IndexAdenauer, Konrad, 62alienation, 59, 723allegiance, 39, 43, 48, 50alpeggio system of summer grazing inLombardy, 647Americas, the, 2213regional institutions, 221, 222Amsterdam, 1801anthropology, 1718anti-Americanism, 15, 36, 222, 225,anti-globalization, 83, 106anti-Islamism, 36Arendt, Hannah, 225Asia, 21921associations in Europe, 23, 1468, 149non-profit organizations, 148professional, scientific and tradegroups, 146, 148,sports/hobby organizations, 148authenticity, 216Bakunin, Mikhail, 117Bennett, James, 222Blair, Tony, 53, 748Britainand Islam, 76multiculturalism, 75, 76, 77pluralism, 75, 76political parties, 152British National Party, 72Brubaker and Cooper, 81Budge, Ian, 151Byrnes, Timothy, 96Calhoun, Craig, 90Canada, 222, 223capitalism, 62Case, Holly, 22, 11131, 185Castiglione, Dario, 12, 1920, 2944,118, 125Catholicism, 14, 15, 53, 624, 215central banks, 60, 61Chamberlain, Neville, 113Charlemagne, 206,Checkel, Jeffrey T., 118, 21327China, 219Christian Democratic doctrine, 14,15, 215Christian Democratic Party(Germany), 151Christianity, 113Churchill, Winston, 124Cicero, 51citizens, role of, 86, 92, 106citizenship, 17, 34, 46, 95ethical, 44, 53, 6770liberal and communitarian modelsof, 118national, 174civil society, 23, 1458, 197, 211civilization, 199, 200civilizational identity, 25, 218, 220, 221Cold War, 127commoncurrency, 53, 602, 104, 210, 217communication, 103, 155communism, 118communitarianism, 44, 118, 125community, 4851,political, 304, 48, 49of practice, 647republican conception of, 51of strangers, 2944conflict, 468, 63, 66, 174conscription, 50consensus, 438, 81Conservative Party (Britain), 152, 154constitution of the EU, 47, 94, 100constitutional crisis, 81, 839, 106,debates about, 11, 33, 40design of, 100, 105259 Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationconstitutional patriotism, 20, 30, 44, 45and European political identity, 3843constructivism, 8, 91consumerism, 128, 195, 204Coudenhove-Kalergi, Richard, 121,122, 200culture, 54, 67, 195, 208diversity of in Europe, 201and European identity, 92de Gaspari, Alcide, 62de Gaulle, Charles, 125Delors, Jacques, 61democracy, 44, 91, 106, 196and European identity, 42, 95participation in, 47, 87, 106role of conflict in, 468depoliticization, 24, 107, 1947, 217Derrida, Jacques, 42, 11213, 116, 126,129, 131Deutsch, Karl W., 6, 7, 1356, 155interaction and identity, 142Dragojevic, Srdan, 129Eastern and Central Europe, 37, 117,127, 158, 169, 213European identity, 113, 114, 218and the European Union, 115,126, 130migrations from, 171, 172, 179,1825Eder, Klaus, 89Eisenstadt, Shmuel, 218elites, 16, 81, 94, 105,architectural design of the EU, 100commitment to the European Union,1, 82, 89, 210monopolization of debate on theEU, 86political identity project, 97, 131, 157emigration, 129; see also immigration,migrationEngels, Friedrich, 11617Enlargement of the EU, 2, 88, 196,214, 217and Central and Eastern Europe, 37,64, 188Enlightenment, 1, 95, 113, 139, 194Esterhzy, Peter, 11213, 116, 120, 126Eurobarometer polls, 10, 15961Eurofederalists, 34, 35Europe, 3civilizing mission, 200colonial past, 208Core Europe, 112, 115, 116, 124,126, 131cultural and religious origins of,35, 95cultural view of, 16772, 179debate about, 194distinctiveness of, 3diversity in, 9, 46, 63, 82, 84,2013, 211history, 535, 207identification with, 193206lifestyles, 2035, 211migrations, 168, 17285as a multilevel polity, 79and nation-states, 9nationalism, 1206New Europe, 121, 123, 21418Old Europe, 112revolutions, 11620role of intellectuals, 202scholarship on, 3, 194and the USA, 36, 226violence and war in, 208European Central Bank, 60, 61, 197,211, 217European Commission, 197European Council, 197EuropeanCourt inLuxembourg, 197, 211European Court of Auditors, 197, 211European Court of Justice, 197European identity, 9, 1925, 31, 63,193206, 21327anti-democratic identifications, 201aspects of, 140collective, 215complexity of, 156conditions for, 137cosmopolitan project of, 1112, 13,125, 179cultural and economic, 94, 106datasets about, 13945, 218determinants of, 164divisions over, 89Eastern and Western, 11131ethnographic approach to, 79evolution of, 2236260 Index Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationexperimental, 528future of, 156, 158history of, 1269, 1989, 210importance of, 2267and integration, 749, 88interests and, 138, 145liberal, 198201migration and, 234multiple projects of, 78, 79multiplicity of, 25, 199, 208, 213,216, 224multiracial and multicultural, 78and national identity, 111national-populist project of, 11, 12, 13,and nationalist groups, 723negative elements of, 36, 37and the New Europe, 21418normative theory ofand the other, 207, 224people viewing themselves asEuropean, 139, 140, 141, 162,176, 205political identity, 348, 81104politicizationof, 119, 81, 211, 212, 223and politics, 13266, 216positive-sum nature of, 9, 31as a process, 3, 224, 157, 213, 217as a project, 1921, 934, 213, 214scholarship on, 911, 217, 226, 227situational, 133, 140, 158sources of, 133, 136, 224theories of, 411, 1349and Turkish identity, 71types of, 24, 201, 202, 2035,20810, 211weak levels of, 88, 2058,welfare states and, 207European Monetary Union, 104European Parliament, 64, 197, 211European Peoples Party, 64European Union, 43, 196acquisition of a second language in,1424, 158, 1645architectural design of, 32, 33,1005, 107benefits of, 181, 216characteristics of, 947, 98, 203Charter of Fundamental Rights, 95, 205civil society, 1458, 211community of shared values, 95, 213competence, 96, 101, 195; see alsosovereigntyconstitution: see constitution of the EUcultural policy, 195debate about, 194decision-making mechanisms, 47democratic deficit, 95, 132, 149de-politicization, 24, 107, 1947directives and regulations, 65dual service economy of, 170, 184, 188economic and cultural conceptions of,96, 97enlargement: see Enlargement of the EUenvironmental policy, 209federal vision of, 35, 102foreign and security policy, 40, 103,209, 212, 213freedom of movement, 60, 171,177, 209goals and principles of, 86, 155history of, 535, 1947immigration policies, 176, 1879, 195institutions: see institutions of the EUlegitimacy of, 83, 96, 130, 223migration in, 170, 172, 182, 196, 217opposition to, 59organizations and associations,1468, 149politicization of, 193206,political allegiance to, 32, 39, 48, 210political identity projects in,97100, 104political leadership, 106political movements in, 56and political parties, 153public support for, 100, 101, 150,163, 216scholarship on, 194security, 12, 176, 195skills and education, 158social equality, 97subsidiarity, 63, 64, 75, 96symbols of, 206, 209, 210technocratic nature of, 55, 59, 61transfer of sovereignty to, 82, 96, 100,101, 104travel within, 1445, 158, 165, 166, 204values, 95, 96Europeans, situational, 133Europub.com database, 92, 93, 97Index 261 Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationEuro-skeptics, 34, 35, 36, 37, 83Eurostars, 18, 71, 172, 17782, 217fascism, 54, 118, 122Favell, Adrian, 13, 18, 234, 71, 84,16781Firat, Bilge, 701First World War, 121Fischer, Joschka, 105Fligstein, Neil, 12, 23, 85, 13266, 176Fogarty, Michael P., 634force, availability of use of, 49, 50, 51Fortress Europe, 35, 46France, 83, 87, 94, 102, 126French Revolution, 117political parties, 153, 154supra-nationalism, 102Free Democratic Party (Germany), 152freedom of movement, 60, 16781, 209and European identity, 181, 183and migrations, 17782, 185, 186freedom of speech, 91French Revolution: see FranceGabel, Matthew J., 138, 150Gal, Susan, 57Gastarbeiter, 129, 170, 173Gaullist party (France), 153Genov, Georgi, 123Gerhards, Jrgen, 90,Germany, 102, 103integration into the EU, 52, 55political parties, 1512, 154and World War II, 127supra-nationalism, 102Girault, Ren, 204globalization, 82, 157, 170, 182, 196,213, 223anti-globalization movements,83, 106and the service economy, 176Grass, Gnther, 127Grasseni, Cristina, 647gratuit (free-giving) in Italy, 68Great Powers, 113Greece, 219Grimm, Dieter, 90Gross, Felix, 123,guest workers, 129, 170, 173Guigou, Elizabeth, 97Haas, Ernst B., 56, 149Habermas, Jrgen, 8, 20, 39, 44, 215constitutional patriotism, 30, 38, 44,45, 86Core Europe, 11213, 116, 126,129, 131European identity, 39, 403,public sphere, 89religion, 46Hnsch, Klaus, 99Havel, Vclav, 128Hegel, G. W. F., 501Hitler, Adolf, 122New European Order, 123, 130Holmes, Douglas, 12, 17, 201, 72,84, 175Holocaust, 127, 129, 169, 225Hopf, Ted, 8human rights, 95, 209,Hungary, 13, 57, 119, 120, 126, 128identity, 4, 21823, 2267; see alsoEuropean identity, nationalidentity, political identityin the Americas, 2213Catholic configuration of, 634civilizational, 25, 218, 220, 221collective, 12, 45, 54, 59, 134, 215, 219and common culture, 135components of, 137construction of, 25, 29, 214, 226encrypted, 723ethnic, 96formation of, 52, 60and interests, 138, 145, 146and the other, 8, 207, 224politics of, 77as a project, 69, 77, 81, 82regional, 31scholarship on, 226types of, 20, 52immigration, 45, 157, 16781, 217; seealso migration, emigrationanti-immigrant reactions, 175, 1834ethnic, 23, 167, 171, 1737, 188Eurostars, 18, 17782, 217Islamic dimension of, 174, 175integration policies for migrants, 12,175, 184politics of, 13, 174262 Index Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationpost-colonial and guest worker,170, 173sources of, 173institutionalism, 7institutions of the EU, 132, 197, 211, 217and European identity, 215, 217support for, 101, 209integralism, 20, 558, 62, 85pluralist character of, 58,integration, 2, 40, 106, 217beneficiaries of, 23, 149, 154, 157communication theory of, 6and Eastern and Central Europe, 130economic, 134, 138, 158, 177, 194and European identity, 789,85, 88functional, 5, 6, 38and migrations, 1859neo-functional theory of, 56, 38, 40political, 2, 34, 154, 185public support for, 87, 106regional, 5, 182, 185, 186, 188religion and, 1859resistance to, 82, 86scholarship on, 88theory of, 4, 57,intellectuals, role of, 202interactions among people in the EU,132, 157, 204, 209and European identity, 137, 138those involved in, 133, 136, 137,145, 217interest group politics, 23intergovernmentalism, 33, 47, 103, 107Iraq, 225Islam, 15, 76, 106, 174, 213Jachtenfuchs, Markus, 100Japan, 219, 2201Judt, Tony, 126Kaelble, Hartmut, 24, 125, 193206Katzenstein, Peter J., 118, 21327Kielmansegg, Peter Graf, 90Koopmans, Ruud, 92,Labour Party (Britain), 152, 154language acquisition (secondlanguages), 1424, 158, 1645Latin America, 2213Le Goff, Jacques, 206Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 53, 5560integralism, 21, 558, 62, 78, 84League of Nations, 54, 55, 129Libera, Bishop Piotr, 96liberalism, 78, 92, 118lifestyles, 2035, 211Lindberg, Leon N., 5London, 1789, 188terrorist attacks in, 74, 77,Masaryk, Tomas, 121Mazzini, Giuseppe, 117media, 103, 195, 210Medrano, Juan Dez, 21, 81104Mexico, 222migration, 234, 84, 129, 16781; seealso immigration, emigrationbottom up channels of, 173EastWest migrants, 167elite, 23, 167ethnic, 171, 1737, 188Eurostars, 172, 17782post-Enlargement, 182professional, skilled and educatedmigrants, 178sources of, 173structural demandfor migrants, 176, 188Miosz, Czesaw, 128modernization, 199, 201, 214Monnet, Jean, 55, 61, 200Morin, Edgar, 202Muehlebach, Andrea, 6770multi-level governance, 79, 47multiculturalism, 62, 84, 174, 224in Britain, 75, 76, 77nation-states, 48, 60, 75, 169, 194, 215and the European Union, 9, 32National Front (France), 153, 154national identity, 35, 41, 83, 133,1356, 155and European identity, 31, 111, 140,207, 216national politics, politicization of,1516National Socialism, 54, 122, 123,nationalism, 723, 83, 1206, 129, 217neo-functional theory of Europeanintegration, 56, 38, 40Index 263 Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationNetherlands, 83, 87, 94, 1801,Neumann, Iver, 8Niedhardt, Koopmans and Pfetsch, 92North America, 2213anti-Americanism in, 222civilizational identity, 222Nye, Joseph, 5Orban, Viktor, 120Pan-Americanism, 222patriotism, 50, 51Paxton, Robert, 128Perkovic, Marko, 73personal interactions among people inthe EU, 132, 157, 204, 209and European identity, 137, 138those involved in, 133, 136, 137,145, 217Pfaff, William, 84Pfetsch, Barbara, 92Pierson, Paul, 7pluralism, 58, 748,pluralism, ideological, 63Poland, 96, 97, 100, 101, 119Catholicism, 14, 96, 215political identity, 2944as allegiance, 31and civil society actors, 92conflict and consensus in, 438and constitutional patriotism, 3843debate about, 32, 34exclusionary identity, 39experimental identity, 528forms of, 31functional element in, 29meaning of, 81nation-like conceptions of, 348negative elements of, 45and political allegiance, 48and political community, 304politicization and de-politicizationof, 34post-national nature of, 41projects for, 81, 934, 97100,103, 104,and the public sphere, 81104republican conception of, 39, 82value-based, 45political leadership, 187political parties, 15, 16, 23, 83, 99, 150far-right parties, 84, 106, 211national, 133platforms of, 151political refugees, 170politicization, 118anthropological approach to, 17, 20of European identity, 119, 81, 211,212, 223of the European Union, 193206,historical approach to, 1819, 245multidisciplinary perspectives on, 1719of national politics, 1516of religion, 1415sociological approach to, 18, 23of who we are, 1114politicscitizens influence on, 86constitutional, 40distinction between Left and Right, 58elite politics and mass politics, 7, 16,and European identity, 13266,ideological drift, 57Pope John Paul II, 68, 95Preuss, Ulrich, 48public sphere, 17, 21, 81104, 112, 195and the architectural design of theEU, 103characteristics of European, 8993and civil society actors, 90claims made about the EU in, 94, 100Europeanization of, 83, 90,normative aspect of, 91political debates in, 92rationalism, 7rationality, 137refugees, 129religion, 46, 195, 215, 218Catholicism, 624Christian Democrats, 14and the European Union, 14, 624, 96politicization of, 1415Protestantism, 14role of, 46revolutions, 22, 11620, 169rights, 91, 95, 118, 209; see alsofreedom of movementRisse, Thomas, 89Rokkan, Stein, 202264 Index Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore informationromanticism, 1Rumsfeld, Donald, 112Russia, 114sacrifice, 50Scheingold, Stuart A., 5Schreder, Gerhard, 99Schuman, Robert, 62, 200Second World War, 123,self-determination, right of, 53, 54, 123Singapore, 220skinheads, 72,Skowronek, Stephen, 54Social DemocraticParty(Germany), 1512social class, 137, 141, 143, 145, 148,150, 155social equality, 97, 99social inclusion, 92social justice, 64socialism, 119Socialist Party (France), 153solidarity, 42, 49, 61, 76, 78, 106, 205South America, 2213sovereignty, 21, 32, 34, 35, 37civic/republican conception of, 21transfer tothe EU, 82, 96, 100, 101, 104statehood, open, 51subsidiarity, 63, 64, 75, 96supranationalism, 81, 1005, 1206political agenda of, 20, 55, 78, 103experiences of, 22,andintergovernmentalism, 33, 103, 107and European identity, 36and integration, 60, 62symbolsnational, 206of Europe, 205, 206, 209, 210territoriality, 32,Therborn, Gran, 202trade unions, 97, 99, 101, 105traditional social practices and EUregulation, 647travel within Europe, 1445, 158, 165,166, 204Trichet, Jean-Claude, 61, 62trust, 209Turkey, 701, 88Underhill, Frank, 223USAanti-Americanism, 15, 36,222, 225,border control, 187and Europe, 36foreign policy, 40immigration, 1867,migration in, 168nativism in, 187political salience of, 221,religion in, 46structural demand formigrants, 177terrorist attacks in, 225Valry, Paul 121values, 44, 74, 95, 195Asian values, 220British, 74, 75Catholic, 68, 70Christian, 95and a community of shared, 213and a community of strangers, 95cultural, 67democratic, 95, 96European, 42, 446, 95,96, 211and European identity, 2035and political identity, 446,Vanhoonacker, Sophie, 84Versailles Treaty, 53, 54, 55voluntary service, 68,war against terror, 174, 209Weber, 4950welfare states, 15, 68, 170, 176Westbrook, David, 60, 61Wheeler-Bennet, John, 124Winter, Jay, 219Wolf, Christa, 131Wood, Nicholas, 73World Wars, 169, 208First, 121resistance movements, 126Second, 123, 127,Yugoslavia, 126Index 265 Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.orgCambridgeUniversityPress978-0-521-88301-6-EuropeanIdentityEditedbyJeffreyT.CheckelandPeterJ.KatzensteinIndexMore information