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Name Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives Description Instructions Modify Add Question Here Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Which of the following is NOT one of the three lessons about social stratification that is illustrated in Brym and Lie's discussion of the 1975 Italian movie, Swept Away. Answer It is possible to be rich without working hard because one can inherit wealth. One can work hard without becoming rich. Something about human beings leads them to love the rich and hate the poor. Something about the structure of society causes inequality. sociology social stratification social organization social interaction social archeology Add Question Here Question 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question If you were to look at American society and see people organized into different layers based on their access to resources such as money or wealth, you would be thinking about: Answer sociology social stratification social organization social interaction social archeology Add Question Here Question 7 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question

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Page 1: € Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and …s3.amazonaws.com/prealliance_oneclass_sample/voZKbnZ6gq.pdfName€ Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives

Name  Chapter 8--Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives

Description 

Instructions  Modify

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Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhich of the following is NOT one of the three lessons about social stratification that is illustrated in Brym and Lie's discussion of the 1975 Italian movie, Swept Away.Answer   It is possible to be rich without working hard because one can inherit wealth.

  One can work hard without becoming rich.  Something about human beings leads them to love the rich and hate the poor.  Something about the structure of society causes inequality.  none of these choices

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QuestionRobinson Crusoe, Swept Away, and Titanic all illustrate issues of social inequality because they:Answer   illustrate patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality

  illustrate how Hollywood dramatizes social inequality  criticize inequality in everyday life  all of these choices  none of these choices

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QuestionRobinson Crusoe, Swept Away, and Titanic all illustrate how social inequality can have powerful consequences for the way we live. They do this by:Answer   illustrating patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality

  illustrating how Hollywood minimizes social inequality  criticizing inequality in everyday life  all of these choices  none of these choices

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QuestionThe authors argue that Titanic examines:Answer   the inescapable patterns of social relations that underlie and shape inequality

  the personal determination of stratification  the influence of media on our understanding of the world  how love and crisis can overcome social stratification  none of these choices

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Question 5 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe idea that society is organized in layers or strata is called:Answer   sociology

  social stratification  social organization  social interaction  social archeology

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Question 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionIf you were to look at American society and see people organized into different layers based on their access to resources such as money or wealth, you would be thinking about:Answer   sociology

  social stratification  social organization  social interaction  social archeology

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Question

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The assets you own and control compose your:Answer   money

  sense of self  social organization of everyday life  income  wealth

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Question 8 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionA home, a car, and some appliances are all examples of:Answer   money

  sense of self  social organization of everyday life  income  wealth

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QuestionWhat you are able to earn in a given period of time is known as your:Answer   money

  sense of self  social organization of everyday life  income  wealth

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QuestionAccording to Brym and Lie, there is greater disparity in the distribution of ____ than in the distribution of ____.Answer   money, jobs

  wealth, income  inheritance, pay  income, wealth  race, gender

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QuestionThe reason that sociologists know little about the distribution of wealth is because:Answer   Americans hide their wealth

  Americans all have such great wealth compared to other countries  Americans are not required to report their wealth  In America assets are always greater than debt  none of these choices

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Question 12 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThirty-seven percent of all national wealth is owned by:Answer   the government

  Bill Gates  the richest 1% of Americans  the richest 10% of Americans  foreign governments

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QuestionStudents of social stratification often divide populations into categories of unequal size that differ in their lifestyle. These are often called:Answer   income classes

  income strata  wealth strata  stratum  income and wealth strata

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QuestionSociologists divide populations into a number of equal-sized statistical categories, usually called:Answer   income classes

  income strata  wealth strata  stratum  income and wealth strata

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QuestionIf a sociologist divides households into five separate and equal levels by income, this would be called:Answer   income classes

  income strata  wealth strata  stratum  income and wealth strata

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Question 16 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe upper-upper class that comprises less than one percent of the United States population was once described as:Answer   patrician

  the elite  the power elite  old money  new money

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QuestionMany members of the upper-upper class ____ their wealth.Answer   squander

  inherit  give away all  hoard all  hide all

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Question 18 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionIn recent decades a substantial number of people have entered the upper-upper class. These people are called:Answer   patrician

  the elite  the power elite  old money  new money

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QuestionNew members of the upper-upper class are:Answer   still overwhelmingly white

  overwhelmingly non-Hispanic  concentrated in high-tech areas  all of these choices  none of these choices

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QuestionLarry Ellison, the founder and CEO of Oracle, represents a case of:Answer   a patrician

  the technological elite  the power elite  old money  new money

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QuestionAs high-tech industry came to dominate Silicon Valley, it encouraged much upward mobility. It also:Answer   increased the cost of living, which hurt the middle class and the poor

  decreased the cost of living by increasing economic opportunities  kept inequality level  increased the cost of entering technological markets, which minimized the growth of the wealthy  none of these choices

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QuestionOver a lifetime, an individual may experience considerable movement up or down the stratification system. Sociologists call this movement:Answer   horizontal social mobility

  energized social stratification  vertical social mobility  increasing social expectation  the social class consequence

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QuestionWhich of the following increases during periods of economic restructuring, for example, the plant closings and layoffs the United States experienced in the 1980s and 1990s?Answer   upward mobility

  vertical mobility  downward mobility  organizational mobility  high-tech industry

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QuestionWhich of the following is NOT a consequence of the changing patterns of social stratification caused by the high-tech industry?Answer   high-technology industry squeezed the middle class and encouraged downward mobility

  high-technology industry helped to create a new division in the lower-upper class-the "poor rich"  high technology industry lowered the value of unskilled work  high-technology industry swelled the ranks of the poor  none of these choices

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QuestionVariations in income and wealth between countries is known as:Answer   inequity

  global mobility  global inequality  all of these choices  none of these choices

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QuestionWhen sociologists study the differences in income and wealth between countries, they are studying:Answer   social inequality

  global inequality  gross international product  cross-national variations in internal stratification  all of these choices

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Question 27 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhen sociologists are studying international differences in the gap between rich and poor within countries, they are studying:Answer

  social inequality

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  global inequality  gross international product  cross-national variations in internal stratification  all of these choices

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Question____ is the measure of income inequality that ranges from zero to one, measures the level of internal stratification, and allows researchers to compare inequality between societies:Answer   the strata rating

  the Gini index  the Parsons theorem  the stratification correlation  none of these choices

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Question 29 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionA Gini index of zero indicates that:Answer   every household in the country earns very different amounts of money

  every adult in the country earns the same amount of money  every household in the country earns the same amount of money  a single household earns the entire national income  we cannot know how the national income is earned in a country

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QuestionA Gini index of one indicates that:Answer   every household in the country earns very different amounts of money

  every adult in the country earns the same amount of money  every household in the country earns the same amount of money  a single household earns the entire national income  we cannot know how the national income is earned in a country

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Question 31 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe construction of the first agricultural settlements were based on:Answer   large scale agriculture

  pastoralism  horticulture  slash and burn agriculture  raiding

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Question 32 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe use of small hand tools to cultivate plants is known as:Answer   large scale agriculture

  pastoralism  horticulture  slash and burn agriculture  raiding

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QuestionThe domestication of animals is a characteristic of which form of agriculture?Answer   large scale agriculture

  pastoralism  horticulture  slash and burn agriculture  raiding

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Question 34 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

Question

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Larry Ellison of Oracle achieved his position in the American stratification system based on:Answer   achievement

  luck  social ritual  ascription  the wealth of his parents

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QuestionIf you do well on a sociology test because you studied and worked hard, this would illustrate a (n) ____-based accomplishment.Answer   achievement

  luck  ritual  ascription  sociologically

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Question 36 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionIn India, society was divided into ____.Answer   social classes

  castes  occupation groups  divisions  none of these choices

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Question 37 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

Question____ divide society into groups and subgroups arranged in a rigid hierarchy.Answer   classes

  castes  occupation groups  divisions  none of these choices

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QuestionAt first, the Industrial Revolution that began in the 1700s:Answer   eliminated stratification

  increased the level of stratification  had a huge effect on stratification, in both directions  did little to lower the level of stratification  none of these choices

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QuestionDuring the Industrial Revolution, improvements in the technology and social organization of manufacturing allowed people to produce more goods, at a lower cost per unit, thereby:Answer   deskilling the populace

  reducing quality  destroying "guilds"  creating unions  making a rise in living standards possible

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QuestionWhich one of the following was NOT one of the factors that broke down social inequality following industrialization?Answer   improvements in technology of manufacturing made it possible to produce less expensive goods

  business required a literate, numerate, and highly trained work force  workers struggled to join unions  traditional inequality between men and women broke down as women entered the work force  the number of high-technology jobs increased substantially

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QuestionThe trend most responsible for the gap between the rich and poor increasing for the past fifty years is:Answer   the rise in high technology jobs

  the increase in connectivity  the creation of the Internet  the increase in middle level management jobs  declining inflation

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QuestionIn medieval Western Europe, peasants worked small plots of land owned by landlords. The peasants were legally obliged to give their landlords a set amount of the harvest from the land and to continue to work for them under any circumstances. In return, the landlord protected the peasants and provided storehouses and fed the peasants in the event of crop failure. This economic system is known as:Answer   capitalism

  feudalism  industrialism  agrarianism  none of these choices

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QuestionKarl Marx argued that feudalism began to decline as manufacturing production increased. This:Answer   created a need for workers

  created a need for landowners  created a need for serfs to generate the raw materials for industrial production  created a trend toward unionization  none of these choices

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QuestionMarx argued that as the capitalist economy matured:Answer   the number of capitalists increased as business opportunities grew

  the number of workers decreased as the antagonism between workers and capitalists grew  the capitalist class grew smaller and richer, while the working class grew larger and poorer  the new working class became far wealthier than they had been as serfs  none of these choices

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QuestionMarx believed that workers would ultimately see themselves as belonging to the same exploited class. He called this growing awareness:Answer   class exploitation

  class-consciousness  bourgeois identification  proletarian identification  revolutionary unconsciousness

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QuestionAccording to Marx, a person's ____ is determined by the source of his or her income or their "relationship to the means of production."Answer   exploitation

  class consciousness  bourgeoisie  proletariat  class

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QuestionAccording to Marx, what is determined by someone's "relationship to the means of production?"Answer

  class exploitation

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  class consciousness  bourgeoisie  proletariat  class

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QuestionMarx called those who do not own the "means of production" and work for wages:Answer   the haute cuisine

  the lumpenproletariat  the bourgeoisie  the proletariat  the petty bourgeoisie

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QuestionMarx called members of the class that own the "means of production," such as factories, land, and tools:Answer   the dumplenproletariat

  das "uberman"  the bourgeoisie  the proletariat  the petty bourgeoisie

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QuestionAccording to Marx, the distinguishing factor in determining what class people are in is:Answer   the amount of income and wealth they possess

  the community in which they reside  their level of influence in society  their prestige  the source of their income

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QuestionA class of small-scale capitalists who own "means of production" but employ only a few workers or none at all are called:Answer   the haute kapital

  the nomenklatura  the bourgeoisie  the proletariat  the petty bourgeoisie

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QuestionWhich of the following are aspects of capitalist development that Marx did NOT accurately predict?Answer   industrial societies did not polarize into two oppressed classes

  a large and heterogeneous middle-class developed  investment in technologies increased the wages of workers  Communism took root and developed in industrially developed countries

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QuestionClass position in a stratification system is determined by ____, according to Max Weber.Answer   ownership of the "means of production"

  ownership of land  parties  market situation  status groups

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QuestionIn Weber's view, the possession of goods, opportunities for income, level of education, and degree of technical skill

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comprise one's:Answer   ownership of the "means of production"

  ownership of land  parties  market situation  status groups

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QuestionWhich of the following is NOT an aspect of Weber's "market situation?"Answer   possession of goods

  opportunities for income  level of education  degree of technical skills  level of social honor

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QuestionWhich of the following is NOT one of the four main social classes for Weber?Answer   large property owners

  small property owners  relatively highly educated and well-paid employees who do not own property  members of the intellectual elite, such as college professors  manual workers who do not own property

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QuestionGroups of people that differ from one another in the prestige or social honor they enjoy and in their style of life are called:Answer   social classes

  status groups  parties  white-collar employees and professionals  social celebrities

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Question____ are not just political groups but, more generally, organizations that seek to impose their will on others.Answer   social classes

  status groups  parties  white-collar employees and professionals  intellectual workers

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QuestionThe idea that one can head a military, scientific, or other bureaucracy without being rich, just as one can be rich and still have to endure low prestige, illustrates the importance of ____:Answer   social classes

  status groups  parties  white-collar employees and professionals  intellectual workers

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QuestionThe idea that a judge's work contributes more to society than the work of a janitor is an illustration of which theory of stratification?Answer   Marxist

  Weberian  functionalist  conflict  symbolic interactionist

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QuestionAccording to Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, society needs to create incentives to motivate the most talented people to train for the most important jobs. This is an aspect of ____:Answer   Marxist Theory

  Weberian Theory  functionalism  conflict Theory  a sociological theory

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QuestionOnce people attain high-class standing they use their power to maintain their position and promote the interests of their families regardless of how talented their children are. For example, inheritance allows parents to transfer wealth to children regardless of their talent. This:Answer   poses a problem for the Marxist theory of stratification

  poses a problem for the Weberian theory of stratification  poses a problem for the functional theory of stratification  all of these choices  none of these choices

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Question 63 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionAccording to Blau and Duncan, stratification in America is based mainly on:Answer   inheritance

  individual achievement  luck  social networks  none of these choices

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Question 64 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe average earnings and average years of education of men employed full time in various occupations is known as:Answer   a wealth score

  an income score  the socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI)  the social status score (SSS)  socioeconomic status (SES)

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Question 65 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionResearchers combined income, education, and occupational prestige data to construct a(n):Answer   index of wealth

  index of income  socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI)  social status score (SSS)  index of socioeconomic status (SES)

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QuestionTo explain occupational achievement, Blau and Duncan used survey data. They concluded that:Answer   the respondent's own achievements had little influence on their occupational status

  the respondent's own achievements had much more influence on their occupational status than ascribed characteristics  there were no clear patterns  mother's social status and education were more influential than previously thought  father's job and formal education were more influential than previously thought

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QuestionThe approach to studying social stratification that focuses on the effects of family background and educational level on occupational achievement is called the:Answer

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  status attainment model  stratification model  socioeconomic index of occupational status (SEI)  social status score (SSS)  socioeconomic status (SES)

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QuestionWhile research has shown that the rate of social mobility for men in the United States is high and that most mobility has been upward, since the early 1970s:Answer   social mobility for men has increased geometrically

  social mobility for women has increased faster than men  social mobility has decreased substantially  social mobility has leveled off  none of these choices

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QuestionSocial mobility within a single generation is called:Answer   intergenerational mobility

  intragenerational mobility  structural mobility  organizational mobility  individual mobility

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Question 70 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionResearchers have found that mobility for men within a single generation is:Answer   decreasing

  increasing  always higher  always lower  generally modest

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Question 71 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionMobility for men over more than one generation can be substantial and is called:Answer   intergenerational mobility

  intragenerational mobility  structural mobility  organizational mobility  individual mobility

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QuestionOne of the most dramatic changes during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the decline in agriculture and the rise of manufacturing. This caused a big drop in the numbers of farmers and a corresponding surge in the number of factory workers. Mobility due to such changes in jobs is called:Answer   intergenerational mobility

  intragenerational mobility  structural mobility  organizational mobility  individual mobility

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QuestionBlau and Duncan's study of social stratification has been criticized from many perspectives. However, most of the criticisms agree that:Answer   it is time bound

  it ignores the degree to which mobility is limited by gender, race, and class  it is too international in scope  it is too American in scope  none of these choices

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QuestionWhich of the following was NOT one of the criticisms made of Blau and Duncan's study of social stratification?Answer   They did not sample part-time and unemployed workers

  They underrepresented members of the working class  They underrepresented African and Hispanic Americans  Women were excluded from their research  Younger workers were underrepresented

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QuestionSome of Blau and Duncan's critics suggest that it is insufficient to examine only the characteristics of individuals (such as years of education completed) when trying to explain status attainment. They state that it is also important to examine the characteristics of:Answer   all family members

  all classes  groups  the community  all of these choices

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QuestionAn adequate theory of class stratification must specify a small number of distinct classes because the larger the number of classes specified by the theory:Answer   the more complicated and less useful the explanation

  the greater the sampling problems  the more the bias  the less it will capture class differences  none of these choices

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QuestionErik Olin Wright's basic distinction in class analysis is between:Answer   status categories and parties

  different levels of SES  intellectual, physical, and service work  modern and postmodern work  none of these choices

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QuestionAccording to Wright, the basic distinction in class analysis is between property owners and non-owners. He also distinguishes between large, medium, and small owners based on how they:Answer   differ from one another in political activism to advocate their economic interests

  differ from one another in terms of how much status they possess  differ from one another in terms of power  differ from one another in terms of how much property they own and how many employees they have  none of these choices

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QuestionFor Wright, "organizational assets" refer to:Answer   decision-making authority

  the financial resources of an organization  the political influence of a property owner  all of these choices  none of these choices

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QuestionIn Wright's theory, non-propertied people who have high skill and credential levels combined with no organizational assets are called:Answer

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  managers  organizational activists  expert managers  semi-credentialed mangers  expert non-managers

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QuestionWhich of the following is NOT one of Goldthorpe's basic divisions in employment relations?Answer   employers

  self-employed  employees  governmental employees  none of these choices

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Question 82 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionHow do members of a status group signal their social rank?Answer   by displaying "taste" in fashion, food, music, literature, and behavior

  by organizing around political interests  by communicating on the Internet  by examining "bad taste"  none of these choices

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QuestionAccording to Bourdieu, people acquire specific cultural tastes associated with their ____. This helps to distinguish them from people in other social positions.Answer   social classes

  parties  jobs  social position  all of these choices

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QuestionMany people who really can't afford to obey the rules of conspicuous consumption, waste, and leisure feel compelled to do so anyway. As a result, they go into debt to maintain their wardrobes because doing so:Answer   maintains the economy

  is not a problem because debt is overlooked in American society  maintains prestige in the eyes of associates and strangers alike  is the only way to successfully get a good job  none of these choices

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Question 85 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe percentage of Americans who fall below the poverty threshold is called:Answer   the poverty rate

  the homelessness rate  the plight of the poor  individual inequity  all of these choices

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Question 86 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhich of the following was NOT a policy initiative aimed at the problem of poverty in the United States?Answer   the introduction of various social support programs during the Great Depression

  the "War on Poverty"  the reduction of welfare programs in the 1980s  the "Death to Poverty Campaign" of the 1990s  all of these choices

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Question 87

 

QuestionWhich of the following is NOT a myth about poverty that underlies the "war against the poor?"Answer   The overwhelming majority of poor people are African or Hispanic American single mothers.

  People are poor because they don't want to work.  Poor people are trapped in poverty and cannot escape it.  Welfare is a strain on the federal budget.  none of these choices, that is, all of these are myths about poverty

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Question 88 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionSurveys show that:Answer   few Americans have trouble placing themselves in the class structure when asked to do so

  most Americans know that the gaps between classes are large  most Americans do not think that big gaps between classes are needed to motivate people to work hard  most Americans think that inequality exists because it benefits the rich and powerful  all of these choices

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Question 89 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionAccording to Marx, one's relationship to the means of production determines one's:Answer   position

  status  class  value  standing

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Question 90 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionAccording to Weber, class is determined by one's:Answer   market value

  market situation  income  family history  social standing

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Question 91 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhich of the following is NOT one of the ways that Wright distinguishes classes:Answer   relationship to the means of production

  amount of property owned  organizational assets  family history  skill

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Question 92 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionGoldthorpe asserted that classes are determined mainly by:Answer   one's "employment relations"

  one's "relationship to power sources"  one's "employable income ratio"  one's "relationship to employable bodies"  one's "employ d'egalitie"

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QuestionMany elements of "high culture", such as opera and abstract art, are inaccessible to most people because fully understanding them requires:Answer   training

  unheard of wealth  special education  professional help  access to information

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QuestionThe movie Sweet Home Alabama achieves a happy ending by denying the often-difficult process of adapting to a new subculture as one experiences:Answer   class adaptation

  social upheaval  social mobility  economic uprising  cultural capital improvement

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QuestionOne of the problems with the functional theory of stratification is that it is difficult to establish which jobs are important, especially when one takes a:Answer   functional perspective

  economic perspective  historical perspective  sociological perspective  anthropomorphic perspective

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Question 96 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWright and Goldthorpe created ____ that specified criteria for distinguishing a small number of classes.Answer   class records

  class maps  class guides  class nomenclature  classified status

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Question 97 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionFor Goldthorpe, the basic division in employment relations is among:Answer   employers

  self-employed people  employees  all of the above  none of the above

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Question 98 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionToday, we have different ways of using clothes to signal:Answer   taste

  wealth  prestige  style  status

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Question 99 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionA second noneconomic dimension of stratification is:Answer   education

  religion  history  politics  economics

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Question 100 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhat has a profound impact on the distribution of opportunities and rewards in society?Answer

  home life  political life  employment life

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  personal life  educational life

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Question 101 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionSocial stratification pervades all aspects of social life.Answer True

False

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Question 102 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe richest 1% of American households own 37% of all national wealth, while the richest 10% own more than 70% of all national wealth.Answer True

False

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Question 103 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionIncome inequality has been declining in the United States for the past quarter of a century.Answer True

False

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Question 104 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionFueled by high-tech industries, the 1990s witnessed the longest economic boom in American history.Answer True

False

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Question 105 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionMuch of the wealth of the wealthy industrialized countries has come about because of the hard work, natural resources, and good business planning of these countries.Answer True

False

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Question 106 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionCaste-like systems existed only in agricultural societies.Answer True

False

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Question 107 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionMarx expected communism to take root in countries where industry and capitalism were the most developed.Answer True

False

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Question 108 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWeber states that to get an accurate picture of a society's stratification system, one must analyze classes, businesses, and religious groups.Answer True

False

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Question 109 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionResearch shows there are only small differences in rates of social mobility among the highly industrialized countries. The United States does not have an exceptionally high rate of upward social mobility. In fact, some countries, such as Australia and Canada, have higher upward mobility rates than the United States.Answer True

False

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Question 110 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question

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If you compare people with the same level of education and similar family backgrounds, women and minority groups tend to attain the same status as white men do.Answer True

False

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Question 111 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionAccording to Wright, the basic distinction in class analysis is between property owners and non-owners.Answer True

False

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Question 112 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe difference between "good taste," "common taste," and "bad taste" are inherent in cultural objects themselves and are all equally accessible to all members of society.Answer True

False

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Question 113 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionOften, rich people engage in conspicuous displays of consumption, waste, and leisure not because they are necessary, useful, or pleasurable but simply to impress their peers and inferiors.Answer True

False

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Question 114 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionThe overwhelming majority of poor people are African or Hispanic American single mothers with children.Answer True

False

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Question 115 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionSurveys show that few Americans have trouble placing themselves in the class structure when asked to do so.Answer True

False

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Question 116 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhat is the difference between wealth and income?Answer Wealth is what you own (minus what you owe) whereas income is what you earn in a given time period.

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QuestionWhat is the functional theory of stratification?Answer The functional theory of stratification argues that (a) some jobs are more important than other, (b) people have

to make sacrifices to train for important jobs, and (c) inequality is required to motivate people to undergo these sacrifices.

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QuestionDescribe the apartheid system.Answer Apartheid was a caste system based on race that existed in South Africa from 1941992. It consigned the large

black majority to menial jobs, prevented marriage between blacks and whites, and erected separate public facilities for members of the two races. Asians and people of "mixed race" enjoyed privileges between these two extremes.

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QuestionAccording to Marx, who are the bourgeoisie?Answer The bourgeoisie are owners of the means of production, including factories, tools and land. They do not do any

physical labor. Their income derives from profits.

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QuestionWhat is a caste system?Answer A caste system is an almost pure ascription-based stratification system in which occupation and marriage

partners are assigned on the basis of caste membership.

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QuestionWhat was feudalism?Answer Feudalism was a legal arrangement in preindustrial Europe that bound peasants to the land and obliged them to

give their landlords a set part of the harvest. In exchange, landlords were required to protect peasants from marauders and open their storehouses and feed the peasants if crops failed.

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QuestionAccording to Marx, who are the petty bourgeoisie?Answer The petty bourgeoisie is the class of small-scale capitalists who own means of production but employ only a

few workers or none at all, forcing them to do physical work themselves.

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Question 123 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionDefine the poverty rate.Answer The poverty rate is the percentage of people living below the poverty threshold, which is three times the

minimum food budget established by the United States Department of Agriculture.

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Question 124 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionExplain the concept of socioeconomic status.Answer Socioeconomic status (SES) combines income, education, and occupational prestige data in a single index of

one's position in the socioeconomic hierarchy.

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QuestionExplain the concept of the proletariat, according to Marx.Answer The proletariat, in Marx's usage, is the working class. Members of the proletariat do physical labor but do not

own means of production. They are thus in a position to earn wages.

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Question 126 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionCompare and contrast internal and international stratification.Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 127 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionCompare and contrast Marx and Weber on social stratification.Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 128 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionCompare and contrast Marx, Weber, and Davis and Moore on how they view social stratification.Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 129 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionExplain the criticisms of Blau and Duncan's status attainment model. What has subsequent research shown?Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 130 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionDescribe Erik Olin Wright's model of class analysis. How is it similar to Marx's model?Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 131 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

  QuestionCompare and contrast Wright and Goldthorpe's typology of class structure. Who has the best model according to Brym

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and Lie? Do you agree?Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 132 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhat reasons make class analysis so important to the study of stratification and sociology?Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 133 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionWhat are the two main currents of American opinion on poverty and how do they differ from one another?Answer Answer not provided.

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Question 134 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

 

QuestionHow is the poverty threshold determined? How is it used?Answer Answer not provided.

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QuestionConstruct your own question drawing on relevant course materials for your answer. Points will be awarded for both the question and the answer.Answer Answer not provided.

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