9ème édition de l'Etude Deloitte Global Risk Management

7/21/2019 9me dition de l'Etude Deloitte Global Risk Management

1/76

Kpdrmtnea ne tjd edw ekr`mg6Neirdmsdb rdaugmtnke meb jdnajtdedbdxpditmtnkes

Agklmg rnsh `memad`detsurvdy, enetj dbntnke


2/76

Rns rdpkrt ns m rdsugt k m tdm` dkrt tjmt neigubdb iketrnlutnkes ly emeinmg sdrvnids prmitntnkedrs

rk` `d`ldr r`s k Bdgknttd kuijd kj`mtsu Gn`ntdb mrkueb tjd wkrgb. Ypdinmg tjmehs

mrd anvde tk Lmydr Ikesugtnea kr mb`nenstdrnea tjd survdy meb tjdnr mssnstmeid wntj tjd

emg bkiu`det.

Ne mbbntnke, tjd kggkwnea nebnvnbumgs ikebuitdb memgysns meb prkvnbdb prkfdit `memad`det,

dbntkrnmg, meb/kr bdsnae suppkrt6

Dbwmrb Jnbm

Dbwmrb Jnbmns tjd agklmg gdmbdr k \nsh & Impntmg @memad`det meb m pmrtedr ne tjd Akvdremeid,

\daugmtkry & \nsh Ytrmtdands prmitnid k Bdgknttd & kuijd GG_, wjdrd jd gdmbs \nsh & Impntmg

sdrvnids. Jd jms sulstmetnmg dxpdrndeid ikesugtnea ke m vmrndty k emeinmg rnsh `memad`det meb

impntmg `mrhdts nssuds, meb jms ik`pgdtdb m wnbd rmead k rnsh `memad`det ikesugtnea mssnae`dets

kr TY meb agklmg emeinmg sdrvnids kramenzmtnkes.

Mihekwgdbad`dets

Mlkut tjd dbntkr

Mebrdw Lrkkhs

Tentdb Ytmtds

Bdgknttd & kuijd GG_

@nijdggd Bmjg

Tentdb Ytmtds

Bdgknttd Ydrvnids G_

Bmvnb @drrngg

Tentdb YtmtdsBdgknttd Ydrvnids G_

Ytumrt Yjrk

Tentdb Ytmtds


Fdmeed-`mrnd Y`ntj

Tentdb Ytmtds


Mlkut Bdgknttds emeinmg sdrvnids nebustry prmitnid

M rdikaenzdb gdmbdr ne prkvnbnea mubnt, tmx, ikesugtnea meb emeinmg mbvnskry sdrvnids tk tjd

emeinmg sdrvnids nebustry, Bdgknttds igndets neigubd lmehs, sdiurntnds r`s, nesurmeid ik`pmends,

nevdst`det `memadrs, meb rdmg dstmtd sdrvnids ik`pmends rk` mrkueb tjd wkrgb. Kvdr 94,??? prmi-

tntnkedrs, neigubnea 2,2?? pmrtedrs, mrd bdbnimtdb tk sdrvnea emeinmg sdrvnids nebustry igndets mirkss

`krd tjme 2? `d`ldr r`s ne tjd Bdgknttd edtwkrh.

Agklmg rnsh `memad`det survdy, enetj dbntnke


3/76

Iketdets

Ckrdwkrb | pdridet ne


20/76

tjme ne Durkpd (29 pdridet). Ked rdmske kr

tjd bndrdeids ldtwdde rdankes ns tjmt wjngd

TY rdaugmtnkes jmvd tjd dxpditmtnke tjmt tjd

lkmrb rnsh ik``nttdd iketmnes me nbdetndb

rnsh `memad`det dxpdrt, Durkpdme rdaugmtnkesiketmne m `krd adedrmg rdqunrd`det tjmt rnsh

ik``nttdd `d`ldrs ... sjmgg jmvd mpprkprnmtd

hekwgdbad, shnggs meb dxpdrtnsd tk uggy uebdr-

stmeb meb `kentkr tjd rnsh strmtday meb tjd

rnsh mppdtntd k tjd nestntutnke. 1=

M sdpmrmtd stuby k TY lmehs wntj `krd

tjme $4? lnggnke ne mssdts ly tjd Bdgknttd

Idetdr kr Cnemeinmg Ydrvnids kueb tjmt

nestntutnkes jmvnea lkmrb rnsh ik``nttdds tjmt

rdvndw meb mpprkvd tjd r`s rnsh `memad-

`det rm`dwkrh meb mgsk tjksd tjmt rdqunrd

m rnsh dxpdrt ke tjd rnsh ik``nttdd dmij jmb

m jnajdr mvdrmad rdture ke mvdrmad mssdts

(\KMM) tjme ktjdr nestntutnkes.1


21/76

suaadst tjd I\K sjkugb jmvd prn`mry kvdr-

snajt rdspkesnlngnty, meb `krd nestntutnkes mrd

`kvnea ne tjns bnrditnke. Ne tjd iurrdet survdy,

rdspkebdets wdrd `kst gnhdgy tk rdpkrt tjd

I\K jms prn`mry kvdrsnajt rdspkesnlngnty (44pdridet), me neirdmsd rk` tjd , tjd Ydenkr

Yupdrvnskrs Arkup, wjnij ns ik`pksdb k

tjd sdenkr emeinmg supdrvnskrs rk` sdvde

ikuetrnds,13rdgdmsdb m rdpkrt tjmt nbdetndb tjd

mngurd k sk`d lkmrbs k bnrditkrs tk dstmlgnsj

tjd gdvdg k rnsh miidptmlgd tk tjdnr nestntu-

tnke,11meb tjd kggkwnea ydmr rdgdmsdb m sdrnds

k rdik``debmtnkes rdamrbnea tjd nssud.1:

Rd CYL nssudb prneinpgds kr me dditnvd rnshmppdtntd rm`dwkrh ne Ekvd`ldr


22/76

nestntutnkes (:4 pdridet vdrsus 31 pdridet ne


23/76

Gned 96Netdremg mubnt ueitnke vmgnbmtds tjd

rnsh meb iketrkg rm`dwkrh

Rd tjrdd gneds k bddesd rnsh akvdremeid

`kbdg jms ldik`d wnbdgy mbkptdb. Ne


24/76

ME D\@ prkarm` ns bdsnaedb tk prkvnbdm ik`prdjdesnvd mssdss`det k tjd rnshsme nestntutnke mids meb m prkidss kr `memanea

tjd`. Ly tmhnea me netdarmtdb vndw mirkss tjd

kramenzmtnke, D\@ prkarm`s mssnst nestntutnkesne uebdrstmebnea tjd ugg rmead k rnshs tjdy

mid meb jkw tjdsd ik`pmrd tk nts rnsh mppd-

tntd. Rdy mgsk jdgp nbdetny netdrrdgmtnkesjnps

m`kea rnshs ne bndrdet gneds k lusnedss kr

adkarmpjnds tjmt `najt jmvd aked uebdtditdb.

Lktj gmrad meb `nb-snzd emeinmg nestntutnkes

mrd ldnea deikurmadb ly rdaugmtkry mutjkrntnds

tk n`pgd`det D\@ prkarm`s meb netdarmtd

tjdnr ebneas netk lusnedss bdinsnke-`mhnea.

Enedty-twk pdridet k rdspkebdets smnbtjdnr nestntutnke dntjdr jms me D\@ prkarm` ne

pgmid kr ns ne tjd prkidss k n`pgd`detnea ked,

me neirdmsd rk` :9 pdridet ne


25/76

tk prkvnbd tn`dgy nekr`mtnke ke suij nssuds ms

impntmg, gnqunbnty, strdss tdstnea, rdskgutnke pgme-

enea, ikesu`dr prktditnke, meb Skgihdr \ugd

ik`pgnmeid. Bmtm ke tjdsd meb ktjdr mrdms

eddb tk ld tn`dgy, miiurmtd, meb maardamtdb

mirkss tjd detdrprnsd.

Ytmynea iurrdet ke tjd ijmeanea emturd k

tjd rnshs minea me nestntutnke ns bniugt, meb

94 pdridet k rdspkebdets ikesnbdrdb nbdetny-

nea meb `memanea edw meb d`dranea rnshstk ld

dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea.

Rd neirdmsnea mttdetnke ly rdaugmtkrstk rnsh iugturd wms rdditdb ne tjd mit tjmt

dstmlgnsjnea meb d`ldbbnea tjd rnsh iugturd

mirkss tjd detdrprnsd wms ikesnbdrdb tk ld

dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea ly 94 pdridet

k rdspkebdets.

Ckggkwnea tjdsd nssuds wdrd twk ntd`s

rdgmtdb tk tmgdet. \kuajgy ked-tjnrb k rdspke-

bdets smnb nt ns dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea

tk mttrmit meb rdtmne lusnedss uent prkdssnke-

mgs wntj rdqunrdb rnsh `memad`det shnggs meb m

sn`ngmr pdridetmad smnb tjd sm`d mlkut mttrmit-

nea meb rdtmnenea rnsh `memad`det prkds-

snkemgs. Yk`d ik``detmtkrs jmvd ektdb tjdgmih k me mbdqumtd suppgy k tmgdet wntj rnsh

Armpjni6 Bdgknttd Tenvdrsnty _rdss | BT_rdss.ik`

Ektd6 Cnaurds rdprdsdet tjd pdridetmad kc rdspkebdets nbdetncynea dmij ntd` ms dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea.

Neirdmsnea rdaugmtkry rdqunrd`dets mebdxpditmtnkes

\nsh neckr`mtnke systd`s meb tdijekgkaynecrmstruiturd

\nsh bmtm

Dstmlgnsjnea meb d`ldbbnea tjd rnsh iugturdmirkss tjd detdrprnsd

Nbdetncynea meb `memanea edw mebd`dranea rnshs

Mttrmitnea meb rdtmnenea rnsh `memad`detprkcdssnkemgs wntj rdqunrdb shnggs

Mttrmitnea meb rdtmnenea lusnedss uentprkcdssnkemgs wntj rdqunrdb rnsh `memad`det shnggs

Mgnaenea ik`pdesmtnke meb neidetnvds wntj rnsh`memad`det

Ydiurnea mbdqumtd lubadt meb rdskurids

Ikggmlkrmtnke ldtwdde tjd lusnedss uents meb tjdrnsh `memad`det cueitnke

Mitnvd I-suntd nevkgvd`det

Mitnvd nevkgvd`det kc sdenkr `memad`det

Ikggmlkrmtnke ldtwdde tjd rnsh`memad`det cueitnke meb ktjdr cueitnkes

Mitnvd nevkgvd`det kc tjd lkmrb kc bnrditkrs

1>%

3


26/76

`memad`det shnggs ne suij mrdms ms kpdrmtnkemg,

rdputmtnkemg, meb rdaugmtkry rnsh.

M pksntnvd nebnimtnke wms tjd mit tjmt dw

rdspkebdets ikesnbdrdb sdvdrmg n`pkrtmet

nssuds tk ld dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeaneakr tjdnr nestntutnke, neigubnea ikggmlkrmtnke

ldtwdde tjd lusnedss uents meb tjd rnsh `me-

mad`det ueitnke(=1 pdridet), mitnvd I-suntd

nevkgvd`det (=4 pdridet), meb mitnvd nevkgvd-

`det k tjd lkmrb k bnrditkrs(1 pdridet).

Mgtjkuaj prkardss jms ldde `mbd, nestntutnkes

kde mid ijmggdeads ne n`pgd`detnea tjd tjrdd

gneds k bddesd `kbdg meb jmvnea tjdnr lusn-

edss uents uggy d`lrmid tjdnr rkgd ms tjd rst

gned k bddesd ne kwenea meb `memanea rnshs.

Anvde mgg tjdsd ijmggdeads, nt ns ekt surprns-

nea tjmt 34 pdridet k rdspkebdets dxpditdb

tjdnr nestntutnke wkugb neirdmsd spdebnea ke

rnsh `memad`det kvdr tjd edxt tjrdd ydmrs

ly 4 pdridet kr `krd, neigubnea 91 pdridet

wjk dxpditdb spdebnea tk rnsd ly =? pdridet

kr `krd.

Mgnaenea ik`pdesmtnke

Ne rdidet ydmrs, tjdrd jms ldde neirdmsdbsirutney ke wjdtjdr neidetnvd ik`pdesmtnke

mt emeinmg nestntutnkes ns mgnaedb wntj rnsh

mppdtntd meb wjdtjdr ik`pdesmtnke pgmes

`my deikurmad dxidssnvd rnsh tmhnea. M`kea

nts ktjdr prkvnsnkes, tjd jdnajtdedb stmebmrbs

aunbmeid nssudb ly tjd KII ne


27/76


\dqunrd tjmt m pkrtnke kc tjd meeumg neidetnvd ld tndbtk kvdrmgg ikrpkrmtd rdsugts

Lmgmeid tjd d`pjmsns ke sjkrt- meb gkea-tdr`neidetnvds

Tsd kc ùgtnpgd neidetnvd pgme `dtrnis

Bdcdrrdb pmykuts gnehdb tk cuturd pdrckr`meid

_my`det ne ik`pmey stkih

Neikrpkrmtd rnsh memad`det dccditnvdedss netk

pdrckr`meid akmgs meb ik`pdesmtnke ckr sdenkr`memad`det

Neikrpkrmtd rnsh memad`det dccditnvdedss netkpdrckr`meid akmgs meb ik`pdesmtnke ckr

prkcdssnkemgs nbdetndb ms rnsh-tmhdrs(d.a., trmbnea, nevdstnea, gdebnea)

Tsd kc igmwlmih prkvnsnkes (d.a., ne tjd dvdet kc`nsikebuit kr kvdrstmtd`det kc dmreneas)

Imps ke pmykuts

Dstmlgnsj ckr d`pgkydds nbdetndb ms `mtdrnmg rnsh-tmhdrsm `mxnù` rmtnk ldtwdde tjd xdb meb tjd vmrnmlgd

ik`pkedet kc tjdnr tktmg rdùedrmtnke

Tsd kc nebnvnbumg `dtrnis tndb tk tjdn`pgd`detmtnke kc dccditnvd rnsh `ntnamtnke strmtdands

@mtij tjd tn`nea kc pmykuts wntj tjd tdr` kc tjd rnsh

1


28/76

@ME^ emeinmg nestntutnkes imgiugmtddikek`ni impntmg tk mssdss tjdnr rnsh-mbfustdb pdrkr`meid meb mggkimtd impntmg. Mgg

tjd rdspkebdets rdpkrtdb tjmt tjdnr nestntutnkes

imgiugmtd dikek`ni impntmg, me neirdmsd rk`rkuajgy :? pdridet ne


29/76

gdvdg kr strmtdani bdinsnke-`mhnea (39 pdridet).

Nt ns usdb gdss kde mt gkwdr gdvdgs suij ms mt

tjd lusnedss uent gdvdg tk dvmgumtd rnsh-mbfustdb

pdrkr`meid(49 pdridet), mt tjd trmesmitnke

gdvdg kr rnsh-lmsdb prninea(42 pdridet), kr mt

tjd iustk`dr gdvdg tk suppkrt rnsh-lmsdb prkt-

mlngnty memgysns(9< pdridet).

@mey lmehs meb nesurmeid ik`pmends mgsk

eddb tk ik`pgy wntj rdaugmtkry rdqunrd`dets

kr impntmg mbdqumiy. (Ydd Yditkr spktgnajt6Lmehnea meb Yditkr spktgnajt6 Nesurmeid.)

Kpdrmtnea ne tjd edw ekr`mg6 Neirdmsdb rdaugmtnke meb jdnajtdedb dxpditmtnkes


30/76

\DATGMRK\^ mutjkrntnds, neigubnea tjdCdbdrmg \dsdrvd, tjd DIL, tjd Lmeh kDeagmeb, meb DNK_M kr nesurdrs, rdqunrd

emeinmg nestntutnkes tk ikebuit strdss tdsts. Ne

tjd Tentdb Ytmtds, tjd strdss tdsts uebdr IIM\mssdss m wnbd rmead k nssuds neigubnea impntmg

mbdqumiy, rnsh mppdtntd, bmtm, meb emeinmg

pgmeenea, m`kea ktjdrs. Nt mgsk rdqunrds tjmt

lmehs igdmrgy bkiu`det tjdnr rnsh `memad-

`det prkidssds meb netdremg iketrkgs.:2 pdridet k rdspke-

bdets smnb tjdnr nestntutnke usds strdss tdstnea,

tjd sm`d pdridetmad ms ne


31/76

k rdspkebdets rdpkrtdb usnea strdss tdstnea kr

`dradr meb miqunsntnke bdinsnkes.

Jkwdvdr, tjd mrdm wjdrd rdspkebdets `kst

kcde smnb tjdnr nestntutnke dxtdesnvdgy usds

strdss tdstnea rdsugts wms mssdssnea tjd mbdqumiy

kc rdaugmtkry impntmg(4< pdridet up rk` 24

pdridet ne


32/76

strdss tdstnea wms mgsk dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmg-

gdeanea. Ne m gmrad nestntutnke, vmgnbmtnke ikugb

ikvdr juebrdbs k `kbdgs meb rdqunrd m `mfkr

ik``nt`det k rdskurids. Curtjdr, tjd gdvdg

k rnakr ekw rdqunrdb ly tjd Cdbdrmg \dsdrvdns jnajdr wjde tdstnea tjd uebdrgynea `kbdgs.

Rd Cdbdrmg \dsdrvd jms dxpmebdb tjd bden-

tnke k tjd `kbdgs tjmt eddb tk ld tdstdb,

wjnij jms neirdmsdb tjd snzd k tjd tmsh meb

dxpmebdb tjd rdqunrdb sikpd k strdss tdstnea.

Rd ardmtdr mttdetnke ly rdaugmtkrs ke strdss

tdstnea meb nts dxpmebdb usd ly emeinmg nestn-

tutnkes jmvd `mbd nt `krd bniugt tk sdiurd

prkdssnkemgs wntj tjd shnggs meb dxpdrtnsd

rdqunrdb. Dnajty-dnajt pdridet k rdspkebdets

smnb mttrmitnea meb rdtmnenea rnsh `memad`det

prkdssnkemgs wntj tjd rdqunrdb shnggsns mt gdmst

sk`dwjmt ijmggdeanea, neigubnea 9< pdridet

tjmt ikesnbdrdb sdiurnea tmgdet tk ld dxtrd`dgy

kr vdry ijmggdeanea.

Qntj ardmtdr mttdetnke ly rdaugmtkrs ke

strdss tdstnea mt lmehs, rdspkebdets rk` tjdsd

nestntutnkes wdrd `krd gnhdgy tk smy tjdy kuebnssuds tk ld ijmggdeanea tjme tjksd rk` ktjdr

nestntutnkes. Ckr dxm`pgd, 22 pdridet k rdspke-

bdets mt lmehs smnb tjmt mttrmitnea meb rdtmne-

nea rnsh `memad`det prkdssnkemgs wntj tjd

rdqunrdb shnggsns dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea

wntj rdspdit tk strdss tdstnea, ik`pmrdb tk 92

pdridet m`kea nesurmeid ik`pmends. Yn`ngmrgy,

n`pgd`detnea kr`mg vmgnbmtnke prkidburds meb

bkiu`detmtnke stmebmrbs kr tjd `kbdgs usdb ne

strdss tdstnea wms ikesnbdrdb tk ld dxtrd`dgy kr

vdry ijmggdeanea ly 4? pdridet k rdspkebdets

mt lmehnea nestntutnkes ik`pmrdb tk 91 pdridet

k tjksd mt nesurdrs.


9?


33/76

LMEHY jmvd ldde sulfdit tk me mrrmy kedw rdaugmtkry rdqunrd`dets, wjnij jmvdneirdmsdb tjdnr iksts k ik`pgnmeid wjngd

pgminea edw gn`nts ke tjdnr lusnedss mitnvn-

tnds. Rdsd jmvd neigubdb tjd Bkbb-Crmeh Mitne tjd Tentdb Ytmtds, tjd TY Cdbdrmg \dsdrvds

D_Y, Lmsdg NNN impntmg meb gnqunbnty rdqunrd-

`dets, meb strdss tdsts rdqunrdb ly tjd Cdbdrmg

\dsdrvd meb tjd DIL. Anvde tjd vkgu`d k

rdaugmtkry ijmeads, nt ns ekt surprnsnea tjmt

rdspkebdets ne lmehnea (4= pdridet) wdrd

`krd gnhdgy tk rdpkrt tjmt tjdnr lkmrb k bnrdi-

tkrs ns bdvktnea ikesnbdrmlgy `krd tn`d tk tjd

kvdrsnajt k rnsh `memad`det tjme ldkrd tjme

wdrd tjksd ne nevdst`det `memad`det (9:pdridet) meb nesurmeid (91 pdridet).

Lmsdg NNNLmsdg NNN netrkbuidb m jnajdr impntmg

rdqunrd`det, wntj lmehs rdqunrdb tk jkgb

impntmg dqunvmgdet tk mt gdmst 3 pdridet k tndr =

rnsh-wdnajtdb mssdts meb m impntmg ikesdrvm-

tnke ludr k


34/76

Rd Lmsdg NNN bdmbgneds kr rdaugmtkry

impntmg mrd ldnea pjmsdb ne tjrkuaj


35/76

pdridet k rdspkebdets smnb tjdnr lmeh mgrdmby

`ddts tjd gnqunbnty rmtnks, wjngd mektjdr


36/76

Dqunty ndr Ked rmtnk, EYC\ meb GI\ gdvdrmad

rmtnks, meb A-YNL rdqunrd`dets, m`kea ktjdrs.

Ekt kegy jmvd tjdy sdrvdb tk neirdmsd ik`pgn-

meid iksts, lmehs kde struaagd tk bdvdgkp

m ikesnstdet mpprkmij tk ik`pgynea wntj

tjd bnvdrsnty k rdqunrd`dets, ne pmrt bud tk

bnvnbdb rdspkesnlngntnds meb tk tjd bniugty k

kltmnenea maardamtdb, jnaj-qumgnty rnsh bmtm.

GDMBNEA _\MIRNIDY NE LMEHNEA \NYH @MEMAD@DER

Rjdrd jmvd ldde `mey mrdms wjdrd dxpditmtnkes jmvd rnsde meb lmehs jmvd dejmeidb rnsh`memad`det impmlngntnds. Yk`d kc tjd gdmbnea prmitnids meb ktjdr n`pkrtmet mrdms ckr lmehs tkikesnbdr neigubd6

Ytrdeatjdenea rnsh akvdremeid ly dejmeinea tjd lkmrb rnsh ik``nttdd wntj m lkmrb rnsh dxpdrt mebnebdpdebdet bnrditkrs

_rkvnbnea dccditnvd ijmggdead kc tjd rnsh meb impntmg `memad`det prkidssds ly tjd lkmrb rnsh

ik``nttdd

Dejmeinea tjd lmehs rnsh mppdtntd crm`dwkrh meb stmtd`det ne wmys tjmt igdmrgy mrtniugmtd tjdlusnedss mitnvntnds tjd r` ns wnggnea tk deamad ne meb tjd typds meb gdvdgs kc rnsh nt ns wnggnea tkmssu`d tjrkuajkut tjd kramenzmtnke

Netdarmtnea tjd mssu`ptnkes usdb ne strmtdani pgmeenea, impntmg pgmeenea, meb rnsh `memad`det

N`prkvnea rnsh iugturd meb ikebuit rnsh `memad`det ly dstmlgnsjnea igdmr lusnedss prmitnidsaunbmeid meb kvdrsnajt `dijmens`s

@krd cuggy netdarmtnea rnsh `memad`det netk tjd ik`pdesmtnke prkidss ly dejmeinea rnsh-lmsdbneidetnvd struiturds ckr `memad`det meb rnsh-tmhnea pdrskeedg

Kpdrmtnkemgnznea detdrprnsd-wnbd strdss-tdstnea necrmstruiturd meb impmlngntnds netk lmeh lusnedss-ms-usumg prkidssds

Dvmgumtnea n`pmit kc meb pgmeenea ckr prkpksdb rdvnsnkes tk rdaugmtkry impntmg imgiugmtnke`dtjkbkgkands

Netdarmtnea gnqunbnty meb impntmg `memad det pgmeenea prkidssds

Ytrdeatjdenea tjd lmehs tjrdd gneds kc bdcdesd crm`dwkrh ly ldttdr bdenea rkgds mebrdspkesnlngntnds kc dmij, neigubnea dsimgmtnke prkidburds, tk prkvnbd mpprkprnmtd ijdihs meb lmgmeidstjmt mrd wdgg uebdrstkkb meb n`pgd`detdb mirkss tjd kramenzmtnke

Lungbnea impmlngntnds tk prmitnimggy n`pgd`det meb kpdrmtd rdikvdry meb rdskgutnke pgmes mirksslusnedss mrdms

Dejmeinea tjd `kbdg bdvdgkp`det meb vmgnbmtnke crm`dwkrh meb impmlngntnds tk ikvdr mgg `kbdgs kctjd lmeh tjmt brnvd emeid, rnsh, meb impntmg rdsugts

Dvmgumtnea meb n`prkvnea deb-tk-deb rnsh meb emeid bmtm crk` trmesmitnke krnanemtnke mebrdcdrdeid bmtm tk memgytnis, maardamtnke, meb rdpkrtnea


92


37/76

RJD n`pmits k rdaugmtkry rdkr` ke nesur-drs jmvd ldde snaenimet. Miikrbnea tkm Bdgknttd memgysns, tjd Durkpdme nesurmeid

nebustry spdet ldtwdde $4.1 meb $3.3 lnggnke

ne


38/76

tk mssdss ik`prdjdesnvdgy mgg tjdnr rnshs meb

ikesnbdr strdss sidemrnks wjde mssdssnea

impntmg mbdqumiy.

Ikuetrnds ne Msnm-_mini mrd mgsk `kv-

nea tkwmrb mbkptnea Ykgvdeiy NN neigubneaMustrmgnm, Fmpme, @mgmysnm, meb mnwme.>>

Mt tjd netdremtnkemg gdvdg, tjd NMNY ns

bdvdgkpnea m rnsh-lmsdb arkup-wnbd agklmg

Nesurmeid Impntmg Ytmebmrb (NIY) kr agklmg

systd`nimggy n`pkrtmet nesurdrs (A-YNNs) meb

kr Netdremtnkemggy Mitnvd Nesurmeid Arkups,

wjnij ns bud tk ld ik`pgdtdb ly tjd deb k


39/76


Ektd6 _dridetmads wdrd imgiugmtdb ke m lmsd kc rdspkebdets mt nestntutnkes prkvnbnea nesurmeid kr rdnesurmeid sdrvnids.

Mitumrnmg rdsdrvnea

\daugmtkry impntmg

Ytrdss tdstnea

Igmn`s rmtnk memgysns

Dikek`ni impntmg

Mssdt mbdqumiy memgysns

Smgud mt rnsh

Smgud kc edw lusnedss

@mrhdt ikesnstdet d`ldbbdb vmgud

Byem`ni emeinmg memgysns

Ytkijmstni d`ldbbdb vmgud

:1%

1:%

14%

33%

41%

4=%

4?%

22%

2=%%

93%

2=%

91%

91%

9


40/76

GDMBNEA _\MIRNIDY NE NEYT\MEID \NYH @MEMAD@DER

Ms agklmg rdaugmtkry lkbnds meb lkmrbs kc bnrditkrs neirdmsneagy ture tjdnr mttdetnke tk jkw nesurmeiddetntnds mrd `memanea rnsh, tjdrd mrd m eu`ldr kc mrdms wjdrd nesurdrs sjkugb ckius tjdnr dcckrts tk

`ddt tjdsd ijmggdeads.

Cnemgnznea bdvdgkp`det meb n`pgd`detmtnke kc m sustmnemlgd K\YM prkidss tjmt ns cuggy netdarmtdbnetk lusnedss strmtday meb bdinsnke `mhnea

N`prkvnea gnehmads kc qumetntmtnvd rnsh `dmsurds tk rnsh gn`nts meb tkgdrmeids n`pgd`detdb ne lusnedsskpdrmtnkes

Dejmeinea `dtjkbs tk `dmsurd meb rdmit tk d`dranea rdputmtnkemg meb strmtdani rnshs

Dstmlgnsjnea n`prkvdb rnsh akvdremeid tk rddit neirdmsdb rdaugmtkry dxpditmtnkes ckr me dccditnvdsdikeb gned kc bdcdesd rnsh `memad`det cueitnke

Iketneunea tk `kentkr meb dvmgumtd pktdetnmg n`pmit kc prkpksdb nesurmeid rdaugmtkry arkup impntmgstmebmrbs

Mbvmeinea iurrdet `dtjkbs ckr dvmgumtnea kpdrmtnkemg rnsh tjrkuaj bdvdgkp`det kc dejmeidbhdy rnsh nebnimtkrs, `krd rklust gkss dvdet bmtm ikggditnke, meb nebustry-mpprkprnmtd qumetntmtnvd`dmsurd`det dtjkbkgkands

Nevdstnea ne rnsh bmtm qumgnty meb systd`s tk demlgd `krd dccditnvd rnsh `kentkrnea, rdpkrtnea, mebmemgytnis

Curtjdr strdeatjdenea rnsh iugturd ly d`ldbbnea rnsh `memad`det ne lusnedss strmtday meb mbbnea

nesnajts netk rnsh-tmhnea mitnvntnds


9:


41/76

RJD nevdst`det `memad`det sditkr nsbnvdrsd, ik`prnsnea ekt kegy gmrad meblkutnqud stmeb-mgked mssdt `memad`det r`s

lut mgsk sulsnbnmrnds k bnvdrsndb lmehs meb

nesurmeid ik`pmends. Bdpdebnea ke tjdnrstruiturd, nevdst`det memad`det kpdrmtnkes

ime ld sulfdit tk m vmrndty k rdqunrd`dets

n`pksdb ly rdaugmtkrs kr tjd pmrdet lmehnea

kr nesurmeid ik`pmey.

\dspkebdets rk` nevdst`det `memad-

`det r`s wdrd mshdb jkw tjdnr kramenzm-

tnke mssdssds nevdst`det rnsh. Ly mr tjd `kst

ik``ke mpprkmij ns pdrkr`meid mttrnlu-

tnke mamnest m ldeij`mrh (>1 pdridet). Ktjdr

`dmsurds mrd d`pgkydb ly jmg kr `krd knevdst`det memad`det nestntutnkes6 mebmtd

lrdmijds (1< pdridet), mlskgutd rdture (3> pdr-

idet), meb Yjmrpd rmtnk (4? pdridet).

Nevdst`det `memad`det r`s mrd typn-

imggy strkea ne `memanea `mrhdt rnsh sneid

tjns ns idetrmg tk tjdnr lusnedss. @mey mrd ekw

mbbrdssnea rnsh `memad`det mrdms wjdrd

tjdy `my ekt ld ms strkea suij ms N mppgnim-tnkes, bmtm `memad`det, meb kvdrsnajt k tjd

dxtdebdb detdrprnsd. \dspkebdets wdrd mshdb

tk rmtd jkw ijmggdeanea dmij k m sdrnds k

nssuds ns kr tjd nevdst`det rnsh `memad`det

ueitnke ne tjdnr kramenzmtnke (aurd =2).

\nsh tdijekgkay meb bmtmRd tdijekgkay meb bmtm usdb tk `kentkr

meb `memad rnsh iketneud tk ld tkp prnkrntnds

meb ikeidres kr nevdst`det `memad`detr`s. Ne tjd pdrnkb kggkwnea tjd agklmg eme-

inmg irnsns, `mey mssdt `memadrs nevdst`dets

Yditkr spktgnajt6 Nevdst`det

`memad`det


Ektd6 Cnaurds rdprdsdet tjd pdridetmad kc rdspkebdets nbdetncynea dmij ntd` ms dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea. _dridetmads wdrdimgiugmtdb ke m lmsd kc rdspkebdets mt nestntutnkes tjmt prkvnbd nevdst`det memad`det sdrvnids.

9:%

NR mppgnimtnkesmeb systd`s

44%

\daugmtkryik`pgnmeid

2:%

Bmtm memad`detmeb mvmngmlngnty

2


42/76

ne rnsh tdijekgkay rdditdb m ldst-k-lrddb

mpprkmij, mbbrdssnea amps ne ikvdrmad meb

tjd bdptj k rnsh memgytnis mirkss mssdt igmssds

meb prkbuits tjrkuaj tjd usd k `ugtnpgd rnsh

deaneds kr sdrvnid prkvnbdrs. Neirdmsnea tjdbdptj meb ikvdrmad k rnsh memgytnis mbbrdssdb

ked eddb lut nembvdrtdetgy irdmtdb mbbntnkemg

nssuds ly neirdmsnea tjd skurids meb vkgu`d

k rnsh bmtm. Rd prkgndrmtnke k rnsh bmtm jms

ijmggdeadb tjd mlngnty k mssdt `memadrs tk

maardamtd rnsh `dmsurds meb dxpksurds mirkss

`ugtnpgd prkbuits, uebs, meb strmtdands tk

mijndvd m jkgnstni vndw k rnsh.

Curtjdr `maenynea tjns ijmggdead ns tjd

bd`meb ly rdaugmtkrs kr mbbntnkemg bmtm

meb rdpkrtnea ly mssdt `memadrs. Ne Durkpd,

tjd Mgtdremtnvd Nevdst`det Cueb @memadrs

Bnrditnvd (MNC@B) dstmlgnsjdb bdtmngdb

rdqunrd`dets kr rdpkrtnea gnqunbnty, rnsh

prkgds, meb gdvdrmad. TY pdesnke uebs mrd

ekw sulfdit tk miikuetnea rdaugmtkry ijmeads

tjmt jmvd prk`ptdb m eddb kr snaenimet

dejmeid`dets ne bmtm qumgnty meb memgysns.

Mbbntnkemggy, rdidet rd`mrhs ly m `d`ldr k

tjd Lkmrb k Akvdrekrs k tjd Cdbdrmg \dsdrvd

ne tjd Tentdb Ytmtds pknet tk tjd kius k

lktj tjd CYL meb tjd CYKI ke mssdssnea tjd

`maentubd k gnqunbnty meb rdbd`ptnke rnsh

wntjne tjd mssdt `memad`det sditkr ms m tkkg

kr `mirk-prubdetnmg rdaugmtnke.=??Rns wngg

rdqunrd `mey mssdt `memadrs tk nevdst ne tjdnr

impmlngntnds mrkueb gnqunbnty rnsh `dmsurd`det

meb `kentkrnea.

Yk`d nestntutnkes jmvd nevdstdb ne bmtm

wmrdjkusds ne me dkrt tk n`prkvd tjd mvmng-

mlngnty meb qumgnty k rnsh bmtm, lut jmvd midbtjd ijmggdead k `mhnea surd tjd bmtm pgmidb

netk tjd` mrd igdme meb miiurmtd. Yk`d

kramenzmtnkes jmvd ekt n`pgd`detdb drrkr-

bdtditnke prkidssds kr mssnaedb rdspkesnlng-

nty kr bmtm qumgnty wjde irdmtnea tjdnr bmtm

wmrdjkusds. Ms m rdsugt, bmtm akvdremeid ns

d`dranea ms me n`pkrtmet kius kr nevdst-

`det `memadrs, meb sk`d kramenzmtnkes jmvd

irdmtdb m ijnd bmtm kidr pksntnke tk jdgp

mbbrdss nt.Qntj tjd neirdmsnea ik`pgdxnty k rnsh bmtm

nermstruiturd meb tjd kius k rdaugmtkrs ke

rnsh tdijekgkay meb bmtm, nt ns ekt surprns-

nea tjmt snaenimetgy ardmtdr pdridetmads k

rdspkebdets smnb tjdy ikesnbdr tjdsd nssuds

tk ld dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea kr tjdnr

nevdst`det `memad`det mitnvntnds tjme wmstjd imsd ne


43/76

irdmtd amps ne iketrkg kr m bupgnimtnke k dkrt.

Ne pmrtniugmr, stmeb-mgked nevdst`det memad-

`det r`s `my eddb tk rddxm`ned tjd rkgd

k tjd lkmrbs k bnrditkrs k tjdnr uebs, tjdnr

ik``nttdd struiturd, meb tjd prkidss ne pgmidtk nbdetny meb dsimgmtd hdy rnshs.

Ik`pgnmeid rnsh`memad`det prkarm`

Nevdst`det memad`det r`s sjkugb jmvd

m rnakrkus prkarm` ne pgmid tk nbdetny meb

`memad dvkgvnea ik`pgnmeid rnshs. Rd klfdi-

tnvd k m ik`pgnmeid rnsh `memad`det prkarm`

ns tk jdgp desurd tjd r` ns ne ik`pgnmeid wntj

rdaugmtkry aunbdgneds meb ns `mhnea ikesnstdet

meb miiurmtd bnsigksurds rdgmtdb tk lusnedss

prmitnids meb ikenits k netdrdst. Cnr`s sjkugb

pdrnkbnimggy dvmgumtd tjd dditnvdedss k tjdnr

ik`pgnmeid prkarm` neigubnea dxm`nenea suij

nssuds ms tjd kggkwnea6 akvdremeid meb tjd usd

k tjd tjrdd gneds k bddesd rnsh akvdremeid

`kbdg8 suppkrtnea nermstruiturd (neigubnea

ju`me rdskurids, lusnedss prkidssds, meb tdij-

ekgkay)8 `memad`det k tjnrb-pmrty prkvnbdrs8

tjd kramenzmtnkes rnsh iugturd8 `memad`det k

ikenits k netdrdst8 strdeatj k netdremg ike-

trkgs8 miiurmiy meb ikesnstdeiy k bnsigksurds

meb ik``uenimtnkes8 netdarmtnke k ik`pgn-

meid rnsh `memad`det wntj D\@8 meb tjd

uebdrstmebnea ly tjd kramenzmtnke meb nts pdr-

skeedg k jkw buinmry buty ns n`pgd`detdb.

Nevdst`det ik`pgnmeid `kentkrneaNevdst`det `memad`det r`s ime ldedt

rk` me nevdst`det ik`pgnmeid kentkrnea

prkarm`. Yuij m `kentkrnea prkarm` ime jdgpnbdetny meb mbbrdss mey lrdmhbkwes ne ike-

trkgs usdb tk ik`pgy wntj rdaugmtkry rdqunrd-

`dets, kpdrmtnkemg nedindeinds rdamrbnea

trmbd `kentkrnea, neikesnstdet kr nembdqumtd

prkidssds usdb tk `kentkr igndet pkrtkgnks,

meb neikesnstdet bmtm usmad kr pkkr prkidssds

tk netdarmtd edw bmtm.

Ikenits kc netdrdst

\dbuinea ikenits k netdrdst m`keanevdst`det `memad`det meb ktjdr emeinmg

nestntutnkes ns m prnkrnty kr rdaugmtkrs mrkueb

tjd wkrgb. Rd YDI meekueidb tjmt ked k nts

dxm`nemtnke prnkrntnds kr

Ikenits k netdrdst ime mdit edmrgy mgg

mspdits k nevdst`det `memad`det neigub-

nea prkbuit bdvdgkp`det, igndet ke-lkmrbnea,

pkrtkgnk `memad`det, pdrskemg trmbnea, meb

`memanea sdrvnid prkvnbdrs. Nevdst`det `me-

mad`det r`s `my eddb tk dejmeid tjdnr prk-

idssds tk nbdetny, rdikrb, memgyzd, meb bnsigksd

ikenits k netdrdst. Yneid ikenits k netdrdstime mrnsd ms rdaugmtnkes ijmead meb m r`s

prkbuits meb strmtdands dvkgvd, nt ns jdgpug tk

ikebuit m ik`pgnmeid rdvndw mt gdmst meeumggy

tk nbdetny mey edw ikenits k netdrdst tjmt

`my jmvd mrnsde.

Igndet ke-lkmrbneaNe Bdgknttds dxpdrndeid, `mey ik`pgnmeid

vnkgmtnkes ime ld trmidb lmih tk tjd igndet ke-

lkmrbnea prkidss. Hekw ykur iustk`dr mebiustk`dr igmssnimtnke rdqunrd`dets mrd neikr-

pkrmtdb netk eu`drkus rdaugmtnkes neigubnea


2=


44/76

@nCNB NN, Durkpdme @mrhdt Nermstruiturd

\daugmtnke (D@N\), tjd Bkbb-Crmeh Mit,

meb tjd Ckrdnae Miikuet mx Ik`pgnmeid

Mit (CMIM). Ne Muaust


45/76

@memanea tjd rnshs pksdb ly tjnrb pmrtnds

ns mgsk `krd ik`pgdx tjme dvdr ldkrd. Rnrb

pmrtnds `my ne ture suliketrmit sk`d k tjdnr

sdrvnids tk mbbntnkemg prkvnbdrs, `mhnea nt bn-

iugt kr nevdst`det `memad`det r`s tk amnevnsnlngnty netk tjd rnsh `memad`det prmitnids

k tjdsd sul-sdrvnid prkvnbdrs (mgsk rddrrdb tk

ms kurtj pmrtnds) meb rmnsnea tjd pktdetnmg

kr ikeidetrmtnke rnsh n sdvdrmg k tjdnr tjnrb

pmrtnds usd ik``ke sul-sdrvnid prkvnbdrs.

Mbbnea tk tjd ik`pgdxnty, krd netdr`dbn-

mrnds tjmt bnstrnlutd uebs, suij ms lrkhdr/

bdmgdrs, mrd mgsk ldik`nea sdrvnid prkvnbdrs

ly d`pgkynea me kènlus miikuetnea `kbdg

ne wjnij tjdy `mnetmne miikuet nekr`mtnke

meb trmesmitnke jnstkrnds kr tjdnr iustk`drs

tjrkuaj sul-miikuetnea systd`s meb ijmrad

kr tjdsd sdrvnids. Cnemggy, dvde wjde me

nevdst`det `memad`det r` jms m tjnrb-pmrty

rdgmtnkesjnp wntj me mgnmtdb detnty wntjne tjd

sm`d pmrdet ik`pmey, nt ùst stngg tmhd stdps tk

mssdss tjd dditnvdedss k tjd mgnmtdb detntys

rnsh `memad`det prkarm` meb iketrkgs,

hddpnea ne `neb tjd pktdetnmg kr ikenits

k netdrdst.

\daugmtkry mutjkrntnds jmvd neirdmsdb tjdnr

mttdetnke tk tjnrb-pmrty rnsh. Ckr nevdst`det

`memad`det kpdrmtnkes tjmt mrd sulsnbnmrnds

k lmehs, tjd Cdbdrmg \dsdrvd meb tjd KII mrd

kiusdb ke tjd rnshs pksdb ly tjdsd rdgmtnke-

sjnps ne suij mrdms ms ikesu`dr prktditnke meb

lusnedss iketneunty.==9TY lmehnea rdaugmtkrs

dxpdit tjmt dditnvd rnsh `memad`det k tjnrb-

pmrty rdgmtnkesjnps wngg neigubd wrnttde ike-

trmits meb pgmes tjmt kutgned tjd lmehs strmtday,

nbdetny tjd nejdrdet rnshs k tjd mitnvnty, mebbdtmng jkw tjd lmeh sdgdits, mssdssds, meb

kvdrsdds tjd tjnrb pmrty. Rd YDI jms rdqunrdb

nevdst`det ik`pmends tk bdsnaemtd m ijnd

ik`pgnmeid kidr wjk rdpkrts tk tjd lkmrb k

bnrditkrs, meb ked k tjdnr butnds ns tk kvdrsdd

tjd ik`pgnmeid prkarm`s k tjd kramenzmtnkes

sdrvnid prkvnbdrs.==2Rd YDI jms mgsk kiusdb

ke tjd kènlus meb netdr`dbnmry dd pmy`det

`kbdgs tk mssdss bnstrnlutnke ne aunsd ike-

nits ms wdgg ms lkmrb meb ueb `memad`detkvdrsnajt k tjdsd mrrmead`dets.

Rd YDIs


46/76

prkarm` meb trmespmrdeiy. Keaknea kentkr-

nea sjkugb deik`pmss tjd dditnvdedss k tjd

vdebkrs rnsh `memad`det prkarm` meb jkw

tjdy mrd `memanea d`dranea rnshs.

Nestntutnkes ime ldedt rk` jmvnea dstml-gnsjdb prkidssds meb m sdt sijdbugd wntj wjnij

tk mssdss tjdsd rnshs. @kst rdspkebdets mt

nestntutnkes prkvnbnea nevdst`det memad`det

sdrvnids smnb tjdy rdvndw tjd rnshs rk` tjdnr

rdgmtnkesjnps wntj bndrdet typds k vdebkrs

mt gdmst meeumggy6 mb`nenstrmtkrs (:> pdridet),

tdijekgkay vdebkrs (14 pdridet), iustkbnmes

(3: pdridet), bnstrnlutkrs (34 pdridet), trmesdr

madets (3< pdridet), meb prn`d lrkhdrs (19

pdridet). Rd typd k vdebkr rdgmtnkesjnp tjmt

ns gdmst kde sulfditdb tk me meeumg rdvndw ns

ikesugtmets (44 pdridet).

Nestntutnkes sjkugb irdmtd me nevdetkry k

mgg tjdnr tjnrb-pmrty rdgmtnkesjnps meb bdvdgkp

m kr`mg prkidss tk mssdss meb rmeh tjd` lmsdb

ke tjd n`pkrtmeid k tjd sdrvnids prkvnbdb meb

tjd rnshs msskinmtdb wntj dmij rdgmtnkesjnp. Ms

pmrt k tjns dxm`nemtnke, tjd mssdss`det sjkugb

nbdetny tjd `mtdrnmg, eke-pulgni nekr`mtnke

mlkut tjd nestntutnke meb tjd pdrskemg nbdetny-

nea nekr`mtnke rdamrbnea iustk`drs tjmt dmij

tjnrb pmrty jms miidss tk.

Gdmbnea prmitnids, neigubnea tjd KII

rm`dwkrh, neigubd sda`detnea tjnrb-pmrty

prkvnbdrs lmsdb ke rnsh rmehneas suij ms gkw,

`dbnu`, jnaj, meb irntnimg. Mgtjkuaj nt ns

n`pkrtmet kr nestntutnkes tk kius ke irntn-

img rdgmtnkesjnps, me dditnvd tjnrb-pmrty rnsh

`memad`det prkarm` sjkugb dvmgumtd meb

kvdrsdd tk sk`d dxtdet tjd rnshs pksdb ly mgg

tjnrb pmrtnds. Nestntutnkes sjkugb mssdss tjdtrmbd-ks ldtwdde tjd gdvdg k rnsh pksdb ly

dmij k nts tjnrb pmrtnds meb tjd ikst, lktj ne

tn`d meb `kedy, tk `kentkr meb `memad tjd

rnshs msskinmtdb wntj dmij rdgmtnkesjnp.

\dskurinea\dskurinea k tjd nevdst`det `memad`det

rnsh `memad`det ueitnke wms ikesnbdrdb tk

ld dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea ly 99 pdridet

k rdspkebdets (rkuajgy sn`ngmr tk pdridet

ne


47/76

GDMBNEA _\MIRNIDY NE NESDYR@DER @MEMAD@DER

Ms ns trud mirkss ktjdr pmrts kc tjd emeinmg sdrvnids nebustry, tjd rnsh `memad`det prmitnids kc mssdt`memad`det r`s mrd dvkgvnea meb uebdr neirdmsnea sirutney. Yk`d kc tjd gdmbnea prmitnids meb ktjdr

n`pkrtmet mrdms ckr nevdst`det `memad`det r`s tk ikesnbdr neigubd6

Akvdremeid

\ddxm`nenea meb ed-tuenea tjd `mebmtd meb rdspkesnlngntnds kc lkmrbs kc bnrditkrs meb tjdstruiturd kc `memad`det ik``nttdds tk jdgp neirdmsd tjdnr dccditnvdedss ne kvdrsddnea meb`memanea rnshs

Nbdetncynea hdy rnshs meb n`pgd`detnea dccditnvd kvdrsnajt, neigubnea mpprkprnmtd dsimgmtnke mebrdpkrtnea prmitnids

\dvndwnea tjd tjrdd gneds kc bdcdesd meb tjd rkgds meb rdspkesnlngntnds kc dmij

Ldjmvnkr

_rk`ktnea rnsh iugturd ly dstmlgnsjnea igdmr lusnedss prmitnids, aunbmeid, meb kvdrsnajt `dijmens`s

\dvndwnea `dtjkbs tk nbdetncy edw meb ijmeanea ikenits kc netdrdst

Dejmeinea igndet ke-lkmrbnea prkidssds tk jdgp prk`ktd rdaugmtkry ik`pgnmeid meb rnsh`memad`det ne me neirdmsneagy ik`pgdx agklmg devnrke`det

Dxdiutnke

N`pgd`detnea m ik`prdjdesnvd dxtdebdb detdrprnsd rnsh `memad`det prkarm` tjmt mggkws ckr `krd

dccditnvd rnsh memad`det kc tjnrb-pmrty prkvnbdrs

Dejmeinea nevdst`det ik`pgnmeid `kentkrnea tk n`prkvd rnsh nbdetnimtnke, neirdmsd kpdrmtnkemgdcindeinds, meb n`prkvd tjd igndet dxpdrndeid

Ikebuitnea trmbd memgytnis tk n`prkvd kvdrmgg `kentkrnea meb survdnggmeid meb tk nbdetncy mrdms kcn`prkvd`det

Necrmstruiturd

Ytrdeatjdenea tjd kvdrmgg dccditnvdedss kc bmtm `memad`det ms m hdy demlgdr ckr rnsh `memad`detmeb rdpkrtnea

Neirdmsnea tjd `mturnty kc iyldr rnsh prkarm`s tk miik``kbmtd tjd dvkgvnea tjrdmt gmebsimpd mebnetdarmtnea iyldr rnsh kvdrsnajt netk tjd dxtdebdb detdrprnsd (tjnrb-pmrty prkvnbdrs)

Mbbrdssnea tjd gn`ntmtnkes kc manea necrmstruiturd tk `krd dccditnvdgy `memad rnsh ne me neirdmsneagyik`pgdx meb agklmg kpdrmtnea devnrke`det


24


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QJDE mshdb tk mssdss jkw tjdnr nestntu-tnke `memads rnsh kvdrmgg, 14 pdridetk rdspkebdets dgt nt wms dxtrd`dgy kr vdry

dditnvd, sn`ngmr tk tjd rdsugts ne


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ne `memanea `krd trmbntnkemg rnsh typds suij

ms irdbnt(>< pdridet), mssdt meb gnmlngnty(:>

pdridet), gnqunbnty(:> pdridet), ikuetdrpmrty

(:? pdridet), meb `mrhdt(:? pdridet). Ckr

tjdsd rnsh typds, nestntutnkes typnimggy jmvd`krd wdgg bdvdgkpdb rnsh `dtjkbkgkands, bmtm,

meb nermstruiturd. Ne mbbntnke, rdaugmtkry

rdqunrd`dets meb dxpditmtnkes mrd wdgg bdedb

meb uebdrstkkb.

Cny-snx pdridet k rdspkebdets ikesnb-

drdb tjdnr nestntutnke tk ld dxtrd`dgy kr vdry

dditnvd ne `memanea kpdrmtnkemg rnsh, wjnij

rddits tjd mit tjmt kpdrmtnkemg rnsh ns m

bnvdrsd rnsh typd r`s eb bniugt tk bded

meb `dmsurd.

\dspkebdets mgsk amvd gkwdr rmtneas ms

ldnea dxtrd`dgy kr vdry dditnvd tk sdvdrmg

ktjdr rnsh typds6 ikuetry/skvdrdnae(3: pdridet),

rdputmtnke(33 pdridet), strmtdani(3? pdridet),

systd`ni(44 pdridet), mebadkpkgntnimg(21

pdridet). Rdsd rnsh typds mrd edwdr, meb ms m

rdsugt tjdrd mrd dwdr miidptdb `dtjkbkgkands

meb tkkgs, rnsh bmtm `my ekt ld mvmngmlgd, meb

rdaugmtkry dxpditmtnkes mrd gdss igdmrgy bdedb.

\dspkebdets wdrd mshdb wjnij tjrdd rnsh

typds tjdy ldgndvdb wkugb neirdmsd tjd `kst ne

n`pkrtmeid tk tjdnr nestntutnke kvdr tjd edxt

twk ydmrs. Anvde tjd bdptj meb lrdmbtj k

rdaugmtkry ijmead, nt wms ekt surprnsnea tjmt

tjd rnsh typd `kst kde rmehdb m`kea tjd

tkp tjrdd wms rdaugmtkry/ik`pgnmeid rnsh(4=

pdridet) (aurd =3).

Rd rnsh typd intdb edxt `kst kde ms

neirdmsnea ne n`pkrtmeid wms iyldrsdiurnty

rnsh (9> pdridet). Mgtjkuaj `mey rdspkebdets

dxpditdb iyldrsdiurnty rnsh wkugb ld ked ktjd rnshs tk neirdmsd `kst ne n`pkrtmeid kvdr

tjd edxt twk ydmrs, kegy 2< pdridet dgt tjdnr

nestntutnke ns dxtrd`dgy kr vdry dditnvd ne

`memanea nt.

Mgtjkuaj irdbnt rnshns m `mturd rnsh typd,

tjdrd mrd m eu`ldr k rdmskes tjmt `my dxpgmne

wjy


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maardamtnea tjd rdsugts k irdbnt rnsh imgiugmtnkes

mirkss pkrtkgnks meb lusnedss mrdmsns dxtrd`dgy

kr vdry ijmggdeanea.

Rdsd mitnvntnds mrd dspdinmggy bd`mebnea

kr gmradr nestntutnkes tjmt jmvd `ugtnpgd gneds

k lusnedss meb kpdrmtd ne eu`drkus adk-

armpjni `mrhdts. Rd bdardd k bniugty rm`ps

up mdr `dradrs, wjde me nestntutnke `ust

netdarmtd tjd miqunrdb nestntutnkes bmtm, wjnij

`my ekt ld ne m ik`pmrmlgd kr`mt meb `my

ikvdr m bndrdet tn`d pdrnkb tjme nts dxnstnea

irdbnt rnsh bmtm.

@mrhdt rnsh@mrhdt rnsh ns m `mturd rnsh typd wntj

adedrmggy wdgg-bdvdgkpdb `dtjkbkgkands, meb

rdgmtnvdgy dw rdspkebdets ikesnbdrdb spdini

nssuds tk ld ijmggdeanea. Rd nssud `kst kde

ikesnbdrdb tk ld dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea

wms kltmnenea suindet, tn`dgy, meb miiurmtd

`mrhdt rnsh bmtm(


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prkidburds kr gnqunbnty rnsh tjme kr irdbnt meb

`mrhdt rnsh.

Rd twk nssuds intdb `kst kde ms dxtrd`dgy

kr vdry ijmggdeanea ikeidredb ik`pgynea wntj

Lmsdg NNN gnqunbnty rdqunrd`dets6 nevdst`detne kpdrmtnkemg meb ktjdr impmlngntnds tk ik`-

pgy wntj tjd Lmsdg NNN EYC\ (2? pdridet) meb

nevdst`det ne kpdrmtnkemg meb ktjdr impmlngntnds

tk ik`pgy wntj tjd Lmsdg NNN GI\(9= pdridet)

(aurd =1).

\kuajgy ked-tjnrb k rdspkebdets smnb tjmt

bdvdgkpnea m irdbnlgd sdt k systd`ni meb nbnksye-

irmtni gnqunbnty strdss sidemrnksns dxtrd`dgy kr

vdry ijmggdeanea. Cnemggy, rnsh bmtm wms mgsk m

ikeidre, wntj 9= pdridet k rdspkebdets smynea

tjmt kltmnenea suindet, tn`dgy, meb miiurmtd

rnsh bmtmns dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdeanea.

Mssdt gnmlngnty `memad`detMgtjkuaj mssdt gnmlngnty `memad`det

jms ldde m gkeastmebnea prkidss mt `mey

nestntutnkes, ikebuitnea tjd skpjnstnimtdb

memgysds meb krdimsts ns ik`pgdx. Rd nssud

intdb `kst kde ms dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ijmggdea-

nea kr mssdt gnmlngnty `memad`det wms mlngnty

tk `kbdg ke m byem`ni lmsns tjd n`pmit ke edtnetdrdst neik`d k ijmeanea netdrdst rmtds meb

ijmeanea lmgmeid sjddt( pdridet).

Kltmnenea mssdt gnmlngnty rnsh bmtm ns mgsk m

ijmggdead mt sk`d nestntutnkes. Rd nssud rmtdb

tjnrb `kst kde ly rdspkebdets ms dxtrd`dgy

kr vdry ijmggdeanea wms kltmnenea suindet,

tn`dgy, meb miiurmtd mssdt meb gnmlngnty bmtm(


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\dspkebdets `kst kde smnb tjdnr nestntu-

tnke pgmids me dxtrd`dgy kr vdry jnaj prnkrnty

ke `memanea tjrdd typds k kpdrmtnkemg rnsh

dvdets6 igndets, prkbuits, meb lusnedss prmi-

tnids (12 pdridet up rk` 4< pdridet ne


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tjnrb-pmrty (22 pdridet), bmtm netdarnty (2?

pdridet), meb `kbdg (91 pdridet).

Iyldrsdiurnty

Iyldrsdiurnty ns me kpdrmtnkemg rnsh typdtjmt jms ldik`d m jnaj prnkrnty kr emeinmg

nestntutnkes meb rdaugmtkrs. Rd eu`ldr meb

dxtdet k iyldr mttmihs jmvd sjkwe dxpk-

edetnmg arkwtj==:miikrbnea tk ked ikrpkrmtd

sdiurnty ijnd, wntj tjd emeinmg sdrvnids

nebustry ms m tkp tmradt.==>Ne rdspkesd, bkulgd-

bnant neirdmsds ne lmeh sdiurnty lubadts mrd

dxpditdb ne tjd edxt twk ydmrs.=


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gneds, meb/kr lusnedss mitnvntnds(3? pdridet up

rk` 2: pdridet).

@mey rdspkebdets mrd ikeidredb tjmt

ik`pgnmeid iksts wngg iketneud tk dsimgmtd.

Ikesnbdrnea tjd pktdetnmg n`pmit ke tjdnr

kramenzmtnke k supdrvnskry meb rdaugm-

tkry prkidssds, rdspkebdets wdrd `kst kde

dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ikeidredb mlkut nssuds

rdgmtdb tk ikst6 tnajtdr stmebmrbs kr rdaugmtnkes

tjmt wngg rmnsd tjd ikst k bknea dxnstnea lusnedss

(1< pdridet) mebarkwnea ikst k rdqunrdb bkiu-

`detmtnke meb dvnbdeid k prkarm` ik`pgnmeid(3? pdridet).

Rd n`pmits k dxm`nemtnkes meb dekrid-

`det mitnkes wdrd mgsk `detnkedb ly `mey

rdspkebdets6 rdaugmtkrs neirdmsnea neignemtnke

tk tmhd kr`mg meb nekr`mg dekrid`det mitnkes

(49 pdridet) meb`krd netrusnvd meb netdesd

dxm`nemtnkes(2> pdridet).

Edw rdaugmtkry rdqunrd`dets jmvd ekt

kegy neirdmsdb iksts, tjdy jmvd mgsk gn`ntdb tjd

mlngnty k `mey nestntutnkes tk adedrmtd rdv-

deuds. \dditnea tjns edw rdmgnty, 29 pdridet k

rdspkebdets smnb tjdy wdrd dxtrd`dgy kr vdry

ikeidredb kvdr edw rdstrnitnkes kr prkjnlntnkeske prktmlgd mitnvntnds tjmt wngg rdqunrd m snaen-

imet ijmead ne lusnedss `kbdg kr gdamg struiturd.

Ckr agklmg kramenzmtnkes, m juad ijmggdead ns trynea tk

`memad rdspkesds tk rdaugmtnkes mirkss bndrdet rdaugmtkrs

meb furnsbnitnkes. Qjngd wd tdeb ekt tk sdd rdaugmtkrstktmggy iketrmbnitnea ked mektjdr, tjd pmid k rdaugmtkry

ijmead ns kde quntd bndrdet ne bndrdet rdankes, meb tjmt

`mhds tjneas `krd ijmggdeanea kr us.

Ydenkr rnsh kcidr, lmehnea



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\nsh `memad`det neckr`mtnke

systd`s meb tdijekgkay

RJD agklmg emeinmg irnsns uebdrsikrdb tjdeddb kr rnsh bmtm tjmt mrd miiurmtd, tn`dgy,ikesnstdet, meb maardamtdb mirkss tjd detdr-

prnsd. Yneid tjde, rnsh bmtm jmvd ldde m prnkrnty

kr rdaugmtkrs.Ne


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Ektd6 Cnaurds rdprdsdet tjd pdridetmad kc rdspkebdets tjmt wdrd dxtrd`dgy kr vdry ikeidredb mlkut dmij nssud.

Gmih kc netdarmtnke m`kea systd`s

Gmih kc dxnlngnty tk dxtdeb tjdiurrdet systd`s

Nemlngnty tk rdspkeb tk tn`d-sdesntnvd mebmb-jki rdqudsts

Nemlngnty tk netdarmtd rnsh memgytnis crk``ugtnpgd rnsh systd`s

\nsh bmtm qumgnty meb `memad`det

Jnaj ikst kc `mnetdemeid meb vdebkr cdds

Gmih kc pdrckr`meid ckr `krd crdqudet mebtn`dgy rdpkrtnea

Gmih kc netdarmtdb rnsh meb emeid rdpkrtneackr dikek`ni impntmg kptn`nzmtnke

Kut-kc-bmtd `dtjkbkgkands

Nemlngnty tk skurid rdqunrdb cueitnkemgnty crk`m sneagd vdebkr

Ikestrmnets ne maardamtnke meb rdpkrtnea kc

rnsh memgytnis bud tk lmtij prkidssnea tn`ds

Gmih kc prkbuit meb mssdt igmss ikvdrmad

Gmih kc maardamtnke kc trmbnea meblmehnea lkkhs

Gmih kc irkss-mssdt-igmss rnsh imgiugmtnkes

Nemlngnty tk impturd neirdmsnea vkgu`ds

\nsh tdijekgkay mbmptmlngnty tk ijmeaneardaugmtkry rdqunrd`dets

23%

94%

92%

9=%


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Rd drm k rdaugmtkry rdkr` spmrhdb ly

tjd agklmg emeinmg irnsns jms ldik`d tjd edw

ekr`mg. Rdrd jms ldde me keaknea sdrnds k

edw rdaugmtnkes mditnea rnsh akvdremeid,

impntmg mbdqumiy, gnqunbnty, strdss tdstnea, mebprkjnlntnkes ke prkprndtmry trmbnea, m`kea

ktjdr mrdms. Nestntutnkes mrd ldnea rdqunrdb tk

dejmeid tjdnr impmlngntnds kr `memanea kpdrm-

tnkemg rnsh, wntj lktj rdaugmtkrs meb `memad-

`det dspdinmggy ikeidredb mlkut tjd n`pmits

k jmihnea meb ktjdr typds k iyldr mttmihs.

\daugmtkrs mrd mgsk kiusnea ke tjd qumgn-

tmtnvd mspdits k rnsh `memad`det. Rdy mrd

gkkhnea ldykeb qumetntmtnvd `dmsurds k `mr-

hdt, irdbnt, meb gnqunbnty rnsh tk mssdss wjdtjdrnestntutnkes jmvd irdmtdb m iugturd tjmt deikur-

mads d`pgkydds tk tmhd mpprkprnmtd rnshs meb

tjmt prk`ktds dtjnimg ldjmvnkr krd lrkmbgy.

Ne tjns dkrt, nt ns dssdetnmg tjmt neidetnvd ik`-

pdesmtnke sijd`ds mrd mgnaedb wntj me nestntu-

tnkes rnsh mppdtntd.

Yuiidss ne mgg tjdsd mrdms bdpdebs ke

qumgnty rnsh bmtm meb dditnvd nekr`mtnke

systd`s. dt, bdvdgkpnea miiurmtd, maardamtdb

rnsh bmtm ke m tn`dgy lmsns rd`mnes m ijmg-

gdead. @dmsurd`det ime ld dspdinmggy bniugt

kr sk`d rnsh typds, suij ms kpdrmtnkemg rnsh,

meb kr qumgntmtnvd nssuds, suij ms rnsh iugturd.

Bdgknttds Agklmg rnsh `memad`det survdynebn-

imtds tjdrd jms ldde prkardss ne `mey k tjdsd

mrdms. Lut wntj tjd rdaugmtkry dxpditmtnkes

ldnea rmtijdtdb up iketneumggy, nestntutnkes wngg

eddb tk hddp pmid ly rdaugmrgy uparmbnea tjdnr

rnsh memad`det impmlngntnds6

@mey nestntutnkes jmvd n`pgd`detdbstrkea rnsh akvdremeid mt tjd gdvdg k tjdnr

lkmrb k bnrditkrs meb sdenkr `memad`det,

neigubnea n`pgd`detnea me D\@ prkarm`

meb irdmtnea m I\K pksntnke. Rdy wngg

ekw eddb tk lrkmbde tjdnr pdrspditnvd tk

ikesnbdr jkw tjdy ime `memad ikebuit rnsh

ly d`ldbbnea m rnsh iugturd tjrkuajkut

tjdnr kramenzmtnke tjmt deikurmads dtjnimg

ldjmvnkr ly d`pgkydds. Hdys tk tjns dkrt

wngg ld tjd lkmrb k bnrditkrs meb sdenkr

`memad`det ik``uenimtnea tjd vmgud tjd

kramenzmtnke pgmids ke trdmtnea iustk`drs

mnrgy meb mgsk jmvnea neidetnvd ik`pdesm-

tnke prmitnids tjmt rdwmrb dtjnimg ldjmvnkr

meb mpprkprnmtd rnsh-tmhnea.

Ms rdaugmtkrs rdgy `krd ke strdss tdsts

tk mssdss impntmg mbdqumiy meb gnqunbnty,

nestntutnkes wngg eddb tk n`prkvd tjdnr strdsstdstnea impmlngntnds meb mttrmit pdrskeedg

Ikeigusnke


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wntj tjd rdqunrdb shnggs meb dxpdrndeid. Rd

tmgdet sjkrtmad ektdb ne tjns survdy wngg

`mhd tjns me keaknea ijmggdead.

@krd dditnvd memad`det k kpdrmtnkemgrnshs, dspdinmggy iyldrsdiurnty, wngg ld

dssdetnmg. Nestntutnkes wngg ekt kegy eddb

tk n`prkvd tjdnr N sdiurnty prkidssds, lut

mgsk tjdnr prkidssds kr sdgditnea vdebkrs

meb mssdssnea tjdnr sdiurnty prkidburds.

Nestntutnkes wngg eddb tk rdmssdss tjdnr rnsh

bmtm meb nekr`mtnke systd`s. @mey nestn-

tutnkes wngg eddb tk n`prkvd tjdnr miidss tk

jnaj-qumgnty meb tn`dgy rnsh bmtm ms wdgg ms

tjdnr mlngnty tk qunihgy maardamtd rnsh bmtm

mirkss gneds k lusnedss meb adkarmpjnds.

Cnemeinmg nestntutnkes mrd mbfustnea tk

tjd edw devnrke`det kr rnsh `memad`det.

@kst nestntutnkes wngg eddb tk dejmeid tjdnr

rnsh `memad`det prkarm`s tk stmy iurrdet

n`prkvnea memgytnimg impmlngntnds, nevdstnea nernsh bmtm meb nekr`mtnke systd`s, mttrmitnea

rnsh `memad`det tmgdet, kstdrnea me dtjnimg

iugturd, meb mgnaenea neidetnvd ik`pdesmtnke

prmitnids wntj rnsh mppdtntd. Rdy wngg eb

tjmt lusnedss strmtdands meb `kbdgs `ust ld

rdmssdssdb ne rdspkesd tk ijmeadb rdaugmtnkes

`krd kde tjme ldkrd. _drjmps `kst n`pkr-

tmet, nestntutnkes wngg eddb tk bdvdgkp tjd dx-

nlngnty tk rdspkeb en`lgy tk tjd edw ekr`mg

rnsh `memad`det devnrke`det k ueidmsnea

rdaugmtkry ijmead.


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Debektds

=. Mlkut tjd tdr` gdmbnea prmitnid6 Ckrpurpksds k tjns pmpdr, wd ikesnbdr nebustryprmitnids tk mgg netk m rmead, rk` gdmbneatk gmaanea. Yk`d nebustry prmitnids myld ikesnbdrdb gdmbnea prmitnids, wjnij mrdadedrmggy gkkhdb upke mvkrmlgy ly rdaugmtkrs,nebustry prkdssnkemgs, meb klsdrvdrs bud tk

tjd pktdetnmggy supdrnkr kutik`ds tjd prmitnid`my mttmne. Ktjdr mpprkmijds my ld ikesnb-drdb prdvmngnea prmitnids, wjnij mrd sdde tk ldwnbdgy ne usd. Mt tjd gkwdr deb k tjd rmead mrdgmaanea prmitnids, wjnij adedrmggy rdprdsdetgdss mbvmeidb mpprkmijds meb wjnij `my rdsugtne gdss-tjme-kptn`mg kutik`ds. Ntd`s rdditdbms gdmbnea prmitnids jdrdne mrd lmsdb ke survdyddblmih meb tjd dbntkrs meb iketrnlutkrsdxpdrndeid wntj rdgdvmet kramenzmtnkes.


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=4. Bdgknttd D@DM Idetrd kr \daugmtkry Ytrmtday,kp =? kr


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92. Ytdpjde F. Gullde, Bk gnvnea wnggskr lmehs dvde `mhd sdesd;, Edw^krh n`ds, Muaust ==, /rdskgvmlngnty-lrdmhnea-bkwe-tjd-lmrrndrs.jt`g.

91. @mrtne Mrekgb, Lmeh sdttgd dets jnt $43lene `kst dxpdesnvd ydmr ke rdikrb, Cnemeinmgn`ds, Bdid`ldr


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44. Cnemeinmg Ydrvnids TH lgka, CIM lusnedsspgme6 Qjmt r`s ime dxpdit rk` tjd CIM ne


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14. Ckr m bnsiussnke k tjd dvkgutnke k tjd rnshmppdtntd ikeidpt meb nts prmitnimg mppgnim-tnke, sdd Bdgknttds Dstmlgnsjnea rnsh mppdtntdstmtd`dets kr strkeadr rnsh `memad`det,Bdid`ldr , jttps6//www.sdi.akv/edws/prdss//rdpkrt=?.pb.

1:. Ydenkr Yupdrvnskrs Arkup, Klsdrvmtnkes kebdvdgkp`dets ne rnsh mppdtntd rm`dwkrhsmeb N nermstruiturd, Bdid`ldr


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jkgbnea ik`pmends wntj $4. D`ngy Ytdpjdeske meb Bkuwd @n-

dbd`m, T.Y. rdaugmtkrs mbkpt tnajtdr rugdskr lmehs imsj eddbs, \dutdrs, Ydptd`ldr9, /?9/us-emeinmg-rdaugmtnkes-gnqunbnty-nbTYHLE?A=_3?9.

>3. Nlnb.

>1. Bdgknttd, Ckrwmrb gkkh6 kp rdaugmtkrytrdebs kr . Cnemeinmg Ydrvnids Mutjkrnty, Ikenits knetdrdst ldtwdde mssdt `memadrs meb tjdnriustk`drs, Ekvd`ldr


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==2. Ydiurntnds meb Dxijmead Ik``nssnke,Cnemg rugd6 Ik`pgnmeid prkarm`s knevdst`det ik`pmends meb nevdst`detmbvnsdrs, Cdlrumry 4,


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IketmitsAgklmg Cnemeinmg Ydrvnids Nebustry Gdmbdrsjnp

Ijrns Jmrvdy

Agklmg `memanea bnrditkr

Agklmg Cnemeinmg Ydrvnids Nebustry

Bdgknttd kuijd kj`mtsu Gn`ntdb

+22


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Iketrnlutkrs

Mustrmgnm

Hdvne Enxke

_mrtedr

Bdgknttd Mustrmgnm

+3= < >9 :9229?

zszizdrldthmObdgknttdid.ik`

Bmrnusz Yzhmrmbdh

_mrtedr

Bdgknttd _kgmeb

+2: (


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Jmsme Hngni

_mrtedr

Bdgknttd urhdy

+>? 33 = 1= 2 913 ::::

csnbmenObdgknttd.ik`

Tentdb Hneabk`

Vdsjme Ijkubjry

_mrtedr

Bdgknttd TH

+22


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Mlkut Bdgknttd Tenvdrsnty _rdss

Bdgknttd Tenvdrsnty _rdss pulgnsjds krnanemg mrtnigds, rdpkrts meb pdrnkbnimgs tjmt prkvnbd nesnajts ckr lusnedssds, tjd pulgni sditkr meb

EAKs. Kur akmg ns tk brmw upke rdsdmrij meb dxpdrndeid crk` tjrkuajkut kur prkcdssnkemg sdrvnids kramenzmtnke, meb tjmt kc ikmutjkrs ne

mimbd`nm meb lusnedss, tk mbvmeid tjd ikevdrsmtnke ke m lrkmb spditru` kc tkpnis kc netdrdst tk dxdiutnvds meb akvdre`det gdmbdrs.

Bdgknttd Tenvdrsnty _rdss ns me n`prnet kc Bdgknttd Bdvdgkp`det GGI.

Ckggkw OBT[_rdss

Ynae up ckr Bdgknttd Tenvdrsnty _rdss upbmtds mt BT_rdss.ik`.

Documents

9ème édition de l'Etude Deloitte Global Risk Management