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1. 1itroductoi

- :_ :J:-riC:,'.: ctE-:cr'.

.:.cce..:,cc re:uecccce .:TIEr

er:ccd cortrci c- .ne vcca ecce: :c:h ceceatic cr'c, rc" cn:c1ccrv c rneme tctee

aeccacs end o'rc a caer a r - -Hr

aire dial die cr''ct:ct acricca niar.

3. na corcftscns et flrs repcr, 3 se --* C picnccc a as -

tc 'Surs Ikut die acac bus st Cfl acents ccrrdin ..-- - abcnI ard nat-cr nw sscujrap Id' a)cf Gn-t(2d5)5) crc' at This asue ccr.2. :. . ia n dams. Th ace cf a urarces a a

earl H-iriCacc-Cudiflr 2.

4 {bS.t said lea/rn aeccrcrerc-ajcne are cr c:cvE'l1:c hat ..a caric'cr1 acsurariccs di craure die acte rnpemer'cebc- ci rgnis arc nuarandi-- by die(lcracnt cn d7.a nu...u fIrs: arc iorumcs: enfccceab C cc -s cr2 rCi'rC r. -S.

Security scrdces

A. Myfirdings

5 Ii enact: n:ant at corer r-;-- ots nt off c/s ci dir on 551: cc: ±s .atdirJUl 3:01cc, 1 CtSLS5 ,5l .inti a tew cl nra, Ira inlormaticri cart axrrt rq o-Hs over Oct Ic-,:

ocr ,i usr a i t r di' r SCOt 2 !

era cacurcar--::1 1 n.' 'T. :ttccccr ri-:c .1-i : cisc/sac n.re:c. f.arc rot encurin. c/a c . rac: s and C c;c:c. Ic 5: -:, :52ri :ne r'

- . cr-lOrtc/ ,rf:3 scaij 005-cl '-"di c's-- r.i ,(fe.ccTr',r_.

B. My recommendations

7, My reccrrr andationc are ts tc/o.

a 'Ins Crctrc'c cf r.:-: rr. c'--.:. ---ri cc ct:'nrc :rrl zrcpropratelcrrtislation providincr Icr dcu.Lu cu,,crc. cccl ubucu, par arnanL:y ovcrsicbt and

ruman r nc/s are ettrctao, juocrai controL /s it's r,snsi-nns - acrearc mccc' ocrr cc fanS 'a 5i1rit-O cc cc's butcan accai:nticrj arc cc'

sscrj ocnfIcec2ia lv at cmacfled nb: rmatien

b. ftc act a Ic.n -caccunly caracas: :udt as ctoarty separated from toe activibes ot scOotsS ' .-.': en'c'current achcrO:s

C, .0 c'fI:.'. r c- -ttsc.vlcSCFm. 12 c-fc''.L' 2c'-0 :: -cclv cc's; -c'.5 1 .--c----:r: a a ct forercrr accurca 50-.- 1_:c'r :i:

"1 sc/icr; c.fCc' rf Eu'cp-i :-- :;' dimes. C coma, cry mouctc-' -. -:

to take :"::-m.ea hot Or: ff121105 of nt:cn2t arc forcifIn cc r 1;. 1

a rc'cvCc-nt SS rmi5Fc' ':c - .:: - 'cl's'' c/-- .fcccr.c'.l

Cc-n arias arrawak for . taft-i-; ccc sonar,, ,- ---:iyh neOrns c/fern..:- -_cii c1t cc-cccrute Ccc'

- - ,-.. : HZ-li- aE'c' 112] '2

. •c. '-" .fin-c':sc"c'r' -'h'tH::; .0-::cr5 H DI 21IIiCsI'I7. di csIc.

C. Expected reuits

-----------

-------

a Aopt-co uf a Counrh Ct Er cue ega trCrrierlt v.m aouhd contain basic princpIoa andguidehnas for the legisiative and administrative framework ft organisatton and functionng ofSecurity services n -i-n it; THse nrc a as ru cchnes woufti Ejcur on ct:ve

j sLtve and acm r-utrarve caP: .r-: "-: ---- -it an ci CL ;ghtn or-c trie prevernr-ari at -parer ar'.c atbnr ii epa ctivrPa, C nrvoes. no udvp soemPc a-n-cc as Etcverractivities of Carmen -,eour ty s-crncus a r - ry or natona secur:v nerv-ces cr-i iorergr ter

eApaut ft-at rvorscooij r- cornp a:ad rrrpLc 7 aS. in anchor to fC7 COaI report, tre subjautae &reacy neon dealt v tn by Ire p r-r3 Aosecrcy the Enrcpeor Ccrnr- Scion cr Democracy

Ihmnqr Law (Venion Commas cr1 and the Group of Spo-ciahats cn lrterrai Security Senic:.s IPO S-SECt, actr-g under tr'c ac ¶- ci the L-urcpnan Cornr--ittea on Coma ?rcchms (CC?Cl Ti:s Droopcorn oded [hat "rt wacl feociLi a to make a Raconimancatior- on cedar unrimantaF arc

as concerr:irg jr-terra securty cars-ices: ;t has aircacy cent Lea a rumtrcr of -asues ar on ibe irIurJe-i in a orals recon--mendation a g the leqa: bass tar rter-nm secty savices. P'e on ntic pbalsvn law etitorcumert or-c -t- onnoe rjatl-ennq functions. parl.amantarj oversight of rtarno cucartySc cs rtr-uscie moa rec P a pr-rOn authohatio" arc ax pent faUo ccntrcl r:cchnnirmnis . For spart. the Par arnerar7 Assembly n Recc.n-rrendatron 1713 (2005) 1dertfid seven prncp as relating tointn:perica servrcen an cc Ic coo;; La Caniroittee of Mtnrst-css to adopt a Eumcpa& coca of rteliarc

th ion" (can paonr:rapb 10

flL Safeguards and contro's over ar traffic

A. My findings

11. Cii tt.e spac;.fi: point of ccntrcs ever aircraft d L used for rem ton ourposas, my ro-purtconcludec [rat exint rg procuourns ctc -ot priJIC3 ann afeccorSa aCa;at OLiL 50. 0OXCti gsorcr-cru:se-J ponc'nduros in tho- cave of cv a rc:afi arc rr icr ii ri the case of State aircraft rican thoris vrfluu y irripoasrble for States to assess with cenarty wr-ethe aircraft franc fins tr;mouqh thc-n unspace oreden us:ra their a rpr ocr 'ma am used fo-r ni-roost-s noon-oat bra w th the Eurcpern Cc' burr c- onHuman Riqlrm arid ircr rtcrratcnal y reccgn.sed i-uman rvjrds etandards paagraph 54 ofSGJlni2CLP)5 arc parsqraphs 40 arid f5i5[nf(2CCd)1Ii

B. My recommendations

12. lsfv eccrnmandar cr-c e-e the ic-I owinat

no on. st nit o-ttrr-at or-a 'epa framework alto-coy per- - 3teS to int-aduce ce:tansafeguards and conti. -hich should be USOCi Ly member States to the maximum extentpossbIe, C r - a -nenbim Stotos SEGa C recoiro- otfc-chee guarantees cf respect tarhurrian rights I r -_ oil i'jt: ann transit hrcucb their airsooca

b. The eppruoriote for-a to reuorsiccr the internatoral regulatory fmnrr.cwcrk for cMIavfatiun are tlo- ln-r-naaona Cv Arm on ODa:rl:cr- fICAC or tflo Eurcpuar Crcar-saticn tarthe Safety ci Ar Navigatrcn (Eo-cccntrcll Vith a vro-w to deterring repetiton of cbuso anyvon Prrton of civ I aviator onculmit ar-s -n re:otion rc rr:crular trionspon of priscrces -mud cetmneuncd and hraue-t to La attention of tho c-irrpaLnt aritfonties ar-a ri dij cocmcu '0 irpu-no. ins use of civil arc-EL --- 'on pt-roeS-on constitutes a violet on of tn-a Ccrivar-rcn orIrternotionD ann C Li A en-Lam Ph4 CC cane Cc: onrii.or Counc I Durcpemember States soon ci i - - - Dig procudUrCS for tn-n sail-mont of disputes arc bringprosi is reachc of th - .snbvn b&oro the IAO Cow;c pursuant on Article 54 of theChicago Cony rLan'

tec'mn--.-idT cr- 1 3 cc -on c ova.. - -, security sector in member

-i rn: n r[---r-i - ;Cron.r ncLr:tr lb:-it.3)6)lntfo-i-r:r- r a- ::i.te'0r..i.flrr

r'p teL OcLci ton 'rry, I:.r rti cation: ton- oni:1uc-:-.on-l riCC ri •. tErir:a n-c- -or:rn-cn Jr-n-:- ' r --rr rat :-on-;r- mc cr-::e nncr-:rr-flp :r - ton r:a .t Eon

:1 t- nc on the iL-nat -- - -:- l oni no _- C: roi if Earore T Data r- --onon at i: alt. rr-:ra t-D-°C?IF O - 1r2.Pr:i:Ie 0-f -

- c -: roy -c cc: : Ot ,;.JCiA-ct: (iO:':T - Oar-- i

-tr: Stonc -. -i-;--ithrsC - -onion r'faituretocarryoutrecom-rr-:tonI -t- ito0 CL

4

,Ts -urds Slate aircraft thorn -asu wiiu' 001)n roy te :rurr-3t lao STnV r:J, 01 righTs, ft

I ,':s toot toe nt nr onert gbt cc-u,i arc oordticnoh unon .rnotees andcortro proccoursa concomi ruscoct for numo iitr--terratTns z,,; uloos fractor norsec cL l1sStuTeaircot has fit 'ercaco baiT :nnt.s:o

T thout tT-o wULarso autf-crsaT or' pursoanf To Ac' 3 0) ci Vs Cd o-ago C tvr'UOrT TheTsrritor al STate may erore 'arc rg 1 b icc -.',r oh 5dm hmc or's race nct onondcc w.: not be a-hhea to 'orrunit,' or

Ti's r-ecc-ssaw ndueoua action 1, neTher STate must be aunpoIted 3rd hacyedup :y oiIctiv action 'Ad' ta rcoogrsd epcrhse V roman r.gr:s :m Gourd CT EuccpccuTd make ar mactart contrbucn tooaro's the delc-lcpmert ci effective guarantees andmechanisms as far as the transit of Stats aircraft -sc coroec Ti' a t'orst a based a Tar orbbcio;al arc mutratoral agreemcrrs or r V aonc.e Ct 5000 sgrOcrTetts on tie no barsprachos of States. The CourrcJ of Eurac des an wee forum To cevelcp a commonEuropean approaco tO trans I -bts coo caa o carercos basco on a snared trdcraTar:of humar rights A 50105 of model clauses o ci' coo d no irsertec in agreements Dutv,,,,,flrnern'cc-r countres ard 'laIr Tnrd ccurtres c uscO when unilateral granting cvemfigrfclearances or rqrts coulo be bra-on op to ass sr men-ba- States n ths matrer Such causeswould proode for effectue guarantees for t'e prcteolcn ct "unman rights of al passengeru am dsafeguards against abuse Ebumar rgms c noseS') hms crsurrg con-p ia"ca roth theConvention. In ace on it may be necessary to ceseup c oases provoing for anarci' and cc cueir' app-cpriate cases as a coroiton for diplomatic cicerarcos In any cvent the procodures forcoIn-n rg OUCh coon-noon nhcu on rcconsicnrnd Re', girt acd'nroatcns at'cu dprovice comm curt ricrrnarcni as :0 a On efmct'nn mon t - I e- c_V ties arc an-tue cia con-cnn on boc-r -c Dun-rose of Vu ilgnt and ' n - -on as 'ac as The iratdoor ration of aCh p

C, Ao rg on , eotivcty agmeo 030505 c no oeme t-res strengthen thenegotiating position of our member States mr irtern '-a fore arc VS-S vs ti'rc cnuntrero Ifnecossary eistrg treaty arrangements shoulo be tee - . a w n-in the relevant organ aatios inorder to encore elfeotve repeot for liumar rights

C, Expected results

13, Adcptmcn of a Council of Europe c-gal instrument on mechanisms to enforce human rghtsobligations in respect of transIting civil and State- aircraft

E'cpan-tc of human rights model clauces cc' oh cculc ha aca by rrerrbcr St:ca n - -or n-u tiiateral agreements grortirg oven-icm narrts for State a rcrab cc in cverfVnt authcriLoi -i aor ltc-ra y Such clausos ocuc prcvco for ettcctve roman rnjhts guarantees ard 'soteguaros aga"stabuse (e.g search and seoure 0 aocrcrniete casusi, Such clauses cculo be Onpo0050 IC Srecommendation ci the Cn-mitte o Mrst's

IV, State immunity and human rights

;. My findings

V roy trat roort I undo-hired that tire eTsterco- ci a eg s-aT v-a fi-nmo.,orlc bcsgrch to -ive ceterreroe agair.si human rgiTrs cOin--ore a not EU cicrit in tEch The con-parent cc - - aro

Juboa autbcrp-c-s must 3'S-S be entitca to exercise thor powers aid lured Von , r those -i - -n-sporTs h. Ire otser'cs of -o'--V-o u'ahic:cr a-c 'e '" °am rn-no': ty-na' - itsto tm crew vs macron-a ci socar.n-c-v ad crfcrcerm'ow c i - aragraph 32 off ' _)O)iJt

- -- Vthricusrrin tnof5:aiearcraornakn Tb- s town-rn 'ITS nft3C3,rtr3_. ,fi

16 Fro tlt run cs pm ccc by merihcr cc.rncn there apqenms to ce a need to establish nroreprecisely th cpe arc ccrmciticns cihunran rignts except cus to State inmunity Sc mr ar' eceot:on rasbeer estan' c city icr echo of torture (ierariaon 7' of SC/lnf200hiSJ "goinet th hockround, cc Iindroated in ' fret report, the rssue of f.man rgnts excephons to State rmcrrt ccc d be an area forntsroarc settino ny the Councii of Europe fparagrapn 'ii in line of SG/lni(20d6)5),

B. My recommendations

17 My recomirerorcios are the to owing:

a. The relationship between State immunity and human rights should bereconsidercd torturers end perpetrators of other serious human ghts violat ore such asarbitrary depr'vation of iborry and entorcod orseppearances must not cc ob c to hide ochi theveil of immuity. lrrternatiora sw should not regard it as being contrary to the c tsovereign equal ty of nations to rosporc to claims aga'not then' or their agents 't/e d restablish clear exceptions to State immunity in cases of serious human rights abucu . Thiswork shou d bra done through co-operation beh'ien governments at Eurcpean level(paragraoh 101 (iii) of SG/Inf(2C065).

To establish excerarirrrs to State immunity in cases of serious human rgbts vioatrcns, twill 'rot be necessary to amend any exsting rtemationol treaties, neither the Vsanna Conventionson Urplonrato and Consular Ru a:ior's nor the recent UN Co'venticn or' Jurisciotioral immunihesof States and The r Property t is a fact that all immunities existing under international lawmay be waived provided that the waiver is clear and unambiguous rinding that mmunitydoes not equate with i:rrpunity tire rrterrratrorsl Court of Justice ported to the fact that even tireimmunit% ericyed by foreign canisters under customer! international aw would cease :f it :5waived, /e shcclo therefore coroentrate on th:s possibility.

"s. For the puruoses of detcrmhirg two cases where such a waiver coud be envisaged, it will benecessary to determine "serious human rights violations" which need to be exempt from immunity.This couc be cone by reference Ic tre notion of international cnmes arc/or the status of the hurnn rightsrorm vrolt (e,g,juo cogens status or nomdercgable rghts n times of war or oublto emergency'1).

19. A Council of Europe instrument on Stats immunity nd serious hurnab rights violationswould offer cohemnt acrii practical approach, avcidirg legal insecurity resulting from differences inthe caselavi of rdiviclun m her States n the absence of commonly ageed principles, the approachesado ted by the courts ii '' I ases are bound to differ Such d ftcrcnccs undermine legal certainty in anarea cf the lawwhic by it Vty nature iSo uCs sensitive OsoCs Iplomatic relations betweenStates.

20. The Pi/f i-mjcnf of tho Ccunc/t of Europe on State practice rcgarmirrig Strit Immunity which theGornirttee of Lega Acvisers en Puhl c lrternaticna La.'i (CAl iDL3 has urroertaker over recent years castsfresh ight on this area 1 This Fl ut Project tcgetmer wIth recent CAHOI work regarding 1mpementation ofUN sanottors arc 'espact icr humor rights are Inc ongoing reflection regardina the European Conventionor State lmmunity prov cc a pond bass to wove tor,,arc.

21. A common ihurcpean approac" would provide States with a coherent fnanav,'ork and ttr:e cametnru milnirn cc tie concern thot son-c jcver"ments may have to bring about law reform urdlatoraly in anarea ,vbic'- is by definition irrernaticrial, It wculd also strengthen the negotiating posihori of norvidua,r'emirur Sfa'es lit ther in ntinn with third ccLintnes. Due to its more homogeneous membership, t'-eCouncil of Lurcpe coo o n ay a pioneering role preparing the ground for codification at universal level

of me EurronCrr;entin -n Sum 'nin-r 7 'crc d I , of the UN Crr'. ml or onSirtes rd mirair?rc:nrty 2004:

:cr i: S ui' it?- or:r tVsrnr'f ri 7-rn cnn Sm:'r ruc'o't: :mria 5&g/um,judgmmr?otl4is -i:

I 'orn-s1rnn nor - a ar fijOtonarmi in?c'-'nr nra In's rmc oh r: ht;tu' or of the Inter banalCnn-ma 0:on rr ttn fmr ,r 10 Y tl I-rcrti.mnri C-r rat Frbun:l tm rt,\ar CIR r beimer'nt:nir '0r1ioIC-Lt r': i dsrr,Yr-'m :U:Ijnr.-r jr'ujiImcri-icn1miscrr a d

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6

C. Emdected results

22, Aocpi oa or a CoUncit of Europe opal instrument on Statc immunity and serious hum3nñgts violations fuouat'c on the puss ty of .oa'.srs st u it vioL a defin: a an.. .rc forobtain ng COOS u cual casus at scrious i. :ra'ts on:

V. Working structures

A. Propasd committee structure

23. Taking nrc account the sercus 'atcro of ftc shcncc'i n' de:'Lfers r ri roped tn: aact: : vhch an' crocus ag sbcufd'ce a kay a: anti for fto Ccc :o of c-.rcpo l no Is cc. 'g cccrt

a"d rretrioOs ancu a a ow us to a:revs tanoc a reso ta cy ftc rnnc 2C37.

B. Creation of an ad hoc committee of experts (46 members and chair,

24 o have a usa isac cospacl of achieving resuts r tbi field to expebte work ac to ira rOai:ccnoract oucra focus for In a acti:y, 1 :s prcocscd to act .p one "c a st'uotss in ftc fm of an od /oor",:Iae whic woud operate urca: o'e c'ect e csrn: ty of the Oct00 hoc ch'r Stir'scoors stuctcra, it ,sou i La responch a icr sucerse rg ire work of tncc ama groups (sue far 0301' acamerit orud above) ana tar cresrn:ing draft texts to me Ccn'rnEttee of h1nistrs far adcpt:oo

25, The ad 1:00 ccrrrrbttee wou a have two tngs ci three days can' (ore in Cctoher/Navcmbcr2CC2 553 tb aecn'c me sat are befc'e f' no of .cne 2uC7 wou1s 'er':'t to he Corn "ace of

'a ftst Tcsting At Is act ncr:g, tho no [too cs""'o' a mopta ranort uo'riucoation cy fta Commtte of M,nat:: or' tue three

c,. Creation of three small groups operating under rho oc hoc committee

26. Att'e first rreetrg of tite ad boo c:rnn-tt,e ti"rae u'cunr ' acts uali OOL,3 Li 'aurallyomantutoc t is cnvisspcd that cccl' Group WOJ d no a r . ' cc ems ,mcb in(,)c:o'cor:,overra:r 2C06 to ,ur'e 2207 To erao'e amoco ':,,', ,,,,.' tint ad hi: cmi - - -ta groups its nigi'Iy srrab a that so-re at the mentce:s ft each group are sac ri':ifi a of: ad lot:coma' lee

27. The groups woule prepare rhminarj drafts for consideration and adoption by the ad hocCCTalittac. cacti in t'e:r respective area of work

or' i,' 1 1 Etc'ut OC''l 033,

Group 2 on air haffic

Group 3 on State lrrmuucv

D. Score itarirrf

28, The Secretariat far t'e prapoaco structure cou ta c-nSurea by OG I and DG ii in dose cooperation under my cupeuvisian

I ftC:i'''' ' 1 '- ,. -