Glenn H. Fredrickson Mitsubishi Chemical Professor, Director MC-CAM

Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials

UCSB’s Materials Miracle: A Blueprint for Success

2010 NRC Rankings: Materials Science & Engineering

On September 28, 2010, The National Research Council (NRC) published its long-awaited report evaluating over 5,000 doctoral programs in 62 fields at 212 universities The 2010 rankings specified 5 percentile and 95 percentile confidence intervals using a number of criteria. The most important of these are the so-called S (survey) and R (regression) rankings Only three other programs in the country share UCSB Materials "1111" ranking: Economics at Harvard, Statistics at Stanford, and Performing Arts at NYU

UCSB College of Engineering: • Founded 1961 – 50 yrs old

UCSB Materials Department • Founded 1986 – 25 yrs old

Young but Distinguished

How did UCSB get to #1 in less than 25 years?

Engineering, top 10 by S

In fact, all five College of Engineering (COE) graduate programs in UCSB are "top 10" (when the S ranking is used) We will see that UCSB’s broader success is intimately linked to the success in Materials!

Beginnings (1980-1990) Prerequisites

Visionaries

Multi-discipline

Maturation (1990-2000) Shared facilities

Centers

Education and outreach

Recognition (2000-2010)

Closing Remarks

Outline

Beginnings (1980-1990)

Robert Mehrabian Dean, COE 1983-1990

By 1980, select areas of UCSB physical science and engineering had

established a national reputation for excellence:

Physics Dept – led by an ambitious and talented faculty hired in the 1960s

Institute for Theoretical Physics (est. 1979, now KITP) – used to attract

Nobel Laureate R. Schrieffer, F. Wilczek and others

Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids (est. 1982, IPOS, now CPOS) –

used to attract A. Heeger, F. Wudl in semiconducting polymers

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) – strategic focus on non-silicon

solid state science starting in 1976

Prerequisites: build from strength

Around 1980, informal discussions surrounding a materials program were already taking place among R. Odette, G. Lucas, J. Merz, H. Kroemer, A. Heeger, J. Langer and others

The effort was catalyzed by the arrival in 1983 of Robert Mehrabian as Dean of the College of Engineering

He was promised 15 FTE

By the time Mehrabian left UCSB in 1990, he had made 69 hires!

The Visionary

Robert Mehrabian

1968-75 – Asst./Assoc. Prof., Materials Science Dept., MIT

1975-79 – Prof., Materials Science Dept., U. Illinois

1979-83 – Director, Center for Mat. Sci., NBS

1983-90 – Dean, COE, UCSB

1990-97 – President, Carnegie Mellon University

1999-11 – President, CEO, Chairman, Teledyne Technologies Inc.

1. Initially, build on the strength in ECE in III-V semiconductors and opto-

electronics, and develop new initiatives in structural (metallic and ceramic)

and macromolecular materials

2. Forge alliances with key administrators and Academic Senate leaders

3. Partner with industry, DOD, and DOE to satisfy startup equipment needs

4. Recruit a leader for the new materials program

5. Nucleate new areas with cluster hires of world-class mid-career faculty,

many from industry. Reinforce with junior appointments

6. New faculty are appointed jointly in new Materials Dept and an existing

Department

Mehrabian’s Strategy

Mehrabian, H. Kroemer, J. Merz, and others forged a strategy around III-V semiconductors, heterojunctions, and optoelectronics

Key hires included Larry Coldren (1984, Bell Labs, optoelect.)

Evelyn Hu (1984, Bell Labs, micro/nanofabrication)

Pierre Petroff (1986, Bell Labs, quantum structures)

Art Gossard (1987, Bell Labs, MBE growth)

Electronic Materials: Building on Strength in ECE

Arthur Gossard • NAS, NAE

• Co-discoverer, quantum confined Stark

effect

• Co-discoverer fractional Hall effect

• 3-time Winner of the AAAS Newcomb

Cleveland Prize

• 1078 papers, 43 citations/paper

• H-index: 106

Strategic Alliances

Robert A. Huttenback

Chancellor 1977-1986 Robert Mehrabian

Dean, COE 1983-1990

Ray Sawyer (Physics)

Executive Vice Chancellor

~1982-1986

Academic Senate Chair

R. Sawyer (Physics) 1980-81

K. Millett (Math) 1982-83

B. Kirtman (Chem) 1984-85

D. Mellichamp (ChemE) 1990-92

AS Committee on Educational

Policy and Academic Planning

(CEPAP)

R. Odette (ME) 1985-1986

G. Taborski (Bio) 1987

R. Watts (Chem) 1988-1989

I was feeding at the same plate as everyone else, I was just hungrier!

Robert Mehrabian, February 2011

In the early 1980s, Mehrabian served on a DARPA advisory

committee with Tony Evans of Berkeley/LBL

After more than a year of courting, assisted by J. Langer, R.

Schreiffer, A. Heeger and others, Tony decided to come to UCSB

to head the new materials program

Tony led the creation of a Materials Department and wrote many

successful proposals to the DOD (URI, DARPA, ONR), DOE and

NSF

The Leader

Anthony G. Evans

•NAS, NAE, FRS

•ISI Highly cited author in Materials Science, Engineering & Physics

•Prior to UCSB, work experience at NBS, Rockwell, UC Berkeley

•Former Chair, Defense Sciences Research Council

•Founding Chair, Materials Dept, UCSB 1985-1994

•799 papers, 47 citations/paper

•H-index: 97

By the time of the 1986 Materials Dept proposal, the basic structure was in place

Evans and Mehrabian used mid-career cluster hires to seed the structural and polymers areas

Many of these hires had experience at premier corporate research labs: Bell Labs

IBM

Exxon Corp. Research

DuPont Experimental Station

Rockwell Research Center

Foundations of a Program

A. G. Evans, A Proposal for a Department of

Materials at UCSB, Feb 1986, pg. 64

UCSB has probably the highest concentration of former Bell Labs

employees as current or former faculty:

“Bell Labs West”

Fred Wudl

John Bowers

Art Gossard

Pierre Petroff

Joe Zasadzinski

Dale Pearson

Glenn Fredrickson

Larry Coldren

Kwang-Ting Cheng

Evelyn Hu

Jim Allen

Mark Rodwell

John Shynk

Sanjit Mitra

Tom Soh

Haitao Zheng

Lawrence Rabiner

…

Bell Labs, 600 Mountain Ave., Murray Hill, NJ, 07974

COE alone:

New faculty were given joint appointments between the Materials Dept. and existing Depts. in COE and MLPS: Inter-disciplinary research is the norm

Good for you is good for me

Ideal platform for training students

Breaking Down Departmental Barriers

UCSB Materials today

Existing Departments in COE and MLPS derived a significant benefit from

the infusion of world-class faculty jointly appointed with Materials

Case in point: Chemical Engineering

Strengthening Other Departments

Materials Related Chemical (& Nuclear) Engineering Appointments (1970-2000)

Bob Odette (1970, structure materials/nuclear)

Gene Lucas (1978, structural materials/nuclear)

Phillip Pincus (1985, complex fluids theory, Exxon)

Fred Lange (1986, ceramic processing, Rockwell)

Joe Zasadzinski (1986, complex fluids microscopy, Bell Labs)

Jacob Israelachvili (1986, colloids & surfaces, ANU)

Paul Smith (1987, polymer processing, DSM & DuPont)

Dale Pearson (1987, polymer rheology, Exxon & Bell Labs)

Gary Leal (1989, fluids and polymers, Caltech)

Henry Weinberg (1989, surf. sci. & electronic matls., Caltech)

Glenn Fredrickson (1990, polymer theory, Bell Labs)

Brad Chmelka (1990, inorganic materials, UC Berkeley, Unocal)

Eray Aydil (1993, electronic materials processing, U. Minnesota)

Dmitri Maroudas (1994, computational materials, MIT)

David Pine (1995, soft condensed matter, Exxon)

Edward Kramer (1997, experimental polymer physics, Cornell)

Matthew Tirrell (1999, biopolymer interfaces, U. Minnesota)

1982 NRC Study – UCSB ChE not rated

1995 NRC Study – UCSB ChE #14

2011 NRC Study – UCSB ChE #2

Maturation (1990-2000)

Venky Narayanamurti Dean, COE 1992-1998

CNSI Building ~10,000 ft2

Microscopy and Microanalysis

X-Ray

Spectroscopy

EII MBE

Materials Processing

MOCVD

Mechanical Testing

ESB ~10,000 ft2

Nanofab

MRL Polymer Characterization

X-Ray

Chemistry

Shared Facilities

Starting with Mehrabian and Evans, and fully developed in the 1990s, UCSB pioneered the development of open-access user facilities for materials characterization Today, nearly all new pieces of major equipment are placed in such facilities Benefits include: • Broad range of instrumentation • Shared/leveraged costs • Professional staff to train users and maintain equipment • Facilitate collaborations across UCSB, with other

universities and industry

Facility Faculty Supervisor Development Engineer TEMPO: Ram Seshadri Joe Doyle (formerly Chemistry)

Computation: Frank Brown Paul Weakliem, Jeffrey J. Barteet (joint with CNSI) Glenn Fredrickson Linda Hall Microscopy James Speck Dr. Jan Lofvander and Microanalysis: (Committee Chair) Dr. Tom Mates Dr. Stefan Kraemer Mark Cornish Spectroscopy Song-I Han Dr. Jerry Hu

Nicole Holstrom Polymer Characterization: Craig Hawker Dr. K. Brzezinska X-Ray Diffraction: Cyrus Safinya Dr. Youli Li

Morito Divinagracia

MRL Administered Facilities

Facility # of Users Research

Groups

Recharged

Hours (2009)

TEMPO 159 41 10,085

Computation 40 6 -

Microscopy >289 53 12268

Polymer 187 34 3592

Spectroscopy 161 39 18542

X-Ray 348 54 9076

User Departments (>12):

ECE, Chem. Engr., Materials, Mech. Engr., Biology, Chemistry,

Geology, Marine Sci., Physics, CNSI, Environmental Sci., …

MRL Facilities Use 2009

These facilities enable a spectacular range of materials science across UCSB

MRL Facilities – External Users – 2008

Start-ups and Small Companies

Advantageous Systems

Aerius Photonics

Allergan

Amberwave

Amgen

Asylum

Automate

Beckman Coulter

BioRad Labs

Camet Labs

C Brite

Catalytic Solutions

CREE

Dupont Displays

FLIR-Indigo Systems

Freedom Photonics

General Motors

GRT, Inc

Honeywell

Inlustra

Innovative Micro Tech (IMT)

Integrated Optoelectronics (Norway)

International Radiation Detectors

Universities

Auburn

Cal State - CI

CalTech

Cornell

Florida International

Harvard

Kansas State

Oakland University, Rochester, MI

Stanford University

UC Irvine

UCLA

UC Riverside

UC San Diego

UC Santa Cruz

University of Michigan

University of Wisconsin

University of Southern California

Kaai

Lawrence Berkeley Labs

L3-Infrared

Launchpoint Tech.

Lockheed-Martin

(SB Focal Plane)

MC-RIC

Nusil

Raytheon

Sirigen

SixPoint Materials

Skyworks Inc

Smiths Detection

Soraa

Teledyne

Thin Silicon

Toyota (USA)

TransphormUSA

Veeco

ZPower

External Users of MRL Facilities

Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) NSF-funded Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (MRSEC)

Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM) Solid State Lighting and Energy Center (SSLEC) California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) International Center for Materials Research (ICMR) Center for Multifunctional Materials and Structures Center for Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM) … and many more

Multidisciplinary Research Centers

The inter/multi-disciplinary structure of UCSB’s materials enterprise, coupled with outstanding leadership, spawned a broad range of centers in the decades following 1990

Materials Research Laboratory Director – Craig J. Hawker

Associate Director – Ram Seshadri

A National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)

MRL Building Opening, March 1997

MRL: A Hub of Materials Excellence

IRG-1

IRG-4

IRG-5

IRG-2

IRG-3

MRL

Characterization

Education Facilities

Synthesis

Seeds

Highest Quality

Research

Infrastructure

and Community

History of the MRL

• Created in 1992 from a proposal led by Tony Evans. Tony Cheetham assumed the Directorship – 3 IRGs, $2.1M/yr from NSF

• Renewed in 1996 – 4 IRGs, $3.0M/yr from NSF

• Moved into dedicated 14,000ft2 MRL building 1996

• Renewed in 2000 – 4 IRGs, $3.3M/yr from NSF

• Renewed in 2005, Craig Hawker becomes Director – 4 IRGs, $3.4M/yr from NSF

• Building expansion of 7,000ft2 completed by leveraging MC-CAM IC recovery

H+

GRAND CHALLENGE

"To Understand the Structure – Property Relationship

between Synthetic, Biomimetic or Biological Building

Blocks and Complex Functional Materials formed via

Dynamic and Reversible Interactions”

Functional materials via reversible interactions

MRL Achievements from 10/2005-02/2009

Science Output – High Impact, Visibility and Influence

Publications

* 426 publications

* 102 Full + 133 Partial Support

* 191 Facilities Usage

* over 150 have 2 or more MRSEC PI’s

* 58 articles in Science, Nature,

Phys. Rev. Lett., and J. Am. Chem. Soc.

* 2nd Most-Cited U.S. Institution (after MIT)

in Materials Science, 1996-2006

Education Outreach Programs at the MRL

Fiona Goodchild received the 2002 Presidential Award for

excellence in Science, Mathematics & Engineering Mentoring

* 174 undergraduate students

* 103 Ph.D. students

* 83 post-doctoral scholars

* 23 RET teachers (160 other teachers)

* Over 100 visitors

MRL Workshop Series

MRL Summer Symposium

MRL Travel Fellowships (20-25 per year)

Joint MRL/Materials Colloquium Series

WIRED Magazine: RISE program as one of

"10 stellar research internships" for undergrads http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/02/researchexperie.html

Dr. Dotty Pak, Education Director

Technology Outreach Program Annual Materials Research Outreach Program (MROP)

We have just held the 11th meeting in this series

Fellowships sponsored by Industry/Foundations

CSP Technologies, Air Products, Dow Chemical, others

Complex Fluids Design Consortium

An academic-industrial-national lab partnership

DOW-UCSB Competition for Young Entrepreneurs

Business planning and venture program

MRL Enables Other Programs

MRL Building - 100% financed by indirect cost recovery

- Incubator for new programs

- Staff leveraged across multiple programs

Partnerships Leverage

Glenn Fredrickson, Director MC-CAM

The Mitsubishi Chemical – UCSB Alliance: A Model Research Partnership in

Advanced Materials

O O

n m

56.3%

100%

100%

100%

MCHC Group Organization

Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings

（MCHC）

Mitsubishi Chemical (MCC)

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma （MTPC）

Mitsubishi Plastics（MPI）

Mitsubishi Rayon（MRC）

Net Sales ¥3.2 trillion

4th Largest Chemical Company in the World

Recording

Medium Electronics

Information Related Products

Inorganic Chemicals

Food Ingredients

Battery Materials

Fine Chemicals

Plastic Molding

Products

Composite

Products

Fundamental

Chemicals

Chemicals Carbon Products

Plastics

Pharmaceutical

Ingredients

and intermediate

Clinical

Testing

Diagnostics

Products

Medicine

Health Care

Chemicals

Performance Products

Electronics Applications

Designed Materials

Chemicals、Polymers

Health Care

MCHC Business Areas

Synthetic Fiber

Raw Materials

A Unique Research Partnership

Mitsubishi Chemical – Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM), an international center of excellence in functional materials MCC taps into the broad

interdisciplinary materials expertise at UCSB

UCSB researchers participate in creating new materials for applications in energy, displays, lighting, …

MC-CAM commenced in 2001 2nd generation 2006-2010 3rd generation 2010-2014

Why Did MCC Choose UCSB?

A diverse set of faculty in materials research (~60 PIs) with a superb record in interdisciplinary research and many with industrial experience

An administration and technology/industry alliances office that was supportive in crafting an agreement that was win-win for MCC and UCSB:

Flexible IP terms

Indirect cost of grant returned to build space for MC-CAM

Shared equipment and staff with MRL

These motivations are even more evident today!

MC-CAM Administrative Structure

Larry Coldren, Acting

Dean of Engineering

MC-CAM

Governing Board

6 members

MC-CAM

Steering Committee

10 members

Glenn Fredrickson

Director

Tomohisa Nakamura

Associate Director

Craig Hawker

Director of Materials

Research Lab

MRL

MC-CAM

Research programs MRL

Research Programs MC-CAM

Leverage staff,

space, equipment

with MRL

Character of Research Projects

Project co-leaders from UCSB and MCC MCC research partners are very

involved! 2 employees of Mitsubishi

Chemical America on campus

Researchers from at least 2 disciplines

Scientific novelty Clear connection with a potential

product Involve the design of new

functional materials, devices, or fabrication technologies

MC-CAM Project Statistics: 2001-2005

Breakdown of Researchers & Faculty in MC-CAM

Project Areas

Dept Res. Faculty

Chemistry 33 7

Chem. Engr.

13 6

Materials 16 7

Physics 9 2

Area No.

Polymers & hybrids 7

Nanocomposites 2

Organic electronics & Phosphors

13

Fullerenes 3

Battery & fuel cells 7

MC-CAM Research:

World-class science and engineering

• Organic white PLED fabricated by wet coating – Worlds best luminescent intensity

• Fuel Cell proton exchange membrane – Meeting DOE target

• III-V nano particle – Highest quantum efficiency

• Organic two photon absorption dye – Highest TPA cross section

• Functional polyolefins – First all polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer

• Phosphors – New important families of R,G,B,Y – White LED independent of Nichia patents

• Fullerene Derivatives – Enhanced solubility and functionality to add value

• LED encapsulants – Thermal & uv stability, adhesion, and

transparency

cathode

ETL

EML

HIL

glass

ITO

HTL

O O

n m

MC-CAM Publications & Presentations

98 publications to date in prestigious journals including Advanced Materials Proc. NAS Advanced Functional Mater. J. Appl. Phys. Nanoletters J. Am. Chem. Soc. Chem. Mater. Synth. Metals Langmuir Macromolecules Angew. Chemie Phys. Rev. Lett. …

86 presentations & posters to date

IRP-1: Bazan, Shimizu

Patent Activity

67 patent disclosures to UCSB to date 19 joint UCSB/(MCC or MC-RIC) applications 21 US Patents issued/2 pending 64 options elected 12 licenses under discussion 5 patents dropped by MCC, licensed to others (~$45K

returned in patent costs)

67 patents/98 papers is a very large ratio for a university research program!

Research Efficiency in Innovation

Research Institution Average1 $3.2M expended per invention disclosure UCSB 2009: $1.8M Caltech 2009: $0.9M MIT 2009: $2.7M

Tech Company Rule of Thumb2 $500K expended per invention disclosure

MC-CAM 2008: $231K expended per invention disclosure 2009: $273K Since program inception: $260K/disclosure

1. Average from 2009 AUTM licensing survey 2. The Economist, October 22, 2005

MC-CAM is more productive than all comparison groups!

Ongoing Challenges

Maintaining clear channels of communication

Managing expectations of UCSB faculty and MCC scientists and management

Project timescales

Involvement of MCC in research

Basic versus applied

Keeping UCSB faculty and researchers focused on IP considerations and release procedures

Balancing UCSB’s research and educational missions

Recognition (2000-2010)

Matt Tirrell Dean, COE 1999-2009

UCSB Materials Department: Honors and Recognition

Notable faculty distinctions

2 Nobel Laureates

1 Millennium Prize Winner

3 Members of the National Academy of Sciences

8 Members of the National Academy of Engineering

2 Fellows of the Royal Society

2 Members American Academy of Arts and Sciences

9 ISI Highly Cited Researchers

Independent rankings

NRC US Departmental Rankings (2010): #1

Times Higher Education Worldwide (1999-2009): #3

Essential Indicators: #2 citations/paper (1996-2006)

Chronicle of Higher Education #1 (2006); #4 (2007)

US News & World Report: #4 in US (2009)

46 UC Santa Barbara: World-Renowned Science in a Beautiful Setting

Alan Heeger

Nobel Laureate

Chemistry 2000

Herb Kroemer

Nobel Laureate

Physics 2000

Shuji Nakamura

Millennium

Technology Prize

2006

Triblock Copolymer Syntheses of Mesoporous Silica with Periodic 50 to 300 Å Pores

Zhao DY, Feng JL, Huo QS, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD Science 279, 548-552 (1998)

Cited 4027 times

Open-framework inorganic materials Cheetham AK, Férey G, Loiseau T Angew. Chem., Intl Ed. 38, 3268/9-3292 (1999)

Cited 1577 times

Polymer photovoltaic cells-enhanced efficiencies via a

network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions

Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen JC, Wudl F, Heeger AJ

Science 270, 1789-1791 (1995)

Cited 2718 times

High Impact Publications – MRL

Former MRL Researchers

Prof. Barbara Albert, 1995-1996 (Univ. Hamburg)

Prof. Angie Belcher, 1992-1999 (MIT)

Prof. Branton Campbell, 1995-1999 (Brigham Young)

Prof. Effie Kokkoli, 1999-2001 (Minnesota)

Prof. Tonya Kuhl, 1992-2000 (UC Davis)

Dr. Gerhard Theurich, NASA Center for Comp. Sciences

Prof. Michael McGehee, 1994-1999 (Stanford)

Prof. Russell Morris, 1992-1995 (St. Andrew’s Univ.)

Prof. Ferdi Schüth, 1995-1998, Director, MPI für

Kohlenforschung

Prof. Andrea Liu, 1993-1996 (U. Penn)

Prof. Peidong Yang, 1997-1999 (UC Berkeley)

Prof. Venkat Ganesan, 1999-2001 (U. Texas)

Angela Belcher

MRL graduate student,

now Professor at MIT and

internationally prominent

research leader.

Our greatest product is people

Funding Growth

The remarkable growth in the UCSB materials enterprise after 1980

is paralleled in COE research funding

1980 – COE received 5% of campus funding

1990 through 2010 – COE received ~35% of campus funding

0

50000000

100000000

150000000

200000000

250000000

1980 1990 2000 2010

Campus

COE

$

Nucleation of new areas by cluster hires of world-class senior faculty

Building strength by hiring “once in an advisor’s career” junior faculty, irrespective of area

Institutional endorsement of the highest hiring standards – allowing searches to be extended until the ideal candidate is found

Closing Remarks

To rise to the top, one must hire better than all competitors

Great faculty attract great students who do great things

UCSB’s remarkable success in materials also relied on:

Robert Mehrabian, Herb Kroemer

Peter Allen, Chris Lavino, Meredith Murr, Sandy Morris, Lisa Oshins

Jim Speck, Gui Bazan, Craig Hawker, Mike Witherell, Carlos Levi, Matt Tirrell, Larry Coldren, Bob Odette, Ray Sawyer

Acknowledgements

Nancy Diamond, New Models of Excellence: Rising

Research Universities in the Postwar Era, 1945-1990, PhD

Thesis, Department of Philosophy, UCSB, 2000