9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

1/14

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Subsidiar Leve! and GCE Advanced Leve!

MAR" SC#EME $%r &'e Ma()une *+,, -ues&i%n .a.er

$%r &'e /uidance %$ &eac'ers

0102 #ISTORY

0102(3* Paper 3 (International History, 19451991),

maximum raw mark 100

Tis mark s!eme is pu"lise# as an ai# to tea!ers an# !an#i#ates, to in#i!ate te re$uirements o%te examination& It sows te "asis on wi! 'xaminers were instru!te# to awar# marks& It #oes notin#i!ate te #etails o% te #is!ussions tat took pla!e at an 'xaminers meetin "e%ore markin "ean,wi! woul# a*e !onsi#ere# te a!!epta"ility o% alternati*e answers&

+ark s!emes must "e rea# in !onun!tion wit te $uestion papers an# te report on teexamination&

-am"ri#e will not enter into #is!ussions or !orrespon#en!e in !onne!tion wit tese mark s!emes&

-am"ri#e is pu"lisin te mark s!emes %or te +ay./une 011 $uestion papers %or most I-2',-' #*an!e# e*el an# #*an!e# 2u"si#iary e*el sylla"uses an# some r#inary e*elsylla"uses&

www.XtremePapers.net
http://www.xtremepapers.net/http://www.xtremepapers.net/

7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

2/14

4a/e * Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er

GCE AS LEVEL 9 Ma()une *+,, 0102 3*

GENERIC MAR" BANDS FOR ESSAY :UESTIONS

'xaminers will assess wi! e*el o% 6esponse "est re%le!ts most o% te answer& n answer will not "ere$uire# to #emonstrate all o% te #es!riptions in a parti!ular e*el to $uali%y %or a +ark 7an#&

Band Mar5s Leve!s %$ Res.%nse1 15 Te approa! will "e !onsistently analyti!al or explanatory rater tan

#es!ripti*e or narrati*e& 'ssays will "e %ully rele*ant& Te arument will "e

stru!ture# !oerently an# supporte# "y *ery appropriate %a!tual material an#i#eas& Te writin will "e a!!urate& t te lower en# o% te "an#, tere may"e some weaker se!tions "ut te o*erall $uality will sow tat te !an#i#ate

180 'ssays will "e %o!use# !learly on te #eman#s o% te $uestion "ut tere will"e some une*enness& Te approa! will "e mostly analyti!al or explanatoryrater tan #es!ripti*e or narrati*e& Te answer will "e mostly rele*ant&

+ost o% te arument will "e stru!ture# !oerently an# supporte# "y larelya!!urate %a!tual material& Te impression will "e tat a oo# soli# answer

3 11: 'ssays will re%le!t a !lear un#erstan#in o% te $uestion an# a %air attempt topro*i#e an arument an# %a!tual knowle#e to answer it& Te approa! will!ontain analysis or explanation "ut tere may "e some ea*ily #es!ripti*e ornarrati*e passaes& Te answer will "e larely rele*ant& 'ssays will

a!ie*e a enuine arument "ut may la!k "alan!e an# #ept in %a!tualknowle#e& +ost o% te answer will "e stru!ture# satis%a!torily "ut some

4 1415 'ssays will in#i!ate attempts to arue rele*antly altou o%ten impli!itly&Te approa! will #epen# more on some ea*ily #es!ripti*e or narrati*e

passaes tan on analysis or explanation, wi! may "e limite# to

intro#u!tions an# !on!lusions& ;a!tual material, sometimes *ery %ull, will "euse# to impart in%ormation or #es!ri"e e*ents rater tan to a##ress #ire!tlyte re$uirements o% te $uestion& Te stru!ture o% te arument !oul# "e

5 1113 'ssays will o%%er some appropriate elements "ut tere will "e little attemptenerally to link %a!tual material to te re$uirements o% te $uestion& Te

approa! will la!k analysis an# te $uality o% te #es!ription or narrati*e,altou su%%i!iently a!!urate an# rele*ant to te topi! i% not te parti!ular$uestion, will not "e linke# e%%e!ti*ely to te arument& Te stru!ture will

810 'ssays will not "e properly %o!use# on te re$uirements o% te $uestion&Tere may "e many unsupporte# assertions an# !ommentaries tat la!ksu%%i!ient %a!tual support& Te arument may "e o% limite# rele*an!e to tetopi! an# tere may "e !on%usion a"out te impli!ations o% te $uestion&

: 0: 'ssays will "e !ara!terise# "y sini%i!ant irrele*an!e or aruments tat #onot "ein to make sini%i!ant points& Te answers may "e larely

%ramentary an# in!oerent& +arks at te "ottom o% tis 7an# will "e i*en*ery rarely "e!ause e*en te most waywar# an# %ramentary answers

< =ni*ersity o% -am"ri#e International 'xaminations 011


7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

3/14

4a/e 3 Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


SECTION A

, S%urce;based -ues&i%n7

7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

4/14

4a/e Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


5 7? I @T'6P6'TI@.'A=TI@ 2=6-'2 I@ -@T'GT, ;I@B2 'AIB'@-' T-H'@' AND 2=PP6T TH' H?PTH'2I2 C1:1D

Tese answers know tat testin te ypotesis in*ol*es attemptin "ot to !on%irm an##is!on%irm te ypotesis, an# are !apa"le o% usin sour!es as e*i#en!e to #o tis (i&e& "ot

!on%irmation an# #is!on%irmation are #one at tis le*el)&e&& "ot o% te statements sown as examples in e*el 4

2 5, P=2 EIT#ER (a) 'GPI@2 >H? 'AIB'@-' T -H'@'.2=PP6T I27'TT'6.P6';'66'B, OR (") 6'-@-I'2.'GPI@2 P67'+2 I@ TH' 'AIB'@-' T2H> THT @'ITH'6 -H'@' @6 2=PP6T I2 T 7' P6';'66'B C5D

;or (a) te arument must "e tat te e*i#en!e %or areein.#isareein is "etter.pre%erre#& Tismust in*ol*e a !omparati*e u#ement, i&e& not ust wy some e*i#en!e is "etter, "ut also wyoter e*i#en!e is worse&e&&-n balance, I disagree with the h!pothesis. Whilst Source ' clearl! makes the point that the

full support of member states is essential if the UN is to be effecti$e, it also makes hea$il! criticalpoints about the structure of the UN itself. i$en that these are the words of a $er! senior ande/perienced UN official, who might be e/pected to defend all aspects of the UN0s work, thesecriticisms are especiall! damning.

;or (") in!lu#e all 5 answers wi! use te e*i#en!e to 6%di$ te ypotesis (rater tansimply seekin to support.!ontra#i!t) in or#er to impro*e it&e&& "n alternati$e h!pothesis might be that the UN0s effecti$eness is seriousl! weakenedbecause it does not ha$e the power or the authorit! to enforce compliance from member states

Guidance %n s.eci$ic s%urces

(Y) supports te ypotesis(N) #oes not support te ypotesis

SOURCE A7

Descri.&i%n7

primary =@ 2our!e, 194

Leve! *(37

makes no mention o% =@ e%%e!ti*eness or weaknesses CNEUTRALD

Leve! (7 sour!es utility limite# "y #ate o% pu"li!ation (i&e& ust a%ter esta"lisment o% =@ !ant

!omment on its e%%e!ti*eness) NEUTRAL

tat su! a spee! was #eeme# ne!essary woul# imply tat, rit at te "einnin, terewere serious !on!erns tat =@ #eleates woul# put teir own national sel%Einterests a"o*etose o% te =@ CYD

-rossEre%eren!inJ

wit 2our!e - mem"er states puttin teir own interests %irst CYD

wit 2our!e ' last senten!e (Ko*ernments o!keyin %or position) CYD

wit 2our!e B mem"er states nee#in to o%%er %ull support CYD

!ontrast wit oter sour!es



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

5/14



C%n&e&ua! "n%>!ed/e7

!on!erns rear#in te %ailure o% te eaue o% @ations an# te #esire not to repeat te samemistakes

=@ "orn into a #i*i#e# worl#

SOURCE B7

Descri.&i%n7

1985 tus as perspe!ti*e o% =@ work trou most o% -ol# >ar perio#

nature o% te ournal %rom wi! te arti!le is taken woul# in#i!ate tat te %o!us is likely to "eon te leal.stru!tural aspe!ts o% =@

Leve! *(37

stru!tural weaknesses make =@ ine%%e!ti*e CND

2e!urity -oun!il weakene# "y *eto CND

eneral ssem"ly weakene# "y *otin system CND

ina#e$uate %inan!ial resour!es CND

Leve! (7

e*en wit te politi!al will o% mem"er states, te =@ woul# still %ail "e!ause o% its ownstru!tural weaknesses (as wit eaue o% @ations) CND

%or te =@ to a*e reater autority o*er mem"er states, in!lu#in te power to raise %inan!estrou taxation, it woul# nee# to "e a *ery #i%%erent kin# o% institution (almost a %e#eralo*ernment in its own rit)

-rossEre%eren!inJ

wit B an# ' to sow stru!tural an# lea#ersip weaknesses CND

!ontrast wit - wi! sows la!k o% support %rom mem"er states CYD


ea*y use o% *eto "y superpowers %or sel% interest (e&& =2 o*er Israel, =226 o*er Hunary,Forea et!&)

ina#e$uate %un#in e&& =@ relyin on #onations %or its work wit re%uees

SOURCE C7

Descri.&i%n7

1991 at en# o% -ol# >ar seen as an i#eal opportunity %or te =@ to "e!ome moree%%e!ti*e

meri!an writers yet seems to "e !riti!al o% =2s la!k o% support %or =@

title woul# in#i!ate tat te autors "elie*e tat a stron =@ is essential %or te "ene%it o%mankin#

Leve! *(37

=2 an# =226 %ailin to %ul%il responsi"ilities to =@ CYD

=2 only supportin =@ missions wi! were in =2 interests CYD



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

6/14



Leve! (7

early entusiasm %or =@ $ui!kly ero#e# #ue to sel% interest o% mem"er states CYD

emoti*e !ontent e&& K!arnae o% >>II, Kentusiasm ran i, Ksix weeks "e%ore Hirosimaan# @aasaki, Kunwillin to onour our o"liations, K#isra!e%ully "roken !ontra!tualareements, Kumanitys %uture CYD

split in =2 politi!s Presi#ents wantin to onour o"liations, -onress re%usin

writers !learly "elie*e tat an e%%e!ti*e =@ is essential %or te %uture o% mankin# tus ea*ily!riti!al o% ow mem"er states sel%Einterest as re#u!e# =@s e%%e!ti*eness CYD

-rossEre%eren!inJ

wit to sow tat %ull support %rom mem"er states was essential

wit te last senten!es i% "ot B an# '

!ontrast wit 7, B an# ' wi! sow weaknesses witin te =@ itsel%


=2 #roppe# "om"s on /apan sortly a%ter areein to esta"lis =@

support %or =@ witin =2 as %allen #ramati!ally sin!e 1945

rowt o% pressure roups seekin reater %e#eralisation (!% 'uropean =nion)

SOURCE D7

Descri.&i%n7

199 perspe!ti*e o% =@s work trouout te perio#

*iews o% a *ery senior an# experien!e# =@ o%%i!ial mit "e expe!te# to #e%en# =@ aainstall !riti!ism

Leve! *(37

=@ as *ery limite# %inan!ial resour!es CND

=@ nee#s re%orm to a#ministration systems, lea#ersip, manaement an# !i*il ser*i!e CND =@ nee#s real support %rom mem"er states CYD

Leve! (7

sowin tat =@ is not an# was ne*er inten#e# to "e a %e#eral o*ernment, wit te autorityto raise taxes an# %or!e mem"er states into a!tion

sows ow =@ as #one its "est in #i%%i!ult !ir!umstan!es

=@s weaknesses are ine*ita"le i*en te man#ate "y wi! it was esta"lise#

sows tat te weaknesses inerent in =@ !an only "e o*er!ome wit te %ull support o%mem"er states CYD

te most "alan!e# sour!e !ontains aruments %or an# aainst te ypotesis

-rossEre%eren!inJ wit an# - to sow tat te support o% mem"er states is !ru!ial CYD

wit 7 an# ' to sow te stru!tural weaknesses o% =@


"y 199, te =@s role was %ar reater tan tat oriinally en*isae# e&& ue #eman# %orumanitarian a!tions, pea!ekeepin missions, ealt issues et!&



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

7/14



SOURCE E7

Descri.&i%n7

00 perspe!ti*e o% =@s work trouout te perio#

7ritis oriin

Leve! *(37

sows weaknesses in =@ stru!ture CND

sows mem"er states a!tin on teir own sel% interests CYD

Leve! (7

eneral ssem"ly *otin system un%air CND

illoi!al #e!ision makin CND

2e!urity -oun!il not %ully representati*e CND

2e!urity -oun!il ini"ite# "y sel%Einterest o% mem"ers CYD

=@ #oes not pro*i#e a satis%a!tory system o% international law CND tis was ne*er teintention wen te =@ was esta"lise#, %or it to "e!ome so woul# re$uire a %un#amental!ane in its man#ate

-rossEre%eren!inJ

wit 7 an# B to sow stru!tural weaknesses o% =@

wit , - an# B to sow te importan!e o% %ull support %rom mem"er states


wit in!reasin pro"lems in te worl# (e&& wars, %amine, epi#emi!s, lo"al warmin et!&),many people "elie*e tat te =@ nee#s to "e strentene# an# a#apte#



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

8/14



Sec&i%n B

* =T'e Tru6an D%c&rine >as a s6.&%6 n%& a cause %$ &'e C%!d $ar d% %u a/ree@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% te !auses an# early

#e*elopment o% te -ol# >ar, an# to #eploy tis in or#er to rea! a reasone# !on!lusionrear#in te *ali#ity o% te ypotesis&To support te ypotesis, !an#i#ates woul# nee# to #emonstrate tat te -ol# >ar a#e%%e!ti*ely alrea#y starte# "e%ore te Truman Bo!trine was announ!e# in 194: e&&

lonEterm pro"lems "etween !apitalism an# !ommunism (temporarily #isuise# #urin >>II)

2o*iet %ears o% yet anoter in*asion %rom >estern 'urope an# 2talins a!tions in 'astern'urope

=2 %ears o% !ommunism sprea#in an# o% repeatin te pro"lems asso!iate# witappeasement

power *a!uum in 'urope an# espe!ially te issue o% wat soul# "e #one wit ermany

te =2s nee# to se!ure markets in 'urope %ear o% #ri%tin "a!k into #epression

=2s possession an# use o% atom "om" an# #elays in openin te 2e!on# ;ront

misun#erstan#ins "etween =2 an# =226 rear#in teir true intentions (i&e& te PostE6e*isionist *iewpoint)

rowt o% antaonism "etween ?alta (;e" 1945) an# Pots#am (/uly 1945) Truman repla!in6oose*elt

-ur!ills Kiron !urtain spee! an# te on Teleram To !allenete ypotesis, !an#i#ates woul# nee# to #emonstrate tat

Truman Bo!trine was te %irst openly antaonisti! a!tion o% te -ol# >ar

open #e!laration tat =2 inten#e# to !ontain !ommunism an# a# no intention o% returninto isolationism

le# to +arsall Plan

-omin%orm

Truman Bo!trine sini%i!antly !ane# relationsips "etween superpowers, an# was a key%a!tor in su"se$uent pro"lems e&& 7erlin, @T et!&

-ara!teristi!ally, te "est responses willJ

"e %o!use# an# "alan!e#

analyse.e*aluate "ot te support an# !allene !ases

rea! a reasone# !on!lusion as to weter te ypotesis is to "e supporte# or not

3 =T'e /!%ba!isa&i%n %$ &'e C%!d een ,0+ and ,02 >as caused b &'e USA8s6is/uided and irra&i%na! $ear %$ S%vie& in&en&i%ns?8 #%> $ar d% %u a/ree@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% te lo"alisation o% te-ol# >ar, an# to #eploy tis in or#er to rea! a reasone# !on!lusion rear#in te *ali#ity o% teypotesis&-ontent in support o% te ypotesis !oul# in!lu#eJ

te nature an# purpose o% =2 !ontainment poli!y

@2-E8 rear#e# =226 as %anati!s wantin to sprea# !ommunism aroun# te worl#

%ears rear#in !ommunism in -ina a%ter 1949 =2 in!orre!tly saw =226 an# -ina asone -ommunist "lo!

=2 "e!ame in*ol*e# in a series o% reional !on%li!ts, wose !auses were more to #o witpostE!olonial nationalism tan !ommunist worl# #omination e&& Forea, Aietnam, -am"o#ia,aos, -ile, +oLam"i$ue, nola

%ailure o% rollE"a!k



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

9/14



-ontent to !allene te ypotesis !oul# in!lu#eJ

2talins expli!it notion o% !ommunist worl# #omination Frus!e* also "elie*e# in tis,altou %elt tat it woul# !ome naturally

@T an# >arsaw Pa!t

nu!lear arms ra!e

2o*iet in*ol*ement in essentially reional #isputes e&& Forea, +i##le 'ast

%ears o% #omino teory seeme# usti%ie#

=2 a# to respon# to te *ery real treat o% 2o*iet nu!lear weapons in -u"a

=2s nee# to prote!t er e!onomy an# prestie-ara!teristi!ally, te "est responses willJ


analyse.e*aluate "ot te support an# !allene !ases

rea! a reasone# !on!lusion as to weter te ypotesis is to "e supporte# or not

#%> $ar >ere Arab;Israe!i re!a&i%ns a$$ec&ed b &'e C%!d een ,01 and ,020@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% te ra"EIsraeli issue"etween te 2ueL >ar o% 195 an# te -amp Ba*i# pea!e areement o% 19:9, an# to #eploy tisin or#er to e*aluate te impa!t o% te -ol# >ar on e*ents&6ele*ant !ontent !oul# in!lu#eJ

essentially a reional !on%li!t =2 an# =226 in*ol*e# "e!ause o% importan!e o% +i##le'ast at !rossroa#s "etween te >est, te -ommunist 7lo! an# Tir# >orl#, sia an#%ri!a

oil also sini%i!ant

superpower in*ol*ement limite# to pro*i#in weapons an# military a#*isers

2ueL >ar 195J @asser o% 'ypt wante# Palestinian li"eration %rom /ews ot e$uipment o% military

a#*isers %rom =226 =2 per!ei*e# tis as !ommunist plot to mo*e into +i##le 'ast,wilst 7ritain an# ;ran!e worrie# a"out a!!ess to 2ueL -anal war was #isaster %or 7ritain an# ;ran!e& Israel now looke# to =2 as its !ie% supporter

2ix Bay >ar, 19:J =226 en!ourae# 'ypt an# 2yria aainst Israel an# inte# tat =226 woul# support

tem i% war !ame =226 keen to maintain in%luen!e in +i##le 'ast ra" states prepare# %or war aainst Israel Israel atta!ke# %irst an# aine# easy *i!tory Israel kept newly a!$uire# lan# as a K"u%%er Lone =226 supplie# 'ypt an# 2yria wit more mo#ern weapons

?om Fippur >ar, 19:3J Palestinian terrorist oranisations "e!ame more asserti*e

2a#at ('ypt) wante# to ain =2 support %or ra"s so tat =2 woul# persua#e Israel toaree a pea!e settlement

'ypt an# 2yria atta!ke# Israel, opin tat tis woul# %or!e =2 to "e me#iators Israel a# meri!an weapons an# $ui!kly won =2 an# =226, wit =@ support, aree# it was time to seek a pea!e settlement in +i##le

'ast

-amp Ba*i#J ra"s realise# tey !oul#nt win Israel pressure# to make pea!e "y =2 (worrie# "y i #e%en!e !osts, worl# re!ession

et!&), Presi#ent -arter playe# key role in neotiations-ara!teristi!ally, te "est responses willJ


analyse.e*aluate te extent to wi! superpower in*ol*ement sape# or merely respon#e# toe*ents in wat was essentially a reional !on%li!t

rea! a reasone# !on!lusion rear#in te impa!t o% te -ol# >ar on te ra"EIsraeli !on%li!t


7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

10/14

7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

11/14

4a/e ,+ Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


=Den/ Xia%.in/8s 6%ve &%>ards market socialism >as b%&' &'e cause %$ &'e crisis %$ C'inesec%66unis6 and &'e reas%n >' i& survived?8 #%> $ar d% %u a/ree@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% Ben Giaopins approa!to te pro"lems %a!in -ina, an# to #eploy tis to sow te e%%e!ts o% is re%orms on te -inese

-ommunist Party an# to test te *ali#ity o% te ypotesis&-ontent wi! mit "e use# to sow ow Kmarket so!ialism le# to te !risis !oul# in!lu#eJ

re*ersal o% !anes ma#e #urin -ultural 6e*olution wante# a prosperous mo#ern state

e!onomi! re%orms oine# I7+ an# >7 an# a!!epte# %orein loans, pro%itEsarin s!emeset!& initial su!!ess, "ut ten in%lation rew et!&

reater so!ial %ree#oms e&& reater reliious %ree#om, reater %ree#om %or intelle!tuals inliterature an# te arts, Bemo!ra!y >all

tese !anes le# to #eman#s %or more ra#i!al re%orm e&& te rit to !riti!ise teo*ernment, representation %or nonE!ommunist parties, %ree#om to tra*el a"roa#, a"olition o%!ommunes

re%orms upset te tra#itional, !onser*ati*e mem"ers o% --P

stu#ent #emonstrations in 198 supportin Bens K%our mo#ernisations "ut #eman#in

reater #emo!ra!y many people, in!lu#in or"a!e*, %elt tat it was impossi"le to a*e e!onomi! re%orm

witout politi!al re%orm&

Tiananmen 2$uare 1989 #eman#in politi!al re%orm-ontent wi! mit "e use# to sow ow Kmarket so!ialism elpe# --P sur*i*e !oul# in!lu#eJ

Ben maintaine# !ontrol o% --P "y "alan!in te *arious %a!tions witin it e&& repla!emento% te re%ormer Hu ?ao 7an wit Mao Mi ?an, wo was an e!onomi! re%ormer "ut notintereste# in politi!al re%orm a%ter Tiananmen 2$uare, Ben supporte# ar#Eliner i Pen

--P retaine# support o% te army wi! was use# to #isperse #emonstrations

international !riti!ism, "ut Ben was !on*in!e# tat oneEparty !ontrol was nee#e# tosuper*ise te transition to a Kso!ialist market e!onomy

or"a!e*s experien!es in =226 mit seem to !on%irm tat Ben was rit !ounter aruments mit suest tat --P woul# a*e %a!e# a !risis wit or witout Bens

Kmarket so!ialist poli!ies an# tat te --P woul# a*e sur*i*e# "e!ause o% its ar# lineapproa! an# !ontrol o% te army



analyse.e*aluate te impa!t o% Bens poli!ies an# apply te !on!lusions rea!e# to "otelements o% te $uestion

rea! a reasone# !on!lusion rear#in te *ali#ity o% te ypotesis

1 #%> and >' did &'e USA8s nuc!ear de&errence s&ra&e/ies deve!%. be&>een ,0 and,012@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% te =2s nu!lear#eterren!e strateies, an# to #eploy tis to sow ow an# wy tey !ane# in te perio# %rom1954 to 19:&6ele*ant !ontent !oul# in!lu#eJ

+assi*e 6etaliation (1954)J =226 #e*elope# atom "om", so =2 #e*elope# y#roen "om" in 195 =226 a!ie*e#

tis in 1953 =2 remaine# aea# in num"er o% weapons, "ut =226 took lea# in 195: wit #e*elopment

o% I-7+s =2 %ollowe# suit wit tlas

=2 #e*elope# sorter rane /upiter missiles wit laun!in sites in 'urope an# Turkey =226 laun!e# sputnik in 1958 =2 %ollowe# suit



7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

12/14

4a/e ,, Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


+utually ssure# Bestru!tion (194)J -u"an !risis re*eale# te %ull extent o% te #aner o% nu!lear war @u!lear weapons now seen as !reatin sta"ility #ue to "alan!e o% power @u!lear Test 7an Treaty 193 =2 #e*elope# 27+s (polaris an# posei#en)

=226 #e*elope# teir own sto!kpile o% I-7+s an# 27+s wante# to pressure =2into limitin arms "uil#Eup =2 a# less to spen# on nu!lear weapons (e&& !ost o% Aietnam >ar) =226 !at!in

up wit =2s sto!kpile

;lexi"le 6esponse (aree# "y @T 19:)J oriinally #e*elope# un#er Fenne#y nee# %or !on*entional weapons



analyse te *arious strateies an# explain tem in !ontext to sow ow an# wy tey#e*elope#

2 #%> i6.%r&an& >as &'e USA &% &'e deve!%.6en& %$ &'e in&erna&i%na! ec%n%6 in &'e .eri%d$r%6 ,0 un&i! ,0+@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% ow te internationale!onomy #e*elope# 1945 1980, an# to #eploy tis to analyse.e*aluate te sini%i!an!e o% te=2s role&6ele*ant !ontent !oul# in!lu#eJ

state o% te international e!onomy in 1945 prominent position o% =2

=2 wantin to keep wartime "oom oin en!e +arsall i# an# support %or /apan et!&

importan!e o% te #ollar TT, >orl# 7ank an# I+; importan!e o% =2

pro"lems in te international e!onomy in te 19:0s sini%i!an!e o% =2 e&& pro"lems wit =2 e!onomy an# reasons %or tem impa!t on international e!onomy e&& #e*aluin #ollar 19:1 P'- an# risin oil pri!es %ree tra#e

oter %a!tors P'- /apans Ke!onomi! mira!le sian Tiers


"e "alan!e# "etween te sini%i!an!e o% te =2 an# oter %a!tors #e*elop a loi!al arument %o!use# on te spe!i%i! nee#s o% te $uestion

=In &'e .eri%d $r%6 ,02+ &% ,00, in&erna&i%na! aid did 6%re &% 'inder &'an assis& T'ird $ar d% %u a/ree@

-an#i#ates will "e expe!te# to sow knowle#e an# un#erstan#in o% te international ai#i*en to Tir# >orl# !ountries 19:0 1991, an# to #eploy tis in or#er to e*aluate te impa!t o%tis ai#&6ele*ant !ontent !oul# in!lu#eJ

neoE!olonialism ri! !ountries still expe!te# te Tir# >orl# to !ontinue pro*i#in %oo# an#raw materials, an# expe!te# tem to "uy manu%a!ture# oo#s %rom ri! !ountries noen!ouraement was i*en %or Tir# >orl# !ountries to in#ustrialise

role o% multiEnational !ompanies


7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

13/14


7/24/2019 9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme

14/14

4a/e ,* Mar5 Sc'e6e7 Teac'ers8 versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


Tir# >orl# !ountries la!ke# %inan!es to #i*ersi%y an# many remaine# #epen#ent upononeEpro#u!t e!onomies e&& ana (!o!oa), Mam"ia (!opper), 'tiopia (!o%%ee)

19:0s saw %all in pri!es o% many !ommo#ities on wi! Tir# >orl# !ountries #epen#e#,yet pri!e o% manu%a!ture# oo#s !ontinue# to rise

%inan!ial ai# was usually on a "usiness "asis i&e& a# to "e repai# wit interest le# to

#e"t !risis risin populations in Tir# >orl# !ountries

wars.!i*il wars in Tir# >orl# !ountries ai# o%ten use# %or weapons et!&

#routs et!&

!orrupt an# ine%%i!ient o*ernments-ara!teristi!ally, te "est responses willJ

sow soun# knowle#e o% te type o% ai# i*en an# o% its impa!t

i*e examples to su"stantiate te points ma#e

e*aluate te impa!t o% ai# an# #e*elop a %o!use# an# "alan!e# arument


Documents

9697_32_Jun_11_mark_scheme