Upload
oxfam-in-bangladesh
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
1/18
BDivcxq BDwbqb evsjv`k RjevqycwieZb mnhvwMZv
mvgwMK Dk`wY Gwkqvq `wi eve RjevqyAwfhvRb I ckgb fwgKv cvjb Kiv|
mywbw` Dkevsjv`k, bcvj I mvKf Abvb `ki emiKvwi fwgKv cvjbKvix`i mgZv ew Kiv hvZ Zuviv RvZxq,
AvwjK I ewkK RjevqycwieZb mswk wmvMnY cwqvq Ask wbZ cvib Ges bxwZ wbaviY cwqvKcfvweZ KiZ cvib|
PovAskMnYKvixbcvj I evsjv`k Ges evcKv_ wY Gwkqvi Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY wZM`wi I wec`vcbRbMvx|
KvwZ djvdj(K) UKmB Dbqbi Dci RjevqycwieZbi bwZevPK cfve Ges G msvRvZxq, AvwjK I AvRvwZKKkj I bxwZgvjv mKemiKvwi fwgKv cvjbKvix I mvgvwRK chvq aviYv I mPZbZv mw ne; (L)
RjevqycwieZb welqK AwacivgkI cPvivwfhvb Pvjvbv mKemiKvwi fwgKv cvjbKvix`i `Zv ewcve; (M) wY Gwkqvi Afi Ges `wY Gkxq I BDivcxq RjevqycwieZb welqK bUIqvK jvi gamKew cve; Ges (N) bvMwiK mgvRi bUIqvK jvi m RjevqycwieZb welq g~j bxwZ wbaviK I
Abvb AswkfvMx`i wbweo mKI AvbyvwbK hvMvhvM vwcZ ne|
wmGmAviGj mwPevjq: Advg, evwo 4, ivW 3, eK AvB, ebvbx, XvKv 1213, evsjv kdvb: +880 2 8813607-9, 8824440, dv: +880 2 8817402, web: www.csrlbd.org
dUv: Advg cKvkKvj: gvP2014 AvwK I cQ`: iWjvBb
vZv_: GB cKvkbvwU BDivcxq BDwbqb I Advgi Avw_K mnhvwMZv w q Zwi nqQ| GLvb cKvwkZ gZvgZ KvbvfveB BDivcxq BDwbqb I AdvgigZvgZi cwZdjb wnme MnY Kiv DwPZ ne bv|
Advg I Advg bZZvaxb RvU wmGmAviGj Kgm~wPwU evevqb KiQBDivcxq BDwbqbi Avw_KmnhvwMZvq Kgm~wPwU ev evwqZ
wkv_x mnvwqKv
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
2/18
wkv_x mnvwqKv
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
3/18
02 0
msKjbZvcm ib PeZxAvwZKzi ingvb wngy
cKvkKvjgvP2014
AvwK, cQ` I gy`YiWjvBb
dUv: Advg
mwPevjqAdvg, evwo 4, ivW 3, eK AvB, ebvbx, XvKv 1213, evsjv kdvb: +880 2 8813607-9, 8824440, dv: +880 2 8817402web: www.csrlbd.org
fQv eeRjevqycwieZb eZgvb mgqi mePq eo gwK| RjevqycwieZbi djwekevcx GK gvivZK wechq mw nqQ| evqygji Mo Zvcgvv gkeo PjQ Avi Zvi dj Rjevqyi cwieZb nQ| hw`I mgM wekGicfve coQ, ZeyRjevqycwieZbi KviY wKQz`k ewk wZM nQ Ges
SzuwKi ga iqQ|
Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve SzuwKc~Y `kjvi ga evsjv`k AbZg|evsjv`ki fMvwjK Ae vb, Av_mvgvwRK AeKvVvgv, wekvj RbMvx,RbmsLv NbZGes ewki fvM gvbyli Kwl I cvKwZK m`wbfi RxweKvGi g~j KviY| Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve RjvQvm, ebv, Liv, N~wYSo,b`xfvOb, f~wgam BZvw` cvKwZK `yhvMi cwigvY I wZi gvv eoQ|RjevqycwieZbi cfve dmji Drcv`b wewNZ nQ, evoQ ivMevwa IAbvb wechq| weklZ evsjv`ki `wY DcK~jxq Awaevmxiv BwZgaBRjevqycwieZbmsv KviY Rxeb-RxweKv nvwiqQ| Zv i AbKB evanq ckv cwieZb KiQ Ges `ki Abvb Aj vbvwiZ nqQ|
Avgiv gb Kwi, Rjevqy cwieZbmsv SuywK gvKvwejvq miKvwi IemiKvwi D`vM ckgb I AwfhvRb ZiYiv iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjbKiZ cvi| GgbwK ewMZfveI ZiYiv Zv`i `bw`b Rxebi bvbvAvPvi-AvPiY cwieZbi gvag RxebhvvK AviI Kveb-mvkqx KiZzjZ cvi| Avgiv wekvm Kwi, ZiY bZZ Rjevqy-mnbxq evsjv`kMoZ `p c`c be| GRb c_gB ZiY`i RjevqycwieZb welqRvbvbvi D`vM bqv cqvRb| ZeB Zviv vbxq, RvZxq Ges AvRvwZKchvq wewfbD`vMi mv_ mc nZ cvie| Avgiv Avkvev`x, G eBwURjevqycwieZb mK RvbZ ZiY`i mnvqZv Kie Ges mevBK Avivewk RvbZ AvMnx Ki Zzje|
cKvkbvq Avw_K mnvqZv Kivi Rb Avwg BDivcxq BDwbqbK AvwiKabev` RvbvB| eBwU ZiY`i KvR GjB Avgv`i cqvm mv_K ne|
gbxlv wekvmgvbRvi, cwjwm GvWfvKwm wefvM, Advg
wkv_x mnvwqKv
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
4/18
04 0
m~wP
1.1 Rjevqy Kx?RjevqyejZ wbw` vbi `xNmgqi, mvaviYZ 30eQii AvenvIqvi wewfbAe vi MocoZv wnmveKevSvbv nq| Rjevqy mvaviYZ eo GjvKvi RbwbYxZ nq _vK| GKwU GjvKvi Zvcgvv, ewcvZ,evZvmi Av`Zv, evqyPvc, evqycevn Ges evqygjxq
KYvi `wbK mvgwMK cwimsLvbK m GjvKviAvenvIqv ej| AvenvIqv mvaviYZ Dcv`vbjvi ^ mgqi gvS ZviZg wb`k Ki| Avi RjevqynQ b~bZg 30 eQii AvenvIqvi Mo|
Rjevqy cwieZb AvenvIqvi GBme g~j Dcv`vbicwieZbi mv_ Avwfve RwoZ| GQvov GKwUwbw` GjvKvi AvenvIqv I Rjevqy Kgb ne ZvAviv wKQz fZ I Ae vbMZ c ~ekZi Ici wbfiKi| mjv nQ: Avsk, DPZv, mgy` _K`~iZ, evqycevni w`K, mgy`mvZ, ceZi Ae vb,ebfwg, fwgi Xvj, gvwUi weklZBZvw`| hgb Avsk Abyhvqx m~hwKiY cZbi ZviZg NU; hv
Kv_vI j^fve, Kv_vI wZhKfve c o| ZvB vbf` DZv I Av`Zvi ZviZg NU|wbiiLv eivei vbmg~n m~hiwk Lvovfve coej IB me Aj DZv ewk| wbiiLv _KDi I `wY Avsk Zvcgvv gB KgZ_vK| mvaviY wnmve cwZ 10 AvskAvenvIqvi DZv 10nvm cvq ejB wbiiLv_K mePq `~ieZx Di I `wY gi Aj
eid iqQ|
DPZvi ewZ Zvcgvv nvm cvq| cwZ 1000wgUvi DPZvq AvenvIqvi Zvcgvv 60nvm cvq|GgbwK DPZvi ZviZg GKB Avsk Aew Z`yB Aji Zvcgvv `yiKg nq|
Kvbv vb mgy` _K KZUv `~i Zvi Ici
evZvmi Av`Zvi gvv wbfi Ki Avi Av`ZviIci Rjevqyi DZv AbKvsk wbfikxj|mgy`-wbKUeZx GjvKvi evqyZ MigKvj Av`ZvI kxZKvj g`y DZv weivR Ki| G aibiRjevqyK mgfvevcbRjevqyej|
mgy` _K cevwnZ Rjx q evc~Y evqy h Aj
w`q eq hvq, m Aj ewcvZ ewk nq|wK jfvM _K cevwnZ evqy AveviDZv evov q|
kxZj ev D mgy`mvZi KviY DcKjeZxGjvKvi AvenvIqvqI cwieZb c wijwZ nq|Gi D`vniY wnme ckv gnvmvMii Dcvwbi cevn Gj wbbvi K_v DjL Kiv hvq,hvi cfve DcKjeZx `kjvZ `xN Livch `Lv w`qQ|
DuPz ceZ evqycevn evavcv nj AvenvIqv IRjevqyMZ cv_K c wijwZ nq| D`vniY ^ic,wngvjq evavcv nq gmywg Rjevqyevsjv`k,fviZ I bcvj cPzi ewcvZ NUvq|
MvQi c ^`b I evxfebi gvag Rjxq evNbxfZ nq ewcvZ NUvq| ebfwgi cMvpZviKviY Kvbv Kvbv vb m~hvjvK gvwUZ cobv, dj IB me GjvKv Vvv _vK| ZvQvovebfwg So, mvBKvb, UbWv BZvw`i MwZc_
evav mw Ki evqygjxq Ae vi ic e`j `q|
m~hwKiY DuPz vbi Xvj eivei coj fwg Dnq Z vcgvv evo, Avevi Xvji wecixZ w`Kcoj Zvcgvv AZUv evo bv| ZvQvov Xvjeivei j^fve myhvjvKi cZb, wZhKfvem~hvjvK cZbi Zzjbvq Zzjbvg~jK DAvenvIqvi mw Ki|
c_g AavqRjevqycwieZb
c_g AavqRjevqycwieZb
wZxq AavqRjevqycwieZb ckgb
ZZxq AavqKveb-mvkqx Dbqb
PZz_AavqRjevqycwieZb gvKvwejvq evsjv`ki Ae vb I ZiY`i KiYxq
05
12
17
30
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
5/18
06 0
ejgvwUi weklZnjv Zv hZ Z Mig nq, ZZ`Z VvvI nq| mB Zzjbvq K`ghy cwjgvwU`Z MigI nq bv, Mig nj Vvv nZI `wi nq|ZvB Kvbv vbi gvwUi weklZi IciAvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cv_K `Lv w`Z cvi|
1.1.1 Rjevqyi iZRjevqyKvbv Aji RxeewP I cwZek wbaviYKi| mgvRi RxweKvi wfZ Mo IV RxeewP IcwZeki Ici wbfi Ki| AvenvIqv I RjevqyicwZwU Dcv`vb Avgv`i RxebaviY GKwU AZxeiZc~YwbqvgK|
gv 1-3 wWwM mjwmqvm Zvcgvv ewi Rb cvq20-30 fvM Dw` I cvYxi cRvwZ wejywi gwKi
myLxb ne| GKBfve 3-6 wWwM mjwmqvmZvcgvv ewi Rb mgy`ci DPZv 2-5 wgUview cve|
1.2 RjevqycwieZb Kx?Kvbv RvqMvi Mo Rjevqyi `xNgqvw` I A_c~YcwieZbK RjevqycwieZb ejv nq| eZgvb mvgvwRKI ivRbwZK wKvY _K RjevqycwieZb ejj mvivcw_exi mvwZK mgqi gvbweK Kvhgi KviY mRjevqy cwieZb evSvq| Rjevqy cwieZbi djcw_exi evqygji Zvcgvv, evqyPvc, evZvm BZvw`m~PKi cwieZb nq I cieZxKvj cw_exc Zvi cfveco| Gi AbZg D`vniY nQ wekevcx Zvcgvvnvm-ewi mv_ mv_ cw_exc wngevni AvqZbinvm-ew| GB cwieZbi mgqKvj KqK `kK eQi_K KqK wgwjqb eQi nZ cvi|
gbylm wewfb KviY Rjevqyi wewfb Dcv`vbcfvweZ nq Ges m cfve Dcv`vbi ^vfvweK gvv
evnZ nIqvi dj RjevqycwiewZZ nQ| RjevqycwieZb GKwU cvKwZK cwqv njI gbylm GmeKviY Zv eY Zivw^Z nQ|
1.2.1 Kxfve RjevqycwiewZZ nQ?cvKwZKfve cw_exi Rjevqy cwiewZZ nq AvmQcw_exi i _KB, ZvB GwUK cvKwZK cwqv ejvhvq| wKeZgvb gbylm KviY G cwieZbi nvieY ew cqQ| gbylm KviYB eZgvb RjevqycwieZbi cavb KviY| gvbyl Zv`i bw`b Rxebigvb Dbqbi Rb wewfbiKg KvR Ki hv wewfbiKgwMbnvDm Mvmi wbMgb NUvq Ges cwieki wewfbDcKvix Dcv`vbi wZ mvab Ki|
eZgvb mgq gbylRwbZ wMbnvDm Mvmi djcw_exi DvqbK RjevqycwieZbi GKwU AbZgKviY aiv nq| Rjevqyi evwbK gWj GB mg m~PKK BsiwRZ AbK mgq Climate Forcingejm^vab Kiv nq| Ze, gvbeKgKvi dj AwZwiwMbnvDm cfve m ewkK DZvB eZgvb RjevqycwieZbi cavb KviY, G evcvi ewki fvMRjevqy-wevbxB GKgZ|
wMbnvDm Mvmi GKwU AbZg cavb ewk njvGjv m~hiwk _K Avmv Zvc ai ivLZ cvi|wMbnvDm Mvmi gvv evqygj hZ ewk ne,evqygj ZZ ewk Zvc ai ivLZ cvie|gbylwbtmZ GB wMbnvDm Mvm ewk Zvc aievqygji Zvcgvv Z_v cw_exi Zvcgvv evwoqw`Q| dj Rjevqyi AbZg cavb Dcv`vb ZvcgvvcwiewZZ nq hvQ; dj RjevqyI cwiewZZ nQ|
AvgwiKv (5,762,050 gwUK Ub Kveb cwZeQi),ivwkqv (1,540,360), KvbvWv (521,404), myBWb(48,760.9), myBRvijv (41,789.4), Awjqv(332,377) I Rvcvbi (1,224,740) gZv abx`kjv cPzi cwigvY wMbnvDm Mvm evZvmQovQ| abx `kjvi cPyi cwigvY KviLvbv, Mvwo,
GqviKwkb, wegvb Pvjvbv Ges wejvmejRxebhvcbi Rb evZvm GB wMbnvDm MvmicwigvY eo hvQ|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
6/18
08 0
Avgv`i `ki GKRb gvbyli Zzjbvq AvgwiKviGKRb gvbyl 65 Y ewk wMbnvDm Mvm evZvmQvo| RjevqycwieZbi Rb DbZ, abx ev wkvbZ`kjvB mePq ewk `vqx| m Zzjbvq Avgv`i`ki mvaviY gvbyli `vq LyeB Kg|
1.2.2 RjevqycwieZbi cfve I Avgv`i SzuwKwekevcx RjevqycwieZbi dj A vqx wKsev vqxbwZevPK Ges BwZevPK cfve coQ| UNFCCCewkK DvqbK g vbyli KviY m, Avi RjevqyiwewfbZvK Ab KviY m Rjevqyi cwieZbevSvZ eenvi Ki| gvbyli KviY mcwieZbmg~nK gbylm (anthropogenic) RjevqyicwieZb ej| Ze G K_v Ab ^xKvhh, wekevcxRjevqyi cwieZb ay cvKwZK KviYB bq, Gi ga
gvbem KviYI kvwgj|
Kvbv `k RjevqycwieZbi cfve mwZB coQwK bv, Zv PviwU gvb` weePbv Kiv nq:1. Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY Kviv mePq ewk
wZM ;2. Kv_vq cvKwZK `yhvM ewk nQ;3. mePq ewk RbmsLv Kv_vq wZM nQ;4. wZM `kwU wZ gvKvwejvq ev AwfhvRbi
Rb GiBga Kx Kx c`c wbqQ|
evsjv`k GKvavi mgy`ci DPZv ew, jeYvZvmgmv, wngvjqi eid Mjvi KviY b`xi w`KcwieZb, ebv BZvw` me w`K w`qB wZM nQ Ine| GQvov cvKwZK `yhvMi gvvI evoe AbKAbK ewk| GB PviwU gvb`B Rjevqy cwieZbwZM `i ZvwjKvq evsjv`k kxl|
wekevcx Rjevqy cwieZb evsjv`k h weweabwZevPK cfve coQ Ges BwZga coQ, Zv wbP
DjL Kiv njv: ewcvZ nvm jeYvZv ew A ^vfvweK Zvcgvv giKiY fMf cvwbi i nvm mycq cvwbi Afve cvKwZK `yhvM ew
mgy`ci DPZv ew RxeRi Aejyw ev msLvMZ wecyj ZviZg KwlwfwK Drcv`b nvm ev asm Lv`msKU RxebvcKiY nvm RxweKvi Drm asm ^v SzuwK Rjevqy-Dv ew I gvbevwaKvi jNb mvgvwRK AeqRjevqy cwieZbi AvMi kZwU njv cw_exiZvcgvv eo hvIqv| cw_exi Zvc eo Mj 5wUNUbv NUeB: (1) `wY gi, ceZi Pov I wngevnh eid AvQ Zv Mj hve, (2) mgy`i DcwifvMMig nq wbPvc I N~wYSo ne, (3) wKQzwKQzAj
mgy`i cvwb ev nq AwZwi gN I ew ne, (4)wewfb Aj elvKvj Zzgyj ewZ ebv Ges kxZgmyg Liv ne Ges (5) mgy`i cvwb eo MjRvqvii cvwbi DPZv evoe Ges RjvQvmicwigvY eo hve|
5wU NUbvi mv_ mcKhy AbK cfve ZLb SzuwKnq `Lv `e| (1) eid Mj Mj DRvb _KAvmv cvwbi cwigvY evoe| dj wewfbAj Nb Nbebv ne| 2007 mvj GK eQiB Avgv`i `k 2evi ebv nqwQj| GB ebvi fqvenZvI evoe|Avevi ceZ I wngevni eid kl nq Mj b xjvwKq hve| dj Kvbv cvwb c vIqv hve bv| (2)elvKvj DRvbi cvwb dzwiq hvevi ci kxZKvjcvwbi NvUwZ `Lv `e, dj Liv-Avv GjvKvicwigvY evoe (3) mgy`i cvwb Mig nq MjwbPvc evoe| Kvbv Kvbv wbPvc N~wYSocwiYZ nq| ZvB N~wYSoi msLvI eo hve| AveviN~wYSo mgy`_K Avm ej m RjvQvmI eohve| (4) mgy`i cvwbi DPZv evoj Rvqviicvwbi DPZvI evoe Ges DcKjxq ewoeuvajvfO DcKjxq Aj cvweZ nq hve; (5) mgy`icvwbi DPZv evoj Rvqvii cvwb DcKji AbKfZi Pj Avme, dj `ki fZi AbK `~ichjeYv nq hve (6) mgy`i cvwbi DPZv ewGes Aw i evZvm `yUv wgj DcKjxq b`xfvObeo hve| hgb: BwZga KzqvKvUv, gnkLvjx,gwibWvBf, KevRvi mgy`mKZmn DcKj evcK
RjevqycwieZbi AvMi kZwU njv cw_exi Zvcgvv eo hvIqv| cw_exi Zvceo Mj 5wU NUbv NUeB: (1) `wY gi, ceZi Pov I wngevn h eid AvQZv Mj hve, (2) mgy`i DcwifvM Mig nq wbPvc I N~wYSo ne, (3) wKQzwKQzAj mgy`i cvwb ev nq AwZwi gN I ew ne, (4) wewfbAj elvKvj
Zzgyj ewZ ebv Ges kxZ gmyg Liv ne Ges (5) mgy`i cvwb eo MjRvqvii cvwbi DPZv evoe Ges RjvQvmi cwigvY eo hve|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
7/18
10 1
fvOb `Lv w`qQ; (7) nvIi ebvi ZxeZv eohvevi KviY evwoNi I emZwfUvi qwZ evoeGes (8) Livi KviY Qovjv wKq Mj cvnvwoAj cvwbmsU `Lv `e|
evsjv k GKvavi mgy`ci DPZv ew, jeYvZvmgmv, wngvjqi eid Mjvi KviY b xi w K cwieZb,ebv BZ vw` me w`K w`qB wZM ne|
wekevcx Rjevqy cwieZb evsjv`k h weweabwZevPK cfve coQ Ges BwZga coQ, ZviwKQzwbP AvjvPbv Kiv njv:`Lv MQ, Pvi w`bi ewk mgq ai Kgc 2.5wgwjwgUvi ewcvZi NUbv Kg MQ| hw`I ^mgqi Rb ewcvZ eoQ| wK GZ gmywg
ewcvZi P `yej nq MQ| GB cwiw wZ GRbAvkvRbK h, GB Dcgnv`ki KwlKvR `xNgqvw`ewi DchvMx| BwZgaB evsjv`ki Di-c~eAj avbi dzj Avmvi mgq _K exR ei nIqvigvSLvbi mgqUzKzZ cqvRbi Zzjbvq ewcvZ KgnIqvq wU-Avgb RvZi avbi Drcv`b Kg AvmQ|GgbwK fiv elvq 2010 mvj RqcyinvUi KvjvBDcRjvq AbvewZ Avgb avbi wekvj LZ iv`cyoQ| hLvb Avgb avb ivcYi AZ 3 mvnchcvwb ai ivLv wbwZ KiZ nq, bv nj Kzwkevo bv; mLvb cvwbi Afve RwgZ dvUj `Lvw`qQ| ewcvZ Kg hvIqvq b`-b`xi cvwbcevnKbv gmyg ^vfvweK gvvq _vK bv| dj b`xicvwbi wecyj Pvci KviY mgy`i jvbvcvwb hZUzKzGjvKvRyo AvUK _vKvi K_v ZZUzKz_vK bv, cvwbicevn Kg _vKvi KviY mgy`i jvbvcvwb jfvMiKvQvKvwQ Pj Avm| dj jeYvZv eo hvq `kiDcKjxq Aji wecyj GjvKvq| `wY-cwghkvi GgbUv LZ cvIqv hvq, mLvb gmygMvi cvwbi cevn Kg hvIqvq jeYvZv ew cvq|
myc cgvYi wfwZ ejv hvq h, ki `vKvcmn`wYvj mgy`ffvMi AbK fZi chjvbvcvwbBwZgaB XzK coQ| GB mgmv DcKjxq Aj_K hkvi, Kzwqv, dwi`cyi Ges Puv`cyi chDiw`K we Z nqQ Ges Aviv Di we Z nZ cviej wekl`i AwfgZ| 1990 wLv `kjeYv fwgi cwigvY wQj 8,30,000 ni, Avi2001 wLv bvMv` Zv nqQ 30,50,000 ni|
Kg ewcvZi KviY DcKjxq GjvKvq jeYvZvimgmv w`b w`b Aviv cKU nq DVe ejwekl`i AwfgZ|
evsjv`k bvwZkxZv Zvcgvvi `k wnmecwiwPZ njI weMZ KqK eQi ZvcgvviA ^vfvweK AvPiY mB cwiwPwZ vb nq hvQ|1960 wLv exq GjvKvq mevP 42.30mjwmqvm Zvcgvv bw_fz Kiv nq| ^vaxbZvi c ievsjv`k 1972 wLvi 30 g Zvcgvv b w_fzKiv nq 45.10 mjwmqvm, ivRkvnxZ| 1995wLv Gm bw_fz Kiv nq 430 mjwmqvm|2009 wLvi 26 Gwcj bw_fz Kiv nq weMZ14 eQii ga mevP Zvcgvv 42.20mjwmqvm,hkvi| Zvcgvvi GB cwimsLvb AvcvZ`wZhw`I gb nQ Zvcgvv KgQ, wK AZxZimevP Mo Zvcgvv wQj Kg, A_P eZgvb mevPMo Zvcgvv AZwaK ewk| Zvcgvv evovi NUbvwUAbKUv mc~iK nvi NUe| Kbbv, evowZZvcgvvi KviY cvwbi evxfeb eo hve GesevZvm Rjxq ev i cwigvY evwoq `e| evZvmRjxq ev eo hvIqv gvb evZvm Av`ZvicwigvY evov| Av` evZvmi cfve c KZ Zvcgvvbv evovjI AbyfZ Zvcgvv eo hve| djZvcgvvi ZzjbvqI ewk Mig AbyfZ ne|BwZgaB GKwU Rwic `Lv MQ, evsjv`kiAv`Zvi gvv w`b w`b ew cvQ| ZvQvov 2030wLv b vMv` evwlK Mo ewcvZ 10-15 f vM Ges2075 wLv bvMv` Zv cvq 27 f vM eo h ve|dj evZvm Av`Zvi gvv eo hve Pig nvi|GB Av`Zv Mig e vwoq `e|
w`b w`b ewcvZi cwigvY I mgq cwieZb NUQ,mgqgZv ebv nQ bv| 2008 wLv evsjv`kiMo ewcvZ wQj 2300 wgwjwgUvi, ei`GjvKvq MoewcvZ nqwQj 1150 wgwjwgUvi| GiKg ^ ewcvZw`b w`b eoB PjQ| Gi dj fMf cvwbi ibg wMq Livq Avvne wecyjmsLK gvbyl, Giga evsjv`ki Divji jvKB ewk| GiKgLivq KZ gvbyl wZM ne, Zvi evcvi wewfbDrm_K Avjv`v Avjv`v Dcv cvIqv hvq| Kviv gZ,Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ KviY 2050 wLv bvMv`
Livq Dv ne cvq 80 j gvbyl| evsjv`kmnmgy`Zxii ek KwU `k AvMvgx w`bjvZ wgVvcvwbi ZxemsKU `Lv `e| 2020 wLv bvMv` Gmgmv fqven ic be| fMf cvwbi i nvmcvIqvq AbK GjvKvq `Lv w`Q mycq cvwbiAfve| wekl Ki `ki Divj GB Afve cKU|bIMuv Rjvi 11wU DcRjvi ga cvikv, mvcvnvi,wbqvgZcyi, avgBinvU, cZxZjv GB cuvPwU DcRjvwbq h ei`fwg, mLvbKvi miKvwi-emiKvwi540wU cv_wgK we`vjqi cvq me KwUZB fMf cvwbi i nvm cvIqvq ^vfvweK bjKcjv AKRvnq coQ, dj `Lv w`qQ mycq cvwbi msKU|GQvov gmyg GgwbZB hLvb cvwbi i nvmcvq, Zvi Ici IB mgq MvQcvjvi c ^`b eohvIqvq fMfi mycq cvwbi Afve `Lv w`Q|Abw`K jvbvcvwbi AvMvmb DcKjxq GjvKvq `Lvw`Q mycq cvwbi ZxemsKU|
Rjevqyi cwieZbi cfve evsjv`k ew cqQbvbv iKg cvKwZK `yhvM| Zba N~wYSo, RjvQvm,ebv, b`xfvOb Ges fwgami gvvew DjLhvM|AvM 15 wKsev 20 eQi cici eo aibi KvbvcvKwZK `yhvM njI eZgvb 2 _K 3 eQi ciciBeo aibi `yhvM nvbv w`Q| jfvM N~wYSo evUbWvi AvNvZ GLb cvq bwgwK nq `uvwoqQ|AKvr N~wYevqyAvNvZ nvb `ki wewfbRvqMvq|2012 mvj wekevsK cKvwkZ Soi Rb SzuwKc~Y12wU `ki ZvwjKvq evsjv`ki Ae vb wZxq|2010 wLvi 28 gvPKzwoMvgi igvwi DcRjvimvbvcyi Pi gv 1 wgwbU vqx GKwU kwkvjx UbWv40wU Ni Dwoq wbq ecy dj| GQvovmgy` ii DPZv ew Ges DcKj jeYvZv evovqm~hi Zvc Zzjbvg~jK Nb jvbvcvwb ewk Zvc kvlYKi Mig nq IV Ges AwZewb iwk wewKiY Ki
^vfvweK Zvcgvv evwoq `q| djjeYvZv-Avv DcKjvj Zzjbvg~jK Mig nqDVQ w`b w`b| MvQ Kg _vKvi KviY Ges cvwb`xNY Zvc ai ivLvq GB Mig vwqZcvq|Rjevqy cwieZb Avgv`i Rb Lye iZc~Y GesRjevqy cwieZb gvKvwejv KiZ nj mec_gcqvRb G m^ mwVK aviYv|
Rjevqyi c wieZ bi c fveevsjv`k ew cqQ bvb v
iKg cvKwZK ` yhvM| ZbaN~wYSo, RjvQvm, ebv,
b`xf vOb Ges f wgami gv vewDjLhvM | AvM 15 wKse v 20eQi cici eo aibi KvbvcvKwZK `yhvM njI eZgvb2 _K 3 eQi ciciB eoaibi `yhvM nvbv w`Q|
jfvM N ~wYSo ev UbWviAvNvZ GLb cvq bwgwK nq
uvwoqQ| AKvr N ~wYevqyAvNvZ n vb `ki wewfbRvqM vq| 2012 mvj weke vsK
cKvwkZ Soi Rb SzuwKc~Y12wU `ki ZvwjKvq
evsjv`ki Ae vb wZxq|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
8/18
12 1
2.1 RjevqycwieZb ckgb Kx?RjevqycwieZb ckgb ejZ mvaviYZ Ggb ee vev c`c evSvq, hv RjevqycwieZbi MwZ KgvZev iva KiZ mnvqZv Ki| wekevcx RjevqycwieZb ckgb-cwqv Ges KgKv Kveb wbtmiYKwgq wekevcx Dvqb-cwqvK k_ Ki|
Abfve, wMbnvDm Mvm cyxfZfve Rgv nevi nviKgvbvi hKvbv D`vMK RjevqycwieZb ckgbejv hvq| RjevqycwieZb ckgb cavbZ `ywU welq
cvavb cvq, c_gwU njv wMbnvDm Mvmi wbtmiYKgvbv Ges wZxq njv Rjevqy cwieZb g~j `vqxKveb WvB-AvBWK AveKiY, hv Kveb AvxKiYwnme cwiwPZ|
c_gwUi Rb cw_exevcx bvbv iKg chyw AvwevinqQ, nQ Ges AviI bZzb bZzb chyw Avwevii
Pv PjQ| G chywjvK cwiekeve ev KvebmsKzwPZ Dbqb chyw (Low Carbon DevelopmentTechnologies)| G chywi g~j j Ges Dk
wZxq AavqRjevqycwieZb ckgb
Kxfve Kg kw eenvi Ki AwaKZi chyw-mevc`vb Kiv hvq, hv mvgwMK Dbqb mnvqZv Ki|
wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbvi AviKwU mnR GesiZc~Y Dcvq nQ gvbyli `bw`b KvRKgiaib cwieZb| `bw`b Afvm cwieZbi gvag`bw`b Rxeb wbtmwiZ Kvebi cwigvY cvqAaK bvwg q Avbv me|
Rjevqy cwieZb ckgbi Aci cvcUwU nQKveb Av eKiY| Kveb AveKiY GKwU cvKwZKcwqv, hv ^vfvweKfveB KvebPi gvag MvQigvS KvebK Ave Ki Mv Qi kvixiexq cwqvigvag MvQi kixii Ask cwiYZ nq| RjevqycwieZbi dj evqygji AwZwi Kvebi cwigvY
KgvZ ewk Ki eivcY Ges msiYI Rjevqyckgbi AvIZvq co|
2.2 Rjevqyckgb I wMbnvDm MvmwbMgb nvmRjevqycwieZb Ges wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgb eZgvbAvwfve RwoZ| Rjevqy cwieZbi cavb KviYwnme gbyl wbtmZ wMbnvDm MvmK `vqx Kiv nq|ZvB, RjevqycwieZb c kgbi cavb AvjvP welqnQ, wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgb nvm|
cw_exevcx Rjevqy cwieZbi Rb h KqKwUMvmK `vqx Kiv nq, Zv`i wMbnvDm Mvm ejv nq|G`i ga AbZg Mvmjv nQ:Kveb WvB-AvBW , Kveb gbv-AvBW, wg_b,bvBUvm AvBW, UUv dyiv wg_b, mvjdvi nvdyivBW, nv dyiv B_b, UvB dyiv wg_b(GBPGdwm-23) BZvw`| Gi ga KvebWvB-AvBW Rjevqy cwieZb mePq ewkwZKi cf ve dj|
DcwiD Mvmi ga ewki fvM M vmB evqygj Icwiek aygvbeKgKvi gvag Rgv nq| hw`Ig~j `vqx Mvm Kveb WvB-AvBW cvKwZKfveI Rgvnq, wK gvbeKgKvi dj Zvi nvi eo MQAbK Y| Avi Gme Mvmi Rgv nevi KviYB g~jZewkK DZv evoQ Ges RjevqycwiewZZ nQ|
ZvB RjevqycwieZb iva ev Rjevqy cwieZbi nvi
cw_exevcx Rjevqy cwieZbiRb h KqKwU MvmK `vqxKiv nq, Zv`i wMbnvDm M vmejv nq| G`i ga AbZg
Mvmjv nQ: KvebWvB-AvBW, Kveb
gbv-AvBW, wg_b, bvBUvmAvBW, UUv dyi v wg_b,mvjdvi nv dyi vBW, nvdyiv B_b, U vB dyi v wg_b
(GBPGdwm-23) BZvw`| Giga Kveb WvB-AvBWRjevqy cwieZb mePq ewk
wZKi cfve dj|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
9/18
14 1
KgvZ wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbv AZxe Riwi|wMbnvDm Mvm Kgvbvi D`vMB m KviY wekevcxRjevqycwieZb ckgb wnme cwiwPZ|
2.2.1 Kveb Kb iZc~YmKj Rxe`n Kveb viv MwVZ| GKRb gvbyli`ni gvU IRbi kZKiv 18 fvM nQ Kveb|Dw` cvwb Ges Kveb WvB-AvBW mwwjZfvem~hi Avjvi kw MnY Ki mvjvKmsklYigvag LyeB mij kKiv Zwi Ki| G mij kKivcieZx mgq bvbv RwUj cwqvi gvag Rxe`nMVbi iZc~Y wewfb (dvU, cvwUb, wbDwKKAvwmW BZvw`) GKK Zwi Ki| kKiv GLvb kw
2.2.2 Rjevqy cwieZbi mv_ KvebKxfve RwoZIcii AvjvPbv _K evSv hvq, Kveb Avgv`iRxebi mv_ IZcvZfve RwoZ Ges AvgivAvgv`i Rxeb eyS bv eyS Kveb wbtmiY Kwi|cZ ev civfve Avgiv GZ RwoZ _vKjIewki fvM mgqB Avgiv eywS bv GZ Kveb wbtmiYnQ| D`vniY ^ic hw` ejv hvq Avgiv hLb Mig ~iKiZ dvb PvjvwQ ev AKvi `~i KiZ e`ywZKevwZ RvjvwQ, we`yr eenvii gvag Avgiv KvebwbtmiY KiwQ, hw`I Avgiv mivmwi Kveb eenvi Kidvb ev evwZ PvjvwQ bv| Gfve Avgv`i RxebKveb Rwoq MQ AbK Nwbfve|
hvMvhvM, Lvevi Zwi, KwlKvR mewKQzB KvebNwUZhM, wekl Ki Kveb WvB-AvBW Zwi Ki| ZeKveb WvB-AvBW Z_v KvebNwUZ wMbnvDm MvmwbMgbi mePq iZc~YDrm nQ Rxevk Rvjvwbeenvi| wekRyo Rjevqy cwieZb Rxevk RvjvwbmePq iZc~Yf~wgKv cvjb KiQ|
2.2.3 `bw`b Rxeb Kvebi eenvi IKveb wbtmiY`bw`b Rxeb mKj KvR Avgiv Kveb wbtmiY Kwi|`bw`b Rxeb Kveb wbtmiYi KqKwU LvZ wbPwPwZ Kiv njv:1. ivbv
ivbv Kivi Rb Avgv`i `k cavbZ KvV eeZnq| ivbvi KvV msMn KiZ Avgv`i wbfi KiZ nqMvQi Ici Ges AbK e wbab nq KvVmsMnKvix`i nvZ| ZvQvov KvV cvovj KvebWvB-AvBWmn Abvb wMbnvDm Mvm Drcb nq|GQvov MvQ Zvi Lv`i Rb evqygj _K KvebWvB-AvBW msMn Ki, hv Kveb WvB-AvBWifvimvg ivq mnvqZv Ki| AwaK nvi ewbabKvebi cvKwZKfve AvxKiYi nvi Kwgqevqygj Kveb WvB-AvBWi gvv evwoq `q|GQvov AbK vb eZgvb ivbvi KvR cvKwZK Mvmeenvi Kiv nQ, cvKwZK Mvm hw`I KvVi _KKg wbMgb Ki, wKZ_vwc Gi dj Kveb wbtmiY
mvjK wnme, gvS gvS iZc~YDcv`vb wnmeAsk bq| GQvov hZ aibi RwUj Re hM iqQZvi MVbi g~j GKK nQ Kveb| Kveb Qvov RwUjRxeb MVbKvix Ges RweK cwqv mcv`bKvix hMMVb Ame| wewfbRwUj Re hM hgb: GbRvBg,
AvgvBbv AvwmW BZvw` Kveb viv MwVZ|GQvov Avgiv `bw`b Rxeb h mKj wbZeenvhwRwbm eenvi Kwi, Zvi ewki fvMB Kveb vivMwVZ| Mvwoi Rb eenvi Kiv Zj, Mvm _KjLvi KvMR ch meB Kveb viv MwVZ| ZvBAvgv`i Rxeb Kvebi iZ A ^xKvi KiviKvbv Dcvq bB|
cavb cavb wMbnvDm Mvmi ga `Lv MQKvebMwVZ hMB ewk| Kveb WvB-AvBW ev wg_bev wmGdwm meB KvebMwVZ hM|
Avgv`i cwZw`bi Rxebi eenvh _K
wkKviLvbvq Drcv`b-cwqv ch me RvqMvZBDcRvZ wnme KvebNwUZ hM wbtmZ nq Ges GiAbKjvB wMbnvDm Mvm|
KkjMZfve ejv hvq, hKvbv gvbeKgKvBKveb WvB-AvBW Zwi Ki| gvbyli kvm bIqv_K i Ki LvIqv mewKQzB Kveb wbtmiYi mv_RwoZ| evwoi kxZvZc wbqY h _K i Ki
2. e`ywZK Avjv3. e`ywZK cvLv4. iwdRviUi5. Iqvwks gwkb6. KwDUvi
7. PjvPji Rb eeZ Mvwo8. KvMR9. dv dzW10. e`ywZK Bw 11. kxZvZc wbqYee v12. Mn vwji AveRbv13. Uwjwfkb
nQ| ZvQvov AvRKvj we`yPvwjZ bvbv iKg ivbvihcvwZ B`vbxs Lye Rbwcq nQ, hvZ we`yrmieivni Ici evowZ Pvc w`Q| Gme AvaywbKDcKiY mivmwi Kveb wbMgb bv KijI GjvPvjvZ AbK ewk we`yZi cqvRb nq Ges we`yr
Drcv`b GKwU mivmwi Kveb wbtmiYKvix cwqv|Gfve Avgiv `bw`b Rxeb h e`ywZK mivghgb, e`ywZK evj , dvb BZvw` eenvi Kwi ZvimeB Kveb wbtmiYi mv_ RwoZ|
iwdRviUi GKwU AbZg Kveb wbtmiYKvix Mn vwjh| iwdRviUi DPgvvq we`yr eenvi QvovIwmGdwm Mvm wbtmiY Ki hv wMbnvDm Mvm nevimv_ mv_ IRb iweasmx MvmI|
mKj Rxe`n Kveb viv M wVZ| GKRb gvbyli `ni gvU IRbikZKiv 18 fvM nQ Kveb| Dw` cvwb Ges Kveb WvB-AvBW
mwwjZfve m~hi Avjvi kw MnY Ki mvjvKmsklYi gvag LyeBmij kKiv Zwi Ki| G mij kKiv cieZx mgq b vbv RwUj cwqvigvag Rxe`n MVbi iZc~Ywewfb (dvU, cvwUb, wbDwKK AvwmW
BZvw`) GKK Zwi Ki| kKiv GLvb kw mvjK wnme, g vS gvSiZc~YDcv`vb wnme Ask bq| GQvov hZ aibi RwUj Re hM
iqQ Zvi MVbi g~j GKK nQ Kveb| Kveb Qvov RwUj Rxeb MVbKvixGes RweK cwqv mcv`bKvix hM MVb Ame| wewfbRwUj Re hM
hgb: GbRvBg, AvgvBbv AvwmW BZvw` Kveb viv M wVZ|
Kveb Avgv`i Rxebi mv_ IZc vZfve RwoZ Ges Avgiv Avgv`iRxeb eyS bv eyS Kveb wbtmiY Kwi| cZ ev civfve Avgiv
GZ RwoZ _vKjI ewki fvM mgqB Avgiv eywS bv GZ KvebwbtmiY nQ| D`vniY ^ic hw` ejv hvq, Avgiv hLb Mig `~i KiZ
dvb PvjvwQ ev AKvi `~i KiZ e`ywZK evwZ RvjvwQ, we`yreenvii gvag Avgiv Kveb wbtmiY KiwQ, hw`I Avgiv mivmwi
Kveb eenvi Ki dvb ev evwZ PvjvwQ bv| Gfve Avgv`i RxebKveb Rwoq MQ AbK Nwbfve|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
10/18
16 1
3.1 KwlKwl AbK Dbqbkxj `kB wRwWwcZ mePqiZc~Yf~wgKv ivL Ges GZ wekevcx cvq 130KvwU gvbyl wbhy iqQ| UKmB Kwl GesLv`ee v G LvZ AvKlYxq, wbivc` Kgms vbimvebv Zwi Kie| cPwjZ KwlcwZmg~n Lye `Zcw_exi cvKwZK mc` wbtkl KiQ Ges G LvZ
eZgvb gvU gvbeNwUZ wbtmiYi kZKiv cvq 13fvM wbtmiY nQ| ebf~wg DRvo Ges RxeewP
wejy nIqvi gvag cwieki gvivZK wZ nQ|GQvov wekA_bxwZI c _vMZ Kwli KviY kZ kZKvwU Wjvii wZi myLxb nQ|
ZvB KwlZ cwi ekeve chywi cPjb ay cwiekiv ev Rjev qy cwieZb gvKvwejvq mnvqZvB `ebv; wekA_bxwZZ bZzb w`Mi m~Pbv Kie| dj
A_bwZK ewP, Drcv`b ew e v bZzb Kgms vbZwii g Zv welqjvI i Z mnKvi `Lv DwPZ,
ZZxq AavqKveb-mvkqx Dbqb
KwDUvi eenvi GKBfve we`yr cqvRb nq Aviwe`yr hKvbvfve eenviB Kveb wbtmiY nq|
GQvov AvevwmK ee vi kxZvZc wbqY h DPkwi eenviKvix Ges G _K wmGdwmI wbMgbnq| GQvov Avgv`i `bw b hvZvqvZi Rb eeZhvbevnb Zj ev Mvmi gZv Rxevk Rvjvwb eenviKi, hv DP nvi Kveb wbMgb Ki|
GgbwK covjLvq eeZ KvMR ZwiZ eenvi Kivnq MvQ, ZvB KvMR Drcv`bi mgq ewbab cqvRbnq| GQvov Drcv`bi wewfbchvq Rxevk Rvjvwbeenvi Ki kw Zwi Kiv nq|
Icii msw AvjvPbvq `Lv hvq, Avgv`i
cvZwnK Rxebi QvULvUv KvR _K i KiAbK eo KvR me RvqMvZ Kveb wbtmwiZ nq|Avgv`i Rxebhvcb-cwZZ ZvB wKQz QvULvUvcwieZb cvi AbK Kveb wbtmiY KgvZ| cvZwnKRxeb Kxfve Kveb wbtmiY Kgvbv hvq Avgiv ZvcieZx AbyQ` `Le|
2.2.4 `bw`b Rxeb Kvebi eenvi IKveb wbtmiY Kgvbvi DcvqhLb KD kw euvPvq ev Kg LiP Ki, Zv ayeqKgvq bv; mv_ mv_ Zj, Mvm wKsev Kqjvi gZvRxevk Rvjvwbi Pvwn`vI nvm Ki| Avi Kg RxevkRvjvwbi A_nQ Kg Kveb WvB-AvBW wbtmiY, hvewkK DZv I RjevqycwieZbi cavb KviY|
Zvi gvb GB bq h Avgiv Kvbv aibi hcvwZeenvi Kie bv| eZgvb me aibi wbZcqvRbxqhcvwZ Kg kw LiP nq, Gfve Zwi Kiv nQ|fvvK ayGgb wRwbm ev cwZ evQvB KiZ nehvZ AvMi Pq Kg kw LiP nq| Gfve GKRb
gvbyl Zvi `bw`b Rxeb Kveb wbtmiYi gvv wZbfvMi GK fvM chbvwgq AvbZ cvi| D`vniYwnme ejv hvq, GKRb gvwKb bvMwiK eQi Mocvq 18,181 KwR Kveb wbtmiY Ki| GiGK-ZZxqvsk ne cvq 6,000 KwR| eQi GKRbhw` 12,000 KwR Kveb wbtmiY KgvZ cvi,AvgwiKvi mevB hw` Zv`i Kveb wbtmiY Kwgqdj Ze eQi Mo aycvZwnK RxebB Zviv cvq
372 KvwU Ub Kveb wbtmiY KgvZ cvie| AviA_bwZK mvkqi K_v ejvB evj|
`bw`b Rxeb hme kw mvkq Kiv hvq ZviwKQzwbP `Lvbv njv:1. evwoZ we`yr-mvkqx e`ywZK evwZ jvMvZ ne,
we`yr-mvkqx evwZ mvaviY evwZi gv 20% we`yreenvi Ki|
2. iwdRviUi mvaviYZ Mn vwj eenvii 20kZvsk kw LiP Ki| iwdRviUi Kbvi mgqiwdRviUi we`yr-mvkqx wK bv `L wbZ ne|iwdRviUii Zvcgvv 3 wWwM mjwmqvmiga ivLv evbxq|
3. evwoi kxZvZc wbqYee vi Zvcgvv 20 wWwM
mjwmqvm ev Gi ewk ivLZ ne| Mxi mgqZvcgvv 25 wWwM mjwmqvm ivLj fvjv| 1wWwM mjwmqvm Zvcgvvi Rb 6% ch kwmvkq Kiv me|
4. hme kxZvZc hGes iwdRviUi G wmGdwmeenvi Ki bv GiKg cY q Kiv|
5. Kvbv RvqMvq hZ nj ewMZ Mvwo eenvibv Ki Rbcwienb eenvi Kiv DwPZ| me njcvq nuU hvIqv|
6. Lv`ZvwjKvq hZ ewk me kvKmewR ivLv,gvsmRvZxq Lvevi hZ `~i me Kg LvIqv|
7. hme wRwbm cybivq eenvi Kiv hvq, mjvdj bv w`q evievi eenvi Kiv|
8. eenvi Kiv kl nj cvwbi Uvc ev Kj eivLv| hLb cqvRb ayZLb PvjyivLv|
9. hKvbv K ZvMi AvM me aibi e`ywZKhcvwZ e Ki hvIqv|
10. Uwjwfkb `Lv kl nj Zv vevB gvW bviL e Ki myBP Lyj ivLv|
11. KwDUvi eenvi kl Zv e Ki myBP AdKi ivLv|
12. gvevBj dvb PvR`qv kl PvRvi Lyj ivLv|
GQvov AmsL Dcvq iqQ hjvi gvag `bw`bRxeb kw mvkq Kiv hvq| GQvov Avgv`i Rxebimv_ mKhy wewfb LvZ i qQ hLvb kw mvkqKiv Lye iZc~Y|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
11/18
18 1
hv fwelZ cw_exi UKmB Dbqbi Rb cavbmnvqK wnme KvR Kie| ZvB Kwli Dbqb GesGZ chywi eenvi cvq 230 KvwU gvbyli Rbcw_exevcx Avkxev` nq Avme| wekl Kievsjv`ki gZv ^vbZ `k Gi cfve nemy`~icmvix|
Kveb WvB-AvBW, wg_b Ges bvBUvm AvBWigZv wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgbi gvag RjevqycwieZb Kwl weivU f~wgKv ivL|
Kwl LvZ eQi cvq 510 _K 610 KvwU gwUK UbmgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW DrcbKi hv gvU gvbewbtmZ wMbnvDm Mvmi cvq 12 fvM| Gi ga 300KvwU gwUK Ub mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW Avm
wg_b Ges 280 KvwU gwUK Ub mgZzj KvebWvB-AvBW Avm bvBUvm AvBW wbtmiY _K, hvgvU gvbe wbtmZ wg_b Ges bvBUvm AvBWih_vg 50 Ges 60 fvM| 1990 mvj _K 2010mvj chwekevcx Kwl LvZ wMbnvDm Mvm Drcv`beoQ kZKiv cvq 19 fvM|
Kwl LvZ wMbnvDm Mvm ckgbi AbK DcvqiqQ| Kwl LvZ KwlwfwK ckgb weKjvAKwlwfwK (kwi eenvi, cwienb) ckgb weKiPq A_bwZKfve ewk jvfRbK| mePqmvebvgq Dcvq nQ DbZ dmj Ges PviYfwgee vcbv (hgb: DbZ KwlcwZ AbymiY, cywDcv`vb eenvi, Rwg Pvl Ges Aekl ee vcbv),dmj Drcv`b Rwgi qcv Re Ask cybivi Gesqcv Rwg cybivi| GQvov DbZ mPee v, f~wgeenvi cwieZb, Kwl-ebvqb Ges Mevw`c I mviee vcbv| AbK ckgbcwZ we`gvb chyweenvi KiB GLbB cqvM Kiv me| wKchywiDbqb fwelZ wewfbckgb c`c MnY iZc~YwbqvgK nq `uvove|
3.2 feb wbgvYcw_exZ gvU eeZ cv_wgK kwi kZKiv 40 fvMkw LiP nq evmvevwo I wewfb aibi feb viv|Gme febi wewfbDcKiY cwieZbi gvag wecyjcwigvY kw euvPvbv me| cwiekeve AvevwmKGes evwYwRK feb wbgvY ^vfvweKi Pq Lye ewk
wewbqvMi cqvRbI co bv| feb wbgvY LvZKveb-mvkqx chyw eenvii gvag wecyj cwigvYkw mvkq Kiv me Ges GKB mv_ kw eenviiLiPI Kg hve|
gbylwbtmZ wMbnvDm Mvmi kZKiv cvq 38%wbtmiY ay feb wbgvY LvZ _KB wbtmZ nq|RjevqycwieZb f~wgKv ivLv wk LvZi ga mevwaKcwigvY wbMgb G LvZ _KB nq| wKAvkvi K_vh, G LvZB mePq djcm~Ges ^LiP wMbnvDmMvm wbtmiY Kgvbvi myhvM iqQ|
feb wbgvYi h h chvq evqygj wMbnvDm MvmwbtmZ nq: feb Zwi feb eenvi feb msvi Ges feb wewbgvY
feb Zwii hme wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmZ nq: KuvPvgvj Zwi KuvPvgvj cwienb feb wewbgvY eR cwienb feb wewbgvY eR cwikvab
GKwU feb Zwi, msvi Ges wewbgvY Mo cwZeMwgUvi 1000 _K 1500 KwR mgZzj KvebWvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq| GKwU feb Zwi, msviGes wewbgvY Mo cwZ eMwgUvi 1000 _K 1500KwR mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq (ayfebwbgvYB 500 KwR mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBWwbtmZ nq)|
chywMZ Ges KkjMZ cwieZbi gvag GKwUfeb Zwii hKvbv chvq w MbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYKgvbvB Kveb-mvkqx feb wbgvY|
Kveb-mvkqx feb wbgvY hme Kkj MnY Kiv hvq: bZzb chywi gvag eeZ KuvPvgvji cw igvY
nvm Kiv; hme KuvPvgvj Drcv`b Kg Kveb wbtmZ nq
mjv eenvi Kiv (wimvBKj hvM KuvPvgvj); feb wewbgvY `evw` cywoq ev MZfivU Kivi
KvR eenvi bv Ki wimvBKj Kiv|
2004 mvj cwienb LvZ cvq630 KvwU gwUK Ub mgZzj
Kveb WvB-AvBW wbtm Z nq hvweki gvbewbtm Z Kveb
WvB-AvBWi 23%| cwienbLvZ mevP 74% wMbnvDm
Mvm wbMZ nq moKcwienbeev _K| A_bwZK
mnhvwMZv I Dbqb msv
(IBwmwW)fz `kmg~ni evBii`kmg~n Gi ga 36% Gi Rb`vqx Ges hw` eZgvb nvi G ew
PjZ _vK Ze 2030 mvjbvMv` G n vi ne 46%|
feb eenvii Rb h wMbnvDm Mvm Drcb nq ZvcavbZ: we`yr eenvi Mig cvwb, Zvc BZvw` ZwiZ eeZ Rxevk
Rvjvwb Zij eR cwikvab KwVb eR cwikvab feb Aew Z wkcwqv
GjvKvf` kwi eenvi _K feb cwZ eMwgUvi0-100 KwR mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq,mLvb Kveb-mvkqx chyw eenvi Ki Zv cwZeMwgUvi 10 KwRZ bvwgq Avbv me|Kveb-mvkqx feb `yBfve Kveb wbtmiY Kgvbv nq:
kw eenvii gvv Kgvbv bevqbhvM kwi Drm eenvi Kiv|
eZgvb kwmvkqx AbK chyw eeZ nQ, hgbc_vMZ e`ywZK evwZi e`j wmGdGj evwZ eeZnQ| kwmvkqx wdR _K i Ki Uwjwfkb,KwDUvi cheenvi Kiv nQ|
bevqbhvM kwi Drm wnme Avgv`i `kmiwe`yr eZgvb ek Rbwcq| GQvov evqvMvmGes evqywe`yr eenviiI AbK myhvM iqQ|
3.3 kw eenviewkK kw mieivn LvZ weki evwlK wMbnvDm MvmwbMgb eoB PjQ| weki wPi-eabkxj Zvc,we`yr Ges cwienbi Rb kwi Pvwn`v gUvZGLbv Rxevk RvjvwbB cvavb cvQ| Dwbk kZKii _K gvSvgvwS ch Rxevk Rvjvwb eenvicw_exevcx cvq GK j `k nvRvi KvwU gwUK UbmgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW wbMgb nqQ|
eZgvb Zvc I we` yr Drcv`b Ges cwienb LvZiRb cqvRbxq Rxevk Rv jvwbi eenvi weki gvUKveb, wg_b Ges bvBUvm AvBWi gZv wMbnv DmMvm wbMgbi kZKiv cvq mi fvMi Rb `vqx|eZgvb wek h nv i Rxevk Rvjvw bi Drcv`b Geseenvi eoB PjQ, Zv cw_ex Ges cwieki`xN vqx Ges UKmB ee vcbvi Rb gvivZKgwK nq `uvwoqQ|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
12/18
20 2
kwi eenvi wekMZ 20eQi mevP eoQGwkqvq (cwZeQi
3.6%)| Rxevk Rvjvwb2004 mvj weki gvUcv_wgK kwi Pvwn`vi
kZKiv cvq 80 fvMmieivn KiZ GesKveb-mvkqx kwi Drmcmvi mwVK bxwZgvjvi
Afve G nvi AvMvgx
20-30 eQi gvMZfveevovi Avkv iqQ| Giga mePq ewk nQZj (35%), Kqjv(25%) Ges Mvm(21%)|
eZgvb bevqbhvM kwiDrm cw_exi gvU cv_wgKkw Pvwn`vi cvq 15%mieivn Ki hvcwiekeve A_bxwZi
Rb 2050 mvj bvMv`Kgc wY nIqvcqvRb| mRb G LvZ
wecyj cwigvY wewbqvMcqvRb| GZ Ki kwi
wbivcv wbwZ nevi mv_mv_ Zv Rb ^v , UKmBDbqb Ges A_bxwZZIAe`vb ivLZ cvie|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
13/18
22 2
wesk _K GKwesk kZK chcw_exi RbmsLv PviY evojI cv_wgK kwi eenvi eoQ cvq `kY| ewki fvM wekl`i gZ, A_bwZK cewidj ^ic AvmQ KqK `kK cw_exZ wekl Ki,Dbqbkxj `kjvZ kwi Pvwn`v Ges eenviDjLhvM nvi evoe|
kwi eenvi wek MZ 20 eQi mevP eoQGwkqvq (cwZeQi 3.6%)| Rxevk Rvjvwb 2004mvj weki gvU cv_wgK kwi Pvwn`vi kZKivcvq 80 fvM mieivn KiZ Ges Kveb-mvkqx kwiDrm cmvi m wVK b xwZgvjvi Afve G nvi AvM vgx20-30 eQi gvMZfve evovi Avkv iqQ| Giga mePq ewk nQ Zj (35%), Kqjv(25%) Ges Mvm (21%)|
eZgvb bevqbhvM kwi Drm cw_exi gvU cv_wgKkw Pvwn`vi cvq 15% mieivn Ki, hv cwiekeveA_bxwZi Rb 2050 mvj bvMv` Kgc wY nIqvcqvRb| mRb G LvZ wecyj cwigvY wewbqvMcqvRb| GZ kwi wbivcv wbwZ nevi mv_ mv_Zv Rb ^v , UKmB Dbqb Ges A_bxwZZI Ae`vbivLZ cvie|
bevqbhvM kw ee vcbv wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgbKwgq cwieki Dbqbi mv_ mv_ kw AwbqZv`~ixKiY iZc~Yf~wgKv ivLZ cvi| bevqbhvMkw njv Ggb kw hv bvbv cvKwZK Drm hgb:m~hi Avjv, evZvm, ew BZvw` _K cvIqv hvq GesGjvK evievi eenvi Kiv hvq|
KqKwU DjLhvM bevqbhvM kw Drm njv: m~hiwk Rjcevn evqycevn f~Zvcxq kw BZvw`|
bevqbhvM kwi Drm eenvi Ki bvbv iKg kwmieivn ee v Zwi Kiv hvq| GiKg GKwU LyecwiwPZ D`vniY njv miwe`yr| GQvov bevqbhvMkwi Drm eenvi Ki hme kw mieivnee veZgvb Lye Rbwcq mjv njv: Rjwe`yr
evqywe`yr evqvwWRj evqvMvm miwe`yPvwjZ kxZvZc h XDqi kw eenvi Ki we`yr f~Zvcxq kw eenvi Ki we`yr bvbvchyw eenvi miwe`yr
GQvov AviI AbK chyw iqQ, wK GjvZmiKvwi ccvlKZv wbwZ KiZ ne hvZ KgLiP bevqbhvM kwi chywjv mvaviY gvbyliKvQ cuQvq|
3.4 ebvqb
wesk kZvxi kl w`K vxq Aj ebf~wg wbabGes bvwZkxZv Ges Dixq wKQzAj ebf~wg ewcw_exevcx wMbnvDm wbMgb ew Ges nvm iZc~Yf~wgKv iLQ| AbK Kg LiP wekevcx h ckgbD`vM iqQ ZvZ iZc~Y f~wgKv ivLZ cviebf~wg, hv GKB mv_ RjevqyAwfhvRb Ges UKmBDbqbI mnvqK ne|
ebvqbwfwK ckgb KgcwiKbv Rjevqy cwieZb,RxeewP iv Ges UKmB Dbqb mnvqK KicYqb Kiv hvq|
ebf~wg wbab nvm, eb ee vcbv, ebvqb I eivcYGes Kwl ebvqb viv Kveb ckgb-mveZvi mvdjcavbZ wbfi Ki KgZrciZv, cqvMi mgq Geswbw` Aji Ici| ^Kvjxb mgqi Rb ebvqbiPq ebf~wg wbab iva AwaKZi djcm~|
ebvqbi gvag Kveb ckgbi ga KvVRvZxq cYAveKZ Kveb, cY cwZ vcb Ges Re-kwi RbDw Ask Zwi Afz| Gfve evqygj _K
Kveb AcmvwiZ nq gvbyli KvV, Z Ges Pvwn`vgUvq| ebvqb _K cv evqvgvm ev Dw Askwekevcx eQi cvq 12 x1018-74 x1018 Ryjkw mieivn KiZ cvi| hv kw Drcv`bK`iaib Abymvi (ZjPvwjZ, MvmPvwjZ ev KqjvPvwjZKvbv aibi ee v cwZ vwcZ nQ Zvi Ici wbfiKi) eQi 40 _K 440 KvwU mgZzj KvebWvB-AvBW ckgb mnvqZv KiZ cvi|
cvKwZK KviY QvovI eb AbK AvM _KB f~wgieenvi cwieZb, AwZ gvvq ebR m` AvniY,Mevw`ci AwZwi PviY, Avb Ges we`wk RvZiMvQi Abyceki gZv gvbeKgKv viv wZM nQ| GQvov Rjevqy cwieZbi cfvemn wewfbewkK cwieZb ebf~wgi ckgb-mgZvq KvebAveKiY evwoq (bvBUvRb Rgv nIqv) ev Kwgq(evqy`~lYi cfve) cfvweZ KiZ cvi|
Zvi ciI, ebvqbi chywi eenvi i, we viGes vbvi RjevqycwieZb AwfhvRb Ges ckgbwekvj mvebv mw KiQ| wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYKgvbv ev Kveb AveKiY ew Kiv QvovI ebvqbLvZ chyw vbvi Kkj viv evcK Av_mvgvwRK, vbxq, ewkK Ges UKmB Dbqb f~wgKv ivLvi
myhvM we`gvb|
3.5 wkwk Drcv`b cw_exZ eeZ gvU kwiGK-ZZxqvsk eq nq Ges gvbewbtmZ wMbnvDmMvmi GK-PZz_vsk wbMgb nq wk LvZ| wk LvZwbMZ wMbnvDm Mvm cavbZ kw eenvi djwbtmZ Kveb WvB-AvBW, Drcv`bcwqvq eeZRxevk Rvjvwb BZvw` LvZ _K Avm|
Abvb LvZ kw eenvi ewi mv_ mv_ wk LvZcv_wgK kw eenvii nvi 1970 mvj 40% _KKg 2004 mvj 37% nq| `Lv hvQ h, LvZwnme wk LvZ kZKiv wnmve KgjI cwigvYwnmve wk LvZ kwi eenvi eoB PjQ|wkRwbZ kw eenvii wnme DbZ `kjv35%, Dbqbkxj `kmg~n 53% Ges Ae viA_bxwZi `kmg~n 12% wMbnvDm Mvm mivmwiwbtmiY KiQ| eZgvb wk LvZ cZ wbtmiY
720 KvwU gwUK Ub mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW Gesciv wbtmiY 1200 KvwU gwUK Ub mgZzj KvebWvB-AvBW| Gi ga 84% kw eeZ nq, jvnvI wj, wewfb avZewk, ivmvqwbK Ges mviwk,cUwjqvg widvBbvwi Ges KvMRwk| 2003 mvjDbqbkxj `kmg~n _K 42% jvnv I wj, 57%bvBUvRb mvi, 78 fvM wmgU Ges 50 fvMAvgvwbqvg Drcvw`Z nq|
cvKwZK KviY QvovI ebAbK AvM _KB f~wgi
eenvi cwieZb, AwZ gvvqebR m` AvniY,
Mevw`ci AwZwi PviY,Avb Ges we`wk RvZi
MvQi Abyceki gZvgvbeKgKv viv wZM
nQ| GQvov RjevqycwieZbi cfvemn we wfbewkK cwieZb ebf~wgi
ckgb-mgZvq KvebAveKiY evwoq (b vBUvRb
Rgv nIqv) ev Kwgq(evqy ~lYi cfve) cfvweZ
KiZ cvi|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
14/18
24 2
wk LvZ wZbfve Kveb WvB-AvBW wbMZ nq:
1. kw Drcv`b Rxevk Rvjvwb eenvi;
2. wewfbivmvqwbK cwqvq Rxevk Rvjvwbi eenvi;
3. A-Rxevk Rvjvwb LvZ (wewfbivmvqwbK Drcv`bcwqv)|
wkLvZ wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY KgvZ ekwKQzckgb weK Zwi Kiv nqQ| G ckgb weKjvcavbZ wZb aibi| Drcv`b cwqvi cwieZb,LvZwfwK chyw, Drcv`b cwqvwfwK chyw|
Gi ga Drcv`b cwqvZ cwieZb Avgv`i `kiRb mePq DchvMx| wbP wKQzD`vniY `Iqv njv: Kg kw eenvi Ki Ges ewk hvwK `Zvhy
hcvwZ eenvi Kiv;
Rvjvwbi cwieZb Ges wKQz eR eenviKi mc~iK Rvjvwb Drcv`b;
KuvPvgvj cwieZb; bevqbhvM kw eenvi; KuvPvgvji mwVK eenvi, AcPq iva Ges
wimvBKj Kiv; Kveb WvB-AvBW AveKiY Ges msiY|
wekevcx `xN vqx Kveb ckgb Kveb-mvkqx chywDveb miKvwi Ges emiKvwi Dfq LvZK GwMqAvmZ ne| wkLvZ Kveb ckgb we Z chywDvweZ nqQ, hw`I weki AbK `kB wMbnvDmMvm ckgb miKvi ev evRvi viv Av`Z bq| AbKmvkqx ckgb c hyw DvweZ njI Gme A_bwZKevavi KviY wk Kveb ckgb GLbv Lye GKUv
RbwcqZv jvf Kiwb|
3.6 hvMvhvMee vA_bwZK cewi mv_ mv_ A_bwZK Dbqb GesgvbeKjvYi c~ekZ wnme wekevcx cwienbKgKvi iZ ew cvQ| cw_exi cwienbee vieeZ gvU kwi kZKiv 95% Avm cUwjqvg RvZRxevk Rvjvwb _K| 2004 mvj cwienb LvZcw_exi gvU wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYi kZKiv cvq 23fvMi Rb vqx, hvi wZb-PZz_vskB wQj moK cwienbLvZ| MZ yB `kK hKvbv LvZi Pq cwienbLvZ wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY eoQ mePq ewk|wekevcx Z A_bwZK Dbqbi dj wbKU fwelZIG nvi evoe| hw`I weki ewki fvM gvbyliBewMZ Kvbv hvbevnb bB Ges cw_exi ewki fvMgvbyliB gvUiPvwjZ hvbevnb cekMgZv AbKKg| wKG Ae v `Z cwiewZZ nQ|
cieZx KqK `kK cwienb KgKv axi axi ewcq Lye kwkvjx Ae vb cuQve| wekcwienb LvZgvU kwi eenvi eQi 2% Ki evoe Ges Dbqbkxj
A_bxwZi `kmg~n G nvi ne mevP| m Abyhvqx,cwienb LvZ 2030 mvj bvMv` kwi eenvi Ges
wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY eZgvbi Pq 80% ew cve|
2004 mvj cwienb LvZ cvq 630 KvwU gwUK UbmgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq, hv weki gvbewbtmZ Kveb WvB-AvBWi 23%| cwienb LvZmevP 74% wMbnvDm Mvm wbMZ nq moKcwienbee v _K| A_bwZK mnhvwMZv I Dbqbms v (IBwmwW) fz `kmg~ni evBii `kmg~n Giga 36%-Gi Rb `vqx Ges hw` eZgvb nvi G ewPjZ _vK Ze 2030 mvj bvMv G nvi ne 46%|cwienb LvZ Rvjvwb cvovbv _K Lye mvgvb cwigvYwg_b I bvBUvm AvBW Ges kxZvZc hi Mvm_K wKQzdywibUW Mvm wbtmZ nq| cwienb LvZgvU wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYi 0.1-0.3% nQ wg_b
Ges 2.0-2.8% nQ bvBUvm AvBW| dywibUWMvm gvU wbtmZ Kveb WvB-AvBWi 5-10%|
cwienb LvZ wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbv,Kvbv Kvbv FYvZK wMbnvDm MvmwbtmiYi chyw eZgvb w e`gvb| hgb, e`ywZKUb, dzqj mj ev evUvwiP vwjZ gvUihv b BZvw`|cvKwZK Mvm, ReRvjvwb, nvBWvRbi gZv
weK Rvjvw b eenvi Ges DbZ Avayw bK I we`g vbchywi mswgkY evcKn vi wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYKwgq djvi Dcvq iqQ|
Pvifve hvbevnbi wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY KgvbvhZ cvi:1. hvbevnbi fvi/IRb Kwgq, hvbevnbi KvRi
cwigvY Kwgq;2. Bwbi `Zv ew Kwi, hvZ Kg Rvjvwbi
cqvRb nq;3. Kg Kveb wbtmiYKvix Rvjvwb eenvi Ki;4. hvbevnbi wbvkb avc A-KvebRvZxq wMbnvDm
wbtmiY Kwgq|
weK RvjvwbReRvjvwbg~jZ Rxei `nvekl _K Drcvw`Z RvjvwbKRe-Rvjvwb ejv nq| KvebmsewjZ Rxei`nveklK RvjvwbZ icvi Kivi AbK KkjiqQ| G Rvjvwbmg~ni ga B_vbj, wg_vbj,evqvwWRj, WvB wg_vBj B_vi BZvw`i gZvKvebmsewjZ RvjvwbI iqQ|
cvKwZK Mvm (wmGbwR, GjGbwR, wRwUGj)cvKwZK Mvm g~jZ wg_b, mivmwi hvbevnb eenviKiv hvq ev AviI Pvc Ab Rvjvwb hgb wmGbwR evGjGbwRZ cwiewZZ KiI eenvi Kiv hvq|
e ywZK hvbevnbdzqj mj ev nvBweW hvbevnb ivmvqwbK Rvjvwb_K kw cvq, hv ZvrwYKfve we`yZ cwiYZ nq|eZgvb e`ywZK hvbevnb `yBfve we`yr mieivnKiv nq; c_gZ, hvbevnbi Icii e`ywZK jvBb
_K mivmwi we`yr mieivn; wZxqZ, hvbevnbAew Z evUvwi ev dzqj mj _K ivmvqwbK kwmieivn, hv ZvrwYKfve ivmvqwbK kwKe`ywZK kwZ icvi Kiv| fwelZ me aibie`ywZK hvbevnb wZxq aibi kwi Drm eeZne| e`ywZK hvbevnbi hvwK `Zv cvq 90%njI evUvwii ^vqy Ges msw hvvi `N GchywK Rbwcq nevi c_ Aivq| 300 wKwgi gZv
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
15/18
26 2
RjevqycwieZb ckgb ZiYiv iZc~Yf~wgKv cvjb KiZ cvi| ZiYiv Zv`i`bw`b Rxebi bvbv AvPvi-A vPiYcwieZbi gvag RxebhvvK AviIKveb-mvkqx Ki ZzjZ cvi| KqKwUD`vniY wbP `Lvbv njv:evwoZ miwe yr vcb I eenviAwffveK`i DyKiY;c_vMZ evji e`j kw-mvkqx GesAwaKZi ` wmGdGj evjeenvi Kiv;wewfbwbZcqvRbxq KvR AcvKZ Kg
cvwb LiP Kiv, (`uvZ gvRvi mgq Kj eivLv, AcvKZ Kg mgq wbq MvmjKiv);hLbB me nq cvq nuU Me MgbKiv, GKUzewk ~iZAhvwK hvbevnbeenvi Kiv;hLbB me kxZvZc wbqY hcwinviKiv;MvQ jvMvbv;wcUi KvMRi `yB cvk eenviKi wcU Kiv;hKvbv e h_vme ewk eenvi Kiv,me nj hme cY cwiZ nevi ci KgeR Zwi Ki mjv eenvi Kiv;wimvBKj Kiv hvq Ggb cY eenviKiv;evRvi Kivi cybeenvihvM e vMeenvi Kiv, cwjw_bi Zwi evM cwinviKiv;hLb eenvi Kiv nQ bv, ZLb e`ywZKhcvwZi myBP e ev Lyj ivLv;ckgbi wewfbZ_-Dcv Rvbv GesAciK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv;vbxq, RvZxq Ges AvRvwZK chvqwewfbckgb D`vMi mv_ mc nIqv;Abi cwieZbi Rb Acv bv KiwbRi AvPiY cwieZb Kiv|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
16/18
DcK~jxqZUiLveigvbMvfeivcYmeyReb xZwiKiv
RjevqycwieZbifwelrSuywKISuywKgvKvwejvqKxKiZneZvwbaviYKiviRbMelYvIvbee vcbv
mgw^Z`yhvM
ee vc
28 2
hvv`Ni RbI 400 KwRi ewk cwigvY evUvwiicqvRb nq|
moK cwienb gvagi cwieZbewMZ gvUiPvwjZ hvbevnb Abvb hKvbv moKcwienb hvbevnbi Pq AbK ewk gv_vwcQzRvjvwbLiP Ki Ges AbK ewk wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYKi| wK wekevcx ewMZ hvbevnbi msLveoB PjQ| moK hvMvhvMi gvag cwieZbKi evcKnvi kwi eenvi Ges wMbnvDm MvmwbtmiY Kgvbv me| ewMZ hvbevnbi cwieZevm ev GiKg mvaviY hvMvhvM gvag eenvi|AhvwK hvbevnb ev cvq nuU hvZvqvZ KivI GKwULye iZc~Ygvag| AhvwK hvbevnb cvq 7.5 wKwgGes cvq nuU mvaviYZ cvq 2.5 wKwg ~iZi MehvZvqvZ Kiv me| GQvov `~ieZx hvMvhvMi gvagwnme ij eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| GQvov cYcwienb moKc_i cwieZbc_ eenvi Ki LiPGes kwi eenvi `yB-B Kgvbv hvq|
3.7 eR ee vcbvcw_exi gvU wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYi Lye QvU Ask(5 kZvski Kg) fvM ev eenvi-cieZx eR _KAvm, Ges 2005 mvj Zv wQj cvq 130 KvwU gwUKUb mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBWi mgvb| cwiZveR _K mePq ewk cvIqv hvq wg_b GesbvBUvm AvBW| GQvov Zij eR _KI wg_b GesbvBUvm AvBW cvIqv hvq| eR cvovbv _K wKQzcwigvY Kveb WvB-AvBW Drcbnq|
eR ee vcbv LvZ mivmwi wbMgb wbicY weivUAwbqZv weivR Kij we`gvb eR ee vcbvcwqvjv viv evcKnvi Ges KvhKifvewMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbv me|
eR ee vcbvi gvag wMbnvDm Mvm ckgbiAbK aibi chyw iqQ, hv viv KvhKifve GBLvZ wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbv me, hvGKBmv_ Rb ^v , cwiekMZ myiv Ges UKmBDbqbI mvnvh Ki| mgw^Zfve GB chywjvwecyj cwigvY wMbnvDm wbtmiY iva ev wMbnvDm MvmwbtmiY cwinvi mnvqZv Ki|
cywoq ev wkLvZ mn `nb viv eR _K kwZwii gvag DjLhvM cwigvY bevqbhvM kwcvIqv hvq, mv_ mv_ wekvj wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiYnvm nq| eZgvb cw_exevcx eQi cvq 20 KvwU UbeR `nb Ki kw Drcv`b Kiv nq| GQvovjvwdji gvag Mvm AvniYI GKwU mvkqx Kvebckgb gvag|
evwYwRKfve Mvm AvniY 1975 mvj _Kc~Yic KvhKi iqQ Ges G chyw viv eZgvbeQi cvq 12 Kvw U gwUK Ub mgZzj Kveb c kgbKiv me nQ| Dbqbkxj `kmg~n jvwdjchyw eZgvb myc wZwZ|
Dbqbkxj `kmg~n geagvb eR ee vcbvAeKvVvgv Rb ^v cwiw wZi Dbqb, wMbnvDmMvm ckgb, RjR mc` iv Ges cvwbZAcwikvwaZ eR w bvkb Kgvbvi gZv egvwKmyweav c `vb Ki|
jvwdj chywi Zzjbvq eR c`v_i `nb GesAbvb Zvcxq cwqv AbK Kg wMbnvDm MvmDrcv`b Ki, aywKQzKveb WvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq|eR `nbi dj m wMbnvDmi cwigvY gv PviKvwUi mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBWi mgvb, hv GLvZ gvU wbtmiYi kZKiv cuvP fvMi Kg| wKQzwe`gvb eR ee vcbv Kkj njv:1. f~wgMVb wg_b ee vcbv;2. `nb Ges Abvb Zvcxq cwqvq eR _K kw
Drcv`b;3. Re cwikvab (Kcv);4. eR Kgvbv, cybeenvi Ges wimvBKj Kiv;5. Zij eR Ges vR cwikvab|
eR ee vcbv LvZi me bxwZgvjv Ges c`c`~lY cwZiva, `yM `~ixKiY, gvw U, cvwb Ges evqyigvb ivi gZv we Z cwiekMZ Dk Afz KivnqQ ewea DcKvii Dcvq wnme| eR ee vcbvay wMbnvDm Mvm ckgbB bq, mv_ AbvbcwiekMZ myweavI eq Avb|
jvwdj chywi Zzjbvq eR c`v_i `nb Ges Abvb Zvcxqcwqv AbK Kg wMbnvDm Mvm Drcv`b Ki, aywKQzKveb
WvB-AvBW wbtmZ nq| eR `nbi dj m wMbnvDmi cwigvYgv Pvi KvwUi mgZzj Kveb WvB-AvBWi mgvb, hv G LvZ
gvU wbtmiYi kZKiv cuvP fvMi Kg|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
17/18
30 3
miKvi mec_g 2005 mvj Avgv`i `ki RvZxqAwfhvRb cwiKbv (National Adaptation Plan ofAction NAPA/bvcv) cYqb Ki| GUv wQj 10eQii GKwU cwiKbv|
2009 mvj miKvi RjevqycwieZbi weic cfvegvKvwejv KiZ evsjv`k AwfhvRb Ges wMbnvDmMvm wbMgb Kgvbv `yUv DkK mvgb iL GKwUKkjc (bxwZgvjv bq, eis KgcwiKbv) MnYKi| GUvK ejv nq evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZbKkjc I KgcwiKbv (wewmwmGmGwc) 2009|RjevqycwieZbi SuywK gvKvwejvq miKvi I Abvbms v AvMvgx 10 eQi Kx Kie, Kxfve Kie GesKv_vq Kie Zv GB KgcwiKbvq jLv AvQ| gbivLv `iKvi, evsjv`kB cw_exZ c_g G aibiGKwU `wjj cYqb KiQ|
eZgvb evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ mKjKgcwiKbv wewmwmGmG wc-2009-Gi AvjvKwbavwiZ nq _vK| Rjevqy cwieZb ckgbi RbwewmwmGmGwc-2009-G GKwU Avjv`v AbyQ`iqQ, hLvb PviwU g~j welqi AvjvKevsjv`k Rjevqy c kgbi c wZ bIqvi K_v ejvAvQ| G KgcwiKb vi mejv KvRK 6wU /wcjvi fv M Kiv nq Q:
1. RbMYi Lv`wbivcv, wbivc` Avevmb,Kgms vb I ^v mn mvgvwRK myiv;
2. mgw^Z `yhvM ee vcbv;
3. DcKjxq ewoeuva, ebv wbqY euva, N~wYSoAvkqK`, wkvcwZvb, knii cvwb wbvkbee v BZvw` AeKvVvgv Dbqb;
4. Rjevqy cwieZbi fwelr SuywK I SuywK
gvKvwejvq Kx KiZ ne Zv wbaviY Kivi RbMelYv I vb ee vcbv;
5. cw_exi Rjevqy cwieZbi SuywK Kgvbvq hbevsjv`k fwgKv ivLZ cvi mRb wMbnvDmMvm wbMgb Kwgq Dbqb wbwZ Kiv Ges
6. miKvii gYvjq I `ijv hb AvMvgx w`bRjevqy cwieZbi SuywK gvKvwejvq fvjvfveKvR KiZ cvi GRb mgZv ew|
hw`I wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY evsjv`ki f~wgKv LyeBbMY Z_vwc fwelZ evsjv`k wMbnvDm Mvmckgb DjLhvM f~wgKv ivLZ cvi|
1. RvZxq kw wbivcv wbwZ Ges Kg gvvqwMbnvDm Mvm w btmiY KiZ GKwU RvZxq kwKkj cwiKbv MnY Kiv;
2. `kevcx miKvwi Ges ewMZ RwgZ mvgvwRKebvqbi cmvi;
3. DcK~jxq ZUiLv eivei gvbMvf eivcY vivmeyR ebx Zwi Kiv;
4. Kveb-mvkqx Dbqbi Rb DbZ `k _K chyw vbvii gvag GKwU icK cYqb;
5. mvkqx Ges ` mieivn, eb Ges eenviwbwZ KiZ kw Ges chyw bxwZgvjv
cybivjvPbv Ges cqvRb cYv`bv c`vb|
QqwU g~jbxwZi Ici wfw Ki wewmwmGmGwc-2009-Gi AvIZvq 2010 mvj _K cwZeQiwewmwmwUGd ev evsjv`k RjevqycwieZb Uv dvviv bvbv cK ev evqb Kiv nQ|
GQvov wewmwmAviGd ev evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb
PZz_AavqRjevqycwieZb gvKvwejvq evsjv`kiAe vb I ZiY`i KiYxq
wewmwmwUGd njv Ggb GKwU Znwej hv RbMYi Kii UvKvqAvgv`i miKvi RvZxq evRU _K eiv w`q Zwi KiQ|
2008-09 evRU 300 KvwU, 2009-10 mvj 400 KvwU,2010-11 mvj 700 KvwU Ges 2011-12 mvj 700 KvwU;
gvU 2,100 KvwU UvKv `qv nqQ|
8/21/2019 A Booklet for Students on Climate Mitigation
18/18
mnbkxjZv Znwej Ges AviI wKQzA_bwZK eevBwZgaB MnY Kiv nqQ| miKvi KZK MnxZKqKwU DjLhvM c`c njv:
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv dv(wewmwmwUGd):wewmwmwUGd njv Ggb GKwU Znwej
hv RbMYi Kii UvKvq Avgv`i miKvi RvZxqevRU _K eiv w`q Zwi KiQ| 2008-09evRU 300 KvwU, 2009-10 mvj 400 KvwU,2010-11 mvj 700 KvwU Ges 2011-12 mvj 700KvwU; gvU 2,100 KvwU UvKv `qv nqQ|
GB Znwej Zwi Ki evsjv`k mviv cw_exZ cksmvcqQ| GUv _K cgvY `qv njv h, Avgv`i
mgmvjv gvKvwejvq Avgiv AvwiK| GLb DbZwek hw` Kveb wbMgb Kgvq Ges cwZkwZ Abyhvqxevsjv`kK A_mnvqZv `q, Zvnj Avgiv wbR`ifwelr wbRivB Mo wbZ cvie| GLb chwewfbmiKvwi `ii 120wUi ewk cK evevwqZ nQ|G cKjvi ga KZjv cK AvQ hv mviv`ki Rb KvR jvMe, Avevi KZjv cK AvQ
hv aywbw Aj KvR Kie|
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb iwRwjq dv(wewmwmAviGd): hyivRi wWGdAvBwWmn wewfb
wcxq Dbqb mnhvMx msv 2008 mvj _Kevsjv`k wekevsKi eevcbvq gvw Wvbvi Uvdv (GgwWwUGd) Zwii cPv KiQ, 2010 mvjig gvm Dbqb mnhvMxiv evsjv`k WfjcgUdvivg (wewWGd)-G evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZbiwRwjq dv (wewmwmAviGd) ZwiZ mZ
nqQ, hv evsjv`k miKvii eevcbvq cwiPvwjZne| Zvi ciI wekevsK wewmwmAviGd evevqbmnvqZv KiQ, hv cieZx wZb eQii ga evsjv`kmiKvii nvZ Qo `evi j iqQ| G mgqiga wewmwmAviGd hyivR, BDivwcqvb BDwbqb,WbgvK, myBWb, Awjqvmn wewfb Dbqb
mnhvMx`i KvQ _K cvq 20 KvwU gvwKb WjvimnvqZv cqQ| G A_i 90 kZvsk miKvii wewfbgYvjqi gvag Ges evwK 10 kZvsk cjx KgmnvqK dvDkb (wcKGmGd)-Gi ZveavbwewfbGbwRIi D`vM evevqb eeZ ne|
evsjv`ki MnxZ c`c AbK ^vbZ GesRjevqy cwieZbi gwKi myLxb `k D`vniYwnme MnY Ki Zv`i KgcwiKbv cYqb KiQ|
ZiY`i KiYxqRjevqy cwieZb ckgb ZiYiv iZc~Y f~wgKvcvjb KiZ cvi| ZiYiv Zv`i `bw`b Rxebi
bvbv AvPvi-AvPiY cwieZbi gvag RxebhvvKAviv Kveb-mvkqx Ki ZzjZ cvi| KqKwUD`vniY wbP `Lvbv njv:
evwoZ miwe yr vcb I eenvi AwffveK`iDyKiY;
c_vMZ evji e`j kw-mvkqx Ges AwaKZi` wmGdGj evj eenvi Kiv;
wewfbwbZcqvRbxq KvR AcvKZ Kg cvwbLiP Kiv, ( uvZ gvRvi mgq Kj e ivLv,
AcvKZ Kg mgq wbq Mvmj Kiv);
hLbB me nq, cvq nuU Me Mgb Kiv, GKUzewk ~iZAhvwK hvbevnb eenvi Kiv;
hLbB me kxZvZc wbqY hcwinvi Kiv;
MvQ jvMvbv;
wcUi KvMRi yB cvk eenvi Ki wcU
Kiv; hKvbv e h_vme ewk eenvi Kiv, me
nj hme cY cwiZ nevi ci Kg eR ZwiKi mjv eenvi Kiv;
wimvBKj Kiv hvq Ggb cY eenvi Kiv;
evRvi Kivi cybeenvihvM evM eenviKiv, cwjw_bi Zwi evM cwinvi Kiv;
hLb eenvi Kiv nQ bv, ZLb e ywZKhcvwZi myBP e ev Lyj ivLv;
ckgbi wewfb Z_-Dcv Rvbv Ges AciKRvbZ mvnvh Kiv;
vbxq, RvZxq Ges AvRvwZK chvq wewfbckgb D`vMi mv_ mc nIqv;
Abi cwieZbi Rb Acv bv Ki wbRiAvPiY cwieZb Kiv|