03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)

97/01015 Advanced pressurized circulating fluidized bed system: beyond the demonstration stage Ahdulally. I. F. and Alkan, I., Proc. Inr. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comhu,sf., 1995, I3 (I), 625~h36. This paper describes the preceding experience and consideration given in each stage toward the imminent commercialization of the advanced pressurized circulating fluidized bed system.

97101016 Air blown gasification cycle Dawes, S. C. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comh~t.sf.. 19%. 13, (2), 1275-1282. Discusses the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABCC)-a hybrid partial gasification cycle based on a novel. air hlown pressurized fluidized bed gasifier (PFBG) with a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) to burn the residual char horn the PFBG. The ABGC has been developed primarily as a clean coal generation system and embodies a sulfur capture mechanism hased on the addition of limestone, or other sorbent, to the PFBC where it is sulfided in the reducing atmosphere. followed by oxidation to a stable sulfate residue in the CFBC.

97/01017 The air blown gasification cycle Carctte. Y. rr ul. IMcchE Srmrn. 199f1, (3. Energy for the Zlst Century), I I I-IX). This artricle reviews the process, the current status of the component development activities. the expected performance of both prototype and commercial plants. and immediate plans for the future.

97/01018 Air-feed control for underground gasification of coal Zakorshmennyj. I. M. et al. U.S.S.R. SU 1, 760, 787 (Cl. E21843/295), 20 Feb 1996. Appl. 4. 862. 848, X Jun 1990. (In Russian) From Izohrefenja, IYYh. (5). 2x9.

97/01019 Analysis of HYCOL’s long run results using the data-base for coal gasification Kohayashi. M. er ol. Sek,fan K~gukrr /Gig/ Happyo Ronhunrhu. 1994. 31. 52-55 (In Japanese). Provides a discussion of long-run gasification results based on carbon conversion. coal/oxygen ratios. and cold efficiency.

97/01020 Apparatus for coal gasification with fluidized bed for slag deposit Ueda. A. er nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 134, 472 [96, 134, 4721 (Cl. CiOJ3/ 4h). 28 May lY96. Appl. 941300. lY3. 10 NW lY94, IO pp (In Japanese). The apparatus described in this work includes a means for supplying a solid material (e.g. ashes) capable of melting together with slag in a gasification section. to a heat-transfer surface in a heat recovery section from the outlet of the gasification section to remove slag deposits.

97lOlO21 Apparatus for coal gasification with moving bed for desulfurization Tauchama, Y. cf nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX. 134. 473 [Yn, 134, 4731 (Cl. CIOJ3/46), 28 May 1996. Appl. Y41273.497.8 Nov 1994,8 pp (In Japanese). This article describes an apparatus which includes a moving bed supplied with coal together with desulfurization agent and oxidizing gas for gasification and desulfurization; a means for monitoring continuously the concentration of alkali compounds. in the product gases: and a means for supplying sorbent (e.g. ashes containing alumina and silica) into a contacting section for adsorbing alkali compounds in the product gases in a controlled manner hased on the signals received by the monitoring apparatus.

97101022 Apparatus for gasification of liquefied natural gas with fractioning means Hisakado, Y. ef ul. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 269, 468 (96, 269, 4h8] (Cl. ClOL3106). IS Ott 1996, Appl. 95173, X26, 30 Mar 1995, II pp (In Japanese). Details an apparatus which includes an evaporator for liquefied natural gas (LNG); a gas-liquid separator; a heater for heating the separated gas; a pressure control means arranged downstream the separator; and a gasifier for the gasification of LNG mixed with the separated liquid as a caloric- adjusting agent.

97101023 Apparatus for pressure gasification of solid fuels Kowoll. J. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 716. 13X (Cl. ClOJ3/86). I2 Jun 1996, Appl. 941 117. 069. 28 Ott 1994, 6 pp. (In German) An apparatus is described which consists of a gasification reactor, a quenching apparatus for crude gas exiting the reactor, and heat exchangers. The quenching apparatus contains a mixing tube for the mixing of crude gas with a quenching gas. The mixing tube is concentrically surrounded by the gas-cooling heat exchanger which contains a feeding device for a driving gas. A partial stream of the crude gas-quenching gas mixture is recycled, fed through the feeding device into the heat exchanger, cooled, and introduced into the mixing tube as the quenching gas. The optimum gas rate in the mixing tube is h-10 m/s.

97101024 Apparatus for pyrolytic gasification of solid fuels Tomita, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 291. 290 [96, 291, 2901 (Cl. CIOBS3/02), 5 Nov 1996, Appl. 951130. 971, 21 Apr 1995, 3 pp (In Japanese). Discloses details of an apparatus which comprises d means for feeding solid fuels (especially, coal, wood chips or papers) and gasifying agents (Oz or 02-enriched air) into a moving-bed gasifier with vertical rotary grids, a means for driving the rotary grids in the center of a adiabatic cylindrical furnace, a means for holding radiant heat-exchange tubes surrounding the furnace wall, and a means for discharging the molten slags from the furnace hottom.

97101025 Apparatus with injection nozzle for coal gasifica- tion Yokohama, K. PI al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX, 26Y, 4h6 [Yo, 269. 4661 (Cl. ClOJ3/46), IS Ott 1996, Appl. 05171. 332. 2Y Mar 1995, 4 pp (In Japanese). Describes an apparatus utilizing downward-pointing nozzles (O-25”) for the injection of a mixture of fuel and gasifying agent.

97101026 Basic design model of entrained-bed coal gasifica- tion system in IGCC power plant Kim. H. T. EI crl.. Proc. Infer-.soc. I:rzet;p. Cm~~vx. Etrg. (‘on/‘., I YYh. 3 1, 2051-2055. This article proposes the basic design model of an entrained-bed coal gasification system. The present design model is composed of three major design modules for coal/oxidizer burner nozzle, gasifier with refractory. preheater, slag discharge hopper and product gas quenching system. Using the present design model, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influences of gasification system design variables on the performance parameters of key components.

97101027 Basic studies on slagging phenomena in the coal gasifier Kurimura, M. r/ al. Proc. Annu. In,. Pimhuqh Cm/ (‘onf., IYYS. 12. X93- 898 Made use of information concerning the relationship between operating condition of the gasifier and coal slagging properties to obtain the knowledge concerning moderate operating conditions in a 2 tonnes/day bench-scale PDU (Process Development Unit) gasifier. SEM photos taken of slagging led to the finding that slagging occurs when ash particles stuck on the wall are melted and sintered. Slagging most easily occurs when the internal gas temperature is in the range of the coal ash fusion temperature The slag growth rate increases with an increasing amount of pass-through ash in the reducing zone of the gasifier (located above the combustion zone). Changes in the design of the gasifier to decrease the amount of pass- through ash in the reducing zone (per cross-sectional area) should decrease the degree of slagging in the upper portion of the gasifier and thus increase long-term gasifier performance.

97101028 Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with steam: life and usefulness Delgado, J. er ul. Ind. Eng. Chent. Rey., 1996, 3i, (IO). 3fi37-3643. Variations of the activities of calcined dolomites, limestones and magnesites (used for cleaning raw hot gas from biomass gasifiers with steam) with time-onstream were studied. The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures, space times, particle diameters. and types of solid. A comparison is made between the effectiveness of these calcined minerals and that of an inert material (silica sand) and a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).

97101029 Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for cleanin

I! hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with

steam: rfe and usefulness Delgado, J. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Rrs.. IYYo, 3.5. ( IO), 3n37-3643. Under some circumstances, simultaneous coke formation and coke elimination hy steam gasification increased the life of calcined dolomites. limestones and magnesites (naturally occurring catalysts used, in this study. in cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed hiomass gasifter). The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures (800-880 ), space times (0.08- 0.32 kg dolomite/h-m’), particle diameters (l-4 mm), and types of solid. The effectiveness of these calcined minerals was compared with that of an inert material (silica sand) and with a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).

97/01030 Carbonate fuel-cell system with thermally inte- grated gasification Steinfeld. G. et al. U.S. US 5, 554, 453 (Cl. 429.17: HOlM8104). IO Sep 1996, Appl. 368, 430, 4 Jan 1995, 7 pp. Describes a system which comprises a fuel cell with an anode and a cathode compartment, a gasifier for generating fuel gas for the fuel cell and a catalytic burner means. The catalytic burner means receives the exhaust gas from the anode compartment of the fuel cell and burns it and an oxidant gas to generate and directly transfer heat to gases generated by the gasifier. The gasifier is a catalytic coal or a biomass gasifier.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1997 85