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A Brief History of the World
10,000 years in 4 days!
The World in 2010The World in 2010 Spaceship Earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmMUuR--Qvo
How unique is America? How “lucky” are we? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou
mVHSj6AE8
How did we arrive here?
3 Factors1.Subsistence practices2.Exchange systems3.Material equipment used to make a living (technology)
SurvivalSurvival
5 Main Subsistence Patterns1. Foraging (Hunter-gathers)2. Pastoralism (raising domesticated animals)3. Horticulture4. Agriculture (more intensive than horticulture)5. Industrialism
SurvivalSurvival
The First 6 Million The First 6 Million Years…Years…
All humans were foragers until 10,000 years ago 90% of all people who ever lived 99% of human history
Small groups (<100 people) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P
ro6X_Kc5wA&feature=fvw
Egalitarian
“The Original Affluent Society” – Marshall Sahlins What is affluence?
The Origins of The Origins of InequalityInequality
Jared Diamond Thesis (NOT fact): The roots of
inequality in today’s world boil down to geographic luck.
8,000 years ago – Agriculture emerges almost simultaneously in 5 places
Key to Diamond’s Thesis: Spread easily east to west, not north to south b/c of different
climates
Profound cultural changes came with the domestication of plants and animals 10,000 years ago
More permanent and larger settlements (close to water)
Increased Population
Division of Labor
More elaborate governments (chiefdoms, states)
By 1450, patterns of subsistence were distributed like this…
Most agriculture develops along the Tropic of Cancer (yellow)
By 1450, patterns of subsistence were distributed like this…
Draft animals and other technologies spread east-west through the wide continent (yellow box)
By 1450, patterns of subsistence were distributed like this…
Horticulture thrives in fertile tropical areas (green)
By 1450, patterns of subsistence were distributed like this…
Pastoralism develops on the edge of food cultivation areas…or where food cultivation thrived but now fails
(orange)
By 1450, patterns of subsistence were distributed like this…
Foraging has been pushed into sparse environments (red)
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution About 240 years ago
“Picks up steam” (pun intended) about 150 years ago
Trends from Foraging to Trends from Foraging to
IndustrialismIndustrialism
Increasing population
Greater production, surplus, and wealth
Greater diversity of products
Greater diversity of jobs
But…
Less efficiency
Increased social and economic inequality
Increased social conflict
Increased labor demand