A Brave New Era A Brave New Era of Electromagnetismof Electromagnetism

Theophanes E. RaptisTheophanes E. Raptisrtheo@dat.demokritos.grrtheo@dat.demokritos.gr

Division of Applied Technology Division of Applied Technology R&D UnitR&D Unit

NCSR DEMOKRITOSNCSR DEMOKRITOSSummer 2008Summer 2008

Research TopicsResearch TopicsA. ApplicationsA. Applications

MAGnetic booSTERS, Accelerating magnetic MAGnetic booSTERS, Accelerating magnetic launcherslaunchersE/M Supercavitation bubbles through E/M Supercavitation bubbles through atmospheric ionizationatmospheric ionization Beltrami Radiators, Beltrami Radiators,

Helicity Modulation, Helicity Modulation,

Field Topology Control.Field Topology Control. Vacuum Energy Excitation in nonlinear High Vacuum Energy Excitation in nonlinear High Energy Regime Energy Regime

Research TopicsResearch TopicsB. TheoryB. Theory

Origin of Maxwell equationsOrigin of Maxwell equations Rewrite Maxwell Postulates as projections Rewrite Maxwell Postulates as projections from higher dimensionsfrom higher dimensionsDyadic Trasnformations and Field Dyadic Trasnformations and Field SymmetrizationSymmetrizationGeometric Interpretation through Geometric Interpretation through ProjectivityProjectivity

Applications of Beltrami flowsApplications of Beltrami flows

Propulsion Systems (Mass Drivers)Propulsion Systems (Mass Drivers)

Linear Maglev easier! Linear Maglev easier! (our proposal)(our proposal)

- A ring of superconducting magnets fires a projectile off a ramp at 11 km/sec, fast enough to reach orbitProposal by James Fiske of LaunchPoint Technologies in Goleta, California, US Air Force. - “Potential use as weapon!”Aeronautics researcher Alan Epstein at MIT in Cambridge

E/M Guns, Launchers and Reaction E/M Guns, Launchers and Reaction Engines Engines

Research by Francis Bitter at National Research by Francis Bitter at National Magnet Laboratory, MIT.Magnet Laboratory, MIT.

Superconducting SlingshotsSuperconducting Slingshots(Small coil inside large coil -> max. acel/decel. Near centre (Small coil inside large coil -> max. acel/decel. Near centre of large coil)of large coil)

Superconducting Quench GunSuperconducting Quench Gun (travelling wave of H field gradient.)(travelling wave of H field gradient.) Impulse AcceleratorsImpulse Accelerators

(Linear Synchronous motor w. Eddy currents out of phase)(Linear Synchronous motor w. Eddy currents out of phase) Momentum TransformerMomentum Transformer

("flux concentrator", B. Howland at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, ("flux concentrator", B. Howland at MIT Lincoln Laboratory,

19601960 ))

Defense against air resistance Defense against air resistance at escape velocitiesat escape velocities

Answer: Supersonic torpedoes – Answer: Supersonic torpedoes – Super-Cavitation in ionized Super-Cavitation in ionized atmosphere using atmosphere using “Force-Free” field “Force-Free” field configurationsconfigurations

Research InstituteResearch Institute of Applied Hydromechanicsof Applied Hydromechanics Kiev, Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine (VA-111, Shkval, 3M-54 Klub, Diehl BGT Defense)(VA-111, Shkval, 3M-54 Klub, Diehl BGT Defense)

Flux Confinement SCRAM JetFlux Confinement SCRAM Jet

Side Wing Tracks Side Wing Tracks

Magnetic PotentialMagnetic Potential

Central Confinement Tubes Central Confinement Tubes (Main Body)(Main Body)

Force-Free Field “Bubbles”Force-Free Field “Bubbles”• Typical image of Beltrami flow

• Natural ion flow around bubble due to minimization of Lagrangian of magnetic forces.

Cavitation parameter :

• If near equilibrium FT theorem predicts

./ kinEp

)](Im[

2kTp

./ KinEp

A Supercavitating Magnetic A Supercavitating Magnetic Propeller?Propeller?

Inner confinement tubes complemented Inner confinement tubes complemented with an with an “Archimedean” Rotor setting up a “Archimedean” Rotor setting up a “twisted rotating dipole” configuration “twisted rotating dipole” configuration around the vehiclearound the vehicle

Beltrami Field Helicity ModulatorsBeltrami Field Helicity Modulators

Problem: Find Boundary Conditions Problem: Find Boundary Conditions for setting up a local Beltrami flowfor setting up a local Beltrami flow

Try appropriate surface Try appropriate surface magnetizations magnetizations (Modified (Modified Halbach Halbach Cylinders/Spheres – Cylinders/Spheres – Inverse problem)Inverse problem)

Magnetic Tube ExcitationsMagnetic Tube Excitations

““E/M ShutterE/M Shutter””(Relative Translation, (Relative Translation,

rotation, current rotation, current

Inversion, etc.)Inversion, etc.)

Eigen-vorticity Modulation Eigen-vorticity Modulation (Travelling current pulses,(Travelling current pulses,

Transmission line solitons,Transmission line solitons,

etc. on tubes surface –etc. on tubes surface –

Static configuration)Static configuration)

Spatial ModulationSpatial Modulation

Real-time Holography w. Beltrami Real-time Holography w. Beltrami flows – record information in flows – record information in helicity/polarization – global encoding helicity/polarization – global encoding system – turn mobiles useless!system – turn mobiles useless!

John Middleditch, Los Alamos ReportJohn Middleditch, Los Alamos Report Superluminal Polarization currents scramble Superluminal Polarization currents scramble

detection-transmission times – Cerenkov radiation detection-transmission times – Cerenkov radiation in vacuum - relation with quantum mechanics? in vacuum - relation with quantum mechanics? (document claims competitors in Russia!)(document claims competitors in Russia!)

Original LANL TeamOriginal LANL Team John Singleton (MPA-NHMFL)John Singleton (MPA-NHMFL) Bruce Carlsten, Larry Earley, (ISR-6)Bruce Carlsten, Larry Earley, (ISR-6) Joseph Fasel, Andrea Schmidt (AET-2)Joseph Fasel, Andrea Schmidt (AET-2) Mario Perez (ISR-1), Bill Junor (ISR-2)Mario Perez (ISR-1), Bill Junor (ISR-2) John Middleditch (CCS-3)John Middleditch (CCS-3) Petr Volegov (P21)Petr Volegov (P21)Pioneers of superluminal signalling(!!):Pioneers of superluminal signalling(!!):

A. Ardavan (Oxford), H. Ardavan A. Ardavan (Oxford), H. Ardavan (Cambridge) (Cambridge)

Inventors ofInventors of Polarization Synchrotron Polarization Synchrotron Subcontractor: JP Accelerators Subcontractor: JP Accelerators

VACUUM PHYSICSVACUUM PHYSICS An E/M Maelstrom :An E/M Maelstrom : Possibility of non-linear vacuum electrodynamics Possibility of non-linear vacuum electrodynamics

in very high energy regimes (predicted by QED) in very high energy regimes (predicted by QED) paves the way for exciting zero point energy paves the way for exciting zero point energy modes. modes.

Vacuum non-linearities may give rise to Vacuum non-linearities may give rise to ““Rogue Waves” Rogue Waves” of the vacuum EM field.of the vacuum EM field.((extremely dangerous EMP source if possibleextremely dangerous EMP source if possible!)!)

Recent research in oceanography verified Recent research in oceanography verified an old sailors myth. Sudden formation of an old sailors myth. Sudden formation of very high amplitude traveling waves in very high amplitude traveling waves in calm open sea!calm open sea!

Could be used for fusion under phase Could be used for fusion under phase conjugation conditions! (Modulation of conjugation conditions! (Modulation of Polarization tensor)Polarization tensor)

VACUUM PHYSICSVACUUM PHYSICS Anecdotal evidence from mariners' Anecdotal evidence from mariners'

testimonies and damages inflicted on ships testimonies and damages inflicted on ships suggested they occurred; however, their suggested they occurred; however, their scientific measurement was only positively scientific measurement was only positively confirmed following measurements of the confirmed following measurements of the "Draupner wave", a rogue wave at the "Draupner wave", a rogue wave at the Draupner oil platform, in the North Sea on Draupner oil platform, in the North Sea on January 1, 1995.January 1, 1995.

Possible explanations :Possible explanations :

Diffractive focusing (caustics)Diffractive focusing (caustics)

Nonlinear Schroedinger dynamicsNonlinear Schroedinger dynamics

VACUUM PHYSICSVACUUM PHYSICS

Simple explanation: Simple explanation: anomalous anomalous dispersion leads to a velocity profile that dispersion leads to a velocity profile that makes concentration of wave fronts makes concentration of wave fronts possible even in an environment with possible even in an environment with random fluctuationsrandom fluctuations

Example from “Example from “Saint-Venant Freak Waves” Saint-Venant Freak Waves”

kg~ 2/32/11 HgNc G is for gravity, H for depth of the “ocean”, c for sound velocity, N for degrees of freedom (eg normal modes).

VACUUM PHYSICSVACUUM PHYSICS

[“[“Nonlinear resonant wave interaction in Nonlinear resonant wave interaction in vacuum”, Gert Brodin, Daniel Eriksson, vacuum”, Gert Brodin, Daniel Eriksson, arXiv:physics/0310095v1 physics.ins-det 20 arXiv:physics/0310095v1 physics.ins-det 20 Oct 2003Oct 2003]]

Even stranger was the interest of some Even stranger was the interest of some of them on photon acceleration of them on photon acceleration in in vacuovacuo!!

[[“Photon acceleration in vacuum”, J.T. “Photon acceleration in vacuum”, J.T. Mendonca a,b,1 M. Marklund b,c,2 P.K. Shukla Mendonca a,b,1 M. Marklund b,c,2 P.K. Shukla a,b,c,d,e,3 and G. Brodin b,c,4, arXiv:hep-a,b,c,d,e,3 and G. Brodin b,c,4, arXiv:hep-ph/0607195v2 16 Aug 2006ph/0607195v2 16 Aug 2006]]

VACUUM PHYSICSVACUUM PHYSICS

Natural Casimir EnginesNatural Casimir EnginesC. E. Carlson, T. Goldman, C. E. Carlson, T. Goldman, “Gamma Ray-“Gamma Ray-

Bursts, Neutron Star Quakes and the Bursts, Neutron Star Quakes and the Casimir Effect”, arXiv:astro-ph/9411102Casimir Effect”, arXiv:astro-ph/9411102

““Thin Shell” energy release ~ d Thin Shell” energy release ~ d - 4- 4

Mendonca Mendonca et alet al: :

ω ~ ω ~ kckc[1 – 1/2∫|Ψ|[1 – 1/2∫|Ψ|22] ]

(from QED nonlinearities)(from QED nonlinearities)

Hydrodynamics and Geometry- Hydrodynamics and Geometry- Origin of Maxwell equations Origin of Maxwell equations

- - The missing link of Gauss-Riemann The missing link of Gauss-Riemann

- Connections with hydrodynamics and the notion of - Connections with hydrodynamics and the notion of Beltrami flows Beltrami flows

- Moebius geometries and projectivity as a - Moebius geometries and projectivity as a complementary axiom to relativitycomplementary axiom to relativity

- Towards a Wheeler-like “charge w/out charge” and - Towards a Wheeler-like “charge w/out charge” and “mass w/out mass” non-linear field theory.“mass w/out mass” non-linear field theory.

- Evidence of a 9-dimensional theory (“strings w/out - Evidence of a 9-dimensional theory (“strings w/out strings!”)strings!”)

Haralambos MarmanisHaralambos Marmanis• ” ”Analogy between the Navier-Stokes Analogy between the Navier-Stokes

and Maxwell's equations: Application to and Maxwell's equations: Application to TurbulenceTurbulence”, Phys. Fluids 10 (6), ”, Phys. Fluids 10 (6), 1998,1428-14371998,1428-1437

• Ph. D. Τhesis :``Ph. D. Τhesis :``Analogy between the Analogy between the Electromagnetic and Hydrodynamic Electromagnetic and Hydrodynamic Equations: Application to Equations: Application to TurbulenceTurbulence'',Brown University, July 1999'',Brown University, July 1999

Other Morphisms more probableOther Morphisms more probable

Use generalized Euler-Clebsch Vector Potential Use generalized Euler-Clebsch Vector Potential

• Introduce Spinorial Complex Fields (Lakhtakia)

• Write generalized derivatives

• From tensorial representation of exterior product

To get a set of generalized Navier-Stokes equations

WWBiE ZQ

...)()()( WWWWWW

WWWWWW ttt MM )()()(

...)()( WWWW tM

Example: Phenomenological Model Example: Phenomenological Model of stable semi-classical electronof stable semi-classical electron

• Assume a pair of cyclonic – anticyclonic vector fields {w+,w-} on consecutive spherical shells

• Get a charge-like field out of their cross product assuming also negative electric constant in small scales (non-locality!)

(Light-like case!)

mc

httf ji

2

),)()(

(

xx

• More general space-like / time-like definitions would require the scale variable to be

• This may lead to recursive (fractal) electrodynamics. [potentially the above could contain the whole history of the electron!]

• Non-linear field theories with

• Set the transformation matrix G :

)(?)

( 01 tc

ji

xx

2|| FF

WW

B

EGGBE

B

EGF T,,

• Beltrami problem equivalent to wave/Helmholtz equations [Pantillie, Wood 2002], equivalent to a set of solutions of Maxwell equations.

• There exist a class of homotopic dyadic transformations between arbitrary vector fields

such that

0,),( BBBrB t

i j

i

BE

x

x},{)(,

],,}[,{},{:)(},{

1

321

BEFrkr

eeeBEFkrBE

''3

'2

'1 ],,[},{},{ kjijkBE eeeeBE

A hidden projective spaceA hidden projective space

• In the new frame (vielbein) Max. eq. become

• Significance of exterior product Null Space. Isomorphic w. Projective Point : [x:y:z:0]

},{},{

)(

0

BE

EB

EE

g

g

be

fddb

fdde

dbde

Absence of Radiation ~ Restoration of Absence of Radiation ~ Restoration of Projectivity (ExB=0)!Projectivity (ExB=0)!

Vacuum structure more complicated than Vacuum structure more complicated than the one presented by the one presented by Lorentzian Lorentzian ManifoldsManifolds!!

Additional dimension may be necessary Additional dimension may be necessary (equivalence to Riemann projection, (equivalence to Riemann projection, compactification, )compactification, )

Gen. Relativity Axiom. Every point {x,y,z} Gen. Relativity Axiom. Every point {x,y,z} equivalent for a frame baseequivalent for a frame base

Additional Axiom: Every point of free Additional Axiom: Every point of free space appears to be a space appears to be a Point Ad InfinitumPoint Ad Infinitum!!

9-Dimensional equivalence9-Dimensional equivalence

• Let

• Let the fundamental scalar be

• P(n) denotes a cyclic permutation algebra over vector fields

Cxxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

C jjjj

e],,[, 321

987

654

321

)())()(( 321 CCC T eeeF

D

nXXn

nrl

XX

D

nXX

n

nnrl

n

nnnn

nnPLim

XP

1

)(,

1,1)1(

)(,

)()3()2(

)3()2()3()2( e

e

)()()()( )()( nnr

nl

n PP FFFF

9-Dimensional Maxwell equations!9-Dimensional Maxwell equations!

}0,4{)(,

)(E

nME

n

},0{)(,

)(,

3mod)1(3mod)1(,

)( J nMEt

nME

nnME

n

3

1

''

1

iXTt

iT

Same information as in 3 dimensions Open question: is there any relation with

the 6-dimensional compactification problem of string theories?