A Case Study of Juvenile Delinquency

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A Case Study of

Juvenile

Delinquency

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Juvenile delinquency

Juvenile delinquency is participation in

illegal behavior by minors (juveniles)

who fall under a statutory age limit.

ost legal systems prescribe specific

procedures for dealing with juveniles!

such as juvenile detention centers. "here

are a multitude of different theories onthe causes of crime! most if not all of

which can be applied to the causes of

youth crime. #outh crime is an aspect of

crime which receives great attention

from the news media and politicians.

"he level and types of youth crime can


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be used by commentators as an indicator

of the general state of morality and law

and order in a country! and consequently

youth crime can be the source of $moral

panics% .

A juvenile delinquent is a person who is

typically under the age of &' and

commits an act that otherwise wouldve

been charged as a crime if they were anadult. Juvenile delinquents sometimes

have associated mental disorders andor

behavioral issues such as post traumatic

stress disorder or bipolar disorder! and

are sometimes diagnosed with conduct


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disorder partially as both the cause and

resulting effects of their behaviors.

*.+. What is Juvenile ,elinquency-

hildren often test the limits and

boundaries set by their parents and other

authority figures. Among adolescents!

some rebelliousness and e/perimentation

is common. 0owever! a few childrenconsistently participate in problematic

behaviors that negatively affect their

family! academic! social! and personal

functioning. "hese children present great

concern to parents and the community at

large. "he prevention of delinquency


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requires identifying at1ris2 individuals

and their environments before delinquent

activity and behavior occur! and then

removing such ris2 factors or

strengthening resistance to the ris2

factors already present. "he most logical

starting place for prevention efforts is the

family.

*.3. auses of juvenile4A) Juvenile se/ crimes

Juveniles who commit se/ual crimes

refer to individuals adjudicated in a

criminal court for a se/ual crime. 5e/

crimes are defined as se/ually abusive

behavior committed by a person under


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the age of &' that is perpetrated 6against

the victim%s will! without consent! and in

an aggressive! e/ploitative!

manipulative! or threatening manner7. 8t

is important to utili9e appropriate

terminology for juvenile se/ offenders.

0arsh and inappropriate e/pressions

include terms such as 6pedophile! child

molester! predator! perpetrator! and mini1perp7 "hese terms have often been

associated with this group! regardless of

the youth%s age! diagnosis! cognitive

abilities! or developmental stage. :sing

appropriate e/pressions can facilitate a

more accurate depiction of juvenile se/


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offenders and may decrease the

subsequent aversive psychological

affects from using such labels.

; ) child


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relationship (i.e.! attachment! closeness!

acceptance! and rejection). A number of

studies e/amined the moderating role of

each dimension separately with

conflicting results.

8n fact! they go so far as to state that

family influence can be much more

powerful than the influence of one%s

peers. "his suggests that a positivefamily influence with strong emotional

bonding and positive communication

strategies can mitigate the influence of

deviant peers in a young person%s life.

"hey clarify this by stating that the

family type is also e/tremely important


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and childrenyouth from non1traditional

families (single parent! reconstituted)

have a far greater chance of engaging in

delinquent behavior than childrenyouth

from traditional families. 6


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less time to spend with their children. A

single parent also has the added pressure

of trying to provide emotional support

for all the children in addition to being

the economic support. ?econstituted

families can e/perience difficulties in the

arena of communications and emotional

support. hildren of divorced parents

often face emotional conflicts regardingtheir allegiance to either one or both of

their parents. "hey also face a difficulty

in scheduling time with their parents and

the adjustment to new influences when

their biological parents remarry. "he

authors state the following4 6@children


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and adolescents who e/perience family

disturbances due to divorce and

remarriage typically demonstrate higher

levels of aggressive! defiant! and

delinquent behavior. ne e/planation is

that marital brea2up produces conditions

and consequences that have an adverse

effect on children7. We cannot always

place the blame on parents. ;ut thestructure within the family household

could determine the e/tent of

delinquency manifested by a juvenile.


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children all play roles in forming

character and influencing behavior. "he

attitudes and actions of parents can

create an important influence in the lives

of children.


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structure! and development! and the

nourishing process is vital to formation

of a child%s development.


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wor2 out. Adolescents and even adults

deviate from rules. "he single parent

family setting could still prepare the

child for family roles! but it was less

effective in preparing children for their

adult roles in society and the community.

8n most cases! is one1parent family!

whether the result of divorce! desertion

or death! consists of a mother andchildren living together. "he mother

often finds it difficult to provide

sustenance and guidance! and the

absence of a father leaves the male

children without an adult male role

model. Absence of family as a unit could


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affect childhood and how children

sociali9e. Where the family fails! other

sociali9ing agencies will ta2e on an

increasing role in a child%s life.

?ace as a


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of race. "he suggestion that race may be

a factor in the development of delinquent

behavior is one that must be considered

carefully.

) 8ndividual ?is2


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individual ris2 factors can be identified

as contributing to a juveniles

involvement in harmful! destructive and

illegal activities.

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children who thin2 similarly.


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these conditions that can be e/hibited in

childhood that tend to end up being

displayed through delinquent behavior. A

common one is conduct disorder.

onduct disorder is defined as Ea lac2 of

empathy and disregard for societal

norms.E (,iagnostic and 5tatistical

anual of ental ,isorders!


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of communal institutions (e.g. family!

school! church and social groups.) and

communal relationships that traditionally

encouraged cooperative relationships

among people.Association! +FFG.)

*.G. 0ow does juvenile behavior become

delinquent- And when-


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:.5. ensus ;ureau! in &H*F there were

*. million minors (under eighteen years

of age) growing up without one or both

parents. 8n &HF! one of every four blac2

families was headed by a woman who

was divorced! separated from her

husband! or abandoned. 8n &H*+! almost

one out of every three blac2 families was

without a father! compared to one in tenfor whites. 8n this new millennium! the

syndrome is no longer confined to low1

income families or blac2 families.

"oday%s middle class increasingly

resembles the low1income family of the

early &HF%s. With the increase in such


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patterns as divorces (in &HH! one in

every three marriages ended in divorce)!

separations and wor2ing mothers!

children are increasingly being entrusted

to daycare centers! neighbors! home

alone and the television. hild1rearing

patterns have! thus! undergone drastic

changes.

*.I.


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high1delinquency areas in Kew #or2

ity! raig and Llic2 found three factors

related to increased li2elihood of

delinquency4 &) careless or inadequate

supervision by the mother or surrogate

motherC +) erratic or overly strict

disciplineC and 3) lac2 of cohesiveness of

the family unit.

5heldon and Lluec2 found that G.&percent of fathers were found to use

sound discipline practicesC +.* percent!

fairC and H.3 percent! unsound. "he

types of discipline practices were

described as follows4


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5ound 1 onsistent and firm control but

not so strict as to arouse fear and

antagonism.

:nsound 1 B/tremely la/ or e/tremely

rigid control by the parents! which! on

the one hand! gives unrestrained freedom

of action and! on the other hand! restricts

to the point of rebellion.

*.. Juvenile ourt4

"he juvenile courts still hold broad

powers over children. "hese powers

include the right to depart from legal

procedures established for criminal


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courts and to deny to children and their

parents privileges normally accorded

defendants in civil courts. "he juvenile

court may! for e/ample! consider

evidence that would be inadmissible in

both criminal and civil courts. "he

justification offered for this vast

delegation of power over children is that

it is essential if the court is to determinehow best to rehabilitate the child and

how to provide adequate care for him.

According to the standards suggested by

the :nited 5tates ,epartment of 0ealth!

Bducation and Welfare! if a juvenile


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court is to become fully effective! it must

have the following4

&) a judge and a staff identified with and

capable of carrying out a non1punitive

and individuali9ed service.

+) 5ufficient facilities must be available

in the court and the community to

ensure4

MMMMa) that the dispositions of the courtare based on the best available

2nowledge of the needs of the child!

MMMMb) that the child! if he needs care

and treatment! receives these through

facilities adapted to hisher needs and


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from persons properly qualified and

empowered to give them!

MMMMc) "hat the community receives

adequate protection.

3) Procedures designed to ensure4

MMMMa) that each child and his situation

are considered individually!

MMMMb) that the legal and constitutional

rights of both parents and child and thoseof the community are duly considered

and protected

*.*. ?emedy


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ii. Parenting education

iii. #outh mentoring

iv. Bducational support

v. Abuse education and treatment

vi. #outh sheltering

vii. "eaching the social and religious

values to young generation

With the development of delinquency in

youth being influenced by numerousfactors!

prevention efforts must comprehensive

in scope.

As it is difficult for state li2e Pa2istan to

provide the financial resources necessary

for the remedies of juvenile delinquency


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it is necessary that KLs! communities

must wor2 in collaboration with each

other to prevent juvenile delinquency.

,elinquency Prevention is the broad

term for all efforts aimed at preventing

youth from becoming involved in

criminal! or other antisocial! activity.

8ncreasingly! governments are

recogni9ing the importance of allocatingresources for the prevention of

delinquency.

;ecause it is often difficult for states to

provide the fiscal resources necessary for

good prevention! organi9ations!

communities! and governments are


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wor2ing more in collaboration with each

other to prevent juvenile delinquency.

With the development of delinquency in

youth being influenced by numerous

factors! prevention efforts are

comprehensive in scope. Prevention

services include activities such as

substance abuse education and treatment!

family counseling! youth mentoring!parenting education! educational support!

and youth sheltering. 8ncreasing

availability and use of family planning

services! including education and

contraceptives helps to reduce

unintended pregnancy and unwanted


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births! which are ris2 factors for

delinquency.

:nder above this opinion that! the

juvenile delinquency has been created

the family because as result of

disintegration of the family. 5o every

person is careful that any how there is no

born of child in family without lac2 oflove her father & mother.

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A Case Study of Juvenile Delinquency