99070837 Civil Procedure Digest Pre Midterms

8/21/2019 99070837 Civil Procedure Digest Pre Midterms

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Civil Procedure DigestCivil Procedure Digest A2010A2010 Prof. Victoria A.Prof. Victoria A.

AvenaAvenaJUDICIAL POWER

CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION

PRESCRIBED JURISDICTION i.e. OVERSUBJECT MATTER, BY LAW

SINDICO V DIAZ440 SCRA 50

CARPIO!ORA"#S$ Octo%er 1& 2004

NATUREPetition for revie' on certiorari of a decision of t(eR)C of Iloilo

FACTSVirgilio Sindico& is t(e registered o'ner of a *arcel of

land& '(ic( (e let t(e s*ouses #ulalio and ConcordiaSo+%rea cultivate& 'it(out (i+ s(aring in t(e*roduce& as (is ,assistance in t(e education of (iscousins, including defendant -eli*e So+%reaAfter t(e deat( of t(e #ulalio So+%rea& -eli*econtinued to cultivate t(e lotOn une 20& 1//& Sindico reuested -eli*es 'ife fort(e return of t(e *ossession of t(e lot %ut t(e latterreuested ti+e to advise (er (us%andRe*eated de+ands for t(e return of t(e *ossessionof t(e lot re+ained un(eeded& forcing Sindico to filea civil case %efore t(e R)C against t(e s*ousesSo+%rea for Accion Reivindicatoria 'it( Preli+inar3!andator3 Inunction-)(e defendants filed a !otion to Dis+iss& alleging

t(at t(e R)C (as no urisdiction over t(eir *erson andt(at as t(e su%ect +atter of t(e case is anagricultural land '(ic( is covered %3 t(eCo+*re(ensive Agrarian Refor+ Progra+ CARP6 oft(e govern+ent& t(e case is 'it(in t(e e7clusiveoriginal urisdiction of t(e DARA8 in accordance 'it(Section 50 of Re*u%lic Act 995: );#CO!PR#;#O< C-I )arlac (as *o'er and aut(orit3 to taecogniBance of conde+nation of real estate located inanot(er *rovince2. >O< Sec. ::1of t(e Code of Civil Procedure and

1SEC. 122. Venue of actions.Actions to confir+ title to realestate& or to secure a *artition of real estate& or to cancel clouds&or re+ove dou%ts fro+ t(e title to real estate& or to o%tain*ossession of real estate& or to recover da+ages for inuries toreal estate& or to esta%lis( an3 interest& rig(t& or title in or to realestate& or actions for t(e conde+nation of real estate for *u%licuse& s(all %e %roug(t in t(e *rovince 'ere t(e lands& or so+e *artt(ereof& is situated$ actions against e7ecutors& ad+inistrators&and guardians touc(ing t(e *erfor+ance of t(eir official duties&and actions for account and settle+ent %3 t(e+& and actions fort(e distri%ution of t(e estates of deceased *ersons a+ong t(e(eirs and distri%utes& and actions for t(e *a3+ent of legacies&s(all %e %roug(t in t(e *rovince in '(ic( t(e 'ill 'as ad+itted to

*ro%ate& or letters of ad+inistration 'ere granted& or t(eguardian 'as a**ointed. And all actions not (erein ot(er'ise*rovided for +a3 %e %roug(t in an3 *rovince '(ere t(e

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AvenaAvenaAct.


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AvenaAvenaDisposition )(e udg+ent +ust %e R#V#RS#D andt(e case R#!AO< t(e O)P Court (as urisdiction over t(e casefiled %3 C(ua

HELDNORatio.>(ere a udg+ent or udicial order is void int(is sense it +a3 %e said to %e a la'less t(ing& '(ic(can %e treated as an outla' and slain at sig(t& orignored '(erever and '(enever it e7(i%its its (ead.And in =o+eB vs. Conce*cion& t(is Court uoted'it( a**roval t(e follo'ing fro+ -ree+an onudg+ents@ ,A void udg+ent is in legal effect noudg+ent. 83 it no rig(ts are divested. -ro+ it norig(ts can %e o%tained. 8eing 'ort(less in itself& all*roceedings founded u*on it are euall3 'ort(less. Itneit(er %inds nor %ars an3 one. All acts *erfor+edunder it and all clai+s flo'ing out of it are void. )(e*arties atte+*ting to enforce it +a3 %e res*onsi%leas tres*assers. )(e *urc(aser at a sale %3 virtue ofits aut(orit3 finds (i+self 'it(out title and 'it(outredress.,Since t(e udg+ent (ere on its face is void a% initio&t(e li+ited *eriods for relief fro+ udg+ent in Rule? are ina**lica%le. )(at udg+ent is vulnera%le toattac ,in an3 'a3 and at an3 ti+e& even '(en noa**eal (as %een taen.,Reasoning. )(e *rovisions of Sec. 21 of RA 11//a**roved August 0& 1/546& no'n as t(eAgricultural )enanc3 Act of t(e P(ili**ines& read@"SEC. 21. Ejectment; violation; jurisdiction. Allcases involving the dispossession of a tenant ! thelandholder or ! a third part! andor the settlementand disposition of disputes arising from therelationship of landholder and tenant# as $ell as theviolation of an! of the provisions of this Act# shall eunder the original and e%clusive jurisdiction of suchcourt as ma! no$ or hereafter e authori&ed ! la$to ta'e cogni&ance of tenanc! relations

anddisputes."Sec. :& RA 129:& creating t(e -irst Court of AgrarianRelations& effective une 14& 1/55& as a+ended %3

Re*u%lic Act 140/ '(ic( too effect on Se*te+%er /&1/55&*rovides("SEC. ). *urisdiction of the Court. +he Court shallhave original and e%clusive jurisdiction over theentire Philippines# to consider# investigate# decide#and settle all ,uestions# matters# controversies ordisputes involving all those relationships estalished! la$ $hich determine the var!ing rights of personsin the cultivation and use of agricultural land $hereone of the parties $or's the land." C(uas co+*laint 'as filed on !arc( 12& 1/5? Glong after RAs 11//& 129: and 140/ 'ereincor*orated in our statute %oos. C(uas co+*laint*ositivel3 averred t(at ;ati% A%%ain is (is tenant ona 5050 s(aring %asis of t(e (arvest$ and t(at (esees eect+ent of ;ati% A%%ain ,due to (is nonco+*liance of our agree+ent of (is giving +3 s(areof t(e several (arvests (e +ade., )(e O)P Courtitself found t(at A%%ain continued to %e t(e tenant ofC(ua after t(e latter %eca+e o'ner of t(e *lantation'(ic( (e acuired fro+ (is fat(er %3 virtue of adonation$ and t(at A%%ain refused to give ,t(e s(areof (is landlord of t(e (arvest., If %ot( t(e co+*laint and t(e inferior courtsudg+ent (ave an3 +eaning at all& it is t(at t(e O)PCourt (ad no urisdiction over t(e case. Rig(t at t(eoutset& t(e co+*laint s(ould (ave %een reected.-ailing in t(is& t(e case s(ould (ave %een dis+issedduring t(e course of t(e trial& '(en it %eca+e all t(e+ore evident t(at a landlordtenant relations(i*e7isted. )(e udge (ad no *o'er to deter+ine t(ecase. 8ecause C(uas suit co+es 'it(in t(ecoverage of Sec. 21& R.A. 11// t(at ,cases involvingt(e dis*ossession of a tenant %3 t(e land(older&,s(all %e under t(e ,original and e7clusive urisdictionof suc( court as +a3 no' or (ereafter %e aut(oriBed%3 la' to tae cogniBance of tenanc3 relations anddis*utes,& and t(e %road s'ee* of Section :& RA129:& '(ic( lodged 'it( t(e CAR ,original ande7clusive urisdiction . . . to consider& investigate&decide& and settle all uestions& +atters&controversies or dis*utes involving all t(oserelations(i*s esta%lis(ed %3 la' '(ic( deter+ine t(evar3ing rig(ts of *ersons in t(e cultivation and use ofagricultural land '(ere one of t(e *arties 'ors t(eland.,uris*rudence (as since sta%iliBed t(e urisdiction oft(e CAR over cases of t(is nature. Suc( e7clusiveaut(orit3 is not divested %3 a +ere aver+ent on t(e

*art of t(e tenant t(at (e asserts o'ners(i* over t(eland& ,since t(e la' does not e7clude fro+ t(eurisdiction, of t(e CAR& ,cases in '(ic( a tenant

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AvenaAvenaclai+s o'ners(i* over t(e land given to (i+ forcultivation %3 t(e landlord.,)(e udg+ent and *roceedings of t(e ustice of t(ePeace Court are null and void.The judg$ent of the JOTP Court is not $erel% avoida&le judg$ent. It is void on its face. It $a%&e attac'ed directl% or collaterall%. ;ere& t(eattac is direct. A%%ain soug(t to annul t(eudg+ent. #ven after t(e ti+e for a**eal or revie'(ad ela*sed& a**ellant could %ring& as (e %roug(t&suc( an action. !ore& (e also soug(t to enoinenforce+ent of t(at udg+ent. In var3ing language&t(e Court (as e7*ressed its re*ro%ation forudg+ents rendered %3 a court 'it(out urisdiction.Suc( a udg+ent is (eld to %e a dead li$& on thejudicial tree( which should &e lopped of) orwholl% disregarded as the circu$stancesre*uire.

Disposition)(e decision of t(e O)P Court of Sulu isannulled.

JURISDICTION BY ESTOPPEL/ene"%* "*e?

SEAFDEC V NLRC @LAZA/A95 SCRA 9;1

NOCON, Fe7"%"( 3:, 3>>:

NATUREPetition for certiorari to revie' t(e decision of t(e

I); COO< S#A-D#CAHD is esto**ed fro+ clai+ingt(at t(e court (ad no urisdiction

HELD1. #SRatio.8eing an intergovern+ental organiBation&S#A-D#C including its de*art+ents eno3s functionalinde*endence and freedo+ fro+ control of t(e statein '(ose territor3 its office is located.Reasoning.One of t(e %asic i++unities of aninternational organiBation is i++unit3 fro+ localurisdiction i++une fro+ legal 'rits and *rocessesissued %3 t(e tri%unals of t(e countr3 '(ere it isfound6 t(at t(e su%ection of suc( an organiBation tot(e aut(orit3 of t(e local courts 'ould afford aconvenient +ediu+ t(ru '(ic( t(e (ost govern+ent+a3 interfere in t(eir o*erations or even influence orcontrol its *olicies and decisions of t(e organiBation.Suc( su%ection to local urisdiction 'ould i+*air t(eca*acit3 of suc( %od3 to disc(arge its res*onsi%ilitiesi+*artiall3 on %e(alf of its +e+%erstates.

2.

S%n)!'%*-/ie""e


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AvenaAvenaon a**eal. Petitioner filed an !-R '(ic( 'as denied%3 t(e CA& (ence t(is *etition.

ISSUE @Me7e"# !& "e*i+i!# +"!p>O< t(e trial court (as urisdiction over t(e case

HELD(ile it is true t(at urisdiction +a3 %e raisedat an3 ti+e& t(is rule *resu**oses t(at esto**el (asnot su*ervened. Since res*ondent activel3*artici*ated in all stages of t(e *roceedings %eforet(e )C and even soug(t affir+ative relief& it isesto**ed fro+ c(allenging t(e )Cs urisdiction&es*eciall3 since an adverse udg+ent (ad %eenrendered. A *art3 cannot invoe t(e urisdiction of acourt to secure affir+ative relief against (iso**onent and after o%taining or failing to o%tain suc(relief& re*udiate t(at sa+e urisdiction.Reasoning. Section of RA :9/1 *rovides t(at'(ere t(e a+ount of t(e de+and in t(e co+*laintinstituted in !etro !anila does not e7ceed P200&e7clusive of interest& da+ages of '(atever ind&att3s fees& litigation e7*enses and costs& t(ee7clusive urisdiction over t(e sa+e is vested in t(e!etro*olitan )rial court& !unici*al )rial Court and!unici*al Circuit )rial Court.Ad+inistrative Circular 0//4 s*ecifies guidelines int(e i+*le+entation of RA :9/1. Par 2 of t(e Circular*rovides t(at t(e ter+ Fda+ages of '(atever indLa**lies onl3 to cases '(ere da+ages are +erel3 aconseuence of t(e +ain action. In t(e instant case&t(e +ain cause of action is t(e collection of t(e de%ta+ounting to P1/5. )(e da+ages %eing clai+ed are+erel3 incidental and are t(us not included indeter+ining t(e urisdictional a+ount.

Disposition. >;#R#-OR#& t(e instant *etition is=RA


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AvenaAvenadi+inis( it or dictate '(en it s(all attac( or '(en its(all %e re+oved. )(at is a +atter of legislativeenact+ent '(ic( none %ut t(e legislature +a3c(ange. On t(e ot(er (and& t(e urisdiction of t(ecourt over t(e *erson is& in so+e instances& +ade todefend on t(e consent or o%ection& on t(e acts oro+issions of t(e *arties or an3 of t(e+. urisdictionover t(e *erson& (o'ever& +a3 %e conferred %3consent& e7*ressl3 or i+*liedl3 given& or it +a3& %3an o%ection& %e *revented fro+ attac(ing orre+oved after it (as attac(ed. )(at it (ad urisdiction of t(e *ersons of all t(e*arties is indis*uta%le. )(at urisdiction 'as o%tainednot onl3 %3 t(e usual course of *ractice t(at is& %3t(e *rocess of t(e court %ut also %3 consente7*ressl3 given& is a**arent. )(e *laintiff su%+itteditself to t(e urisdiction %3 %eginning t(e action. )(edefendants are no' in t(is court asing t(at t(eaction %e not dis+issed %ut continued. )(e3 are notonl3 nor o%ecting to t(e urisdiction of t(e court %ut&rat(er& are (ere on t(is a**eal for t(e *ur*ose of+aintaining t(at ver3 urisdiction over t(e+.


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AvenaAvena*ur*ose of e7ecution. udg+ent on a co+*ro+iseneed not s*ecificall3 na+e a *erson to %e su%ect ofe7ecution t(ereof in o%vious avoidance of re*etition.On *%c8 !& "i#)ici!n !& e c!" !'e" eT!*enin!#@ t(e )olentinos freel3 and voluntaril3entered into t(e co+*ro+ise agree+ent '(ic(%eca+e t(e %asis of udg+ent of t(e Cit3 Court.nder t(e circu+stances& t(e )olentinos areesto**ed t(e ver3 aut(orit3 t(e3 invoed. And evenassu+ing t(at esto**el lies& 'e cannot set aside t(e*rinci*le of euit3 t(atjurisdiction over a personnot originall% a part% to a case $a% &eac*uired( upon proper conditions( thru thevoluntar% appearance of the person &efore thecourt.83 co+ing for'ard 'it( t(e original litigantsin +oving for a udg+ent on co+*ro+ise and %3assu+ing suc( interest in t(e final adudication oft(e case toget(er 'it( t(e Ro%ellados& t(e )olentinoseffectivel3 su%+itted t(e+selves to t(e urisdictionof t(e Cit3 Court.J"i#)ici!n !'e" e p*%ini&&can %e acuired %3t(e court u*on filing of t(e co+*laint. On t(e ot(er(and&"i#)ici!n !'e" e )e&en)%n#can %eacuired %3 t(e court u*on service of valid su++onsand u*on voluntar3 a**earanceEsu%+ission of a*erson in court.

ACUIRED JURISDICTION OVER THERES

EL BANCO ESPAGOL-FILINO '.PALANCA

12 Pi*. >93STREET= M%"c 95, 3>3;

FACTS A +ortgage 'as e7ecuted %3 Palanca& as securit3for a de%t o'ing to (i+ to t(e %an. After t(ee7ecution of t(is instru+ent& Palanca returned toC(ina '(ere (e died. As Palanca 'as a nonresident& it 'as necessar3 fort(e %an to give notice to (i+ %3 *u%lication*ursuant to section // of t(e Code of CivilProcedure. An order for *u%lication 'as accordingl3o%tained fro+ t(e court& and *u%lication 'as +ade indue for+ in a ne's*a*er of t(e cit3 of !anila. )(e order of t(e court 'as entered directing t(at

*u%lication s(ould %e +ade in a ne's*a*er& t(ecourt directed t(at t(e cler of t(e court s(ould

de*osit in t(e *ost office in a sta+*ed envelo*e aco*3 of t(e su++ons and co+*laint directed toPalanca at (is last *lace of residence. )(e cause *roceeded in t(e C-I and Palanca not(aving a**eared& udg+ent 'as taen against (i+%3 default. It 'as ordered t(at Palanca s(ould deliversaid a+ount to t(e cler of t(e court to %e a**lied tot(e satisfaction of t(e udg+ent& and it 'as declaredt(at in case of failure to satisf3 t(e udg+ent& t(e+ortgage *ro*ert3 located in t(e cit3 of !anilas(ould %e e7*osed to *u%lic sale. Pa3+ent 'as never +ade and t(e court orderedt(e sale of t(e *ro*ert3. )(e *ro*ert3 'as %roug(t in%3 t(e %an. A%out seven 3ears after t(e confir+ation of t(issale& a +otion 'as +ade %3 Vicente Palanca& asad+inistrator of t(e estate of t(e original defendant&'(erein t(e a**licant reuested t(e court to setaside t(e order.

ISSUE1. >O< t(e order of default and t(e udg+entrendered t(ereon 'ere void %ecause t(e court (adnever acuired urisdiction over t(e defendant orover t(e su%ect of t(e action.2. >O< t(e su**osed irregularit3 in t(e *roceedings'as of suc( gravit3 as to a+ount to a denial of due*rocess of la'.

RULIN/1.


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AvenaAvena*roceedings (ave %een instituted for itsconde+nation and sale. -ailure of t(e cler to +ail t(e notice& if in fact (edid so fail in (is dut3& is not suc( as irregularit3 asa+ounts to a denial of due *rocess of la'$ and (encein our o*inion t(at irregularit3& if *roved& 'ould notavoid t(e udg+ent in t(is case.


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AvenaAvena anuar3 2& 1/?9 8ureau of "ands granted t(ea**lication of A%agat for a sales *atent over t(e*ro*ert3. )C) O< t(e OS= (as aut(orit3 to a**ear for a6 acertain govt official in t(e PI of t(eir case %efore t(eO+%uds+an and %6 t(e Sol=en in a suit forda+ages arising fro+ a cri+e

HELD1.


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AvenaAvenaact as counsel. )(e rationale given 'as t(at *u%licofficials are su%ected to nu+erous suits& and t(reatsof cri+inal *rosecution could sta3 t(e (and of t(e*u%lic official. OS= *rovides assurance againstti+idit3 in t(at t(e3 'ill %e dul3 re*resented %3

counsel in t(e PI. ;o'ever& t(e court declared t(is ruling a%andonedin t(is case. )(e ano+al3 in t(is ruling %eco+eso%vious '(en& in t(e event of a udg+ent ofconviction& t(e case is %roug(t on a**eal to t(ea**ellate courts. )(e OS=& as t(e a**ellate counselof t(e Peo*le& is e7*ected to tae a stand against t(eaccused. !ore often t(an not& it does. Accordingl3&t(ere is a clear conflict of interest (ere& and one'(ic( s+acs of et(ical considerations& '(ere t(eOS=& as counsel for t(e *u%lic official& defends t(elatter in t(e PI& and '(ere t(e sa+e office& asa**ellate counsel of t(e Peo*le& re*resents t(e*rosecution '(en t(e case is %roug(t on a**eal. )(isano+alous situation could not (ave %eenconte+*lated and allo'ed %3 t(e la'. It is a situation'(ic( cannot %e countenanced %3 t(e Court. anot(er reason '(3 t(e OS= cant re*resent anaccused in a cri+ case@ t(e State can s*ea and actonl3 %3 la'& '(atever it sa3s or does is la'ful& andt(at '(ic( is unla'ful is not t(e 'ord or deed of t(estate. As suc(& a *u%lic official '(o is sued cri+inall3is actuall3 sued in (is *ersonal ca*acit3 inas+uc( as(is *rinci*al t(e State6 can never t(e aut(or of a'rongful act. )(e sa+e a**lies to a suit for da+agesarising fro+ a felon3& '(ere t(e *u%lic official is (eldaccounta%le for (is act$ t(e state is not lia%le. Re@ Huestion of "a' co*ied ver%ati+. )(is is allt(at is +entioned6%ot( issues raise *ure uestions of la' inas+uc( ast(ere are no evidentiar3 +atters to %e evaluated %3t(is Court. !oreover& if t(e onl3 issue is '(et(er ornot t(e conclusions of t(e trial court are inconsonance 'it( la' and uris*rudence& t(en t(eissue is a *ure uestion of la' )orres v u6. )(us&t(e Court resolved to consolidate %ot( Petitions andto treat t(e+ as Petitions for certiorari on *ureuestions of la' in accordance 'it( t(e *rovisions oft(e Rules of Court.Disposition Petition is granted.

ORTI/AS V. CA35 SCRA 393

ABAD SANTOS, 3>;3NATURE

Petition for revie' of t(e decision of t(e CAFACTSIn 1/:4& Ortigas and Co. filed a co+*laint forunla'ful detainer against !a7i+o 8el+onte in t(e

!unici*al Court of San uan RiBal& *ra3ing t(atudg+ent %e rendered 1.6 ordering t(e defendant (issuccessorsininterest to vacate and surrender t(e lotto *laintiff$ 2.6 declaring t(e residential %uildingconstructed on t(e lot %3 defendant as forfeited infavor of *laintiff$ .0 conde+ing defendant to *a3+ont(l3 rent of 5&000 fro+ ul3 1?& 1/:1 u* to t(eti+e (e vacates& toget(er 'it( attorne3s fees ande7e+*lar3 da+ages. )(e Ruled in favor of *laintiffand granted t(e relieves *ra3ed for.8el+onte filed a +otion to dis+iss in t(e Cfi %asedon lac of urisdiction on t(e *art of t(e !C. C-Idenied +otion and affir+ed in totot t(e !Cudg+ent. )(e said court also issued a 'rit ofe7ecution. 8el+onte filed a *etition for certiorari and*ro(i%ition 'it( *reli+insr3 inunction in t(e CA&assiling t(e 1.6 t(e urisdiction of t(e C-I andf !C$ 2.6t(e *ro*riet3 of t(e udg+ent on t(e *leadingsrendered %3 t(e !C$ and .6 t(e *ro*riet3 of t(eissuance of t(e 'rit of e7ecution issued %3 t(e C-I.)(e Ca ruled in favor of 8el+onte& (olding t(at t(e!C (as no urisdiction. ;ence t(e *resent *etition.ISSUES1. >O< t(e CA (as a**ellate urisdiction over t(iscase2. >O< t(e !C (ad urisdiction to resolve t(e issuesin t(e original co+*laintHELD1. it(out *reudice to t(e rig(t ofOrtigas to file t(e *ro*er action in t(e *ro*er court&t(e decisions of t(e CA& C-I and !C of San uan RiBalare set aside.

JOSEFA V ZHANDON//R 34>1

SANDOVAL-/UTIERREZ= Dece7e" ;,91

NATUREPetition for revie' on certiorari

FACTS)an re*resented (i+self to %e t(e o'ner of(ard%oards and sold t(e+ to osefa. osefa *aid all(is o%ligations to )an. )(e (ard%oards a**arentl3

%elonged to (andong. >(en )an failed to *a3(andong& it sent a de+and letter for t(e *a3+ent oft(e (ard%oards to %ot( )an and osefa.)rial Court ruled in favor of (andong)(e Court of A**eals affir+ed t(e trial courtsDecision.Petitioner filed a +otion for reconsideration %ut 'asdenied.Petitioner ascri%es to t(e CA t(e error in affir+ingt(e ruling of t(e trial court t(at osefa is lia%e to(andong des*ite F);# !O


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AvenaAvena1. >O< osefa is lia%le to (andong for t(e *a3+entof t(e +erc(andise

HELD1. ;3@ t(is Court issued t(e follo'ingresolution@ ,)(e Court Resolved to@ A6


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AvenaAvenaISSUE>(et(er or not t(e %ail %onds of res*ondents s(ould%e cancelled

HELD#S.Ratio.)(ere %eing a failure to a%ide %3 t(e %asicreuire+ent t(at t(e *rosecution %e (eard in a case'(ere t(e accused is c(arged 'it( a ca*ital offense&*rior to %ail %eing granted& +ust %e decided in favorof *etitioner. )(e %ail %onds +ust %e cancelled andt(e case re+anded to t(e sala of #7ecutive udgeAlfonso 8aguio for suc( (earing.Reasoning. 8ail 'as granted to t(e accused in t(eOrder of t(e !unici*al Court 'it(out (earing t(e*rosecution. )(at is to disregard t(e aut(oritativedoctrine enunciated in Peo*le v. San Diego.ustice Ca*istrano@ ,)(e uestion *resented %eforeus is& '(et(er t(e *rosecution 'as de*rived of*rocedural due *rocess. )(e ans'er is in t(e

affir+ative. >e are of t(e considered o*inion t(at'(et(er t(e +otion for %ail of a defendant '(o is incustod3 for a ca*ital offense %e resolved in asu++ar3 *roceeding or in t(e course of a regulartrial& t(e *rosecution +ust %e given an o**ortunit3 to*resent& 'it(in a reasona%le ti+e& all t(e evidencet(at it +a3 desire to introduce %efore t(e courts(ould resolve t(e +otion for %ail. If& as in t(ecri+inal case involved in t(e instant s*ecial civilaction& t(e *rosecution s(ould %e denied suc( ano**ortunit3& t(ere 'ould %e a violation of *roceduraldue *rocess& and t(e order of t(e court granting %ails(ould %e considered void on t(at ground.,. CardoBo@ ,);# "A>& AS ># ;AV# S##


13/116


AvenaAvena

HELD>9

NATURE)(e co++on origin of t(ese cases is Producers 8anof t(e P(ili**ines and Producers Pro*erties& Inc. vsC8& ose 8. -ernandeB. r. and t(e !onetar3 8oardfiled %efore t(e !aati R)C. t(e consolidation of t(e 2 cases 'as ordered@FIRST CASE a *etition for revie' on certiorari of t(edecision and t(e resolution of t(e CA. )(e i+*ugneddecision u*(eld t(e Order of res*ondent udge=uadiB granting t(e +otion for issuance of a 'rit of*reli+inar3 inunction enoining C8& -ernandeB andt(e !onetar3 8oard fro+ i+*le+enting !onetar38oard Resolutions


14/116


AvenaAvenade*ositors +one3& 'as utiliBed %3 P8P +anage+entto fund t(ese unsecured loans. at t(e (eig(t of t(e controvers3 surrounding t(ediscover3 of t(e ano+alous loans& several %lind ite+sa%out a fa+il3o'ned %an in 8inondo '(ic( granted

fictitious loans to its stoc(olders a**eared in +aorne's*a*ers. )(ese ne's ite+s triggered a %anrunin P8P '(ic( resulted in continuous overdra'ings ont(e %ans de+and de*osit account 'it( t(e C8. Ont(e %asis of t(e re*ort su%+itted %3 t(e Su*ervisionand #7a+ination Sector& De*art+ent I of t(e C8& t(e!onetar3 8oard !8 *laced P8P underconservators(i*. P8P nonet(eless reuested t(at t(e sa+e %e lifted%3 t(e C8. Conseuentl3& t(e !8 directed t(e*rinci*al stoc(olders of P8P to increase its ca*italaccounts %3 suc( an a+ount t(at 'ould %enecessar3 for t(e eli+ination of P8Ps negative net'ort(. C8 senior de*ut3 =overnor =a%riel Singson

infor+ed P8P t(at t(e C8 'ould %e 'illing to lift t(econservators(i* under t(e follo'ing conditions@a6 P8Ps unsecured overdraft 'it( t(e Central 8an'ill %e converted into an e+ergenc3 loan& to %esecured %3 sufficient collateral%6 A co+*troller for P8P and an3 nu+%er of %ane7a+iners dee+ed necessar3 to oversee P8Pso*erations s(all %e designated %3 t(e C8& underter+s of reference to %e deter+ined %3 t(e=overnor$c6 A letter fro+ t(e !anage+ent of P8P aut(oriBingt(e C8 to auto+aticall3 return clearing ite+s t(at'ould result in an overdraft in its C8 account s(all %esu%+itted to t(e C8. t(e !8 a**roved t(e consolidation of P8Ps ot(er

unsecured o%ligations to t(e C8 'it( its overdraftand aut(oriBing t(e conversion t(ereof into ane+ergenc3 loan. )(e sa+e resolution aut(oriBed t(eC8 =overnor to lift t(e conservators(i* and returnP8Ps +anage+ent to its *rinci*al stoc(olders u*onco+*letion of t(e docu+entation and fullcollateraliBation of t(e e+ergenc3 loan& %ut directedP8P to *a3 t(e e+ergenc3 loan in 5 eual annualinstall+ents& 'it( interest and *enalt3 rates at !RR1?0 da3s *lus 4?J *er annu+& and liuidatedda+ages of 5J for dela3ed *a3+ents. P8P su%+itted a re(a%ilitation *lan to t(e C8.Alt(oug( said *ro*osal 'as e7*lored and discussed&no *rogra+ acce*ta%le to %ot( t(e C8 and PPI 'asarrived at %ecause of disagree+ents on certain+atters suc( as interest rates& *enalties andliuidated da+ages. (ile it is true t(at underSection 2?A of t(e Central 8an Act t(e conservatortaes over t(e +anage+ent of a %an& t(e 8oard ofDirectors of suc( %an is not *ro(i%ited fro+ filing asuit to lift t(e conservators(i* and fro+ uestioningt(e validit3 of %ot( t(e conservators fraudulent acts

and a%uses and its *rinci*als !86 ar%itrar3 action$%esides& PPI is no' a *art3*laintiff in t(e action$ andc6 *laintiffs (ave *aid t(e correct filing fees since,t(e value of t(e case cannot %e esti+ated.,FIR+T C!+, na%le to acce*t t(e a%ove Order& C8 and-ernandeB filed 'it( res*ondent CA a *etition forcertiorari 'it( *reli+inar3 inunction to annul t(eOrders of t(e res*ondent udge& restrain t(ei+*le+entation of t(e sa+e and nullif3 t(e 'rit of*reli+inar3 inunction. )(e3 contend t(erein t(at@ 1.)(e trial courts inunctive order and 'rit areano+alous and illegal %ecause t(e3 are directedagainst C8 acts and +easures '(ic( constitute noinvasion of *laintiffs rig(ts$ and 2. )(e co+*laint

filed 'as& on its face& dis+issi%le@ a6 for failure tostate a cause of action& %6 for %eing unaut(oriBed %3t(e *art3 in '(ose na+e it *ur*orts to (ave %eenfiled& and c6 for failure of t(e *ur*orted *laintiff to*a3 t(e reuired filing fees. CA dis+issed t(e *etition for lac of +erit& rulingt(at t(e C8s sudden and unti+el3 announce+ent oft(e conservators(i* over P8P eroded t(e confidence'(ic( t(e %aning *u%lic (ad (it(erto re*osed on t(e%an and resulted in t(e %anrun$ it t(en concludedt(at '(en t(e C8 ,*ere+*toril3 and illti+el3announced, t(e conservators(i*& P8P 'as not givenan o**ortunit3 to %e (eard since t(e C8 ar%itraril3%rus(ed aside ad+inistrative due *rocessnot'it(standing P8Ps (aving sufficientl3 esta%lis(edits in(erent cor*orate rig(t to autono+ousl3 *erfor+its %aning activities 'it(out undue govern+ental

3:


15/116


AvenaAvenainterference t(at 'ould in effect divest itsstoc(olders of t(eir control over t(e o*erations oft(e %an., It furt(er (eld t(at t(e c(allengedresolutions of t(e !8 are not ust advisor3 inc(aracter ,%ecause t(e sa+e soug(t to i+*ose u*on

t(e res*ondent %an *etitioners govern+ental actst(at 'ere s*ecificall3 designed and e7ecuted todevise a sc(e+e t(at 'ould irre*ara%l3 divest fro+t(e stoc(olders of t(e res*ondent %an control oft(e sa+e.,On t(e issue of t(e non*a3+ent of t(e correctdocet fees& t(e said court& in ruling t(at t(e correcta+ount 'as *aid& said t(at ,t(e instant case isinca*a%le of *ecuniar3 esti+ation %ecause t(e valueof t(e losses incurred %3 t(e res*ondent %an cannot%e cali%rated nor *inned do'n to a s*ecific a+ountin vie' of t(e da+age t(at +a3 %e caused %3 t(ea**oint+ent of a conservator to its good'ill andstanding in t(e co++unit3., *etitioners filed 'it( t(is Court t(e instant *etition

for revie'. It is alleged t(erein t(at t(e res*ondentCourt co++itted grave a%use of discretion in@16 Ignoring *etitioners contention t(at since P8P didnot *a3 t(e correct filing fees& t(e trial court did notacuire urisdiction over t(e case$ (ence& *ursuant to!anc(ester Develo*+ent Cor*.& et al. vs. Court ofA**eals& et al.& t(e co+*laint s(ould (ave %eendis+issed for lac of urisdiction on t(e *art of t(ecourt$26 . . . ruling on t(e *ro*riet3 or i+*ro*riet3 of t(econservators(i* as a %asis for deter+ining t(ee7istence of a cause of action since t(e a+endedco+*laint does not see t(e annul+ent or lifting oft(e conservators(i*$6 . . . not (olding t(at t(e a+ended co+*laint

s(ould (ave %een dis+issed %ecause it 'as filed int(e na+e of P8P 'it(out t(e aut(orit3 of itsconservator$ and46 . . . not setting aside t(e Order of t(e trial courtgranting t(e issuance of a 'rit of *reli+inar3inunction '(ic( unla'full3 restrained t(e C8 fro+e7ercising its +andated res*onsi%ilities andeffectivel3 co+*elled it to allo' t(e P8P to continueincurring overdrafts 'it( it. *rivate res*ondents argue t(at t(e !anc(ester ruleis not a**lica%le in t(e case at %ar %ecause '(at is*ri+aril3 soug(t for (erein is a 'rit of inunction andnot an a'ard for da+ages$ it is furt(er alleged t(atan order den3ing a +otion to dis+iss is neit(era**eala%le nor %e +ade t(e *ro*er su%ect of a*etition for certiorari a%sent a clear s(o'ing of lacof urisdiction or grave a%use of discretion.

+,CO-D C!+, Pursuant to t(e *o'ers and aut(orit3 conferredu*on (er %3 t(e Central 8an& Att3. "eonida)ansinsin#ncarnacion& in (er ca*acit3 asconservator& instituted refor+s ai+ed at +aing P8P

+ore via%le. >it( t(is *ur*ose in +ind& s(e startedreorganiBing t(e %ans *ersonnel and co++ittees. In order to *revent (er fro+ continuing 'it( t(ereorganiBation& P8P filed an O+ni%us !otion asingt(e trial court for an order@a6 reinstating P8P officers to t(eir original *ositionsand restoring t(e %ans standing co++ittees tot(eir res*ective co+*ositions *rior to saidreorganiBation$ %6 enoining t(e lease of an3 *ortionof t(e %ans s*ace in Producers 8an Centre%uilding to t(ird *arties and t(e relocation ofde*art+entsEoffices of P8P as 'as conte+*lated$and c6 to (old& after an o**ortunit3 to %e (eard isgiven (er& said conservator in conte+*t of court fordiso%edience of and resistance to t(e 'rit of

inunction. An o**osition to t(e conte+*t c(arge 'aslater filed %3 said *etitioner. res*ondent udge issued an Order a6 reuiringconservator )ansinsin#ncarnacion to reinstate P8Pofficers to t(eir original *ositions *rior to t(ereorganiBation of t(e %ans *ersonnel and restoreP8Ps standing co++ittees to t(eir originalco+*ositions& and %6 restraining (er fro+ leasingout to t(ird *arties an3 *ortion of P8Ps s*ace in t(eProducers 8an Centre %uilding. A second Order directed )ansinsin#ncarnacion to*u%lis( t(e financial state+ent of P8P On several occasions t(ereafter& conservator)ansinsin#ncarnacion caused t(e *u%lication ofP8Ps financial state+ent as reuired %3 regulations&

'it(out& (o'ever& carr3ing t(e ite+s enu+erated %3t(e trial court as ,sus*ense accounts., Conseuentl3&conte+*t c(arges 'ere filed against (er& of '(ic(s(e 'as found guilt3. )ansinsin#ncarnacion filed a*etition for certiorari against res*ondent udge&;enr3 ". Co and t(e la' fir+ of Huisu+%ing& )orresand #vangelista. S(e *ra3s t(erein for udg+entdeclaring res*ondent udge to %e 'it(out urisdictionto entertain %ot( t(e co+*laint and a+endedco+*laint$ declaring null and void all (is orders&s*eciall3 t(e conte+*t orders$ and findingres*ondent udge and res*ondent la'3ers guilt3 ofviolating t(eir res*ective oat(s of office. In (er !e+orandu+ su%+itted to t(e CA& )ansinsin#ncarnacion alleged t(at@ 16 res*ondent udge (asno urisdiction %ecause t(e filing of t(e case 'as notaut(oriBed %3 t(e *etitioner or t(e conservator in

violation of Section 2?A of R.A.


16/116


AvenaAvena*ra3er in t(e a+ended co+*laint t(e s*ecifica+ount of da+ages . . ., On t(e orders of conte+*t and t(e reasonst(erefor& res*ondent Court +erel3 stated@. . . =enerall3& '(en t(e court (as urisdiction over

t(e su%ect +atter and of t(e *erson& decisions u*onor uestions *ertinent to t(e cause are decisions'it(in its urisdiction& and (o'ever& irregular orerroneous t(e3 +a3 %e& t(e3 cannot %e corrected %3certiorari. -inall3& on t(e ad+inistrative lia%ilit3 of t(eres*ondent udge and t(e la'3ers& t(e res*ondentCourt declared t(e clai+ to %e 'it(out +erit.

ISSUE>O< t(e res*ondent udge co++itted grave a%useof discretion a+ounting to lac of urisdiction in notdis+issing t(e Civil Case on t(e ground of non*a3+ent of t(e correct a+ount of docet fee inviolation of t(e rule enunciated in anchester

3evelopment Corp. vs. Court of Appeals# et al.

HELDRatio)(e action +ust %e dis+issed for failure of t(e*laintiffs t(erein to *a3 t(e correct docet fees&*ursuant to anchester.)(e said case 'as decided%3 t(is Court on : !a3 1/?:& e7actl3 +ont(s and20 da3s %efore t(e filing of t(e original co+*laintand 5 +ont(s and 1? da3s %efore t(e filing of t(eA+ended Co+*laint. It 'as ruled t(erein t(at@The Court ac*uires jurisdiction over an% caseonl% upon the pa%$ent of the prescri&eddoc'et fee. !n a$end$ent of the co$plaint orsi$ilar pleading will not there&% vestjurisdiction in the Court( $uch less the

pa%$ent of the doc'et fee &ased on thea$ounts sought in the a$ended pleading.Reasoning)(e res*ondent udge& in ruling t(at P8Pand PPI (ad *aid t(e correct docet fee of P102.00&said t(at ,t(e value of t(e case cannot %e esti+ated,since '(at is soug(t is an inunction against t(eenforce+ent of t(e c(allenged resolutions of t(e !8$in s(ort& t(e clai+ for da+ages is +erel3 incidental.*on t(e ot(er (and& res*ondent Court& in itsResolution& ruled t(at t(e case is ,inca*a%le of*ecuniar3 esti+ation, %ecause t(e value of t(elosses incurred %3 t(e P8P ,cannot %e cali%rated nor*inned do'n to a s*ecific a+ount in vie' of t(eda+age t(at +a3 %e caused %3 t(e a**oint+ent of aconservator to its good'ill and standing in t(e

co++unit3.,

8ot( conclusions are unfounded and are t(e result ofa +isa**re(ension of t(e allegations and causes ofaction in %ot( t(e co+*laint and a+ended co+*laint. >(ile P8P cleverl3 'orded its co+*laint to +ae ita**ear as one *rinci*all3 for inunction& deli%eratel3

o+itting t(e clai+ for da+ages as a s*ecific cause ofaction& a careful e7a+ination t(ereof %ears t(at t(esa+e is in realit3 an action for da+ages arising outof t(e alleged ,un'arranted& ill+otivated and illegalconservators(i*&, or a conservators(i* '(ic( ,'asutterl3 unnecessar3 and unustified&, and t(e,ar%itrar3, a**oint+ent of a conservator. )(us& asstated earlier& it devoted t(e %ul of its *etition todetailed events& occurrences and transactions insu**ort t(ereof and *atientl3 enu+erated t(e lossesit sustained and suffered. )(ese are t(e ver3 da+ages referred to in t(e*ra3er@Fto full3 re*air t(e da+ages inflicted on P8Pconsisting of losses of o*eration and t(e

conservators %an frauds and a%usesL%ut not s*ecified t(erein. )o t(is Courts +ind& t(is'as done to evade t(e *a3+ent of t(e corres*ondingfiling fees '(ic(& as co+*uted %3 *etitioner on t(e%asis alone of t(e s*ecified losses ofP10?&4:/&::1.00& 'ould a+ount to a%out P4:&000.00. )(e P8P t(en clearl3 acted 'it( +anifest%ad fait( in resorting to t(e foregoing clever strateg3to avoid *a3ing t(e correct filing fees. )(e*ronounce+ents in t(e !anc(ester case s(ould t(us%e reiterated@)(e Court cannot close t(is case 'it(out +aing t(eo%servation t(at it fro'ns at t(e *ractice of counsel'(o filed t(e original co+*laint in t(is case ofo+itting an3 s*ecification of t(e a+ount of da+ages

in t(e *ra3er alt(oug( t(e a+ount of over P:?+illion is alleged in t(e %od3 of t(e co+*laint. )(is isclearl3 intended for no ot(er *ur*ose t(an to evadet(e *a3+ent of t(e correct filing fees if not to+islead t(e docet cler in t(e assess+ent of t(efiling fee. . . . )(e res*ondent Court itself& confronted %3 t(esa+e issue& %ut *er(a*s una'are of its earlierResolution& ruled t(at P8P and PPI are lia%le for t(efiling fees on t(e clai+ for da+ages. res*ondent Court a**lied t(e rule laid do'n in Sun4nsurance 0ffice and 5ilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp.'(ic( 'ere& %3 t(en& alread3 overturned %3anchester. #ven granting for t(e sae of argu+entt(at Sun 4nsurance and Pilipinas Shell +a3 a**l3 in

t(is case& t(e Court categoricall3 stated@

4t is not simpl! the filing of the complaint orappropriate initiator! pleading# ut the pa!ment ofthe prescried doc'et fee# that vests a trial court$ith jurisdiction over the sujectmatter or nature ofthe action. 6here the filling of the initiator! pleading

is not accompanied ! pa!ment of the doc'et fee#the court ma! allo$ the pa!ment of the fee $ithin areasonale time ut in no case e!ond theapplicale prescriptive or reglementar! period. )(e *rescri*tive *eriod t(erein +entioned refers tot(e *eriod 'it(in '(ic( a s*ecific action +ust %efiled. It +eans t(at in ever3 case& t(e docet fee+ust %e *aid %efore t(e la*se of t(e *rescri*tive*eriod. )(ere can %e no uestion t(at in t(e instant case&P8Ps clai+s for da+ages arise out of an inur3 to itsrig(ts. Pursuant to Article 1149 of t(e Civil Code& t(eaction t(erefor +ust %e initiated 'it(in 4 3ears fro+t(e ti+e t(e cause of action accrued. Since t(eda+ages arose out of t(e alleged un'arranted& ill

+otivated& illegal& unnecessar3 and unustifiedconservators(i*& t(e cause of action& if an3& firstaccrued in 1/?4 and continued until 1/?:& '(en t(eoriginal co+*laint 'as filed. )(ere is no s(o'ing t(atP8P *aid t(e correct filing fee for t(e clai+ 'it(in t(e*rescri%ed *eriod. ;ence& not(ing can save t(e casefro+ %eing dis+issed.

DISPOSITIONPR#!IS#S CO


17/116


AvenaAvena Ascue filed a +otion to dis+iss co+*laint on t(eground t(at it is t(e R)C not !)C '(ic( (asurisdiction over consignation cases& t(e su%ect+atter of litigation %eing inca*a%le of *ecuniar3esti+ation. )(e !etro)C denied Ascues +otion to

dis+iss and (eld t(at t(e inferior court (adurisdiction since t(e consigned a+ount 'as P5&925'ell %elo' 20T6. Ascue later a**ealed to t(e R)C %ut t(e sa+edis+issed t(e a**eal for %eing *re+ature. Ascue%roug(t t(e case to t(e SC on direct a**eal %ut t(ecase 'as referred %ac to t(e CA. )(e CA t(endis+issed t(e *etition and ruled t(at t(e urisdictionof a court in consignation cases de*ends on t(ea+ount consigned& consignation %eing +erel3 a for+of *a3+ent and t(e o**osite of a de+and %3 acreditor for *a3+ent.

ISSUE>O< t(e CA erred in (olding t(at consignation cases

fall 'it(in t(e urisdiction of t(e !etro)C and t(at t(ea+ount consigned deter+ines said urisdiction

HELD Pi*. 3:;

PADILLA= APR 94, 3>5

NATUREA**eal fro+ C-I Sa+ar

FACTS"ucina 8aito filed action for su**ort against(er (us%and Anatalio Sar+iento.C-I Sa+ar dis+issed (er co+*laint on t(eground t(at it (as no urisdiction& t(e a+ountde+anded as su**ort %eing onl3 P:20

ISSUE>O< t(e C-I (as urisdiction over an action forsu**ort if t(e a+ount clai+ed or de+anded assu**ort is onl3 P:20& or not +ore t(an P2&000 no'P5&0006

HELDRatio.An action for su**ort does not onl3 involvet(e deter+ination of t(e a+ount to %e given assu**ort& %ut also t(e relation of t(e *arties& t(e rig(tto su**ort created %3 t(e relation& t(e needs of t(eclai+ant& t(e financial resources of t(e *erson fro+'(o+ su**ort is soug(t& all of '(ic( are not ca*a%leof *ecuniar3 esti+ation.

Reasoning. An action for su**ort falls 'it(in t(eoriginal urisdiction of Courts of -irst Instance under

32


18/116


AvenaAvenasection 44a6 of Re*u%lic Act


19/116


AvenaAvena )(e co+*laint alleged t(at *etitioners are coo'ners of t(at *arcel of land in "iloan& Ce%u. )(eland 'as *reviousl3 o'ned %3 t(e s*ouses Casi+ero)aut(o and Cesaria )aut(o. *on t(e deat( of said s*ouses& t(e *ro*ert3 'as

in(erited %3 t(eir legal (eirs& (erein *etitioners and*rivate res*ondents. Since t(en& t(e lot (adre+ained undivided until *etitioners discovered a*u%lic docu+ent deno+inated ,D#C"ARA)IO< O-;#IRS A


20/116


AvenaAvena)(ere is no controvers3& as to t(e contractual *ricefor t(e *lastifil+ %ags$ t(e dis*ute is '(et(er or notu Sio "iong 'as ustified in its refusal to acce*t t(edeliver3 of t(e %ags. )(is +atter *lainl3 is notca*a%le of *ecuniar3 esti+ation& and& t(erefore& is

not 'it(in t(e urisdiction of t(e !)C.S*eaing of t(e original urisdiction of t(e ustice oft(e Peace and !unici*al Courts& t(e udiciar3 Act& asa+ended& in its sec??& after conferring originalurisdiction in ustice of t(e Peace and !unici*alCourts over cases '(ere t(e value of t(e su%ect+atter or a+ount of t(e de+and does not e7ceedP5&000.00& *rovides nevert(eless in its *ar2 t(at,)(e urisdiction of a ustice of t(e *eace and udgeof a +unici*al court s(all not e7tend to civil actionsin '(ic( t(e su%ect of litigation is not ca*a%le of*ecuniar3 esti+ation& e7ce*t in forci%le entr3 anddetainer cases$ nor to t(ose '(ic( involve t(elegalit3 of an3 ta7& i+*ost or assess+ent$ nor toactions involving ad+iralt3 or +ariti+e urisdiction$

nor to +atters of *ro%ate& t(e a**oint+ents oftrustees or receiver$ nor to actions for annul+ent of+arriages$ . . ., urisdiction over t(e classes of casest(us e7cluded is conferred on t(e C-I udiciar3 Act&sec446.)(at !anufacturers Distri%utorss co+*laint alsosoug(t t(e *a3+ent %3 u Sio "iong of P&:9.00*lus interest and attorne3s fees& does not give a*ecuniar3 esti+ation to t(e litigation& for t(e*a3+ent of suc( a+ounts can onl3 %e ordered as aconseuence of t(e s*ecific *erfor+ance *ri+aril3soug(t. In ot(er 'ords& suc( *a3+ent 'ould %e %utan incident or conseuence of u Sio "iongs lia%ilit3for s*ecific *erfor+ance. If no suc( lia%ilit3 isudiciall3 declared& t(e *a3+ent cannot %e a'arded.

;ence& t(e a+ounts soug(t do not re*resent t(evalue of t(e su%ect of litigation.Su%ect +atter over '(ic( urisdiction cannot %econferred %3 consent& (as reference& not to t(e res or*ro*ert3 involved in t(e litigation nor to a *articularcase& %ut to t(e class of cases& t(e *ur*orted su%ectof litigation& t(e nature of t(e action and of t(e reliefsoug(t.+he 8unicipal +rial9 Court has no jurisdiction of asuit for specific performance of a contract# althoughthe damages alleged for its reach# if permitted# are$ithin the amount of $hich that court has

jurisdiction.CruB vs. )an ?: P(il. 92:6 is ina**lica%le. In saidcase& t(e *laintiff (ad +ade an alternative *ra3er@

s*ecific *erfor+ance or *a3+ent of t(e su+ ofP944.1. )(e alternative *ra3er +eant t(at t(e

*a3+ent of t(e latter su+ 'as a *ecuniar3esti+ation of t(e s*ecific *erfor+ance soug(t& sinceit 'ould euall3 satisf3 t(e clai+s of t(e *laintiffs. Int(e *resent case& t(e *a3+ent in +one3 is not analternative euivalent& %ut a conseuence or result of

t(e s*ecific *erfor+ance& and (ence can notconstitute a *ecuniar3 esti+ation t(ereof.DispositionC-I order affir+ed.

CRUZ V TAN?: SCRA 92:

=O$ 5;

FACTS Andres "a*itan (as a**ealed directl3 to t(is Courtagainst an order of t(e C-I of Ce%u& dis+issing& forlac of urisdiction& (is co+*laint for rescission andda+ages against a**ellees Scandia& Inc.& of !anilaand =eneral #ngineering Co. of Ce%u. Plaintiff averst(at on A*ril 1:& 1/9 (e *urc(ased fro+ Scandia&Inc.& one A8C Diesel #ngine$ t(at (e %oug(t t(e

engine for running a rice and corn +ill$ t(atdefendants (ad 'arranted and assured (i+ t(at all

9


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AvenaAvenas*are *arts for said engine are e*t in stoc in t(eirstores& ena%ling (i+ to avoid loss due to long *eriodsof 'aiting& and t(at defendants 'ould re*lace an3*art of t(e engine t(at +ig(t %rea 'it(in 12 +ont(safter deliver3.

)(e ca+ rocer ar+ of t(e engine %roe due tofault3 +aterial and 'or+ans(i* and it sto**edfunctioning$ t(e sellers 'ere una%le to send are*lace+ent until August 2/& 1/9$ %arel3 si7 da3safter re*lace+ent t(e ne' *art %roe again due tofault3 casting and *oor +aterial& so "a*itan notifiedt(e sellers and de+anded rescission of t(e contractof sale$ (e soug(t return of t(e *rice and da+ages%ut defendants did not *a3. Scandia& Inc.& +oved to dis+iss t(e co+*laint ont(e ground t(at t(e total a+ount clai+ed 'as onl3P?&:5.00& and 'as 'it(in t(e e7clusive urisdictionof t(e +unici*al court& under RA ?2?& a+ending t(eudiciar3 Act %3 increasing t(e urisdiction of+unici*al courts to civil cases involving P10&000.00

or less. )(e C-I dis+issed t(e action for lac ofurisdiction. "a*itan a**ealed directl3 to t(is Court&arguing 16 t(at rescission 'as inca*a%le of*ecuniar3 esti+ation& and 26 t(at as (e clai+ed+oral and e7e+*lar3 da+ages& %esides t(e *rice ofP&:5.00& P4&000.00 actual da+ages& and P1&000.00attorne3s fees& t(e value of (is de+and e7ceededt(e urisdiction of t(e +unici*al court.

ISSUE>O< C-I (ad urisdiction

HELDYES.Ratio.In deter+ining '(et(er an action is one t(e

su%ect +atter of '(ic( is not ca*a%le of *ecuniar3esti+ation& t(is Court (as ado*ted t(e criterion offirst ascertaining t(e nature of t(e *rinci*al action orre+ed3 soug(t. If it is *ri+aril3 for t(e recover3 of asu+ of +one3& t(e clai+ is considered ca*a%le of*ecuniar3 esti+ation& and '(et(er urisdiction is int(e +unici*al courts or in t(e C-I 'ould de*end ont(e a+ount of t(e clai+. ;o'ever& '(ere t(e %asicissue is so+et(ing ot(er t(an t(e rig(t to recover asu+ of +one3& or '(ere t(e +one3 clai+ is *urel3incidental to& or a conseuence of& t(e *rinci*al reliefsoug(t& lie in suits to (ave t(e defendant *erfor+(is *art of t(e contract and in actions for su**ort& orfor annul+ent of a udg+ent or to foreclose a+ortgage& t(is Court (as considered suc( actions as

cases '(ere t(e su%ect of t(e litigation +a3 not %eesti+ated in ter+s of +one3& and are cogniBa%le

e7clusivel3 %3 t(eC-I. Actions for s*ecific*erfor+ance of contracts (ave %een e7*ressl3*ronounced to %e e7clusivel3 cogniBa%le %3 t(e C-I.And no cogent reason a**ears '(3 an action forrescission s(ould %e differentl3 treated. >e&

t(erefore& rule t(at t(e su%ect +atter of actions forrescission of contracts are not ca*a%le of *ecuniar3esti+ation.

THE /OOD DEVELOPMENTCORPORATION V TUTAAN

: SCRA 1?/CO2;

FACTS)(is case is a%out t(e *ro*riet3 of a se*arate actionto co+*el a distressed rural %an& '(ic( is underudicial liuidation& to acce*t a c(ec in *a3+ent of a+ortgage de%t.S*ouses -rancisco S. ;ernandeB and osefa .AtienBa o%tained fro+ t(e Rural 8an of "ucena& Inc.a loan of P9&000 secured %3 a +ortgage on t(eir t'olots situated in Cu%ao& HueBon Cit3. )(ree +ont(safter t(at loan 'as o%tained& t(e "ucena %an%eca+e a distressed %an.8efore t(e e7*iration of t(e one 3ear ter+ of t(eloan& or on August 22& 1/91& ;ernandeB 'ent to t(e"ucena %an and offered to *a3 t(e loan %3 +eans ofa c(ec for P9&000 '(ic( 'as dra'n against t(e%an %3 a de*ositor& t(e San Pa%lo Colleges& and'(ic( 'as *a3a%le to ;ernandeB. As t(e %anse7ecutive vice*resident 'as not availa%le& t(e*a3+ent 'as not consu++ated. At t(e ti+e t(at t(ec(ec 'as issued& t(e San Pa%lo Colleges (ad a

93


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AvenaAvenade*osit in t(e "ucena %an a+ounting to P11&?/0.19.Instead of 'it(dra'ing P9&000 fro+ t(at de*osit& t(eSan Pa%lo Colleges c(ose to issue a c(ec for t(ata+ount to ;ernandeB. ;e sent to t(e %an %3registered +ail a *(otostat of t(e c(ec and a letter

inuiring '(et(er t(e %an 'ould (onor t(e c(ecand '(en (e could go *ersonall3 to t(e %an for t(at*ur*ose. )(at letter 'as received %3 t(e %an. )(ee7ecutive vice*resident 'rote to ;ernandeB andinfor+ed (i+ t(at t(e c(ec could not %e (onored fort(e ti+e %eing %ecause of adverse events t(at (addisru*ted t(e %ans o*erations. >(at t(e vice*resident +eant 'as t(at %3 reason of t(e letter oft(e Central 8an =overnor dated une 19& 1/91 t(eo*erations of t(e "ucena %an 'ere sus*ended. )(evice*resident e7*lained t(at %ecause t(ere 'as arun on t(e %an its assets 'ere e7(austed& and sot(e c(ec sent %3 ;ernandeB& '(ic( c(ec 'asdra'n against t(e "ucena %an& could not %eacce*ted. )(e vice*resident said t(at '(en

;ernandeB *resented t(e c(ec& t(e "ucena %an'as no longer in a *osition to (onor 'it(dra'als andt(at (ad ;ernandeB *aid cas(& (is *a3+ent 'ould(ave %een acce*ted. )o (onor t(e c(ec 'ould (ave%een tanta+ount to allo'ing a de*ositor San Pa%loColleges6 to +ae a 'it(dra'al %ut t(e "ucena %ancould not entertain 'it(dra'als 'it(out t(e consentof t(e Central 8an e7a+iners. Pa3+ent %3 c(ec'as a dis%urse+ent.A**arentl3& t(e vice*resident did not tae t(etrou%le of asing t(e Central 8an e7a+iners'(et(er t(e *a3+ent %3 c(ec +ade %3 ;ernandeBcould %e acce*ted. ;ernandeB (i+self '(o s(ould(ave no'n t(at t(e %an 'as a distressed %an'(ic( (ad sus*ended o*erations and '(ic( 'as

under t(e su*ervision of Central 8an e7a+iners& didnot %ot(er to tae u* (is *ro%le+ 'it( t(e saide7a+iners.;ernandeB again ased t(e %an '(en (e coulddeliver t(e c(ec. )(e e7ecutive vice*resident told;ernandeB t(at t(e %an could not 3et (onor t(ec(ec %ecause it (ad not resu+ed its %aningo*erations$ t(at it 'as a'aiting t(e outco+e of acase filed %3 t(e %an against t(e Central 8an$ t(atit +ig(t reo*en in anuar3& 1/92& and t(at& an3'a3&t(e loan 'ould not %e due until !arc( 21& 1/92.;ernandeB sent anot(er letter and enclosed t(eoriginal c(ec dul3 endorsed6 'it( (is letter to t(e%an sent %3 registered +ail and s*ecial deliver3."etter 'as returned to ;ernandeB %ecause t(e

%ans +anager 'as allegedl3 in !anila. ndeterred&

;ernandeB again +ailed t(e c(ec to t(e %an 'it(t(e reuest t(at (is +ortgage %e cancelled.!onetar3 8oard (ad decided to liuidate t(e "ucena%an. )o i+*le+ent t(e resolution of t(e !onetar38oard for t(e "iuidation of t(e "ucena %an& t(e

Central 8an& *ursuant to section 2/ of its c(arterand on t(e assu+*tion t(at t(e "ucena %an 'asinsolvent& filed 'it( t(e Court of -irst Instance of!anila a *etition dated !arc( 2:& 1/92 for assistanceand su*ervision in t(e liuidation of t(e "ucena %an.Court of -irst Instance of !anila issued an orderdirecting t(e "ucena %an to turn over its assets tot(e Central 8ans aut(oriBed re*resentative.A+ong t(e accounts receiva%le of t(e "ucena %aninventoried %3 t(e Central 8ans re*resentative 'ast(e account of ;ernandeB. In a letter dated Octo%er2/& 1/9 ;ernandeB infor+ed t(e Central 8an t(at(e (ad sent to t(e "ucena %an on A*ril 25& 1/92 t(ec(ec for P9&000. ;e again reuested t(at (is+ortgage %e cancelled. )(e Associate

Su*erintendent of 8ans in (is ans'er returned t(ec(ec to ;ernandeB and infor+ed (i+ t(at&according to t(e "ucena %ans e7ecutive vice*resident& t(e c(ec could not %e a**lied to t(e*a3+ent of ;ernandeB loan %ecause t(e %an 'asalread3 closed '(en (e received t(e c(ec.!oreover& t(e c(ec 'as dra'n against t(e currentde*osits of t(e San Pa%lo Colleges in t(e "ucena%an '(ic( 'as in t(e *rocess of liuidation.;ernandeB 'as advised to settle (is account %3*a3ing cas( or %3 +eans of a c(ec dra'n against a%an ot(er t(an t(e "ucena %an.Disregarding t(at suggestion& ;ernandeB announcedto t(e Associate Su*erintendent of 8ans in (is lettert(at (e 'as going to de*osit t(e said c(ec in t(e

Court of -irst Instance of "i*a Cit3 on or %eforeDece+%er 29& 1/9.Instead of filing a consignation co+*laint.;ernandeB enclosed t(e c(ec 'it( (is letter to t(ecler of court of t(e Court of -irst Instance at "i*aCit3. ;ernandeB 'rote a letter dated anuar3 11&1/94 infor+ing t(e Associate Su*erintendent of8ans of t(e udicial de*osit of t(e c(ec. Co*ies oft(at letter 'ere furnis(ed t(e "ucena %an and t(eSan Pa%lo Colleges. ;ernandeB and (is 'ife filed an action in t(e Courtof -irst Instance at "i*a Cit3 to co+*el t(e Rural8an of "ucena& Inc.& t(e Central 8an as liuidator&and ose S. !artineB as receiver& to acce*t t(e c(ecand to e7ecute t(e cancellation of t(e real estate

+ortgage. )(e ;ernandeB s*ouses also ased for

+oral da+ages in t(e a+ount of P10&000 andattorne3s fees of P&000. Central 8an filed a +otion to dis+iss. It contendedt(at t(ere 'as i+*ro*er venue %ecause& as t(eaction allegedl3 involved title to real *ro*ert3& it

s(ould (ave %een instituted in HueBon Cit3 '(eret(e encu+%ered lots are situated. It furt(ercontended t(at since t(e "ucena %an is underliuidation and is in t(e (ands of a receiver& its*ro*erties and assets are in custodia legis and +a3&t(erefore& %e reac(ed onl3 %3 +otion or *etition inCivil Case O< t(e action of t(e ;ernandeB s*ouses to

co+*el t(e+ to (onor t(e c(ec in uestion and tocancel t(e +ortgage on t(eir t'o lots is a real actionaffecting title to real *ro*ert3 '(ic( s(ould (ave%een filed in t(e Court of -irst Instance of RiBal atHueBon Cit3 '(ere t(e +ortgaged lots are situated.2. >O< "ucena %an (ad not lost its uridical*ersonalit3 after it 'as *laced under liuidation t(us+aing it not fall under t(e urisdiction of t(eliuidation court

HELD1.


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AvenaAvenaco++enced and tried in t(e *rovince '(ere t(e*ro*ert3 or an3 *art t(ereof lies,22, 24 SCRA 39:, 39;. @O& c!"#e, e %c%*"e#i)ence %( %*#! in #!e c%#e# 7e e *e+%*"e#i)ence !" )!ici*e..San uan& 8atangas +ig(t %e t(e *lace '(ere t(e

*laintiffs (ave t(eir do+icile or legal residence %utt(ere is no uestion t(at 11 C(icago Street& Cu%ao&HueBon Cit3 is t(eir *lace of a%ode or t(e *lace'(ere t(e3 actuall3 reside. So& t(e action in t(iscase& '(ic( is a *ersonal action to co+*el t(edefendants to (onor t(e c(ec in uestion and tocancel t(e +ortgage& s(ould (ave %een filed inHueBon Cit3 if t(e *laintiffs intended to use t(eirresidence as t(e %asis for t(eir c(oice of venue.)(e Central 8an *oints out t(at t(e rede+*tionaction of t(e ;ernandeB s*ouses 'ould ulti+atel3affect t(e funds and *ro*ert3 of t(e "ucena 8an.;ence& t(e liuidation court is t(e co+*etent tri%unalto *ass u*on t(e issue as to '(et(er t(e ;ernandeBs*ouses could validl3 *a3 t(eir +ortgage de%t %3

+eans of t(e c(ec of t(e San Pa%lo Colleges.

2.


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AvenaAvenae 7%n8, ! !7'i%e e p"!*i&e"%i!n !&*ii+%i!n# %n) ! %'!i) in#ice %n)%"7i"%"ine##.

Dispositio-. >;#R#-OR#& t(e trial court udg+ent

is reversed and set aside. )(e case is dis+issed'it(out *reudice to t(e rig(t of t(e ;ernandeBs*ouses to tae u* 'it( t(e liuidation court t(esettle+ent of t(eir +ortgage o%ligation. Costsagainst t(e *laintiffs a**ellees. SO ORD#R#D.

In pe"#!n%0 in "e0 %#i in "e

DE MID/ELY VS FERANDOS@SUPRA

FACTS;alf%rot(er a**ointed as ad+inistrator& caused t(ee7traterritorial service of su++ons to (alf si%lingsliving in S*ain to settle t(e uestion of o'ners(i*over certain *ro*erties and rig(ts in so+e +iningclai+s as Hue+ada %elieved t(at t(ose *ro*erties%elong to t(e estate of Alvaro Pastor& Sr. De !idgel3and Pastor %ot( filed a +otion to dis+iss on t(eground of lac of urisdiction 8) furt(er alleged t(atearnest efforts to'ards a co+*ro+ise (ave not %een+ade

ON ACTIONS IN REM#ven if t(e lo'er court did not acuire urisdictionover De !idgel3& (er +otion to dis+iss 'as *ro*erl3denied %ecause Hue+adas action against (er+a3%e regarded as a %#i in "e '(ere

jurisdiction over the person of a nonresidentdefendant is not necessar! and $here the service ofsummons is re,uired onl! for the purpose ofcompl!ing $ith the re,uirement of due process.%#i in "eis an action et$een parties $herethe direct oject is to reach and dispose of propert!o$ed ! the parties or of some interest therein.in a uasi in re+ action urisdiction over a nonresident defendant is not essential. )(e service ofsu++ons %3 *u%lication is reuired +erel3 to satisf3t(e constitutional reuire+ent of due *rocess. )(eudg+ent of t(e court 'ould settle t(e title to t(e*ro*erties and to t(at e7tent it *artaes of t(enature of udg+ent in re+. )(e udg+ent is confinedto t(e res *ro*erties6 and no *ersonal udg+entcould %e rendered against t(e non resident.

COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION

CB V. CA@#p"%FACTSConsolidated cases. Issue 'as regarding t(e*a3+ent of t(e correct docet fee.

RULIN/ ON COMMENCEMENT OF ACTIONIt is not si+*l3 t(e filing of t(e co+*laint ora**ro*riate initiator3 *leading& %ut t(e *a3+ent oft(e *rescri%ed docet fee& t(at vests a trial court'it( urisdiction over t(e su%ect+atter or nature oft(e action. >(ere t(e filling of t(e initiator3 *leadingis not acco+*anied %3 *a3+ent of t(e docet fee&t(e court +a3 allo' t(e *a3+ent of t(e fee 'it(in areasona%le ti+e %ut in no case %e3ond t(e a**lica%le*rescri*tive or regle+entar3 *eriod. )(e *rescri*tive *eriod t(erein +entioned refers tot(e *eriod 'it(in '(ic( a s*ecific action +ust %efiled. It +eans t(at in ever3 case& t(e docet fee+ust %e *aid %efore t(e la*se of t(e *rescri*tive*eriod.

/O V TON//.R. N!. 343>:9.

PAN/ANIBAN= N!'e7e" 92, 91

NATUREPetition for revie' on Certiorari

FACTS Petitioner uana =o *urc(ased a cas(iers c(ec ofP500T fro+ t(e -ar #ast 8an and )rust Co+*an3-#8)C6& *rivate res*ondent )ong. On =osinstruction& t(e cas(iers c(ec %ore t(e 'ords Y-inalPa3+entEHuitclai+ after t(e na+e of *a3ee )ongallegedl3 to insure t(at )ong 'ould (onor (isco++it+ent t(at (e 'ould no longer as for furt(er*a3+ents for (is interest in t(e Yinfor+al %usiness*artners(i* '(ic( (e and s(e (ad earlier dissolved.)ong de*osited it 'it( t(e 'ords Y-inalPa3+entEHuitclai+ alread3 erased& (ence& it 'as not(onored. )ongs la'3er reuested t(at t(e c(ec %e re*laced'it( anot(er *a3a%le to Yo(nson )ong-inalSettle+entEHuitclai+ 'it( sa+e a+ount& t(e %an

c(arges to %e *aid %3 (is client)ong& '(ic( 'asdenied %3 -#8)C. So& )ong filed co+*laint against-#8)C and =o at R)C !anila. -#8)C and =oans'ered t(at erasure 'as intentional& '(ic(ustified t(e dis(onor and refusal to re*lace c(ec.

Case *ending& =os son& =eorge& filed a cri+inalco+*laint against )ong falsification of t(e c(ec. )(ecri+inal co+*laint 'as dis+issed. )ong filed Y!otion for "eave to -ile a Su**le+entalCo+*laint and to Ad+it t(e Attac(ed Su**le+entalCo+*laint '(ic( Su**le+ental Co+*laint allegedt(at S*s. =os Yused t(eir son to file t(e cri+inalco+*laint against (i+ '(ic( caused da+ages&(ence& t(e *ra3er for an increase in t(e a+ount of!D and #D soug(t to %e recovered fro+ P2.5! toP55! and *ra3ing for t(e a'ard of AD of P5?T. R)Cgranted t(e +otion and ad+itted t(e Su**le+entalCo+*laint. =o filed a !anifestation of De*osit and de*osited tot(e R)C Cler of Court P500T re*resenting t(e

a+ount of t(e c(ec& suject to the condition that itshall remain deposited until the disposition of thecase.< !-Rs of -#8)C and =o 'ere denied. One of t(e defenses of -#8)C and =o@ )ong cannot*rosecute (is Su**le+ental Co+*laint& and t(e sa+es(ould %e dis+issed& unless t(e corres*ondingdocet fee and legal fees for t(e +onetar3 clai+s ofP55! are *aid for. On -e%. 5& 1///& R)C& acting on t(e ver%al +otionof )ongs counsel& allo'ed t(e release of *etitionersP500T de*osit to )ong. "ater& R)C& in t(e interest ofustice and %ecause of t(e (uge a+ount of outla3involved t(e Court considers t(e %usiness cli+ateand t(e *eso crunc( *revailing6& allo'ed )ong to firstde*osit P25T on or %efore Dec.15& 1/// and P20T

ever3 +ont( t(ereafter until t(e full a+ount ofdocet fees is *aid& and Fonl3 t(en s(all t(e de*osits%e considered as *a3+ent of docet fees.L -#8)Cand =o filed !-R %ut 'as denied. ;ence& t(is case.

ISSUE>O< res*ondent udge and t(e CA erred in allo'ing*rivate res*ondent to *a3 t(e docet fee on astaggered %asis.

HELD


25/116


AvenaAvenade+onstrated& t(e discretion of t(e trial udge ingranting staggered *a3+ent s(all not %e distur%ed.Reasoning An action co++ences fro+ t(e filing oft(e original co+*laint and t(e *a3+ent of t(e*rescri%ed docet fees. ;o'ever& '(ere t(e filing of

t(e initiator3 *leading is not acco+*anied %3*a3+ent of t(e docet fee& t(e court +a3 allo'*a3+ent of t(e fee 'it(in a reasona%le ti+e %ut inno case %e3ond t(e a**lica%le *rescri*tive orregle+entar3 *eriod. =Sun 4nsurance 0ffice -td. 7

Asuncion>In ot(er 'ords& '(ile t(e *a3+ent of t(e*rescri%ed docet fee is a urisdictional reuire+ent&even its non*a3+ent at t(e ti+e of filing does notauto+aticall3 cause t(e dis+issal of t(e case& aslong as t(e fee is *aid 'it(in t(e a**lica%le*rescri*tive or regle+entar3 *eriod$ +ore so '(ent(e *art3 involved de+onstrates a 'illingness toa%ide %3 t(e rules *rescri%ing suc( *a3+ent.Disposition Petition is D#4:

AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ= Ap"i* 39, 94

NATUREPetition for certiorari and *ro(i%ition

FACTS Private res*ondents Custodio& Rufo& )o+as and;onorio& all surna+ed 8alane o'n a 1&// suare+eter *arcel of land situated in !ala3o


26/116


AvenaAvena It +ust %e clarified t(at t(e said order is %ut aresolution on an incidental +atter '(ic( does nottouc( on t(e +erits of t(e case or *ut an end to t(e*roceedings. It is an interlocutor3 order since t(ereleaves so+et(ing else to %e done %3 t(e trial court

'it( res*ect to t(e +erits of t(e case. )(e re+ed3against an interlocutor3 order is generall3 not toresort fort('it( to certiorari& %ut to continue 'it( t(ecase in due course and& '(en an unfavora%le verdictis (anded do'n& to tae an a**eal in t(e +anneraut(oriBed %3 la'. Onl3 '(en t(e court issued suc(order 'it(out or in e7cess of urisdiction or 'it(grave a%use of discretion and '(en t(e assailedinterlocutor3 order is *atentl3 erroneous and t(ere+ed3 of a**eal 'ould not afford adeuate ande7*editious relief 'ill certiorari %e considered ana**ro*riate re+ed3 to assail an interlocutor3 order.Suc( s*ecial circu+stances are a%solutel3 'anting int(e *resent case. Plainl3& '(ile t(e *a3+ent of t(e *rescri%ed docet

fee is a urisdictional reuire+ent& even its non*a3+ent at t(e ti+e of filing does not auto+aticall3cause t(e dis+issal of t(e case& as long as t(e fee is*aid 'it(in t(e a**lica%le *rescri*tive orregle+entar3 *eriod& +ore so '(en t(e *art3involved de+onstrates a 'illingness to a%ide %3 t(erules *rescri%ing suc( *a3+ent. )(us& '(eninsufficient filing fees 'ere initiall3 *aid %3 t(e*laintiffs and t(ere 'as no intention to defraud t(egovern+ent& t(e !anc(ester rule does not a**l3.nder t(e *eculiar circu+stances of t(is case& t(ereinstate+ent of t(e co+*laint 'as ust and *ro*erconsidering t(at t(e cause of action of *rivateres*ondents& %eing a real action& *rescri%es in t(irt33ears& and *rivate res*ondents did not reall3 intend

to evade t(e *a3+ent of t(e *rescri%ed docet fee%ut si+*l3 contend t(at t(e3 could not %e faulted forinadeuate assess+ent %ecause t(e cler of court+ade no notice of de+and or reassess+ent. )(e3'ere in good fait( and si+*l3 relied on t(eassess+ent of t(e cler of court. >(ile t(e docet fees 'ere %ased onl3 on t(e real*ro*ert3 valuation& t(e trial court acuiredurisdiction over t(e action& and udg+ent a'ards'(ic( 'ere left for deter+ination %3 t(e court or as+a3 %e *roven during trial 'ould still %e su%ect toadditional filing fees '(ic( s(all constitute a lien ont(e udg+ent. It 'ould t(en %e t(e res*onsi%ilit3 oft(e Cler of Court of t(e trial court or (is dul3aut(oriBed de*ut3 to enforce said lien and assess

and collect t(e additional fees.

CAUSE OF ACTION, DEFINEDFELIPE V LEUTERIO

/1 P(il 4?2

8engBon$ !a3 0& 1/52

NATUREOriginal Action in t(e Su*re+e Court. Certiorari

FACTS?In an oratorical contest (eld in e o%serve t(at inassu+ing urisdiction over t(e +atter& t(eres*ondent udge reasoned out t(at '(ere t(ere is a'rong t(ere is a re+ed3 and t(at courts of firstinstance are courts of general urisdiction.)(e fla' in (is reasoning lies in t(e assu+*tion t(at

I+*erial suffered so+e 'rong at t(e (ands of t(e%oard of udges. If at all& t(ere 'as error on t(e *artof one udge& at +ost. #rror and 'rong do not +eant(e sa+e t(ing. ,>rong, as used in t(e aforesaidlegal *rinci*le is t(e de*rivation or violation of arig(t. As stated %efore& a contestant (as no rig(t tot(e *riBe unless and until (e or s(e is declared'inner %3 t(e %oard of referees or udges=ranting t(at I+*erial suffered so+e loss or inur3&3et in la' t(ere are instances of ,da+nu+ a%sueinuria,. )(is is one of t(e+. If fraud or +alice (ad%een *roven& it 'ould %e a different *ro*osition. 8utt(en (er action s(ould %e directed against t(eindividual udge or udges '(o fraudulentl3 or+aliciousl3 inured (er. (en t(e sc(ool 3ear 'as a%out to end t(e,Co++ittee On )(e Rating Of Students -or ;onor,'as constituted %3 t(e teac(ers concerned at saidsc(ool for t(e *ur*ose of selecting t(e ,(onorstudents, of its graduating class. )(e a%ovena+edco++ittee deli%erated and finall3 adudged )eodoroC. Santiago& r. as t(ird (onor. )(e sc(oolsgraduation e7ercises 'ere t(ereafter set for !a3 21&1/95$ %ut t(ree da3s %efore t(at date& t(e ,t(ird*lacer, )eodoro Santiago& r.& re*resented %3 (is+ot(er& and 'it( (is fat(er as counsel& soug(t t(einvalidation of t(e ,raning of (onor students, t(us

+ade& %3 instituting t(e civil case in t(e Court of -irstInstance of Cota%ato& against t(e co++ittee+e+%ers along 'it( t(e District Su*ervisor and t(eAcade+ic Su*ervisor of t(e *lace.SANTIA/O# %**e+e) %? 16Plaintiff*etitioner)eodoro C. Santiago& r. is a si7t( grader at t(e Sero#le+entar3 Sc(ool in Cota%ato Cit3 sc(eduled to %egraduated on !a3 21st& 1/95 'it( t(e (onor ran oft(ird *lace& '(ic( is dis*uted$ 26 )(at t(e teac(ersof t(e sc(ool (ad %een +ade res*ondents as t(e3co+*ose t(e ,Co++ittee on t(e Rating of Studentfor ;onor,& '(oserave a%use of official discretion ist(e su%ect of suit& '(ile t(e ot(er defendants 'ereincluded as Princi*al& District Su*ervisor andAcade+ic Su*ervisor of t(e sc(ool$ 6 )(at )eodoro

Santiago& r. (ad %een a consistent (onor *u*il fro+=rade I to =rade V of t(e Sero #le+entar3 Sc(ool&

95


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AvenaAvena'(ile Patricia "igat second *lacer in t(e dis*utedraning in =rade VI6 (ad never %een a close rival of*etitioner %efore& e7ce*t in =rade V '(erein s(eraned t(ird$ 46 )(at Santiago& r. (ad %een*reudiced& '(ile (is closest rival (ad %een so +uc(

%enefited& %3 t(e circu+stance t(at t(e latter&Socorro !edina& 'as coac(ed and tutored during t(esu++er vacation of 1/94 %3 !rs. Al*as '(o %eca+et(e teac(er of %ot( *u*ils in #nglis( in =rade VI&resulting in t(e far lead !edina o%tained over t(eot(er *u*il$ 56 )(at t(e co++ittee referred to in t(iscase (ad %een illegall3 constituted as t(e sa+e 'asco+*osed of all t(e =rade VI teac(ers onl3& inviolation of t(e Service !anual for )eac(ers of t(e8ureau of Pu%lic Sc(ools '(ic( *rovides t(at t(eco++ittee to select t(e (onor students s(ould %eco+*osed of all teac(ers in =rades V and VI$ 96 )(att(ere are direct and circu+stantial +atters& '(ic(s(all %e *roven during t(e trial& '(erein res*ondents(ave e7ercised grave a%use of discretion and

irregularities& suc( as t(e c(anging of t(e finalratings on t(e grading s(eets of Socorro !edina andPatricia "igat$ :6 )(at t(ere 'as a unani+ousagree+ent and understanding a+ong t(eres*ondent teac(ers to insult and *reudice t(esecond and t(ird (onors %3 rating Socorro !edina'it( a *erfect score& '(ic( is ver3 unnatural$ ?6 )(att(e 'ords ,first *lace, in *etitioners certificate in=rade I 'as erased and re*laced 'it( t(e 'ords,second *lace,& '(ic( is an instance of t(e unustand discri+inating a%uses co++itted %3 t(eres*ondent teac(ers in t(e dis*uted selection of(onor *u*ils t(e3 +ade$ /6 )(at *etitioner*ersonall3 a**ealed t(e +atter to t(e Sc(oolPrinci*al& to t(e District Su*ervisor& and to t(e

Acade+ic Su*ervisor& %ut said officials ,*assed t(e%uc to eac( ot(er, to dela3 (is grievances& and asto a**eal to (ig(er aut(orities 'ill %e too late& t(ereis no ot(er s*eed3 and adeuate re+ed3 under t(ecircu+stances$ and& t(at *etitioner and (is *arentssuffered +ental and +oral da+ages in t(e a+ount ofP10&000.00$ and 106 )(e *etitioners *ra3ed to t(eCourt to set aside t(e f inal list of (onor students in=rade VI of t(e Sero #le+entar3 Sc(ool for t(atsc(ool 3ear 1/941/95& and& during t(e *endenc3 oft(e suit& to enoin t(e res*ondent teac(ers fro+officiall3 and for+all3 *u%lis(ing and *roclai+ing t(esaid (onor *u*ils in =rade VI in t(e graduatione7ercises t(e sc(ool 'as sc(eduled to (old on t(e21st of !a3 of t(at 3ear 1/95.

"C@ denied inunction

As sc(eduled& t(e graduation e7ercises of t(e Sero#le+entar3 Sc(ool for t(e sc(ool 3ear 1/941/95'as (eld on !a3 21& 'it( t(e sa+e *rotested list of(onor students.)(e Court t(en reuired t(e res*ondents to ans'er

t(e *etition 'it(in 10 da3s %ut res*ondents +ovedfor t(e dis+issal of t(e case instead on t(e grounds16 t(at t(e action for certiorari 'as i+*ro*er& and26 t(at even assu+ing t(e *ro*riet3 of t(e action&t(e uestion %roug(t %efore t(e court (ad alread3%eco+e acade+ic. )(is 'as o**osed %3 *etitioner.)(e +otion to dis+iss 'as granted.*on recei*t of a co*3 of t(e a%oveuoted order&t(e *etitioner +oved for t(e reconsideration t(ereof&%ut t(e sa+e 'as dis+issed.Petitioners a**ealed

ISSUE0S>O< t(e said co++ittee of teac(ers does falls 'it(int(e categor3 of t(e tri%unal& %oard& or officer

e7ercising udicial functions conte+*lated %3 Rule 95

HELD?1. 49

NATUREAction to recover *iece of *ro*ert3

FACTS )(e land %elongs to t(e *laintiff& in '(ose na+e t(etitle 'as registered %efore t(e 'ar. During t(ea*anese occu*ation& t(e land 'as acuired %3 aa*anese cor*oration& )ai'an )eos(o& for t(e su+of P140&000& and t(ereu*on title t(ereto issued in itsna+e. After li%eration& t(e Alien Pro*ert3 Custodian

of t(e nited States of A+erica too *ossession&control& and custod3 t(ereof under section 12 of t(e)rading 'it( t(e #ne+3 Act& for t(e reason t(at it%elonged to an ene+3 national. During t(e 3ear1/49 t(e *ro*ert3 'as occu*ied %3 t(e Co*ra #7*ort!anage+ent Co+*an3 under a custodians(i*agree+ent 'it( nited States Alien Pro*ert3Custodian& and '(en it vacated t(e *ro*ert3 it 'asoccu*ied %3 t(e defendant (erein. )(e defendant'as aut(oriBed to re*air t(e 'are(ouse on t(e land&and actuall3 s*ent t(ereon t(e re*airs t(e su+ ofP29&?/?.2:. Plaintiff %roug(t an action in court to annul t(e saleof *ro*ert3 of )ai'an )eos(o& and recover its*ossession. )(e case did not co+e for trial %ecause

t(e *arties *resented a oint *etition in '(ic( it isclai+ed %3 *laintiff t(at t(e sale in favor of t(e

92


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AvenaAvena)ai'an )eos(o 'as null and void %ecause it 'ase7ecuted under t(reats& duress& and inti+idation&and it 'as agreed t(at t(e title issued in t(e na+e oft(e )ai'an )eos(o %e cancelled and t(e originaltitle of *laintiff reissued.

)(e *resent action is to recover t(e reasona%lerentals fro+ August& 1/49& t(e date '(en t(edefendant %egan to occu*3 t(e *re+ises& to t(e dateit vacated it.

ISSUE0S1. >O< defendant is lia%le for rent of t(e said *eriod

HELD1. (erefore& t(e *art of t(e udg+enta**ealed fro+& '(ic( sentences defendanta**ellantto *a3 rentals fro+ August& 1/49& to -e%ruar3 2?&1/4/& is (ere%3 reversed. In all ot(er res*ects t(eudg+ent is affir+ed. Costs of t(is a**eal s(all %eagainst t(e *laintiffa**ellee.

MA-AO SU/AR CENTRAL CO V BARRIOS2> PHIL 555

FERIA= Dece7e" 1, 3>:2

NATUREPetition for certiorari to set aside t(e order of t(eres*ondent udge den3ing t(e +otion to dis+iss t(eco+*laint of res*ondents

FACTS res*ondents filed a co+*laint seeing to recovera+ounts of +one3 due to t(e+ fro+ t(e *etitioner%efore t(e out%rea of t(e 'ar. t(e ground of t(e +otion to dis+iss filed %3 t(e*etitioners is t(at t(e co+*laint of t(e res*ondentsdoes not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause ofaction& %ecause t(e *laintiffs (ave no rig(t tode+and t(e *a3+ent of t(e defendants de%ts untilafter t(e ter+ination or legal cessation of t(e+oratoriu+ *rovided in #O O< co+*lain of t(e res*ondents states factssufficient to constitute a cause of action

HELD1.


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AvenaAvenaof its urisdiction or 'it( grave a%use of discretion.SoX dis*osition@Disposition Petition is denied.

DANFOSS V. CONTINENTAL CEMENT

CORPORATION/.R. NO. 3:12;;

CORONA= SEPT. > 94

NATURE)(is i s a *etition for revie' on certiorari under Rule45 of t(e 1//: Rules on Civil Procedure of t(edecision of t(e Court of A**eals and its resolutionden3ing *etitioners +otion for reconsideration.

FACTS On ;1

NATUREPetition for certiorari and *ro(i%ition seeing to annuland set aside t(e order of t(e Securities and#7c(ange Co++ission S#C6

FACTS Carolina ;ofilea is a stoc(older of Pioneer =lass!anufacturing Cor*oration& a do+estic cor*orationengaged in t(e o*eration of silica +ines and t(e+anufacture of glass and glass'are. Since 1/9:&Pioneer =lass (ad o%tained various loanacco++odations fro+ t(e Develo*+ent 8an of t(eP(ili**ines D8PW& and also fro+ ot(er local andforeign sources '(ic( D8P guaranteed. )(e *roceeds

9>


30/116


AvenaAvena'ere used in t(e construction of a glass *lant inRosario& Cavite& and t(e o*eration of seven silica+ining clai+s o'ned %3 t(e cor*oration. As securit3& Pioneer =lass +ortgaged andEorassigned its assets to t(e D8P in addition to t(e

+ortgages e7ecuted %3 so+e of its cor*orate officersover t(eir *ersonal assets. )(roug( t(e conversioninto euit3 of t(e accu+ulated un*aid interests ont(e various loans D8P 'as a%le to gain control of t(eoutstanding s(ares of co++on stocs of Pioneer=lass& and to get t(ree regular seats in t(ecor*orations %oard of directors. >(en Pioneer =lass suffered serious liuidit3*ro%le+s suc( t(at it could no longer +eet itsfinancial o%ligations 'it( D8P& it entered into adacion en *ago agree+ent 'it( t(e latter& '(ere%3all its assets +ortgaged to D8P 'ere ceded to t(elatter in full satisfaction of t(e cor*orationso%ligations in t(e total a+ount of P5/ +illion. Part oft(e assets transferred to t(e D8P 'as t(e glass *lant

in Rosario& Cavite& '(ic( D8P leased andsu%seuentl3 sold to nion =lass and ContainerCor*oration. ;ofilea filed a co+*laint %efore t(e S#C againstt(e D8P& nion =lass and Pioneer =lass. ;ofilea*ra3ed t(at t(e dacion en *ago %e declared null andvoid and t(e assets of t(e Pioneer =lass taen over%3 D8P *articularl3 t(e glass *lant %e returned. Of t(e five causes of action *leaded& onl3 t(e firstcause of action concerned nion =lass as transfereeand *ossessor of t(e glass *lant. nion =lass +ovedfor dis+issal of t(e case on t(e ground t(at t(e S#C(ad no urisdiction over t(e su%ect +atter or natureof t(e suit. Res*ondent ;ofilea filed (er o**ositionto said +otion& to '(ic( nion =lass filed a reoinder.

S#C ;earing Officer #ugenio Re3es granted t(e!)D for lac of urisdiction. ;o'ever& u*on a !-R& (ereversed (is original order. na%le to secure areconsideration of t(e Order as 'ell as to (ave t(esa+e revie'ed %3 t(e Co++ission #n 8anc& nion=lass filed t(is *etition in t(e SC.

ISSUE1. >O< t(e S#C (as urisdiction over t(e case andnot t(e regular courts

HELD1. (ile t(e Rules of Court& '(ic( a**liessu**letoril3 to *roceedings %efore t(e S#C& allo'st(e oinder of causes of action in one co+*laint& suc(*rocedure (o'ever is su%ect to t(e rules regardingurisdiction& venue and oinder of *arties. Since nion=lass (as no intracor*orate relations(i* 'it(;ofilea& it cannot %e oined as *art3defendant insaid case as to do so 'ould violate t(e rule onurisdiction. ;ofileas co+*laint against nion =lassfor cancellation of t(e sale of t(e glass *lant s(ouldt(erefore %e %roug(t se*aratel3 %efore t(e regularcourt. Suc( action& if instituted& s(all %e sus*ended to

a'ait t(e final outco+e of t(e S#C case& for t(e issueof t(e validit3 of t(e dacion en *ago *osed in t(e S#Ccase is a *reudicial uestion& t(e resolution of '(ic(is a logical antecedent of t(e issue involved in t(eaction against nion =lass. )(us& ;ofileasco+*laint against t(e latter can onl3 *ros*er if finaludg+ent is rendered in S#C Case


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AvenaAvenaRatio A defect in t(e designation of t(e *arties +a3%e su++aril3 corrected at an! stage of the action*rovided no *reudice is caused t(ere%3 to t(eadverse *art3. Sec. 4& Rule 10& Revised Rules ofCourt6

Reasoning0)(e co+*laint in t(e court %elo' s(ould (ave %eenfiled in t(e na+e of t(e o'ner of uasing ;ard'are.)(e allegations in t(e %od3 of t(e co+. *laint 'oulds(o' t(at t(e suit is %roug(t %3 suc( *erson AS*ro*rietor or o'ner of t(e %usiness conducted undert(e na+e and st3le uasing ;ard'are,. )(edescri*tive 'ords ,doing %usiness as uasing;ard'are , +a3 %e added in t(e title of t(e case& asis custo+aril3 done. Rule of t(e Revised Rules of Court & Sec. 1. >(o+a3 %e *arties.Onl3 natural or uridical *ersons orentities aut(oriBed %3 la' +a3 %e *arties in a civilaction Petitioner is definitel3 not a natural *erson$ nor is it

a uridical *erson as defined in t(e O< t(e Da%ons can see annul+ent of t(e )Cudg+ent

HELD1. #S.Ratio

An action s(ould %e %roug(t against t(e real *art3 ininterest. )(e real *art3 in interest is t(e one '(o

'ould %e %enefited or inured %3 t(e udg+ent or ist(e one entitled to t(e avails of t(e suit.Reasoning (at is essential is t(at (e can*rove t(at t(e udg+ent 'as o%tained %3 fraud and(e 'ould %e adversel3 affected t(ere%3.ReasoningAlt(oug( t(e Da%ons are not *arties to t(e s*ecific*erfor+ance case& an3 finding of e7trinsic fraud'ould adversel3 affect t(eir o'ners(i* and could %e%asis of annul+ent of udg+ent. In t(is case&

=onBales ne' of t(e sale of lot %3 Aristotle !anio tot(e Da%ons 3et =onBales did not include t(e Da%onsin (er *etition. )(is is e7trinsic fraud.

Disposition Petition is denied.

DEAN JOSE JOYA, CARMEN /UERRERONAPIL, ARMIDA SI/UION REYNA, e%*. '. PC//, EEC. SEC. CATALINOMACARAI/, JR. PC// CHAIRMAN

MATEO A.T. CAPARAS112 +CR! 234

BELLOSILLO0 A+# 9:, 3>>1

NATURE@ S*ecial Civil Action for P"!i7ii!n and

13


32/116


AvenaAvenaM%n)%#'it( Pra3er for P"e*iin%"( Innci!n%n)0!" Re#"%inin+ O")e" see to enoin t(ePresidential Co++ission on =ood =overn+entPC==6 fro+ *roceeding 'it( t(e sc(eduled auctionsale %3 C(risties of O< t(e instant *etition co+*lies 'it( t(e legalreuisites for t(is Court to e7ercise its *o'er ofudicial revie' over t(is case.

HELD@ (at t(e3 seeis t(e enoining of an official act %ecause it isconstitutionall3 infir+ed. !oreover& *etitioners clai+

19


33/116


AvenaAvenafor t(e continued eno3+ent and a**reciation %3 t(e*u%lic of t(e art'ors is at +ost a *rivilege and isunenforcea%le as a constitutional rig(t in t(is actionfor +anda+us.As regards )a7*a3ers Suit@ e find no difficult3 in ruling t(at t(e3 can&for t(e+selves& for ot(ers of t(eir generation and fort(e succeeding generations& file a class suit. )(eir*ersonalit3 to sue in %e(alf of t(e succeedinggenerations can onl3 %e %ased on t(e conce*t ofintergenerational res*onsi%ilit3 insofar as t(e rig(t toa %alanced and (ealt(ful ecolog3 is concerned. Suc(a rig(t& as (ereinafter e7*ounded& considers t(e,r(3t(+ and (ar+on3 of nature.,


34/116


AvenaAvena

INDS OF PARTIESC!p*#!"( !in)e" !& in)i#pen#%7*e

p%"ie#ARCELONA V. CA @FARNACIO

/.R. N!. 39>PAN/ANIBAN= Oc. 9, 3>>2

NATUREPetition for revie'

FACTSOlanda3& et al. *etitioners6 are coo'ners *roindiviso of a fis(*ond '(ic( t(e3 in(erited fro+ t(eirdeceased *arents.A contract of lease over t(e fis(*ond 'as e7ecuted

%et'een Ci*riano )andoc and Olanda3& et al.Private Res*ondent !oises -arnacio 'as a**ointedin turn %3 )andoc as caretaertenant of t(e sa+efis(*ond.After t(e ter+ination of t(e lease contract& t(elessee )andoc6 surrendered *ossession of t(eleased *re+ises to t(e lessors& Olanda3& et al.)(ree da3s t(ereafter& -arnacio instituted Civil Casefor ,*eaceful *ossession& +aintenance of securit3 oftenure *lus da+ages& 'it( +otion for t(e issuance ofan interlocutor3 order, against Olanda3& et al. & %eforeRes*ondent Regional )rial Court. )(e case 'asintended to +aintain *rivate res*ondent as tenant oft(e fis(*ond.R)C ruled in favor of -arnacio

IAC affir+ed 'it( slig(t +odificationSC sustained IACPetitioners filed 'it( CA a *etition for annul+ent oft(e aforesaid udg+ent. CA said to i+*lead R)CDissatisfied& *etitioners lodged t(is *etition forrevie'

ISSUES1. >O< a final udg+ent +a3 %e annulled on t(eground of lac of urisdiction over t(e su%ect +atterandEor over t(e *erson of indis*ensa%le *arties6 anddenial of due *rocess& aside fro+ e7trinsic fraudQ2. >O< all t(e coo'ners *roindiviso of a real*ro*ert3 indis*ensa%le *artiesQ

HELD3. YES.

Ratio. nder t(e *resent *rocedure& aside fro+ t(ereliefs *rovided in t(ese t'o sections Secs. 1 N 2&Rule ?6& t(ere is no ot(er +eans '(ere%3 t(edefeated *art3 +a3 *rocure final and e7ecutor3udg+ent to %e set aside 'it( a vie' to t(e rene'al

of t(e litigation& unless a6 t(e udg+ent is void for'ant of urisdiction or for lac of due *rocess of la'&or %6 it (as %een o%tained %3 fraud. I !orans Rulesof Court 1/50 #d.& *. 9/:& citing Anuran v. Auino& ?P(il. 2/$ 8anco #s*aol-ili*ino v. Palanca& : P(il./216. Reason of *u%lic *olic3 '(ic( favors t(esta%ilit3 of udicial decisions are sic6 +ute in t(e*resence of fraud '(ic( t(e la' a%(ors=arc(itorena vs. Sotelo& :4 P(il. 256.Reasoningurisdiction is conferred %3 la'. Itse7ercise +ust strictl3 co+*l3 'it( t(e legalreuisites$ ot(er'ise& a c(allenge on t(e ground oflac of urisdiction +a3 %e %roug(t u* an3ti+e. Suc(urisdiction nor+all3 refers to urisdiction over t(esu%ect.

9. YES.Ratio Coo'ners in an action for t(e securit3 oftenure of a tenant are enco+*assed 'it(in t(edefinition of indis*ensa%le *arties$ t(us& all of t(e++ust %e i+*leaded.ReasoningAs (eld %3 t(e Su*re+e Court& 'ere t(ecourts to *er+it an action in eect+ent to %e+aintained %3 a *erson (aving +erel3 an undividedinterest in an3 given tract of land& a udg+ent infavor of t(e defendants 'ould not %e conclusive asagainst t(e ot(er coo'ners not *arties to t(e suit&and t(us t(e defendant in *ossession of t(e *ro*ert3+ig(t %e (arassed %3 as +an3 succeeding actions ofeect+ent& as t(ere +ig(t %e coo'ners of t(e title

asserted against (i+. )(e *ur*ose of t(is *rovision'as to *revent +ulti*licit3 of suits %3 reuiring t(e*erson asserting a rig(t against t(e defendant toinclude 'it( (i+& eit(er as co*laintiffs or as codefendants& all *ersons standing in t(e sa+e*osition& so t(at t(e '(ole +atter in dis*ute +a3 %edeter+ined once and for a

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99070837 Civil Procedure Digest Pre Midterms