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Div. of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA) Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus
transformations in WWTPs
Dr Ulf Jeppsson
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
Acknowledgements To all co-authors:
– Dr Xavier Flores-Alsina, Technical University of Denmark
– Dr David Ikumi, Univ. of Cape Town, South Africa
– Christian Kazadi-Mbamba, Univ. of Queensland, Australia
– Kimberly Solon, Lund University, Sweden
– Dr Stephan Tait, University of Queensland, Australia
– Chris Brouckaert, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
– Dr George Ekama, Univ. of Cape Town, South Africa
– Dr Damien Batstone, University of Queensland, Australia
– Dr Krist Gernaey, Technical University of Denmark
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Outline
§ Introduction § Methodology
§ New and upgraded models § Model integration § Additional BSM modifications
§ Results § Discussion § Conclusions § Perspectives
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Introduction
§ BSM work started as part of an EU COST action in 1997 § IWA Task Group on Benchmarking of Control Strategies
for WWTPs initiated in 2005 § Today finalized versions of BSM1, BSM1_LT, BSM2, the
influent wastewater generator model, ADM1 with PCM and more – available for free
§ IWA Scientific & Technical Report no. 23 (2014) § 500+ publications related to BSM § Many ongoing BSM extension (GHG, P, S, X, PCM etc)
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Benchmark Simulation Models
Effluent Quality Index Operational Cost Index Risk Index
C, N removal
C, N, P removal
BSM1 BSM1_LT BSM2 BSM2-P
Schematic representation of the BSM2 plant (Gernaey et al., 2014).
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
New/upgraded bio(chemical) models Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d)
§ biomass decay rate are electron-acceptor dependent
§ inorganic suspended solids added (XTSS) § chemical precipitation replaced
Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) § with bio-P (Ikumi et al., 2014) § XC is omitted –> towards ADM2 § hydrolysis parameters are adjusted
Physico-chemical Model (PCM) § pH model (Batstone et al., 2012;
Flores-Alsina et al., 2015)) § ion speciation/pairing model (Solon
et al., 2015) § precipitation model (Kazadi-
Mbamba et al., 2014)
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Model integration Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d)
Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1)
Physico-chemical Model (PCM)
ASM – PCM interface
ADM – PCM interface
ASM – ADM interface
using continuity-based interfacing models (Vanrolleghem et al., 2005)
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
New influent characteristics
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 75
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
t (days)
PO4 -3
Influent Generator
also reasonable dynamics of all anions and cations included
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
New BSM2-P plant layout
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
New/extended evaluation criteria
EQI Effluent Quality Index
OCI Operational Cost Index
§ include phosphorus-related compounds
§ account for use of chemicals and their impact on sludge production
§ benefit of nutrient recovery (e.g. struvite)
Risk Index § include P, S, pH - related issues (not done)
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Results
addition of Mg
addition of carbon source
manipulation of internal recycle
flow rate
Preliminary results of the BSM2-P prototype (steady state)
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(a)
scen
ario
1
g m
-3
TKNSNO3TN
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1
2
3
4
5
addition of Mg (kg day-1)(b)
g m
-3
TPSIP
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(c)
scen
ario
2
g m
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
1
2
3
4
5
addition of acetate (m3 day-1)(d)
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(e)
scen
ario
3
g m
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
internal recycle (Qintr/Qr)(f)
g m
-3
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Discussion
Modelling requirements to realistically describe P
§ Compositional analysis § Weak acid-base chemistry, pH estimation § Numerical issues to solve (for PCM) § Multiple mineral precipitation modelling
Development of control strategies to recover
N and P
§ Plant layout modifications § Nutrient recovery processes § Sulfur and iron interactions § Agreement on evaluation criteria
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Conclusions Simultaneous C, N and P descriptions require substantial model (ASM, ADM and PCM) modifications/upgrades
Special attention must be placed on model interfacing, particularly regarding to ASM-ADM-ASM and both ASM-ADM with PCM
Plant-wide P removal requires definition of state variable empirical formulas plus elemental and COD and charge continuity checking
As far as overall P removal is concerned, metallic ions and pH in the AD play an important role
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Perspectives
§ BSM2-P free software available this year (Matlab) § ADM1 model extended with ion pairing, speciation and
activities available for download § Recovery processes should be added to plant layout
§ Processes related to sulfur need to be included
§ More collaboration between groups on plant-wide/system-wide model development needed
§ Integration of C, N, P, S, X, GHG, PCM, precipitation?
§ Towards BSM3 – catchment, sewer, plant, recipient
§ IWA Working Group a suitable platform for collaboration?
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Watermatex2015, June 14-17, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia
© Dr Ulf Jeppsson, 2015 Lund University, Sweden
A Benchmark Simulation Model to describe plant-wide phosphorus transformations in WWTPs
Thank You for Your Attention!
Questions and comments?
(more BSM info at www.benchmarkwwtp.org) Financially supported by: EU projects PROTEUS (329349) and SANITAS (289193)