A Case Study And Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using … · 2016-06-13 · Web Site: Email: [email protected] Volume 5, Issue 3, ... noise calculation models with spatial

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016 ISSN 2278-6856

Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016 Page 125

Abstract Noise pollution of urban areas is one of serious factors that the local agencies and state authorities have to consider in decision making processes. The spatial analysis and geostaticstical methods of GIS can play an important role to control noise pollution. GIS provide framework to integrate noise calculation models with spatial data that can be used for building noise maps. Noise maps can be used to assess and monitor the influence of noise effects. Noise maps within GIS have been developed in most of the European Countries. European Commission has approved the Directive called ‘Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC’ for noise mapping. Most of the noise maps that are available today and also that suggested by EU are in two dimensional (2D) in which noise effect is presented in x,y plane. 2D noise maps are built with the noise levels of one particular height. In the reality, noise travels in all direction. Residents living in high rise buildings are also severely affected by traffic noise. It is therefore important to develop 3D noise maps that can show influence of noise in all direction. This research work developed a methodology to build 3D noise models to analyze the three dimensional effect of noise pollution within a GIS. A case study was illustrated using a 3D city model for Chennai city. This involved building simple 3D city model, generation of 3D observation points (that represent the virtual microphones) and noise calculation using standard noise calculation models. The noise has calculated from 6 to 11 am in city limits of locations as Parry’scorner, mathuravolyal etc. Fictitious data was used to calculate the noise levels of study area. Appropriate Spatial interpolation methods were used to develop noise surface. The results showed that the quality and accuracy of noise models can be improved with high density of observation points. The observation points selected in straight line with evenly spacing showed good visualization of acoustic situation. All the data’s has implemented with gis and concluded. Keywords: Case Study, Analysis, Noise Pollution, GIS 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Global Concern On Noise Pollution Environmental pollution such as air, water, hazardous waste and noise pollution hasalways been a global concern affecting both the public’s health and the planet’sfragile ecosystems. The concentration of environmental pollution

is significantlyincreasing and causing serious threat to the quality of the environment. Managementof environmental pollution is a challenge. Although there are many managementtechniques, the problem of environmental pollution still remains the same. One ofthe serious issues of environmental pollution is noise. Noise pollution in large urbanareas is regarded as a growing problem of communities. Currently, noise pollution in urban environment is one of the serious issues ofconcern in major cities of world. There are various factors that contribute to increaseof noise levels in urban areas. One of the factors is the increase in urban population,which contributes to high traffic volume combined with increased intensity. In mosturban areas, the corridors are developed in a close proximity where people live andwork, which led to limited space and thus increase the number of high risebuildings. This type of settlement created a dense environment in urban areas, thusincreasing the traffic volume. Numerous countries have implemented newtechnologies to control noise pollution in urban areas. For example, low noisegenerating engines, changes in quality of tyres, changes in road material. 1.2. GIS For Noise Mapping GIS provides the central database management environment and noise data can beimported into a GIS. The phenomena of noise involve spatial distribution anddynamic process that fits into GIS environment. New mapping approachessupported by a GIS can be combined with spatial data analysis and mathematicalmodelling that further improves the quality of noise maps. Noise maps providespatial presentation of acoustic situation. Noise maps build in GIS can be used foranalysis and management process. GIS provides good visualisation tools of noisepropagation and assist in building a spatial decision support system that can be usedfor decision making process. Noise effect can be determined in GIS by combiningnoise levels with the location of people living in the area and their sensibility tonoise (Kluijver de Henket al., 2003). Mapping noise within GIS was started in mid90s. Two approaches were been used for building noise maps. One uses themeasured noise levels that are obtained by measuring noise levels in the field. Thesecond

A Case Study And Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using GIS

T.Subramani1 , S.Sounder2

1Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India

2PG Student Of Irrigation, Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India




approach is using noise prediction models. Measurement of noise in the fieldis difficult because of various factors, such as, variation in traffic flow, speed, typeand variation in weather conditions. It is time consuming and requires hugeinvestment and labour, therefore, noise calculation software is widely used forbuilding noise maps. Noise maps found to be very helpful for assessment of noiseeffect. The noise maps that presently exist and that recommended by EU Directiveare in 2D. 2.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 2.1 Noise Level At Parry’s Corner

Figure.1. Intersection at Parry’s Corner

2.2 Noise Level At Villivakkam

Figure.2 Intersection at Villivakkam

The noise levels recorded at Villivakam are presented in Figure 3 & 4 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more. .

Figure. 3: Observed Noise Level at Villivakkam for Ground Floor

Figure.4: Observed Noise Level at Villivakkamfor First Floor

2.3 Noise Level At Perambur

Figure.5: Intersection at Perambur

The noise levels recorded at Perambur are presented in Figure 6 & 7 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise




level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

Figure.6 Observed Noise Level at Perambur for Ground Floor

Figure.7: Observed Noise Level at Perambur for First Floor

2.4noise Level At Kolathur

Figure.8 : Intersection atKolathur

The noise levels recorded at Kolathur are presented in Figure 9 & 10 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

Figure.9 Observed Noise Level at Kolathur for Ground Floor




Figure.10: Observed Noise Level at Kolathur for First Floor

2.5 Noise Level At Near Meenambakam Junction

Figure.11 Intersection near Meenambakam junction

The noise levels recorded Near Meenambakam Junction presented in Figure.12 & 13 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

65676971737577798183858789

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Figure.12: Observed Noise Level near Meenambakam

Ground Floor

Figure.13: Observed Noise Level near Meenambakamfor First Floor

2.6 Noise Level At T.Nagar

Figure.14: Intersection atT.Nagar




The noise levels recorded at T-Nagar presented in Figure 15 & 16 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

Figure.15: Observed Noise Level at T.Nagar for Ground Floor

Figure.16: Observed Noise Level at T.Nagar for First Floor

2.7 Noise Level At Porur

Figure.17: Intersection at Porur

The noise levels recorded at Porur presented in Figure 18 & 19 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

65676971737577798183858789

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Figure.18: Observed Noise Level at Porur for Ground Floor




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Figure.19: Observed Noise Level at Porur for First Floor 2.8 Noise Level At Ambattur

Figure.20: Intersection at Ambattur

The noise levels recorded at Ambattur presented in Figure 21 &c 22 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

Figure.22: Observed Noise Level at Ambatturfor Ground Floor

Figure.23: Observed Noise Level at Ambattur for First

Floor 2.9 Noise Level At Annanagar

Figure.24: Intersection at Annanagar

The noise levels recorded at Annanagar presented in Figure 25 & 26 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and




6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

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Figure.25: Observed Noise Level at Annanagar for

Ground Floor

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Figure.26: Observed Noise Level at Annanagar for First

Floor

2.10 Noise Level At Maduravayil

Figure.27: Intersection at Maduravayil

The noise levels recorded at Maduravayil presented in Figure 28 & 29 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.

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Figure.28: Observed Noise Level at Maduravayilfor

Ground Floor




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Figure.29: Observed Noise Level at Maduravayil for First

Floor

3.GIS INTERPERTED ANALYSIS MAPS

Figure 30 to 34 shows integrated analysis maps.

Figure.30 .Noise Mapping around 6.00am to 7.00am








4. CONCLUSION The research findings suggest a time-consuming pro-cedure by means of which it would be possible to perform noise assessment studies on a larger sample size in a shorter sampling duration. Taking into consideration rush hours during the morning and evening and reduced traffic load in the noon, it could be concluded that surfaces have significant impact on reducing the noise level fluctuations. The influence of traffic flow on noise pollution levels seems to be overshadowed by civil architecture. Changes in urban fabric have led to a perceptible change in the average daytime sound pressure level in urban areas. As such, high-rise buildings increase reflection of sound and prevent sound propagation in the study area. The use of materials such as marble, granite, glass and composite laminates (metal-like materials) in building façade increases sound reflections due to their smooth surface. With a greater number of stations in a broader area, the pilot phase should be per-formed simultaneously in districts with old and new urban fabrics in order to obtain a more accurate comparison concerning the impact of civil architecture on the noise pollution levels in urban areas. Here with we conclude that hig rise building with structural members should get change and constructed means we prevent the noise and pollution through noise caused one. References

[1] M.Hamed , W Effat . A GIS-based approach for

the screening assessment of noise and vibration impacts from transit projects. J Environ Manage. 2007;84(3):305–13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.010.

[2] De Kluijver H, J Stoter . Noise mapping and GIS: Optimising quality and efficiency of noise effect studies. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2003;27(1):85–102, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(01)00038-2.

[3] T.Subramani, K.Babu ,A Study On Agricultural Drainage Systems , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015 , pp. 304-312 , 2015

[4] T.Subramani, D.John Prabakaran ,Uniformity Studies And Performance Of Sprinkler And Drip Irrigation , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5 , pp. 284-293 , 2015

[5] T.Subramani, P.Malathi ,Drainage And Irrigation Management System For Salem Dist Tamilnadu Using GIS , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 199-210 , 2015

[6] T.Subramani, Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zone By Using GIS, International Journal of

Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015

[7] T.Subramani, C.T.Sivakumar, C.Kathirvel, S.Seka,

Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zones In Tamil Nadu By Remote Sensing And GIS Technique International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications , Vol. 4 , Issue 12(Version 3), pp.127-138, 2014.

[8] T.Subramani, S.Badrinarayanan, K.Prasath, S.Sridhar, Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery Irrigation System, India Using Remote Sensing and Gis Technology, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.191-197, 2014.

[9] T.Subramani, M.Chandrasekaran, Saline Ground Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.173-179, 2014.

[10] T.Subramani, T.Manikandan, Analysis Of Urban Growth And Its Impact On Groundwater Tanneries By Using Gis, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.274-282, 2014.

[11] T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Land Slides Hazardous Zones By Using Remote Sensing And GIS" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 211-222 , 2015

[12] T.Subramani,”Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zone By Using GIS”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015

[13] T.Subramani, P.Krishnamurthi, “Geostatical Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by Using GIS”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.165-172, 2014.

[14] T.Subramani,, M.Kavitha.and K.P. Sivaraj., “Modelling of Traffic Noise Pollution ” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2, Issue.3, pp 3175-3182, 2012.

[15] T.Subramani,. “Study of Air Pollution Due to Vehicle Emission in Tourism Centre” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2, Issue.3, pp 1753-1763, 2012.

AUTHORS

Prof. Dr.T.Subramani Working as a Professor and Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India. Having more than 25 years of Teaching experience in Various

Engineering Colleges. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer




and Approved Valuer for many banks. Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of Civil Engineering branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies. Guided more than 400 students in UG projects and 220 students in PG projects. He is a reviewer for number of International Journals and published 136 International Journal Publications and presented more than 30 papers in International Conferences

S.Sounder, completed his BE, Degree in the branch of Civil Engineering in Mailam Engineering College, Tindivanam, Villupuram Dt.. Now he is working as a Assistant Engineer,in Tamilnadu Fisheries University in

Nagapattinam .Now he is doing ME Degree in the branch of Environmental Engineering in VMKV Engineering College, Salem.

Documents

A Case Study And Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using … · 2016-06-13 · Web Site: Email: [email protected] Volume 5, Issue 3, ... noise calculation models with spatial