Post Truth

The Ethics of AI is included in this issue.

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Collaboration between corporates academies towards UN/SDGs

Courtesy of the United Nations

NO

POVERTY

ZERO

HUNGER

GOOD HEALTH

& WELL-BEING

QUALITY

EDUCATION

Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR)

Corporate Social

Values (CSV)Engineering for SDGs

GENDER &

SANITATION

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All contributions are based on a Workshop

hosted in November 2015 by Pontifical Academy

of Sciences at Vatican entitled “Children are

Sustainable Development : A Challenge for

Education” and follow three other significant

events on sustainable development in 2015,

namely the publication of Laudato Si”, the

Encyclical Letter from Pope Francis, the release

of the United Nations Sustainable Development

Goals, and the COP21 Conference in Paris.

Koizumi, H. “Scientific Learning and Education for Human Security and Well-Being” (2017)

Pontifical Academy of

Sciences, and SDGs

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AAAS 2017 in Feb (2017)

A Project in Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ)

Project Leader: Dr. Haruo TAKEDA

For STI*-for-SDGs: Academia-Industry Collaboration

of a Japanese Company in ASEAN Countries

UN’s STI Forum in May (2017）

Engineering for SDGs

Please, get in touch with us if CAETS Academies

would be interested in this EAJ Project

STI*: Science, Technology and Innovation

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Academy’s neutrality could show a proper direction

The Separation of Powers

JudiciaryLegislature

Executive

Ethics in

EngineeringThe role of a Compass to lead society

Ideally, academies should be independent of governmental power

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Engineering

Academy

“The School of Athens” fresco by Raphael (artwork completed in 1511) 19

Academy established by Plato in 385BC

“The School of Athens” fresco by Raphael (artwork completed in 1511) Plato Aristotle

TimaeusEthica

Nikomachea

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metta

karuna

mudita

upekkha

unconditional loving kindness such as that in the gentle heart of a good friend or a mother

the ability to share another’s pain as if it were one’s own

the altruistic joy in another’s good fortunes

equanimity is a balanced state of mind with no strong attachments to things and self

Pali

慈

悲

喜

捨

ChinesePali meaning (~BC 500)

From an ancient Indian philosophy

Warmheartedness (compassion)

Human dignity<Ethics>

Thank you very much for your attention!

The Center for Exploratory ResearchCentral Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.

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Copernicus Plaza in Torn, Poland

Heliocentric theory

by Copernicus

Pointing to the Polestar

Compass

The critical role of world academies

All photos by Koizumi, H.24