15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)

96104463 Simulating sulfur dioxide plume dispersion and 96lO4470 Strategies for limiting methane gas in the European subseouent deoosition downwind from a stationary point Union source’: A model

_ .

Bourque, C. P. and Arp, P. A. Environ. Pollur., 1996, 91, (3), 363-380. Dispersion and subsequent deposition of SO, downwind from a stationary point source, advection, and air turbulence en route from the source to the area of impact. SO, transport processes were simulated using Lagrangian air parcel trajectory simulations from puff releases of air parcels. The cal- culations covered daytime and night-time conditions and accounts for: solar geometry, diurnal variations of wind speed and air turbulence, resis- tance to SO, transfer from air to land, and flat terrain.

Oudart, 8. Energy Convers. Mgmr., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1187-l 192.

CITEPA carried out a study on behalf of the European Commission about possibilities of limiting methane gas in the European Union. In this paper which deals only with methane anthropogenic emissions, emission invento- ries have been elaborated for the years 1990, 2005 and 2010 considering a ‘no climate policies’ scenario on one hand and ‘existing policies’ scenario on the other hand. On the basis of these inventories, considering the main sources of CH,, the possibilities of the applications of emission reduction technologies are analysed in order to propose a Community progrmme for action.

96104464 Solar thermochemical and electrochemical research - How thev can helo reduce the carbon dioxide burden Fletcher, E. A. Energy, Jul.-Aug. 1996, 21, (7), 739-745. Any process which decreases the use of fossil fuels as a prime energy source will be used only if it is attractive to industry. To be attractive, an alternative energy source must be cost effective. The only alternative prime energy sources which appear likely to be cost effective in the foreseeable future are nuclear fission and the various manifestations of solar. Fission, no matter how well it is engineered on earth, can cause major disasters because of human error, its apparent cost effectiveness is illusory. Thermo- nuclear fusion energy is no closer to fruition than it was fifty years ago, when it was first proposed. Solar energy is thermonuclear fusion. The source is far removed from humans. We can’t manipulate the safety devices. The realization that one cannot divorce nuclear energy from the hazards of human error and malice is already given in public policy.

96104465 dissolution

Solubility of CO, in the ocean and its effect on CO,

Te~310Hj8, et 4 Energy Cowers. Mgmf., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6),

The rate of mass transfer from pure COz effluent discharged in the deep ocean depends strongly on the solubility of CO? in seawater. This thermo- dynamic study derives solubility relationships for both gas- and liquid- phase CO, in seawater. It is determined that, for CO, gas, solubility depends on both temperature and pressure and, as a consequence, solubility increases sharply with depth in the ocean. For CO> liquid, solubility depends only on temperature and increases slowly with depth, approaching near constant values in the deep ocean. These results are applied to examine dissolution rates of CO1 bubbles and droplets.

96104466 Solvent effects In synchronous UV fluorescence to characterize the solid/liquid phase modifications in coal struc- ture during the preheating process Kister, J. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 381-384. Describes how coking coal heating to 210” decreases the size of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in CHCI,, THF, and pyridine extracts.

96104467 Some ohvsical and chemical features of the varia- bility of K, distribution coefficients for radionuclides Abril, J. M. and Fraaa, E. J. Environ. Radioacfivify, 1996, 30, (3), 253-270. K, coefficients are widely used as a first approach to the understanding and determination of the eventual fate of metals and radionuclides released into the aquatic environment. For some radionuclides, K, varies within a range of more than two orders of magnitude. Based on some physical and chemi- cal aspects of the interactions between the dissolved and the particulate phases, some mathematical equations have been developed to explain some features of the observed K, variability quantitatively. Thus, a study was done of the decrease in particle size of K, in the case of man-made radionuclides interacting with natural particles, and its increase in the case of naturally occurring radionuclides.

96iQ4466 Stabilization/solidification of industrial inorganic wastes using coal fly ashes from desulfurization processes Vale, J. ef al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1955-1958. The paper discusses the results of a pilot-plant study on stabilization and solidification of industrial inorganic hazardous wastes using coal fly ash from flue gas desulphurization. The advantages of using fly ashes as bulk- ing agents with liquid wastes and as substitutes for other solidifying agents are discussed.

96104469 Strategic planning and adoption of greenhouse gas mitigation options In Asia Bando, A. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 991-998. Asia’s global warming potential (GWP) is large and growing. Asia releases an estimated 8.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide each year from fossil fuel use, cement manufactures and ‘land use changes’ while its anthropo- genie emissions of methane (emissions derived primarily from we1 rice cultivation and livestock - estimates from these being highly unreliable) represent half the global total. The paper highlights several key issues that must be considered while developing greenhouse gas emissions mitigation options within the context of an overall strategy of moving countries rap- idly along a path of sustainable development that increases inter-sectoral energy efficiences within the economy, enhance sinks, and decrease green- house gas emissions per capita.

96104471 Strategies for reducing emlsslons and deposltlons In central and eastern European countries. The case of Slovakia Van Harmelen, T. et al., ECN-C Report ECN-C-94-102, Netherlands Energy Rex Foundation, Petten, The Netherlands, 1995, 59 pp. The report discusses the developments and reduction of acidifying SO, and NO, emissions from the energy systems of Slovakia.

96104472 Strategles for reducing emlsslons and depositions In central and eastern European countries. The case of the Czech Republic

Van Harmelen, T. et al., ECN-C Report ECN-C-94-101, Netherlands Energy Res. Foundation, Petten, The Netherlands, 1995, 59 pp. The report contains a detailed case study on the developments and reduc- tion of acidifying SO, and NO, emissions from the energy systems of the Czech Republic.

96104473 Studies on daily intake of food coal-tar dyes in Japan Koh, T. er al., Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Gakkaishi, 1995, 2, (l), 64-68. (In Japanese)

The daily intake of food coal-tar dyes was determined by HPLC of samples prepared from the processed foods purchased in Japan. The total daily intake of the food coal-tar dves in 1994 was 0.9 mn/dav. About 61% of the total intake was supplied from No. 7 of the g&p of processed foods, involving fruits, vegetables, and seafoods.

96104474 Study of the stability of CO, clathrate-hydrate using molecular dynamics simulation

Hirai, S. er al., Energy Comers. Mgml., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1087-1092.

Investigation using molecular dynamics simulation has been conducted in order to clarify the stability and to obtain the fundamental understanding of CO, clathrate-hydrate. It was revealed from the MD simulation that the COz clathrate-hydrate is unstable as compared with both empty and Argon clathrate-hydrates. The reason for the unstableness is discussed based on the database obtained from the simulation. THe repulsive force acting between the 0 atoms of CO> and 0 atom in H,O consisting the cage have a destabilizing effect on the CO? clathrate-hydrate lattice structure.

A study of the surface modification of alumina for

Braithwaite, A. and Cooper, M. Chromatographia, 1996, 42, (l), 77-82.

Describes the development of a gas chromatographic method for the sepa- ration of alkanes and alkenes oresent in coal mine air usinn modified alumina columns. The separation was carried out by using gas Ehromatog- raphy equipped with a gas sampling valve, a FID and a surface modified alumina packed column with helium as carrier gas.

96104476 Technical and economic feasibility of CO, disposal in aquifers within the Alberta sedimentary basin, Canada

Gunter, W. D. et al., Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1135-1142. Discusses a three vear studv of the technical and economic feasibilitv of aquifer disposal of CO, in 6e low permeability sedimentary rocks of the Alberta Basin which has revealed several new generic concepts that may be applicable to other sedimentary basins throughout the world.

96104477 Trace elements partitioning in stack emissions from coal-fired power stations

Dale, L. S. er al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1975-1978. The paper describes trace elements (As, B, Cd, Pb, Hg, MO, Se, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn,Sb, and Co) partitioning in stack emissions from coal-fired power stations.

306 Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1996