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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Subsidiar Leve! and GCE Advanced Leve!

MAR" SC#EME $%r &'e Ma()une *+,* -ues&i%n .a.er

$%r &'e /uidance %$ &eac'ers

0102 #ISTORY

0102(3, 4a.er 35 6a7i6u6 ra8 6ar9 ,++

T'is 6ar9 sc'e6e is .ub!is'ed as an aid &% &eac'ers and candida&es5 &% indica&e &'e re-uire6en&s %$&'e e7a6ina&i%n: I& s'%8s &'e basis %n 8'ic' E7a6iners 8ere ins&ruc&ed &% a8ard 6ar9s: I& d%es n%&indica&e &'e de&ai!s %$ &'e discussi%ns &'a& &%%9 .!ace a& an E7a6iners; 6ee&in/ be$%re 6ar9in/ be/an58'ic' 8%u!d 'ave c%nsidered &'e acce.&abi!i& %$ a!&erna&ive ans8ers:

Mar9 sc'e6es 6us& be read in c%n

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GCE AS(A LEVEL > Ma()une *+,* 0102 3,

GENERIC MAR" BANDS FOR ESSAY ?UESTIONS

E7a6iners 8i!! assess 8'ic' Leve! %$ Res.%nse bes& re$!ec&s 6%s& %$ &'e ans8er: An ans8er 8i!! n%&be re-uired &% de6%ns&ra&e a!! %$ &'e descri.&i%ns in a .ar&icu!ar Leve! &% -ua!i$ $%r a Mar9 Band:

Band Mar9s Leve!s %$ Res.%nse

, *,>*@ T'e a..r%ac' 8i!! be c%nsis&en&! ana!&ica! %r e7.!ana&%r ra&'er &'andescri.&ive %r narra&ive: Essas 8i!! be $u!! re!evan&: T'e ar/u6en& 8i!! bes&ruc&ured c%'eren&! and su..%r&ed b a..r%.ria&e $ac&ua! 6a&eria! andideas: T'e 8ri&in/ 8i!! be accura&e: A& &'e !%8er end %$ &'e band5 &'ere 6abe s%6e 8ea9er sec&i%ns bu& &'e %vera!! -ua!i& 8i!! s'%8 &'a& &'e candida&eis in c%n&r%! %$ &'e ar/u6en&: T'e bes& ans8ers 6us& be a8arded *@ 6ar9s:

* ,>*+ Essas 8i!! be $%cused c!ear! %n &'e de6ands %$ &'e -ues&i%n bu& &'ere 8i!!be s%6e unevenness: T'e a..r%ac' 8i!! be 6%s&! ana!&ica! %r e7.!ana&%rra&'er &'an descri.&ive %r narra&ive: T'e ans8er 8i!! be 6%s&! re!evan&: M%s&%$ &'e ar/u6en& 8i!! be s&ruc&ured c%'eren&! and su..%r&ed b !ar/e!accura&e $ac&ua! 6a&eria!: T'e i6.ressi%n 8i!! be &'a& a /%%d s%!id ans8er'as been .r%vided:

3 ,1>,2 Essas 8i!! re$!ec& a c!ear unders&andin/ %$ &'e -ues&i%n and a $air a&&e6.& &%.r%vide an ar/u6en& and $ac&ua! 9n%8!ed/e &% ans8er i&: T'e a..r%ac' 8i!!c%n&ain ana!sis %r e7.!ana&i%n bu& &'ere 6a be s%6e 'eavi! descri.&ive %rnarra&ive .assa/es: T'e ans8er 8i!! be !ar/e! re!evan&: Essas 8i!! ac'ievea /enuine ar/u6en& bu& 6a !ac9 ba!ance and de.&' in $ac&ua! 9n%8!ed/e:M%s& %$ &'e ans8er 8i!! be s&ruc&ured sa&is$ac&%ri! bu& s%6e .ar&s 6a !ac9$u!! c%'erence:

,>,@ Essas 8i!! indica&e a&&e6.&s &% ar/ue re!evan&! a!&'%u/' %$&en i6.!ici&!:

T'e a..r%ac' 8i!! de.end 6%re %n s%6e 'eavi! descri.&ive %r narra&ive.assa/es &'an %n ana!sis %r e7.!ana&i%n5 8'ic' 6a be !i6i&ed &%in&r%duc&i%ns and c%nc!usi%ns: Fac&ua! 6a&eria!5 s%6e&i6es ver $u!!5 8i!! beused &% i6.ar& in$%r6a&i%n %r describe even&s ra&'er &'an &% address direc&!&'e re-uire6en&s %$ &'e -ues&i%n: T'e s&ruc&ure %$ &'e ar/u6en& c%u!d be%r/anised 6%re e$$ec&ive!:

@ ,,>,3 Essas 8i!! %$$er s%6e a..r%.ria&e e!e6en&s bu& &'ere 8i!! be !i&&!e a&&e6.&/enera!! &% !in9 $ac&ua! 6a&eria! &% &'e re-uire6en&s %$ &'e -ues&i%n: T'ea..r%ac' 8i!! !ac9 ana!sis and &'e -ua!i& %$ &'e descri.&i%n %r narra&ive5a!&'%u/' su$$icien&! accura&e and re!evan& &% &'e &%.ic i$ n%& &'e .ar&icu!ar-ues&i%n5 8i!! n%& be !in9ed e$$ec&ive! &% &'e ar/u6en&: T'e s&ruc&ure 8i!!s'%8 8ea9nesses and &'e &rea&6en& %$ &%.ics 8i&'in &'e ans8er 8i!! beunba!anced:

1 >,+ Essas 8i!! n%& be .r%.er! $%cused %n &'e re-uire6en&s %$ &'e -ues&i%n:T'ere 6a be 6an unsu..%r&ed asser&i%ns and c%66en&aries &'a& !ac9su$$icien& $ac&ua! su..%r&: T'e ar/u6en& 6a be %$ !i6i&ed re!evance &% &'e&%.ic and &'ere 6a be c%n$usi%n ab%u& &'e i6.!ica&i%ns %$ &'e -ues&i%n:

2 +>2 Essas 8i!! be c'arac&erised b si/ni$ican& irre!evance %r ar/u6en&s &'a&d% n%& be/in &% 6a9e si/ni$ican& .%in&s: T'e ans8ers 6a be !ar/e!$ra/6en&ar and inc%'eren&:

Universi& %$ Ca6brid/e In&erna&i%na! E7a6ina&i%ns *+,*

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SECTION A

, S%urcebased -ues&i%n= T#E UNITED NATIONS AND STALIN;S SOVIET UNION #%8 $ar d%S%urces A > E su..%r& &'e vie8 &'a& S&a!in;s S%vie& Uni%n 8as never &ru! c%66i&&ed &% &'e Uni&edNa&i%ns

L, RITES ABOUT T#E #Y4OT#ESIS5 NO VALID USE OF SOURCES H,>@

T'ese ans8ers 8i!! 8ri&e ab%u& &'e UN and S&a!in;s S%vie& Uni%n and 6i/'& use &'e s%urces:#%8ever5 candida&es 8i!! n%& use &'e s%urces as in$%r6a&i%n(evidence &% &es& &'e /iven'.%&'esis: I$ s%urces are used5 i& 8i!! be &% su..%r& an essas&!e ans8er &% &'e -ues&i%n:

L* USES INFORMATION TA"EN FROM T#E SOURCES TO C#ALLENGE OR SU44ORT T#E#Y4OT#ESIS H1>

T'ese ans8ers use &'e s%urces as in$%r6a&i%n ra&'er &'an as evidence5 i:e: s%urces are used a&$ace va!ue %n! 8i&' n% eva!ua&i%n(in&er.re&a&i%n in c%n&e7&:

L3 USES INFORMATION TA"EN FROM SOURCES TO C#ALLENGE AND SU44ORT T#E#Y4OT#ESIS H0>,3

T'ese ans8ers 9n%8 &'a& &es&in/ &'e '.%&'esis inv%!ves b%&' a&&e6.&in/ &% c%n$ir6 and &%dis.r%ve i&: #%8ever5 s%urces are s&i!! used %n! a& $ace va!ue:

L BY INTER4RETING(EVALUATING SOURCES IN CONTEXT5 FINDS EVIDENCE TO

C#ALLENGE OR SU44ORT T#E #Y4OT#ESIS H,>,1

T'ese ans8ers are ca.ab!e %$ usin/ s%urces as evidence5 i:e: de6%ns&ra&in/ &'eir u&i!i& in &es&in/&'e '.%&'esis5 b in&er.re&in/ &'e6 in &'eir 'is&%rica! c%n&e7&5 i:e: n%& si6.! acce.&in/ &'e6 a&&'eir $ace va!ue:

L@ BY INTER4RETING(EVALUATING SOURCES IN CONTEXT5 FINDS EVIDENCE TOC#ALLENGE AND SU44ORT T#E #Y4OT#ESIS H,2>*,

T'ese ans8ers 9n%8 &'a& &es&in/ &'e '.%&'esis inv%!ves a&&e6.&in/ b%&' &% c%n$ir6 anddisc%n$ir6 &'e '.%&'esis5 and are ca.ab!e %$ usin/ s%urces as evidence &% d% &'is Ji:e: b%&'c%n$ir6a&i%n and disc%n$ir6a&i%n are d%ne a& &'is !eve!K:

L1 AS L@5 4LUS EIT#ER JaK EX4LAINS #Y EVIDENCE TO C#ALLENGE(SU44ORT ISBETTER(4REFERRED5 OR JbK RECONCILES(EX4LAINS 4ROBLEMS IN T#E EVIDENCE TOS#O T#AT NEIT#ER C#ALLENGE NOR SU44ORT IS TO BE 4REFERRED H**>*@

F%r JaK &'e ar/u6en& 6us& be5 &'a& &'e evidence $%r a/reein/(disa/reein/ is be&&er(.re$erred: T'is6us& inv%!ve a c%6.ara&ive

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4!ease n%&e=Y su..%r&s &'e '.%&'esisN a/ains& &'e '.%&'esisNeu&ra! nei&'er su..%r&s n%r %..%ses '.%&'esis

CONTEXT=T'e c%nce.& %$ a Uni&ed Na&i%ns 'ad e6er/ed in &'e A&!an&ic C'ar&er Jan a/ree6en& be&8eenR%%seve!& and C'urc'i!!K in ,0,5 8i&' &'e ini&ia! in&en&i%n %$ 6ain&ainin/ a uni&ed $r%n& a/ains&Ger6an and &'en 'e!.in/ &% 6ain&ain .eace in &'e $u&ure: S&a!in5 8i&' an %bvi%us in&eres& in de$ea&in/Ger6an5 c%n$ir6ed &'e S%vie& Uni%n;s de&er6ina&i%n &% 6ain&ain &'e a!!iance5 b%&' durin/ &'e 8ar andin &'e .%s&8ar 8%r!d: Be'ind &'e r'e&%ric %$ suc' a/ree6en&s5 '%8ever5 !a &'e se!$in&eres& %$ a!!&'ree !eaders and &'eir c%un&ries: R%%seve!&5 $ear$u! &'a& &'e USA 8%u!d /% bac9 &% i&s .re8aris%!a&i%nis& .%!icies and &'e da6a/in/ ec%n%6ic e$$ec&s 8'ic' &'is 6i/'& 'ave5 8as 9een &% ensure &'a&&'e USA 8%u!d c%n&inue &% .!a a !eadin/ r%!e in .%s&8ar 8%r!d a$$airs: C'urc'i!! 8as -uic9 &% &a!9ab%u& $reed%6 $%r a!! .eace!%vin/ .e%.!es5 bu& 6ade i& c!ear &'a& &'is did n%& in an 8a 6ean &'a&India 8%u!d be re!eased $r%6 Bri&is' i6.eria! c%n&r%!: S&a!in sa8 suc' a/ree6en&s as /ran&in/ &'eS%vie& Uni%n an %..%r&uni& &% en'ance i&s in&erna&i%na! s&andin/ and .r%vide i& 8i&' /rea&er securi& in

&'e $u&ure: T'e Uni&ed Na&i%ns 8as b%rn %u& %$ &'e se!$in&eres& %$ &'e vic&%ri%us .%8ers5 and i& is5.er'a.s5 n%& sur.risin/ &'a& &'is sa6e se!$in&eres& 8as &% 'a6.er i&s deve!%.6en& and .r%/ressdurin/ i&s ear! ears:

SOURCE A=

C%n&e7&= S.eec' b S&a!in &% 6e6bers %$ &'e M%sc%8 S%vie& in ,0: A& &'e &i6e5 &'e S%vie& Uni%n8as in a!!iance 8i&' Bri&ain and &'e USA5 and &'ese na&i%ns 8ere 8innin/ &'e 8ar a/ains& Ger6an:T'e 8ar 'ad been devas&a&in/ $%r &'e USSR in ever sense5 and S&a!in 8as 8e!! a8are &'a& 'eneeded A6erican su..%r& in %rder &% ensure &'e $ina! de$ea& %$ Ger6an and &% aid $inancia!(ec%n%6icrec%ver: S&a!in;s 6a

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SOURCE D=

C%n&e7&= A .%s&C%!d ar ana!sis b a Russian acade6ic de!ivered &% a 6ain! A6erican audience:

C%n&en& JFace Va!ueK= T'e s%urce ar/ues &'a& &'e S%vie& Uni%n 8as ini&ia!! n%& en&'usias&ic ab%u& &'eUN5 $earin/ &'a& &'e es&ern .%8ers 8%u!d use i& &% uni&e in %..%si&i%n: JYK #%8ever5 &'e USSR

-uic9! ca6e &% rea!ise &'a& &'e UN c%u!d be used &% c%6ba& an&iS%vie&; 6easures5 8'i!e a& &'e sa6e&i6e en'ancin/ &'e S%vie& Uni%n;s .res&i/e as a /rea& .%8er: T'e S%vie& Uni%n ensured &'a& as 6uc'%$ &'e UN;s au&'%ri& as .%ssib!e 8as dev%!ved &% &'e Securi& C%unci!5 8'ere &'e .%8er %$ ve&% 8%u!d6ean &'a& 6easures dee6ed &% be an&iS%vie& c%u!d n%& be .assed JNK: 'i!e su..%r&in/ &'e UN;s.eace9ee.in/ r%!e5 &'e S%vie& Uni%n 8as !ess c%66i&&ed &% i&s %&'er $unc&i%ns Je:/: ec%n%6ic5 cu!&ura!and 'u6ani&arianK5 8'ic' 8ere seen as a &'rea& because %$ &'e absence %$ &'e ri/'& %$ ve&% JY >USSR n%& $u!! c%66i&&ed &% &'e 8'%!e ran/e %$ UN ac&ivi&iesK:

C%n&en& JBe%nd Face Va!ueK= T'e s%urce i6.!ies &'a& &'e S%vie& Uni%n 8as c%66i&&ed &% &'e UN %n!in s% $ar as i& served 'er %8n in&eres&s: T'e S%vie& Uni%n 8as n%& en&'usias&ic ab%u& &'e UN;s ac&ivi&iesbe%nd .eace9ee.in/5 and 6ade 'eav use %$ i&s ri/'& %$ ve&% in &'e Securi& C%unci! JYK: #%8ever5&'e se!$in&eres& ar/u6en& c%u!d

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SECTION B

* T'e C%!d ar deve!%.ed in Eur%.e be&8een ,0@ and ,00 because &'e USA and &'e USSR 'addi$$eren& .%!i&ica! ide%!%/ies:; #%8 $ar d% %u a/ree

In su..%r& %$ &'e '.%&'esis5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e c!as' %$ .%!i&ica! ide%!%/ies 'ad beeneviden& since &'e Russian Rev%!u&i%n %$ ,0,2: T'e necessi&ies %$ II $%rced &'e USA and &'eUSSR &% 8%r9 &%/e&'er &% de$ea& a c%66%n ene65 bu& &'e .%8er vacuu6 re6ainin/ in ,0@6ade su.er.%8er riva!r inevi&ab!e: Tradi&i%na!; 'is&%rians ar/ue &'a& &'e USSR;s e7.ansi%nis&.%!icies in Eas&ern Eur%.e Je:/: brea9in/ %$ 4%&sda6 .r%6ises5 Ber!in B!%c9adeK re$!ec&ed &'ec%66unis& n%&i%n %$ 8%r!d8ide rev%!u&i%n5 s%6e&'in/ 8'ic' &'e USA5 as &'e de$ender %$ $reed%6and de6%crac5 'ad &% resis&: Tru6an;s an&ic%66unis& 6easures JTru6an D%c&rine5 Mars'a!!4!an e&c:K 8ere .ar& %$ &'e USA;s ide%!%/ica! resis&ance &% &'e s.read %$ c%66unis6:

In c'a!!en/in/ &'e '.%&'esis5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e C%!d ar deve!%.ed n%& because %$di$$erin/ ide%!%/ies5 bu& because %$ &'e di$$eren& na&i%na! in&eres&s %$ &'e su.er.%8ers:Revisi%nis&; 'is&%rians ar/ue &'a& &'e USSR 8as n%& e7.ansi%nis&5 bu& 6ere! see9in/ securi&

b es&ab!is'in/ a bu$$er %ne; in Eas&ern Eur%.e: Tru6an5 &'e ar/ue5 8an&ed &% secureA6erican ec%n%6ic in&eres&s b e7.!%i&in/ &'e Eur%.ean 6ar9e&5 &'ere$%re &'e Mars'a!! 4!ancan be seen as a $%r6 %$ d%!!ar i6.eria!is6;: Si6i!ar!5 9ee.in/ 6ar9e&s %.en &% &'e USA c%u!dbe seen as &'e reas%n 8' Tru6an dr%..ed a&%6ic b%6bs %n )a.an in %rder &% .reven& &'eUSSR /ainin/ a $%%&'%!d in &'e Eas&: 4%s&revisi%nis&; 'is&%rians ar/ue &'a& i& 8as &'e $ai!ure %$&'e &8% su.er.%8ers &% unders&and eac' %&'er and &'eir res.ec&ive .%!icies Je:/: A6ericanreas%ns $%r 8an&in/ a s&r%n/ Ger6an5 S%vie& reas%ns $%r 8an&in/ a 8ea9 Ger6anK &'a& !ed &%&'e C%!d ar:

3 T% 8'a& e7&en& 8as &'e S%vie& Uni%n res.%nsib!e $%r &'e /!%ba!isa&i%n %$ &'e C%!d ar in&'e ears $r%6 ,0@+ &% ,02@

Ar/u6en&s in su..%r& %$ &'e idea &'a& &'e S%vie& Uni%n 8as res.%nsib!e 6i/'& inc!ude S&a!in;s%ver& s&a&e6en&s re/ardin/ 8%r!d c%66unis& rev%!u&i%n5 S%vie& su..%r& $%r &'e c%66unis& &a9e%ver in C'ina and S%vie& inv%!ve6en& in "%rea5 Cuba5 Vie&na65 A$rica and &'e Midd!e Eas&:

In c'a!!en/in/ &'e vie85 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e C%!d ar 8as /!%ba!ised because %$ &'e USA;s%verreac&i%n &% 8'a& i& inc%rrec&! .erceived as a S%vie& a&&e6.& &% e7.and i&s in$!uence: T'issu..%sed enc%ura/e6en& %$ 8%r!d8ide c%66unis& rev%!u&i%n5 !ed &% c%n&ain6en&5 r%!! bac9 and&'e d%6in% &'e%r: T'e USA;s ac&i%ns in "%rea5 Vie&na65 S%u&'eas& Asia5 La&in A6erica5 A$ricaand &'e Midd!e Eas& c%u!d be ci&ed as evidence &% subs&an&ia&e &'is .%in&:

Genuine ba!ance c%u!d be ac'ieved b ar/uin/ &'a& &'e USA and &'e USSR s'ared e-ua!res.%nsibi!i& $%r /!%ba!isin/ &'e C%!d ar b bec%6in/ inv%!ved in 8'a& 8ere essen&ia!! re/i%na!c%n$!ic&s $%r &'eir %8n s&ra&e/ic5 di.!%6a&ic %r .res&i/e reas%ns:


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@ #%8 i6.%r&an& 8as &'e USA in &'e c%!!a.se %$ &'e USSR b ,00,

In s'%8in/ &'e i6.%r&ance %$ &'e USA5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e US bui!& u. en%r6%us $inancia!.ressure %n &'e S%vie& Uni%n &'r%u/'%u& &'e ar6s race: T'e S%vie& ec%n%6 c%u!d n%& c%.e 8i&'&'e everincreasin/ c%66i&6en&5 es.ecia!! 8'en Rea/an ins&i&u&ed 'is s&ar 8ars; .r%/ra66e:

US aid &% S%vie& ene6ies in A$/'anis&an added &% &'e USSR;s ec%n%6ic burdens: I6.r%vin/A6erican re!a&i%ns 8i&' C'ina a!s% i6.ac&ed %n &'e USSR5 8'i!e Eas&ern Eur%.ean s&a&es %$ &'eS%vie& Uni%n beca6e increasin/! a8are %$ &'e ver di$$eren& ec%n%6ic circu6s&ances .reva!en&in &'e es&:

#%8ever5 in %rder &% 6ain&ain ba!ance5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'ere 8ere %&'er reas%ns $%r &'e.r%b!e6s $acin/ &'e USSR;s ec%n%6: Na&i%na!is6 Jb%&' in Eas&ern Eur%.e and 8i&'in &'e SUi&se!$K 8as an%&'er 9e $ac&%r be'ind &'e c%!!a.se %$ &'e USSR b ,00,: 4%!i&ica! s&a/na&i%n%ccurred under a nu6ber %$ S%vie& !eaders and5 b &'e &i6e G%rbac'ev ca6e &% .%8er5 &'e USSR8as in a .ar!%us s&a&e: G%rbac'ev;s re$%r6s %$ /!asn%s& and .eres&r%i9a 8ere unab!e &% redress&'e .r%b!e6s5 and5 ar/uab!5 6ade &'e6 8%rse: #is decisi%n &% rescind &'e Bre'nev D%c&rineadded &% &'e i6.ac& %$ na&i%na!is6:

1 A&&e6.&s &% c%n&r%! &'e nuc!ear ar6s race be&8een &'e su.er.%8ers in &'e .eri%d $r%6 ,00 &% ,0+8ere !ar/e! success$u!;: #%8 $ar d% %u a/ree

In su..%r& %$ &'e '.%&'esis5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& a&&e6.&s &% c%n&r%! &'e deve!%.6en& %$nuc!ear 8ea.%ns did 'ave s%6e success durin/ .eri%ds %$ d&en&e: Tes& Ban &rea&ies 6ade i&'arder &% deve!%. and &es& 8ea.%ns5 and 'ad &'e added e$$ec& %$ 6a9in/ i& 6%re di$$icu!& $%r n%nnuc!ear s&a&es &% deve!%. nuc!ear ca.abi!i&: T'e SALT Trea&ies i6.%sed !i6i&s %n cer&ain &.es %$nuc!ear 8ea.%ns and c%u!d be seen as a .recurs%r &% subse-uen&5 6%re e$$ec&ive &rea&ies Je:/:STARTK:

In c'a!!en/in/ &'e '.%&'esis5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a&5 des.i&e vari%us 6ee&in/s and &rea&ies5 &'ere8as a c%ns&an& bui!du. %$ nuc!ear ar6s b b%&' &'e USA and &'e USSR5 8'i!e %&'er c%un&riesJe:/: U"5 France5 C'inaK a!s% /ained nuc!ear ca.abi!i&: T'e USSR;s deve!%.6en& %$ &'e a&%6icb%6b in ,00 !ed &'e USA &% vas&! increase i&s %8n e7.endi&ure %n ar6s J6assive re&a!ia&i%nK: B,0@35 b%&' %$ &'e su.er.%8ers 'ad deve!%.ed 'dr%/en b%6bs: Even &'e 6%ve &% Mu&ua!!Assured Des&ruc&i%n a$&er ,01* $ai!ed &% i6.%se an e$$ec&ive res&ric&i%n %n &'e deve!%.6en& %$nuc!ear ar6s 'ence &'e deve!%.6en& %$ ICBM5 SLBM5 ABM and MIRV: T'e Nuc!ear Tes& BanTrea& %$ ,013 8as !i6i&ed in i&s sc%.e and a!6%s& i6.%ssib!e &% 6%ni&%r e$$ec&ive!: T'e SALTTrea&ies 8ere !i6i&ed in sc%.e and SALT II 8as never ra&i$ied due &% &'e S%vie& Uni%n;sinv%!ve6en& in A$/'anis&an:


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4a/e ,+ Mar9 Sc'e6e= Teac'ers; versi%n S!!abus 4a.er


2 #%8 $ar d% %u su..%r& &'e vie8 &'a& A6erican d%6inance %$ &'e in&erna&i%na! ec%n%6'ad ended b &'e ,0+s

In su..%r& %$ &'e '.%&'esis i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e USA 'ad c!ear! been &'e d%6inan&ec%n%6 be&8een ,0@,02+5 as evidenced b Mars'a!! Aid5 assis&ance &% )a.an5 &'e

i6.%r&ance %$ &'e d%!!ar and &'e 9e r%!e .!aed b &'e USA in GATT5 &'e %r!d Ban9 and &'eIMF: #%8ever5 &'e A6erican ec%n%6 8as adverse! a$$ec&ed b a nu6ber %$ $ac&%rs durin/ &'e,02+s and ,0+s e:/: 'i/' c%s&s %$ de$ence and &'e Vie&na6 ar5 bud/e& de$ici&s $r%6 &'e !a&e,01+s5 $a!!in/ va!ue %$ &'e d%!!ar and &'e c%!!a.se %$ &'e Bre&&%n %%ds ss&e65 e$$ec&s %$ &'e %i!crises5 &'e rec%ver %$ es& Ger6an and )a.an5 &'e deve!%.6en& %$ &'e EEC and &'e rise %$&'e Asian Ti/ers:

In c'a!!en/in/ &'e '.%&'esis5 i& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e 8'%!e in&erna&i%na! ec%n%6 su$$ered$r%6 recessi%n in &'e ,02+s and ,0+s5 bu& &'a& &'is 8as !ar/e! a &e6.%rar .'en%6en%n in a.%si&i%n %$ %&'er8ise /enera! /r%8&': B ,00,5 8i&' &'e US ec%n%6 en&erin/ i&s &er&iar s&a/e5 i&8as s&i!! in a d%6inan& .%si&i%n5 &'%u/' n%& as d%6inan& as in &'e .eri%d ,0@>2+:

An a&&e6.& &% c'a!!en/e &'e d%6inance %$ &'e USA and &'e USSR:; #%8 ade-ua&e is &'isas an e7.!ana&i%n %$ &'e es&ab!is'6en& %$ &'e N%nA!i/ned M%ve6en&

I& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& &'e NAM 8as es&ab!is'ed b deve!%.in/ c%un&ries &'a& c'%se n%& &% &% .r%6%&e A$r%Asian ec%n%6icand cu!&ura! c%%.era&i%n5 and &% %..%se c%!%nia!is6 and ne%c%!%nia!is6: A ,+.%n& dec!ara&i%n

%n &'e .r%6%&i%n %$ 8%r!d .eace and c%%.era&i%n;5 inc%r.%ra&in/ UN .rinci.!es5 8as ad%.&edunani6%us!: I& 8as a!s% a/reed &'a& deve!%.in/ c%un&ries s'%u!d .r%vide &ec'nica! assis&ance &%eac' %&'er in %rder &% reduce de.endenc %n &'e !eadin/ indus&ria! na&i%ns: #u6an ri/'&sar/u6en&s dre8 a&&en&i%n &% racia!is6 and cu!&ura! su..ressi%n: I& 8as a/reed &'a& na&i%ns 8%u!d8%r9 &%/e&'er in c%%.era&i%n &% %verc%6e suc' c%!%nia! !e/acies: On i&s $%r6a! es&ab!is'6en& a&Be!/rade in ,01,5 NAM;s s&a&ed ai6s 8ere c%nsiderab! 8ider &'an basic C%!d ar issues > e:/:res.ec& $%r $unda6en&a! 'u6an ri/'&s5 res.ec& $%r &'e s%verei/n& %$ inde.enden& s&a&es5 racia!e-ua!i&5 6u&ua! c%%.era&i%n5 an&ic%!%nia!is6 e&c: I& c%u!d be ar/ued &'a& NAM 8as 6%re %$ a6u&ua!su..%r& %r/anisa&i%n and .ressure /r%u. $%r deve!%.in/ c%un&ries Je:/: i&s %..%si&i%n &% a!!$%r6s %$ c%!%nia!is6 and racis65 suc' as a.ar&'eidK: Indeed5 6an 6e6bers %$ NAM 6ain&ainedc!%se !in9s 8i&' %ne %r %&'er %$ &'e su.er.%8er b!%cs;5 under6inin/ &'e n%&i%n &'a& &'e%r/anisa&i%n 8as 6ere! ab%u& &'e C%!d ar:


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