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TERMS OF REFERENCE
CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PARTICIPATORY SANITATION MASTER PLANS WITH TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BIDDING DOCUMENTS FOR SIX CITIES IN
ANGOLA, IN LINE WITH THE CITYWIDE APPROACH
REF: 86CS5/UCP/19
A. Background
Project Background1. The Government of the Republic of Angola (GoA) has received financing from the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and French Agency of Development (AFD) towards the cost of the Second Water Sector Institutional Development Project (WSIDP-2), whose objective is to strengthen the institutional capacity and efficiency of the Angolan’s agencies in the water sector in order to improve access to water service delivery. The project is being implemented by the Ministry of Energy and Water and will finance the following five components:
i. Water Supply Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development: This component will strengthen the institutional framework for the water and sanitation sector, as well as to build capacities at the recipient agencies, at the national and provincial levels.
ii. Water Resources Management: This component will support the strengthening of the institutional framework for the water resources management subsector.
iii. Rehabilitation and Expansion of Water Supply Production and Distribution Facilities: This component will support the targeted Provincial Water and Sanitation Utilities (PWSU) in the development of priority infrastructure to expand system capacity, increase service coverage and quality, and improve the operating efficiency of the production and distribution system. Through this component, PWSU´s will expand their customer base and will achieve the critical mass required to manage and operate the system.
iv. Management and Engineering Support: This component will provide management and engineering support through goods and technical assistance to the various agencies of MINEA to support project and other investments in the water sector.
v. Piloting Small-Scale Sanitation Service Delivery in Peri-Urban Areas: This component will support the national and provincial agencies in planning for the necessary institutional, policy and regulatory changes that will be required in order to carry out their mandates for sanitation. Under this component, infrastructure improvements will be implemented in select peri-urban areas to provide the PWSU(s), who are responsible for both water supply and sanitation, with an opportunity to pilot onsite sanitation service delivery.
2. A Financial and Contract Management Unit (FCMU-WB/AFD) is established at the Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA). The FCMU-WB/AFD is responsible for monitoring, managing, and controlling the implementation of World Bank (WB) and AFD financed projects, namely the WSIDP-2 project. The FCMU-WB/AFD is managed by a Project Director.
3. The FCMU-WB/AFD is now looking to hire a consultancy firm to develop Preparation of Participatory Sanitation Master Plans With Technical Specifications For Bidding Documents For Six Cities, In Line with the Citywide Approach.
Background on and Key Issues in the six cities4. This activity will take place in six secondary cities of Angola: N’Dalatando, capital of Cuanza Norte Province, Luena capital of Moxico province, Kuito capital of Bié province, Huambo, capital of Huambo province, Dundo, capital of Lunda Norte province and Moçamedes, capital of Namibe province (formerly named Namibe). The average annual urban growth rate in Angola is 5.0 percent, though the exact urban growth rates of these cities may vary. Annex 1 provides some additional information on existing water supply and sanitation services in these cities.
5. For the case of N’Dalatando, Kuito and Huambo, there is an existing Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Utility (PWSU) headquartered in each of these cities. These PWSUs have been in existence for one to four years and have been receiving support through the ongoing World Bank-financed, Government of Angola WSIDP Project and a related follow on project, WSIDP-2. The PWSUs are mandated to provide water supply and sanitation services (specifically focusing on liquid waste management) within these cities. Dundo, Luena and Moçamedes don’t have been receiving support through the World Bank-financed, Government of Angola WSIDP Project. The provincial governments previously had responsibility for sanitation and continue to have responsibility for urban drainage and solid waste management. The master plans will focus on liquid waste management, with consideration of drainage and solid waste management, as necessary.
Previous Studies and Existing Master Plans6. Each of the cities has an existing sanitation master plan. However, these master plans only focus on sewered sanitation covering a small portion of the center of the city. Given recent urban growth trends, particularly the growing peri-urban areas, there is a need to update these plans to
consider sanitation services for all urban residents.
B. Proposed Assignment
Objectives 7. The objective of this consultancy is to develop a comprehensive sanitation master plan, with strategic action plan, at the cities of N’Dalatando, Luena, Kuito, Huambo, Dundo and Moçamedes, using participatory processes. These master plans and strategic action plans are to be developed in line with the Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Approach.1 In line with this approach, sanitation is to be approached as a service to be delivered, with technical solutions considering the full sanitation service chain – i.e., household containment, collection, conveyance, treatment and safe disposal – for all residents of a city. The approach further ensures focus on: (i) embedding sanitation within the framework of good urban governance and municipal services provision; (ii) establishing clear roles and responsibilities, with accountability and transparency, and robust service delivery management; (iii) delivering ‘safe management’ through the sanitation chain – for both onsite sanitation and sewers – to ensure separation of fecal contamination from people across the whole city; (iv) services rather than technologies – allowing for diversity of solutions and approaches; (v) basing decisions on capital and operational budgets (always planning for operation and maintenance); and (vi) facilitating progressive realization, building on what is already in place.
8. The scope of work involves the following:
(a) Assessing the current sanitation service provision in the cities, considering technical, financial, institutional, legal/regulatory and social aspects, including KAP Study2;
(b) Assessing strategic options for improving sanitation (on-site and sewered) services in the cities, including Community Actions Plans and Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Plan3;
(c) Developing a master plan, with strategic action plan, including appropriate institutional framework, financial and business arrangements, regulatory framework, customer-oriented programs, and infrastructure solutions covering on-site and sewered sanitation, including wastewater/fecal sludge collection, treatment and disposal;
(d) Drafting inputs for bidding documents for priority works in each city;
(e) Developing a strategic action plan for any required national institutional, regulatory, or financial reforms;
(f) Providing support for consensus building around the strategy, institutional framework and action plan.
9. A comprehensive strategic action plan for sanitation will be developed covering the entire city area, plus additional areas identified under any existing Master Plan or likely to be amalgamated with the city in the future. The plan should include activities to be taken in the short, medium and long term to prioritize and phase investments/implementation. It is expected that the consultant who will be employed for this study will consider all factors that impact sanitation interventions
1 Annex 2 includes additional information on the Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Approach.2 KAP Study: Knowledge’s, Aptitudes and Practices Study, see Annex 8 for additional information3 see Annex 8 for additional information
while developing the proposed plan, including but not limited to the technical, financial, institutional, regulatory, social, and land use of the study area.
C: Detailed Scope of Services
10. The following scope of services details what will need to be undertaken in each of the cities.
11. The work will include three main tasks:
(a) Assessment of existing conditions for sanitation, drainage and solid waste management, and assessment of Knowledge’s, Aptitudes and Practices (KAP) of the population related to sanitation;
(b) Development, through a participatory process, of the master plan, and associated strategic action plan for each city (including Behavior Change Communication Plan) and a single strategic action plan for any sector reforms linked to the city-level plans;
(c) Technical specifications for bidding documents for prioritized, high social impact interventions.
For the assessment, master plan and strategic action plan, institutional, regulatory/legal, financial, technical and social aspects will need to be incorporated. Additionally, as further detailed in the following task descriptions, the assessment and development of the master plan will need to be done in a participatory manner, ensuring sufficient engagement at key stages with households, provincial water and sanitation utilities (PWSUs), provincial and municipal government, community authorities (sobas, leaders, etc.), local NGOs, local civil society, etc. The strategic action plan will be used to determine the priority, high social impact interventions for which technical specifications for bidding documents will need to be developed.
The action plan and the deliverables plan are subject to the intervention of two teams to work in parallel, three cities for each team. The consulting firm, in its technical proposal, should adapt the plans to an intervention strategy based on geography and access to the cities.
Task 1 – Assessment of Existing Conditions/Situation
12. Specific activities to be undertaken under this task include a situation assessment and identification of information gaps. These tasks will involve collection and analysis of secondary information, site visits to assess conditions in representative areas, interviews/focus groups with key informants and city residents, and households’ surveys. The aim at this stage is to develop an overall understanding of existing sanitation conditions and the factors that influence them.
13. The consultant is expected to:
(a) Review all relevant documents at national, provincial, municipal and utility levels (including documents published by the Government, NGOs, bilateral aid organizations, and other relevant entities)4;
(b) Conduct sample surveys consisting of households and public and private establishments who
4 A partial list of documents to review is provided in Annex 3.
use and/or require sanitation services to understand their current sanitation services (across the full service chain), the costs associated with the services, the types of improvements they would like to see, etc.;5
(c) Conduct the KAP Study.
(d) Undertake key informants interview with officials and staffs of municipal administration, health officials, education and urban development officials, youth groups to further understand sanitation service coverage in public as well as private spaces and to understand the needs (for related to sanitation) of different community groups;
(e) Undertake key informant interviews with existing private sector sanitation service providers (e.g., vacuum truck emptiers, manual emptiers, contractors who design and build latrines and septic tanks);
(f) Conduct focus group discussions with marginalized groups (poor women, people with disabilities, widows, the elderly, etc.);
(g) Carry out field visits to verify/ground truth information provided from secondary sources.
14. Secondary information6 to be collected and reviewed should include but not be limited to:
Copies of any existing plans and proposals for urban development, water supply and sanitation;
Information on population, including census data; Information on climate, particularly on rainfall and temperature, and how these are
projected to change in the coming years; Information on water production, distribution, extent of coverage, service standards
(hours of supply and per capita water supply), charges for water supply; Information on sanitation and wastewater services (further detailed below); Information on solid waste collection services (further detailed below); and Information on drainage (further detailed below). Information on previous studies on Knowledge’s, Aptitudes and Practices. Information on previous project reports on sanitation (including CTLS7).
15. To structure site visits and provide a context for information collected during those site visits, the Consultant should collect and analyze information on the physical structure and development trends of the city, including:
Providing maps of all geographical areas served by the utility using google earth or other satellite imaging services.
o Approximating demarcation of the present physical development boundary.
5 Household surveys should cover all relevant parts of the city, and the total number of surveys should be 150*(1+city population in hundreds of thousands). The surveys should be divided between different parts of the city, based on relative population, ensuring that each neighborhood includes at least 25 surveys. 6 Where there is doubt about either the reliability or accuracy of information, the Consultant should explore options for cross-checking with information from other sources and/or information calculated in a different way.
7 CTLS – Community Total Led Sanitation, has been widely develop in Angola since 1998.
Demarcating areas occupied by different types of development on a plan or satellite image of the town. The base map used to demarcate areas does not have to be to scale but it should be sufficiently accurate to allow approximate calculation of the sizes of the demarcated areas.
o Developing a system for categorizing types of development, taking account of land use, (primarily residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, etc.), housing density, tenure status, typical house construction and formal/informal status.
Assessing past and likely future growth trends, based on comparison of existing and historical information on the extent, form and density of development. Analysis of the existing locations and sizes of different categories of development should be used to predict the type of development that will occur in future growth areas.
Mapping of existing public taps/water kiosks, large/small scale providers, existing public toilets/latrines, etc.
Mapping the existing and planned public water supply and sewerage networks.
Existing Institutional, Legal/Regulatory and Financial Situations
16. To understand existing institutional, legal/regulatory and financial issues related to sanitation, the following topics should be explored and incorporated into the situation assessment.
For the sanitation sector for the country: Assess the current regulatory framework (for economic, environmental and public health legislation, and construction standards), to identify:
a. current institutional responsibility and oversight agencies;b. existing regulations and the extent to which regulations are enforced;
and c. apparent gaps, constraints and issues in the current sanitation service
delivery system; For each city, an assessment of existing institutions, covering roles, responsibilities and
capacities. This should not be limited to formal institutions but should also explore the role played by households, community organization and informal service providers.
a. Identify roles and responsibilities for different stakeholders and service providers (e.g., government agencies, private sector, NGOs, CBOs, etc.), related to the links in the service chains appropriate to each type of service. For example, which agency is responsible for collection and conveyance of faecal sludge, which agency is responsible for treatment? Identify steps in the service chain where there are gaps in responsibilities or overlapping/conflicting responsibilities.
b. Assess the capacity of the private sector involved in sanitation, with a focus on its institutional structure and human resources capacity, considering both the current sanitation service system and any envisioned upgrades, extensions, and/or changes to the existing delivery system;
c. Explore options for how to structure the utility’s staffing for sanitation service
delivery to ensure optimized delivery and oversite for both sewered and onsite solutions (considering options for private sector engagement with oversite by the utility or other government entity). To complement this assessment, perform a preliminary assessment of the capacity needs for the utility to deliver sanitation services.
For each city, an assessment of financial resources and systems, including PWSU budgets. Through this, a clear idea on related expenditure by the government and by households and businesses should be provided.
a. Describe the existing financial framework for sanitation service delivery (along the full service chain) in the project areas, including capital and operation costs (CAPEX and OPEX), cost recovery mechanisms, payment systems (how, who, frequency, financial management), current costs faced by households (split by what fees they face for CAPEX/OPEX for each stage of the service chain), customers’ ability to pay8, enforcement of payment;
b. Assess the financial state and management capacity of the PWSU, including balance sheet and cash flow statements, and existing loan repayments;
c. Analyze major constraints to the financial sustainability and the degree of operational subsidies from the local government;
d. Assess private investors and commercial banks (including microfinance entities) willingness and ability to invest within the sanitation sector, and the conditions for investment (e.g., payback period, return on investment, risk management, client acceptability, revenue source acceptability, economies of scale);
e. Identify apparent gaps, constraints, and issues with the existing financial framework for sanitation service delivery (including cost recovery mechanisms, systems of payment, management of payment, ability to pay, enforcement of payment, types of investors, use of revolving funds);
f. Explore and summarize a range of possible financing models (including PPPs and municipal bonds) that may be appropriate for financing CAPEX and OPEX for the full sanitation service chain.
Existing Sanitation Situation
17. To gain an understanding of existing water supply and sanitation services, the Consultant should assess water supply services in two or more areas representative of each of the development categories previously identified.9 The aim should be to develop a general understanding of the following for each city:
The level of service provided by the water supply to each type of area. For example: Where is water available (public taps, yard taps, in-house taps etc), are there pressure problems, is any information available on per-capita use? What type of variations in service level exist between similar areas?
8 In contexts where households are currently paying for services, ability to pay may be estimated by comparing to current payments. If households do not currently pay for service provision, other estimates may be used, as appropriate given the local context.9 As an alternative or parallel approach, the Consultant may choose to use the Urban Sanitation Status Index, which provides a methodology for assessing current sanitation service coverage within different parts of a city.
Evaluate the technical aspects of the existing sanitation (both fecal sludge and waste water) service chain, considering all relevant aspects. Annex 4 includes detailed examples of the types of information to be collected;
Estimate present day and projected quantity10 and quality of sludge11 and wastewater along the sanitation service chain (considering both sludge and wastewater from domestic and institutional/industrial sources), establishing the proportion of which is being safely managed, find a method for visually displaying this information (see Annex 5);
Assess the technical gaps, constraints and needs within the existing sanitation service delivery system;
Carry out a review of sanitation technology pilots that have been previously tried and tested and provide a review of their successes/lesson learned from failures;
Assess the demand for the treated/untreated end products (including water, solids, and energy recovery) from fecal sludge (FS) and wastewater treatment, specifying at what part of chain the products are demanded and whether the products are safe for their demanded end use. Identify gaps, constraints and issues with the current and proposed end use plans;
Review the hydrogeological, meteorological, and topographical situation in the defined area and assess how the situation may influence the type of sanitation service delivery/technologies that can be provided,12 and perform an initial identification of environmental risks that will need to be mitigated
Quantify and map current open defecation practices (i.e., what number/percentage of households practice open defecation and where in the city does it occur);
Summarize existing handwashing norms in the city and the existence (or absence) of handwashing stations at the household level, schools, hospitals and care centers, and near public toilet facilities;
Assess customer satisfaction with the existing sanitation service delivery options; Summarize existing material used for sanitation marketing, behavior change
communication on water & sanitation and hygiene promotion, including who developed the material, how successful the promotion was, and any lessons learned.
Explore household willingness and interest in shared sanitation options, including sharing with neighboring household and communal facilities available to large clusters/neighbors.
Actual level of social and individual Practices in Sanitation and Health Prevention
18. To gain an understanding of actual level of social and individual practices in Sanitation and Health Prevention, the Consultant carry out a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP)
10 Quantity of sludge can be calculated based on existing sludge collection rates; sludge accumulation rates in pits/tanks; or by estimating what volume of emptied sludge could be transported to a treatment site (taking account of the fact that not all sludge can easily be emptied from a given pit). It is recommended that estimates ultimately be based on amount of sludge that will reach a treatment plant.11 Relevant sludge characteristics will vary based on source of sludge and types of treatment/reuse consider. Possible relevant characteristics include, but are not limited to: BOD, COD, VSS/TSS, pathogens/indicators (e.g., E. coli, helminths), heavy metals, nutrients (e.g., N, P, K), sludge volume index.12 Include examples of how the topography status (such as rocky, steep slopes, flood plains, high water table, households living above waterways, etc.) and the meteorology could influence the sanitation choices, as this may not otherwise be clear.
Study at every city, as part of the assessment of existing conditions.The KAP study will aim (but not limited to):
Measure the level of knowledge of population (particularly of some specific groups, head of household, women in charge of children, children in school age, caregivers, etc.) about sanitation;
Determine the sanitation practices of population in the target area (particularly of some specific groups, head of household, women in charge of children, children in school age, caregivers, etc.), the motivations of their practices and the barriers to sustain good practices;
Determine the hygiene practices (hand washing, WC and latrines hygiene) of population in the target area (particularly of some specific groups, head of household, women in charge of children, children in school age, caregivers, etc.) the motivations of their practices and the barriers to sustain good practices;
Identify the impacts of sanitation & hygiene practices in their health and lifestyle; Identify knowledge gaps, social norms, cultural beliefs or behavioral patterns, structural
factors that create barriers to sanitation & hygiene good practices (e.g. using the latrine/WC, hand washing with soap in critical moments, WC/Latrine hygiene, empty sanitation waste containers, etc.).
The methodology of the KAP study should be based in quantitative (questionnaires, surveys) and qualitative (interviews, focus groups, etc.) research methods. It is recommended that the qualitative research be used on a large scale, as gives important inputs to understand the social norms, cultural beliefs and other factors that sustains the attitudes and behaviors.
The analysis of the KAP survey should have a social/cultural/environment/economic and political approach, and should be aligned with the general situational analysis, and the findings. Results should be presented in a social diversity approach that includes social indicators as gender, income, social status and others that can explains differences in Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices.
The results of KAP study will generate information for the preparation of a Behavior Change Communication Plan that will help to promote positive behaviors that are appropriate to the setting and also to provide a supportive environment that will enable the household and community to initiate and sustain positive behaviors on sanitation & hygiene practices.
Existing Drainage Situation
19. For drainage, drainage channels/sewers should be plotted and the boundaries of their drainage areas should be determined. Based on observation of the flow in branch and main drains, an assessment should be made as to: (a) whether greywater is discharged to drains; (b) whether toilet wastes are discharged to drains, either directly or via ‘septic tanks;’ (c) whether there is potential demand for treated drainage water (e.g., for use in agriculture or nearby industries); and (d) a description of the overall quality of the existing drains.
Existing Solid Waste Situation
20. Citywide information on solid waste management services should include:
Characterization and quantification of the generation and types of waste, with separate
consideration of what portion and types of waste enter the drainage system or sanitation systems (both sewered and onsite).
Identify existing gaps in solid waste service provision, including number and location of facilities, frequency of collection and treatment, costs of services, access to services in different geographic areas.
Information on informal collection systems (which usually operate at the local level and may involve house-to-house collection) and on recycling/reuse practices and systems.
Draft Assessment Report & Stakeholder Consultations
21. A series of consultations will need to take place, first to gather the above described information, then to discuss the results with the relevant stakeholders. After a draft assessment report is developed, a workshop should be held with all relevant key stakeholders, including the FCMU-WB/AFD, PWSU, provincial government, and community authorities (sobas, leaders, representatives of groups etc.), to discuss the results of the assessment. This will allow all stakeholders to provide additional inputs/clarifications. At the workshop, the following should occur:
Discuss the findings and key constraints for households/residents. Discuss the actions required to overcome constraints and create the conditions required
for the implementation of plans for sanitation improvements. Obtain consensus on the key issues and the possible options for addressing them.
22. Following the workshop, a final version of an ‘Assessment of Existing Situation Report’ should be prepared. The results of these discussions, together with the information collected earlier, will be used to prepare a report, setting out the consultants’ view of the existing situation and the key issues to be addressed to develop an effective approach to service delivery across the sanitation (wastewater and fecal sludge management) service chain.
Task 2 – Master Plan and Strategic Action Plan
23. Bearing in mind issues identified under Task 1, the Consultant will assess possible options for providing sanitation services for the entire city. These options (including institutional, technical, financial, social and customer-oriented aspects) shall be delivered to the client for final choice. Each option will consider service coverage for the entire city,13 and will likely include a mix of technical solutions (with associated institutional, social and financial approaches) to service different parts of the city. The comparison of the different options should consider the Government’s preference for: (i) lower cost solutions (in terms of both capital and operating expenditures; (ii) ensuring service delivery for all inhabitants of the city, irrespective of income and housing status; (iii) less technologically complex solutions (for both onsite and sewered solutions and the range of possible treatment technologies); (iv) solutions that take account of the existing limitations in drainage and solid waste management; and (v) solutions that complement broader urban planning and urban service delivery.
24. To complement the draft plans, the Consultant will need to also identify broad, overarching principles for the sanitation service development in the city. These principles should set out the
13 As an example, one option might show 40 percent of the city being served by sewers with the remaining households served by private sector emptiers; a second option might show 40 percent of households served by sewers with the remaining households being served by public sector emptiers; and the third option might show 50 percent served by sewers with remaining households served by public sector emptiers.
objectives and a series of steps and actions to be taken to overcome constraints and move towards desired objectives. It should not be confined to physical works but should also include the institutional and regulatory changes, financial reforms, and social/behavioral changes needed to ensure strong and effective service delivery for sewered and onsite sanitation.
25. In order to develop the plan, the Consultant will need to undertake a series of participatory workshops and other community engagement with the effected communities. Separate engagement should target women, and, as appropriate, other sub-groups (described under Task 1), to better understand their needs and preferences. The aim of these engagements is to learn more about:
Household needs and preferences for different types of household level facilities; Household needs and preferences for different types of emptying or sewerage services; Household constraints or barriers to accessing improved household facilities or
improved emptying or sewerage services; Household Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding sanitation and hygiene; Household experiences with PWSU; Household ability to pay for different infrastructure
improvements and for ongoing services; Household reactions to proposed technical, financial and social interventions being considered as part of the process (i.e., early/preliminary drafts of possible master plan solutions for their community).
26. The master plan options prepared for this Task, should include information on institutional, legal/regulatory, financial, technical and social considerations. The following sections further detail what will need to be included.
Institutional, Legal/Regulatory and Financial Plans For the sanitation sector for the country, in consultation with MINEA and the regulator
(Regulatory Institute for Energy and Water Services [IRSEA]):o Propose relevant legal, regulatory, and organizational changes required to
achieve an improved/optimal sanitation system and develop a budget for the costs of institutional development.
o Explore financing mechanisms (e.g., revolving funds, microfinance, saving schemes, etc.) for improving household ability to invest in sanitation infrastructure and to pay OPEX fees/tariffs, and identify a prioritized list of financing mechanisms to implement, as well as the costs, to the government, to support/implement these options;
o Develop, in consultation with the PWSU, a phased, politically acceptable way of introducing cost recovery tariffs.
For each of the three cities:o Prepare a financing model for the improved sanitation service delivery system,
including who will pay for CAPEX and OPEX (e.g., household fees/tariffs, household in-kind contributions, government subsidies, private sector entities, income raised from reuse products, etc.), how payments will be made and managed.
i. In addition to tariffs, consider the availability of government transfers, funds raised through municipal, state/regional, or national taxes (e.g., environmental taxes, property taxes, etc.).
ii. If appropriate, consider economies-of-scale and the requirements for
effective private sector participation (PSP) of improved sanitation service delivery, and propose PSP arrangements (such as franchises, contracts, license agreements);
iii. When proposing household tariffs, consider what will be subsidized (CAPEX, OPEX or both; across the full sanitation service chain or part of it) and how this will impact who the subsidy will target (e.g., onsite or sewered sanitation users, poor or wealthy households, etc.). The tariff setting process will also need to be in line with Government priorities, policies, legislation and regulatory arrangements, and should incorporate global knowledge and best practices in setting tariffs and establishing subsidies/cross-subsidies.
o Propose improvements to the existing financial state of the utility to help bring it closer to cost recovery for sanitation service delivery.
o Propose any necessary utility-level institutional changes/reforms that will be needed. For this work, consider, a range of models (including business models for fecal sludge management [FSM]). Annex 6 includes some examples.
Sanitation Plans Explore a range of possible appropriate14 technologies for use across the full service chain,
comparing options for centralized vs decentralized systems and incorporating a mix of onsite and sewered solutions (as appropriate). The Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Planning Tool15 provides an online platform that can be used for modeling possible scenarios (both the technical components and the associated CAPEX and OPEX). Each scenario will likely include a mix of technology approaches (e.g., a mix of sewered16 and onsite solutions for different areas within the city).
o Technical options should focus on liquid waste management, but should take into account existing drainage and solid waste services in the city. Where possible, technologies should be chosen that will function even if the solid waste and drainage infrastructure and services are not improved. In limited contexts, where sanitation improvements will not be possible in the absence of improvements in solid waste and/or drainage, these areas should be clearly noted within the plan and such improvements should be costed accordingly.
Identify the most viable technical options along the sanitation service chain (numbers, types, size [m3], locations, capacity, specialized design requirements to address situational constraints, lifespan, operational and maintenance [O&M] requirements) to ensure fecal sludge and wastewater (from both domestic and institutional/industrial sources) are safely managed. Include, for each part of the city:
o Recommendations for type of household facilities, including an estimate of how many facilities would need to be constructed and/or rehabilitated;
o Site recommendations for public toilet facilities;14 For technologies to be appropriate, they must address the issues in that location, help work towards the broader objectives of the project, be in line with social norms, take account of local environmental conditions, and be based on sound financing for both CAPEX and OPEX.15 The Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Planning and Costing Tool compares the cost (both capex and opex) of different sanitation solutions that are technically feasible for parts of/neighborhoods in a city. The tool is publicly available at http://200.58.79.17/fmi/webd#CWIS%20Planning%20Tool.16 When sewered solutions are considered, compare options for combined (wastewater plus stormwater) versus separated (wastewater only) sewers, considering not only costs, but necessary measures to ensure adequate capacity and storage and anticipated environmental impacts if combined systems are used. Simplified sewerage should also be considered.
o An estimate of the need/demand (by area within the city) for vacuum tanker and non-vacuum tanker sludge emptying services and propose approximate numbers and locations of fecal sludge treatment plants and transfer stations, based on a balance of the areas required and the distances for the emptiers to travel;
o An estimate of the need (by area within the city) for sewerage connections, with a preference for simplified sewerage;
o Technical prioritization of fecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP), wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and transfer station (TS) locations, with a preference for decentralized treatment plants, where appropriate. Treatment technology recommendations should be made to minimize capital costs, minimize operational costs, minimize operational complexity (e.g., minimal reliance on electricity; minimal reliance on the need for spare parts, especially parts that would need to be imported; ability to be run using locally available skills); and to ensure compliance with environmental standards;
o Description of the type, quantity, frequency and quality of end use materials for which there is market demand. If possible, estimate the value of these products on the market.
Estimate capital and operational costs for the improved sanitation system, including:o The household containment;o Small-scale emptying equipment for each FSTP or TS, and estimate tanker
requirements for emptying the TSs and conveying the FS to the final FSTP;o Sewer networks;
The treatment plants (and transfer stations for where it is not possible to undertake decentralized treatment).Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Plans
BCC plans should be based on the KAP results in each city (integrated in the assessment of existing situation), and in sanitation technical options.
BCC should be based in a behavior change model/theory and theoretical framework, and in tools for planning strategic, evidence-based communication programs (P Process17, ACADA model18 or others) and should follow some steps:
o Elaborate a situation analysis that details the problems and the understanding of its causes, facilitators and possible remedies and a problem statement that articulates the goal of the plan: Identify the extent of the problem; Identify the audiences (primary, secondary, tertiary); Identify the intended audiences’ barriers to behavior change (economic, social,
structural, cultural, educational or others) Identify facilitating factors to behavior change, including potential messengers
and media; Develop a succinct problem statement.
o Create the plan/strategy to achieve behaviors changes in sanitation & hygiene practices
17 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs18 UNICEF
through specific activities, that include: Communication objectives; Audience segmentation; Communication program approaches; Communication messages & channel recommendations; Models of program’s communication products (mass media and print materials,
participatory processes, trainings etc.); Workplan and a monitoring and evaluation plan; Budget to implement each activity.
The BCC strategy/plan gives appropriate methodology for upcoming sanitation & hygiene communication campaigns in each city, for a diversity of audiences, with the set of messages and recommended ways of delivery, including the main messages for informative brochures and posters, radio programs, community activities and others communication channels, that will be used during the campaign.
The process of elaboration of the BCC plan/strategy should be participatory, involving all the relevant players to participate in the strategy development process.
Draft Master Plan and Stakeholder Consultations
27. The set of master plan possibilities will need to show the full range of infrastructure coverage that is proposed for the whole city. The Master plan should also include a description of the operation models to be used for each service for all parts of the city. Additionally, the plan should include the following:
Assessment of any barriers to access (physical and financial) that currently exist for specific customer groups (e.g., people with disabilities, the poor, women, etc.), and identification of key actions – and the associated costs of implementation – to take to ensure full inclusion of all people in the project area;
Recommend sub-project interventions to address gender imbalances, and interventions to support other vulnerable groups, which will result in poverty reduction and social inclusion under the project;
Develop and recommend mechanisms and procedures for public consultation and community participation in project planning, operation and maintenance, project implementation and management, particularly in relation to levels of service performance, tariffs, and environmental protection;
Develop and recommend a Behavior Change Communication Plan.
28. After the draft master plans are completed, the Consultant will hold a workshop with FCMU-WB/AFD, PWSU, the provincial government, and community authorities (sobas, leaders, representatives of groups, etc.) to share the proposed master plan solutions. The aim of the workshop will be to agree on the specific plan to develop in greater detail. Following the workshop, the specific draft master plan to be further developed should be agreed in writing between the FCMU-WB/AFD and the Consultant. The workshop should include:
A summary of the findings from the community consultations; Presentation of the 2-3 options for master plans – including institutional, financial,
technical, and social aspects;
Opportunities for feedback and discussion on the proposed master plans; Agreement on the specific master plan to develop in greater detail.
Strategic Action Plan for Sector Reforms
29. The consultant will also meet with the FCMU-WB/AFD, MINEA, and IRSEA to share the proposed plans for national levels institutional, financial, and regulatory reforms, as appropriate. This will provide the government an opportunity for more direct inputs into the proposed plan, as the Consultant develops the final Strategic Action Plan for the sector reforms. The proposed sector reforms should be those specifically linked to the proposed city-level master plans and the design, implementation, and operation and maintenance of any proposed systems. Following the meeting, a final version of the ‘Strategic Action Plan for Sector Reforms’ should be prepared and submitted to the FCMU-WB/AFD. The final draft should include: (i) the sector reforms and a recommended plan for how to implement them, including staging and (ii) TORs, as appropriate, for any agreed innovative sector financing systems to support household ability to pay for sanitation improvements.
Draft Strategic Action Plan & Stakeholder Consultations
30. The agreed master plan should next be developed in greater detail, based on feedback/inputs from the stakeholder consultations. In addition, based on this master plan, a strategic action plan should be created that shows staging of improvements to be made over the coming 10 years. The strategy should set out realistic proposals for a phased approach, bearing in mind both the needs of the city, financial resources and institutional capacity to manage the improved services. This phased approach should cover the introduction of physical improvements but should also cover the actions needed to develop institutional capacity.
31. As part of the Master Plan and Strategic Action Plan, the Consultant should:
Describe the recommended institutional measures to be implemented (including possible restructuring, capacity building, formalizing/increasing private sector participation, etc.);
Draft the necessary legal documents (terms of reference (TORs), licenses, leases, MIS/GIS) for the proposed sanitation service system and propose any other government/policy changes that may need to occur;
Develop an implementation plan, including targets for how quickly growth will occur, costs at each stage, resources needed at each stage, how existing undesirable practices (e.g., illegal dumping, manual emptying) will be phased out, etc.
Identify actionable ways that customer satisfaction with their sanitation service delivery can be improved, including: (i) steps to take to ensure that customers understand the new service delivery model and financing plan (e.g., a customer education program); (ii) a customer outreach model; and (iii) incorporation of lessons learned from current service delivery (all of these options should be fully costed and, as appropriate, include TOR to procure the related consulting services);
Propose an implementation plan for whichever customer programs (e.g., customer education, behavior change, customer outreach, marketing for new services) are recommended and agreed with the Government. This implementation plan should include cost estimates for each stage of the program(s) and (as appropriate) development of TORs for procuring associated consulting services;
The financial model (for both CAPEX and OPEX) associated with each technical scenario;
Develop and cost plans (including any necessary TORs) for FSM market/entrepreneur development, training, and marketing;
Develop, and provide cost estimates for, a detailed training/capacity building program for the utility that takes into account global best practices in sanitation service delivery;
Develop a monitoring and evaluation framework that can be used to assess the success of the service delivery system, key measures might consider: volume of sludge safely managed, operating cost coverage ratio (OCCR) for the PWSU/private sector operators, volume of waste safely treated/reused, number of customers served, collection efficiency (if appropriate), customer satisfaction, environmental impacts (nutrient/organic loads to the surrounding water bodies), etc.
Assess the need for land acquisition associated with the alternatives identified/selected. Where land acquisition is required, (be it on a temporary or a permanent basis) the Consultant shall inform the utility of the location, and outline the likely resettlement requirements.
Conduct preliminary environmental and social impact assessments to understand the impact due to the proposed interventions.
32. Another workshop will be held with the FCMU-WB/AFD, PWSU, provincial government, and community authorities (sobas, leaders, etc.) to share the final Master Plan and present the Strategic Action Plan.
33. During this workshop, from the Master Plan a subset of priority investments totaling approximately US$10 million will be selected, in consultation with the government. Prioritization should be based on cost effectiveness of options, maximizing the social benefits (not just total number of people served, but with prioritization for the poorest and/or most marginalized households under current conditions). Additionally, the package of priority investments should consider the full sanitation service chain (and not only cover one part of the chain).
Task 3 – Technical Specifications for Bidding Documents for Priority Interventions
34. The final task is the development of technical specifications for bidding documents for the agreed list of priority investments, totaling investment costs of US$ 10 million.19 This task should also include any necessary prefeasibility studies for treatment plants being proposed, if any.
35. The technical specifications for bidding document for works must be based on the new WB procurement framework and regulations. Standard procurement documents are publicly available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/brief/procurement-new-framework#SPD. The specifications should include, for example:
The Technical Specifications for each intervention shall conform to the latest materials production standards, equipment performance standards, and shall be complemented with the accompanying Bills of Quantity. Technical specifications are needed for:
o Household facilities: Number of households requiring new facility and/or rehabilitation, description of type of facilities (with example designs for each type of facility included);
o Sewer networks,20 including pumping stations: Layout plans and technical drawings of the network (for trunk/public sewers,
and tertiary lines, but not household connections) and pumping stations, including types, dimensions and location of pipes and inspection boxes, and an estimate of the number of households who will need to be connected in each community/neighborhood
Hydraulic design of the network and pumping stations, including flows and analysis of operating conditions
Specification of materials and services Description of construction aspects/considerations Operation and maintenance manuals
o Treatment facilities: Type; location and size (both flow rate to the facility and land area required) for treatment facilities; proposed treatment technologies; site selection within the city.
Bills of Quantity shall be detailed and specific to each item of material unit and activity required and no lumped activities shall be presented. Works should be itemized in sufficient detail to distinguish between the different classes of Works, or between Works of the same nature carried out in different locations or in other circumstances, which may give rise to different considerations of cost. Consistent with these requirements, the layout and content of the BOQ should be as simple and brief as possible.
Engineering cost estimates derived from cost rate analysis prepared on an Excel spreadsheet or equivalent, and correlated with the associated outputs (manpower, equipment, etc.) and materials.
Minimum qualification of staff for proposed Works.
D. Schedule of Deliverables 19 In one city, to be selected by the FCMU-WB/AFD, the technical specifications should be developed totaling approximately US$50 million, including the full costs of household facility construction and/or rehabilitation and an associated treatment facility.20 Annex 7 contains additional information about the requirements for the technical specifications for any sewer networks connecting more than 10 households.
The scope of work described earlier and the outputs described below shall be completed within a period of 12 months. The key deliverables are as follows for each of the tasks. Please note, the order in which the cities are handled will need to be approved by the FCMU.
Table A – Schedule of Deliverables
Task Report/Deliverable Timing
Inception Report ( Middle of 1st month
Task #1 1.1 Draft Report on Assessment of Existing Situation
City 1 and 4: End of 2rd month
City 2 and 5: End of 3th month
City 3 and 6: End of 4th month
1.2 Final Report on Assessment of Existing Situation including results of KAP Study
City 1 and 4: End of 4th month
City 2 and 5: End of 5th month
City 3 and 6: End of 6th month
Task #2 2.1 Report on Master Plan options City 1 and 4: Middle of 6th month
City 2 and 5: Middle of 7th month
City 3 and 6: End of 8th month
2.2 Report on Stakeholder Consultations/Workshops Conducted
City 1 and 4: End of 6th month
City 2 and 5: End of 7th month
City 3 and 6: Middle of 9th month
2.3 Final Master Plan City 1 and 4: End of 8th month
City 2 and 5: End of 9th month
City 3 and 6: Middle of 11th month
2.4 Final Strategic Action Plan including Behavior Change Communication Plan
City 1 and 4: End of 8th month
City 2 and 5: End of 9th month
City 3 and 6: Middle of 11th month
2.5 Strategic Action Plan for Proposed National Reforms
End of 10th month
Task #3 3.1 Technical Specifications for Bidding Documents
City 1 and 4: End of 10th month
City 2 and 5: End of 11th month
City 3 and 6: End of 12th month
E. Reporting Arrangements
25. The consultants shall report to the Project Director or any other official who the Project Director will nominate. However, the Project Director shall nominate a contract person for their day-to-day operation.
26. The consultants will be asked to give a presentation (in Portuguese) on the report to the FCMU-WB/AFD and other relevant stakeholders. These workshops will take place: at the completion of Task #1.1 (to discuss draft assessment); at the completion of Task #2.1 (to discuss proposed master plan options and choose the preferred option moving forward); and after Task #2.4 (to agree on the priority activities to use for Task #3). The FCMU-WB/AFD may also obtain comments from the World Bank on the consultants’ reports.
F. Consultancy Firms
27. The Consultancy Firms shall fulfill the following requirements:
Required: experience in CWIS or similar approach Experience in Communitarian data collection and analysis Experience in Peri urban sanitation strategies and plan development Experience in social aspects of infrastructural projects Experience in KAP studies, and BCC strategies/plans.
Additional:
Experience in use of SFD’s21
Experience in Social Business Models implementation
G. Team of Consultants
28. Consultancy firm shall submit a structure with two intervention teams working in parallel ,each team shall be cover three cities . Indicative list of the positions of the key professional staffs/experts who will be evaluated during technical evaluation process for the assignment are given in Table B. The consultant must propose suitable individuals as experts in these key positions; and submit their own estimate of the required number of person-months against each of these key positions to carry out the assignment in conformity with the scope of services. The consultant should also propose other staff needed to complete the task, considering the need for sufficient staffing to complete the master plans for all three cities. The estimated input for the assignment is 120 staff-months.
Qualification and Responsibilities (indicative) of Key Professionals29. The key professional consultants should have experience in related fields; that shall include
minimum two similar assignments carried out in similar settings. Generally, each consultant
21 SFD: Fecal Sludge Flow Diagram, See Annex 5 for more information
will work under direct guidance/supervision of the designated Team Leader (TL), who will be responsible to the Project Director. All of the key professionals shown under the Team of the Consultants should be permanent employees of the firm or have an extended and stable working relationship with the firm. The required qualification and indicative responsibilities of the key Professional staff is provided in Table C.
Table-C: Qualification and Experience of Key Professional Staff
At the proposal, the consultancy firm need consider two similar teams, were one of the Team Leader’s is also coordinator and interlocutor of all consultancy intervention.Required qualification, experiences and main responsibilities of the key professionals of every team of the Consultants would be as follows:
Designation Minimum Academic
Qualification
Overall Experience
Specific Experience Main Responsibilities
Team Leader/Civil Engineer (*2)
Graduate in Civil or Environmental Engineering
Working experience of at least 15 years
At least 15 years international managerial experience and adequate experience in the field of strategic sanitation planning, and in designing of sanitation facilities, including on-site sanitation. Required previous experience with institutional settings in Sub-Saharan Africa region as they relate to urban services. Practical experience as Team Leader for minimum 2 similar assignments.Should have good computer knowledge, report writing and communication skills.
Overall management of the team of consultants; coordination with client, planning, scheduling for task accomplishment; engineering design of sanitation facilities, contract management, taking lead on the institutional aspects of the assignment, review and present reports, oversee execution of work plan to deliver the project on time and to the satisfaction of client.
Senior Sanitation
Graduate in Engineering
Working experience
At least 10 years of international experience in the water and environmental sanitation
Responsible for collecting and analyzing data, checking
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Designation Minimum Academic
Qualification
Overall Experience
Specific Experience Main Responsibilities
Engineer (*2)
of at least 10 years
sector, with at least 5 years of experience in urban sanitation, including on-site sanitation. Should have good computer knowledge, report writing and communication skills.
collected data, delegate tasks, develop design documents and bidding documents; prepare reports; assist the Team Leader and the team.
Sanitation Engineer (*2)
Graduate in Civil, Public Health, or Environmental Engineering (or equivalent field)
Working experience of at least 6 years
At least 6 years of international experience in the urban sanitation sector, including significant involvement in sanitation strategy and plan development. At least 5 years’ experience working urban/peri-urban onsite sanitation projects. Specific experience of assessing sanitation options in relation to institutional and physical factors, and in engineering design and tender documentation of sanitation infrastructure (both conventional waste water systems and on-site systems).
Responsible for assisting with initial data collection and preliminary master plan proposals. Should only be required for the first 4 months of the consultancy.
Senior Social Specialist
Graduate in Social Sciences or related field
Working experience of at least
At least 10 years of experience on social aspects of water & sanitation or health projects, and 5 years previous experience on
Responsible for design the KAP study methodology, coordinate the KAP study process,
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Designation Minimum Academic
Qualification
Overall Experience
Specific Experience Main Responsibilities
(*2) Relevant trainings in social studies coordination, Behavior Change Communication plans.
10 years social studies (KAP)/BCC in water & sanitation or health projects. Must have working knowledge of Portuguese.
stakeholder´s engagement and mobilization to participate in the study, elaborate the KAP analysis and results;Responsible for the BCC strategy/ plan elaboration;Also responsible for supporting social data collection for the initial assessments.
Economic and Financial Analyst (*2)
Graduate in Economics or Finance/Business Management
Working experience of about 10 years
At least 10 years of experience in financial and economic analysis of infrastructure and/or municipal projects. Preference for previous experience on sanitation-related projects and procurement for large-scale projects.
Responsible for financial assessment and economic analysis of sanitation plans. Also responsible for supporting development of technical specifications for bidding documents.
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Annex 1 – Detailed Description of N’Dalatando, Luena, Kuito, Huambo, Dundo and Moçamedes
-. N’Dalatando The city of N'Dalatando is the capital of Cuanza Norte Province, in the north of Angola,
with a population of approximately 132,670. Agriculture is the main economic activity, including production of corn, peanuts, coffee, cotton, peas, beans, citrus fruits, cassava, sisal, palm, and sorghum. The city is along the main road between Luanda and economic centers further east. N’Dalatando’s water supply system is faced with several challenges. First, the water supply is insufficient during the dry season—both in terms of meeting the operating capacity of the treatment system and the demands of the population. Water supply constraints during the dry season regularly result in the operation of only one or two of the four sand filters of the water treatment plant, leading to significant restrictions in consumption and low pressure in the distribution network. Second, the system effectively has no meters in the production or distribution systems, nor on customer connections. The installed capacity of the current system is around 7,776 m3 per day. After completion of the works under WSIDP and WSIDP2, it is estimated that 44,800 inhabitants will have access to the network. There is no existing formal sanitation system, but its implementation is crucial, especially in peri-urban areas supplied by networked water, due to the high population density and topography of the area
-. Luena Luena is the capital city of the province of Moxico, in east-central Angola, with a population of approximately 280,640, the majority of whom reside in peri-urban areas. Water is supplied through a relatively recently constructed intake and treatment plant with a capacity of 11,000 m3 per day. The original distribution network was built prior to independence but has recently been entirely rebuilt. The distribution network is served from two elevated storage tanks—Cidade and Sangondo. There is no existing formal sanitation system. As in other cities, the need for sanitation is especially crucial in peri-urban areas due to high population density and the topography of the area.
.- Kuito-Kunje Kuito city is the capital of Bié province, in the center of Angola and extending through the plateau region of the Upper Zambeze massif. Kuito (and its neighboring city, Kunje) received significant population inflows during the civil war, and the city is now estimated to have a total population of around 340,500. Works financed under WSIDP to improve the city’s water supply were completed in 2015. The current water supply system has a capacity of 5,832 m3 per day. There is an existing sewer network that serves the central part of the city. The network is connected to a wastewater treatment plant (sized for 36,000 population equivalents) and designed to provide tertiary treatment, including sludge management.
-. Huambo Huambo is the capital city of Huambo province, a largely agricultural province located in the center-west of Angola. It is the second-largest city in Angola, with an estimated population of 532,500. The city and its economy were significantly affected by the civil war and are still in the process of rebuilding. Significant portions of the population—many of whom fled to the city during the war—live in unplanned peri-urban areas, some of which are prone to flooding. Huambo has a single source of water—a diversion of the Kulimahala river, with an intake at a small weir that is often obstructed by vegetation and refuse. The source is subject to biological and agricultural pollution. The water treatment plant was built prior to independence. The existing water supply system has an installed capacity of 15,840 m3 per day. The existing sewer network serves the central portion of the city and connects to a wastewater treatment plant (for 14,000 population equivalents) designed with tertiary treatment, including sludge management.
-. Dundo Dundo is the capital of Lunda Norte province, with a population of approximately
156,530 inhabitants. The province is a primary center of mining activities. Dundo is served by a water supply system built prior to independence, although several investments have been made in recent years, including construction of a new ground reservoir and elevated tank, replacement of some of the network with PVC pipes, and the construction of public standposts. The oldest pipes are ductile iron and were, similar to most of the system, out of service for several years, leading to significant damage. The system, with an existing capacity of 5,400 m3 per day, includes very few connections—only an estimated 464, most of them yard taps. Several neighborhoods have no network and are served only by public standposts. The entire system suffers from insufficient pressure, and water quality testing indicates source contamination. A “new centrality” (Nova Centralidade) has been constructed in Dundo and includes a water treatment plant, with production capacity of 20,000 m3 per day, as well as a wastewater treatment facility (including tertiary treatment, connected to a central sewer network serving 40,000 population equivalents). In addition, the GoA is currently making investments in (a) a 300 m3 elevated tank (b) 35 kilometers of tertiary network, 1,050 associated residential connections and 21 public standposts; and (c) rehabilitation of two springs.
-. Moçamedes Moçamedes is the capital city of Namibe province, in the southwest of Angola, with a population of approximately 225,645. The province and the city have a desert climate, and are dry throughout most of the year. The city’s water system, with an installed capacity of 14,400 m3 per day, is supplied by boreholes along the left bank of the Bero river. Water is pumped to reservoir tanks that serve the distribution network. The distribution network dates from before independence and has been poorly maintained; it serves the core urban area but suffers from frequent breakages. Significant improvements to the existing distribution system
are currently being financed by the GoA, including construction of a new water treatment plant for removal of iron and manganese and chlorine treatment. In addition, the Moçamedes water utility is receiving institutional strengthening from the African Development Bank’s ongoing water project. There is an existing sewer network in the urban center, including a lift station with 8,000 m3
per day capacity and a treatment plant, which includes tertiary treatment and sludge management (with a capacity of 200,000 population equivalents). However, the system serves only a small fraction of the city’s population.
Annex 2 – Description of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation
The project will approach sanitation as a service to be delivered, and as such, will include activities to support national and provincial institutions in carrying out their mandates for sanitation service delivery, policy implementation and regulation as well as pilot activities to increase access (through infrastructure improvements). In line with this approach, technical solutions will consider the full sanitation service chain – i.e., household containment, collection, conveyance, treatment and safe disposal. The project will use the Citywide Inclusive Sanitation approach, which focuses on: (i) embedding sanitation within the framework of urban governance and municipal services provision; (ii) establishing clear roles and responsibilities, with accountability and transparency, and robust service delivery management; (iii) delivering ‘safe management’ through the sanitation chain – for both onsite sanitation and sewers – to ensure separation of fecal contamination from people across the whole city; (iv) outcomes rather than technologies – allowing for diversity of solutions and approaches; (v) basing decisions on secure operational budgets being available (always planning for operation and maintenance); (vi) facilitating progressive realization, building on what is already in place; and (vii) committing resources to training city leaders and technicians of the future to solve complex problems rather than deliver fixed solutions. To learn more about the CWIS approach, we recommend the following:A short document that summarizes the core principles of the CWIS approach, contrasted with conventional approaches to urban sanitation – http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/589771503512867370/Citywide-Inclusive-Sanitation.pdf A series of videos highlighting good examples of CWIS in practice from across the globe (available in English and with Spanish and French subtitles) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLa16GBkPGYKv4n_a0BcKB_hUYMdiQVH55
Annex 3 – Partial List of Documents to Review
Existing sewerage master plans for each city Existing water supply master plans for each city Existing municipal master plans (where available) for each city Angolan Presidential Decree 261/11 (6 October 2011) – covering water quality
standards Angolan Presidential Decree 83/14 (22 April 2014) – regulation of public water supply
and sewerage Angolan Law 6/02 (21 June 2002) – the National Water Law Relevant Angolan design standards Angolan census (2014) Community Total Led Sanitation National Strategy (2018) Project documents for WSIDP (P096360) and WSIDP-2 (P151224), in particular the
project paper for the additional finance for WSIDP-2 (P167201) and the WSIDP-2 Environmental and Social Management Framework and Resettlement Policy Framework
Existing water production information from the PWSUs at each city (including per capita water supply, extent of coverage, hours of service of supply)
Annex 4 – Detailed Technical Information to Gather on Existing Sanitation Systems
As noted above, these lists are not meant to be exhaustive, but instead provide examples of the type of information to gather. Containment type of household (HH) and public facilities (latrine pits; septic tanks; holding tanks;
household sewerage connections, etc.) including whether they have lids which provide easy access during emptying [be sure to include both formalized and informal settlement areas]; location and size (m3) of public facilities; number of HH facilities (current and projected); number of users at public facilities (current and projected); sludge accumulation rates (current and projected); waste water production volumes (current and projected); emptying frequencies for onsite solutions; accessibility of pits for emptying; quality of the design and construction for HH and public facilities (e.g., ability to safely contain waste on site); utilized capacity of public facilities; estimated remaining lifespan of HH and public facilities; operational and maintenance requirements for HH and public facilities; operational and maintenance models for public facilities; width of roads leading to HH and public facilities; etc.
Emptying type of emptying equipment (e.g., vacuum trucks, manual, etc.); size and number of trucks and handheld equipment (m3); number of providers (by type of provider); functionality (of empyting and conveyance equipment); ability to safely contain/convey FS; utilized capacity of emptying equipment; estimated remaining lifespan; operational and maintenance requirements; etc.
Transfer number, size, and location of transfer stations; usage (m3/day of deposited sludge); ability to safely contain FS; utilized capacity of TSs; estimated remaining lifespan; operational and maintenance requirements; traffic conditions near possible transfer and treatment sites; map of existing sewerage network (including number and type of connections, pumping stations, size and depth of pipes); etc.
Treatment type; size (m3); location; effective influent flow rates (daily average and peak values at present and projected design horizon); treated sludge accumulation rates (current and projected); treated waste water flow rates (current and projected); accessibility of treatment sites; functionality (quality of the design, construction and operation and maintenance); ability to safely treat FS and waste water; utilized capacity (current and projected); estimated remaining lifespan; operational and maintenance requirements; issues with regard to nuisance of treatment plants (visual, odor, etc.) for adjoining communities and/or local environment; treatment efficiency achieved (for sludge, for liquid effluent) and any downstream impact issues; proposed reuse products desired; availability of reliable electricity and its cost; etc.
Reuse/Disposal
reuse products (sludge, biogas, water, etc.); amounts produced (m3/day); numbers of buyers/users; ability to safely reuse the products; importance of the reuse products for the buyers/users; etc.
Annex 5 – Example Graphical Representation of Waste FlowsAs part of the assessment of existing sanitation service coverage, the Consultant will prepare a graphical representation of fecal sludge/waste flows within the city. The specific methodology used and graphical representation chosen may vary. As an example, a common methodology for presenting this information is the Fecal Sludge Flow Diagram (SFD). SFDs provide information on source of waste, conveyance methodologies and portion of waste that is treated before discharge to the environment. Two example SFDs – for Maputo, Mozambique and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania – are shown below. More information on SFDs can be found at: https://sfd.susana.org/.
Figure A6-1: Example SFD for Maputo, Mozambique showing the portion of safely managed waste (green) and the portion of waste discharged untreated to the environment (brown)
Figure A6-2: Example SFD for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania showing the portion of safely managed waste (green) and the portion of waste discharged untreated to the environment (brown)
Annex 6 – Examples of Business Models for Sanitation Service DeliveryThe following business models for FSM Service Delivery are not exhaustive, but instead are intended to serve as examples to encourage creative, innovative thinking. The most important thing to consider is that the business model chosen should cover the full sanitation service chain, but different areas within the city may use business models that are structured differently.
Additional options include: a franchise approach where larger operators (i.e., vacuum tank operators) would
manage a group of fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) and transfer stations (TSs) and their associated pit emptying micro-enterprises (e.g., small scale mechanical emptiers and manual emptiers);
a model in which the water and sanitation utility/service provider contracts out and oversees the services of large operators and, through them, micro-enterprises, and in which the utility manages the FSTPs and TSs;
a model in which a regulatory agency regulates the activities of existing operators and micro-enterprises, with a ‘free for all’ market model across the city or with pre-identified neighborhood concessions/franchises.
Annex 7 – Technical Specifications for Sewer Networks
Quantities of materials (pipes, inspection components, etc.) and services (excavation and backfill volumes, extension of settlements, etc.), anticipated for the implementation works for the collection system, and to be used in the elaboration of its budget, will be generated directly by the hydraulic design spreadsheets of the new system.
Hydraulic designs will contain the following minimum information: Identification of the section, if possible with indication of the address in which it is
located; Extension of the section; Contribution coefficients in the section; Total domestic-wastewater peak flow rates: upstream and downstream; Elevation of the terrain: upstream and downstream; Elevation of the collector: upstream and downstream; Difference in collector level; Sewer gradient; Diameter of piping; Velocity in the section; Water level in collector; Tractive tension (boundary shear stress) (Pa); Depth of collectors: upstream and downstream; Depth of downstream manhole; Identification of downstream manhole;
The presentation of the plans and profiles of the collection networks will follow the subsequent guidelines:
Inclusion of a General Layout Plan at an appropriate scale, containing the location of the intervention in the area and a brief description of the proposed system;
Inclusion of the plans of the collection networks at a scale of 1:2000, with meshes of coordinates and contour lines, preferably, of 1-m interval, identifying the streets and type of pavement, watercourses, the boundaries of the drainage basins and sub-basins, the layout of the network projected in the urban space, indicating the location of the sewer networks, the indication of the flow direction, the position, numbering, and depth of the inspection boxes and manholes, with an indication of terrain and collector elevations and the depth of the collectors near the manholes; Numbering, extension, material, diameter and gradient of each section; Indication of drop pipes and narrowing pipes, of the direction of flow in the sewers and of the conformation of the channels in the bottom of manholes; with indication of
interferences, total flow, pipe crossings, pumping stations and treatment plants. There must be a legend indicating the different types of collectors (projected, existing, to be deactivated and others) and of Inspection Boxes and manholes, special structures and others;
Profile: For interceptor sewers, emissaries and pressure lines, the plans should be presented in profile, with a horizontal scale of 1:2000 and a vertical scale of 1:200. The layout of the network will include the beginning of the pipeline, the name of the street, the number of manholes, the direction of flow and the depths; The profile design should include the terrain and collector profile; Indication of interferences. The profile grid should contain:
o Numbering of manholes;o Elevation of terrain and manhole covers (if different) and of collector;o Dimensions of the influent and effluent pipes;o Dimensions of narrowing pipes and/or drop pipes;o Depth of manholes;o Extension, maximum design flow, gradient and diameter of each section;o Indication of total flow rates indicated in the contributing manholes;o Type of pavement;o Material and technical norms for specification of pipes;o All other important information.
The applied conventions should be explained as a footnote in all drawings. Any topographical reference point and other references used in the topographic
survey should be indicated in the drawings, with location, number and elevation. Drawings of special works, such as pipe crossings, siphons, etc., shall contain plan
and cross-sectional views, with appropriate scale and dimensions, including explanatory notes necessary for the distinct characterization of the construction works.
