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DOCUMENT RESUME
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AUTHOR Thompson, Anne R.; And OthersTITLE College Students with Disabilities and Assistive Technology:
A Desk Reference Guide.SPONS AGENCY Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. Dept. of
Agricultural and Extension Education.; Special EducationPrograms (ED/OSERS), Washington, DC.
PUB DATE 30 Apr 97NOTE 95p.
CONTRACT H078C50060PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) -- Reference Materials
General (130)EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Access to Education; *Assistive Devices (for Disabled);
Attention Deficit Disorders; *Career Planning; Case Studies;Check Lists; *College Students; *Communication Aids (forDisabled); Counselor Training; *Disabilities; HearingImpairments; Higher Education; Information Sources; LanguageImpairments; Learning Disabilities; Mobility Aids; PhysicalDisabilities; Professional Personnel; Visual Impairments;Vocabulary
IDENTIFIERS *Academic Accommodations (Disabilities)
ABSTRACTThis resource guide is designed to provide a quick reference
for professionals (employment recruiters and counselors in vocationalrehabilitation, disability services, and career services), who work withcollege students with disabilities, in incorporating assistive technologyinto planning for postsecondary education and employment. First, types ofassistive technology and assistive technology evaluations are reviewed. Stepsfor using the guide are described and assistive technology categories areoutlined, including adaptive computer applications, aids for communication,aids for daily living, environmental control systems, home/work sitemodifications, prosthetics and orthotics, seating and positioning,wheelchairs/mobility aids, and vehicle modifications. The benefits of usingassistive technology are also identified. The next part of the guide isdivided into sections on possible disability deficits and their technologicalsolutions. Disability categories discussed include blindness/visualimpairments, deafness/hearing impairments, learning disabilities andattention deficit disorders, orthopedic/mobility impairments, speech andlanguage disorders, and other disabilities. Each disability is described, achart illustrating possible deficits and possible technology solutions isprovided, and a case study is presented along with the assistive technologysolution. The guide also includes lists of different types of specialists,funding resources, electronic mail resources, national organizations, andstate resources. A check list of comprehensive career planning and a glossary'of terms is also included. (CR)
********************************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
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(.%
1
Ann
e R
. Tho
nip
LW
* L
. Bot
haH
arry
F. R
imM
ani*
D. H
utto
A
4=21
Eits
reE
ST
Rgr
o,',2
rtnt
n,E
DA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
NC
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
Thi
s do
cum
ent h
as b
een
repr
oduc
ed a
sre
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
orga
niza
tion
orig
inat
ing
it.
Min
or c
hang
es h
ave
been
mad
e to
impr
ove
repr
oduc
tion
qual
ity.
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE3
Col
lege
Stu
dent
s w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s an
d A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy:
A D
esk
Ref
eren
ce G
uide
Spr
ing
1997
Inco
rpor
atin
g A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
into
Pla
nnin
g fo
rP
osts
econ
dary
Edu
catio
n an
d E
mpl
oym
ent
Des
igne
d fo
r:V
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
n C
ouns
elor
sD
isab
ility
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
sC
aree
r S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
ors
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rs
Ann
e R
. Tho
mps
on, P
h.D
., C
RC
Lesl
ie L
. Bet
hea,
M.S
., C
RC
Har
ry F
. Riz
er, E
d.D
.M
elan
ie D
. Hut
to, P
h.D
., C
RC
, LP
CM
issi
ssip
pi S
tate
Uni
vers
ity
Fun
ding
for
this
gui
de w
as p
rovi
ded
by th
e M
issi
ssip
pi D
epar
tmen
t of R
ehab
ilita
tion
Ser
vice
s/P
roje
ct S
TA
RT
(Suc
cess
Thr
ough
Ass
istiv
e R
ehab
ilita
tion
Tec
hnol
ogy)
and
the
U. S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n,O
ffice
of S
peci
al E
duca
tion
and
Reh
abili
tativ
e S
ervi
ces
(PR
Aw
ard
No.
H07
8C50
060)
.O
pini
ons
expr
esse
d in
the
guid
e ar
e th
ose
of th
e au
thor
s an
d sh
ould
not
be
cons
true
d to
rep
rese
nt o
pini
ons
or p
olic
ies
of th
e fu
ndin
g ag
enci
es.
MN
U. I
=M
IMM
NIM
MIE
MIII
MIN
E S
IM
Tab
le o
f Con
tent
s
Wha
t is
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y an
d H
ow to
Use
this
Gui
de1
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y C
ateg
orie
s3
Poi
nts
for
Con
side
ratio
n of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Opt
ions
4
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y fo
r D
iffer
ent T
ypes
of D
isab
ilitie
s
Blin
dnes
sNis
ual I
mpa
irmen
ts (
BN
I)5
Dea
fnes
s/H
earin
g Im
pairm
ents
(D
/HI)
9
Lear
ning
Dis
abili
ties
(LD
) an
dA
ttent
ion-
Def
icit
Dis
orde
r (A
DD
)13
Ort
hope
dic/
Mob
ility
Impa
irmen
ts (
0/M
I)17
Spe
ech
and
Lang
uage
Dis
orde
rs (
S&
L)21
Oth
er D
isab
ilitie
s (O
ther
)25
Spe
cial
ists
27
Res
ourc
es/F
undi
ng S
ourc
es29
Sta
te T
ech
Act
(N
ames
and
add
ress
es li
sted
by
stat
es)
31
Che
ck L
ist f
or C
ompr
ehen
sive
Car
eer
Pla
nnin
g39
Def
initi
on o
f Ter
ms
41
Res
earc
h C
redi
ts44
6
7
Col
lege
Stu
dent
s W
ith D
isab
ilitie
s an
d A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy:
A D
esk
Ref
eren
ce G
uide
Thi
s re
sour
ce g
uide
is d
esig
ned
to p
rovi
de a
qui
ck r
efer
ence
for
prof
essi
onal
s w
ho w
ork
with
col
lege
stu
dent
s w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s in
post
seco
ndar
y ed
ucat
ion
and
empl
oym
ent.
The
gui
de s
ugge
sts
way
s th
at a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy m
ay im
prov
e an
d ex
pand
the
acad
emic
, car
eer,
and
em
ploy
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
s of
stu
dent
s w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s.
Wha
tis
ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
?
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
is a
ny d
evic
e or
proc
ess
that
ass
ists
a p
erso
n w
ith a
disa
bilit
y to
do
som
ethi
ng th
at c
ould
othe
rwis
e be
diff
icul
t or
impo
ssib
le to
acco
mpl
ish.
Wha
tis
an
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
eval
uatio
n?
An
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
eva
luat
ion
isth
e pr
oces
s of
det
erm
inin
g w
hich
dev
ice
best
mat
ches
the
pers
on's
nee
ds a
ndpr
efer
ence
s.
8
Who
is th
is g
uide
des
igne
d to
ass
ist?
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
ors
who
ref
er s
tude
nts
for
post
seco
ndar
y tr
aini
ng,
prom
ote
tran
sitio
n to
em
ploy
men
t, an
d co
nsul
t with
pot
entia
lem
ploy
ers.
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
ors
who
pro
mot
e ca
mpu
s lif
e an
d ac
adem
ic s
ucce
ss fo
r st
uden
tsw
ith d
isab
ilitie
s.
Car
eer
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
sw
ho p
rom
ote
tran
sitio
n fr
om s
choo
l to
empl
oym
ent a
ndfa
cilit
ate
stud
ent s
umm
er e
mpl
oym
ent.
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rsw
ho r
ecru
it co
llege
gra
duat
es fo
r em
ploy
men
t.
1
9
I= I=
MIIM
M N
MN
M M
I NIE
ME
N
=I I
= M
EM
III1
I= IN
IIMM
to U
se T
his
Gui
de: S
teps
To
Follo
w W
hen
Wor
king
with
a S
tude
nt o
r a
Pote
ntia
l Em
ploy
ee
Step
1: W
ith th
e st
uden
t, de
term
ine
the
abili
ties
and
func
tiona
l lim
itatio
ns.
Exa
mpl
e: S
ue h
as a
spi
nal c
ord
inju
ry a
nd u
ses
aw
heel
chai
r fo
r m
obili
ty b
ut s
he a
lso
has
limite
d us
e of
her
finge
rs fo
r fin
e m
otor
ski
lls. S
he is
kno
wle
dgea
ble
in b
asic
com
pute
r w
ord
proc
essi
ng a
nd c
an p
oint
her
fing
er a
ndty
pe w
ith o
ne h
and.
Usi
ng th
is p
roce
ss, S
ue fi
nds
that
she
fatig
ues
easi
ly.
Step
2: D
eter
min
e w
hat t
he d
isab
ility
pre
vent
sor
impa
irs
the
stud
ent f
rom
doi
ng th
at h
e/sh
e w
ould
like
to d
o.E
xam
ple:
Sue
type
s to
o sl
owly
and
wan
ts to
incr
ease
her
spee
d an
d ab
ility
to w
ork
with
out f
atig
ue. S
he w
ould
als
olik
e to
impr
ove
her
accu
racy
on
the
com
pute
r as
she
som
etim
es s
trik
es e
xtra
key
s.
Step
3: I
n th
e G
uide
, ref
er th
e st
uden
t to
the
rele
vant
type
of
disa
bilit
y. C
heck
the
cate
gori
es o
fsk
ill d
efic
its a
nd th
e po
ssib
le a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gyso
lutio
ns.
Exa
mpl
e: S
ue m
ight
look
und
er O
rtho
pedi
c/M
obili
tyIm
pairm
ents
(0/
MI)
and
inve
stig
ate
wor
d pr
edic
tion
prog
ram
s, m
odifi
catio
n of
key
boar
d co
ntro
l sys
tem
s, a
ndal
tern
ate
inpu
t dev
ices
. Sue
can
use
the
Def
initi
on o
fT
erm
s se
ctio
n to
lear
n m
ore
abou
t wor
ds th
at a
reun
fam
iliar
.
Step
4: R
efer
the
stud
ent t
o th
e cr
oss-
code
dsp
ecia
lists
list
ed u
nder
the
case
stu
dy f
or e
ach
type
of d
isab
ility
. Not
e th
e qu
estio
ns in
the
boxe
s an
den
cour
age
the
stud
ent t
o co
ntac
t the
spe
cial
ists
that
are
cros
s co
ded.
Exa
mpl
e: S
ue m
ight
not
e th
e co
des
for
spec
ialis
ts in
the
case
stu
dy a
nd r
efer
to th
e S
peci
alis
ts s
ectio
n. S
he m
ayne
ed to
con
tact
an
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
spe
cial
ist (
AT
S)
and/
or
an o
ccup
atio
nal t
hera
pist
(O
T).
She
may
nee
d to
talk
to h
er v
ocat
iona
l reh
abili
tatio
n co
unse
lor
(VR
) fo
rm
ore
info
rmat
ion
and/
or r
efer
ral t
o th
e sp
ecia
lists
.
Step
5: P
rovi
de th
e st
uden
t with
app
ropr
iate
reso
urce
s fr
om th
e lis
t und
er R
esou
rces
or
the
stat
eof
fice
s lis
ted
unde
r St
ate
Tec
h A
ct.
Exa
mpl
e: S
ue m
ight
sea
rch
the
Res
ourc
es s
ectio
n to
cont
act t
he S
tate
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Offi
ce,
RE
SN
A, o
r A
HE
AD
for
mor
e in
form
atio
n. S
he m
ay w
ant
to jo
in a
LIS
TS
ER
V d
iscu
ssio
n gr
oup
such
as
EA
SI f
oran
swer
s to
her
spe
cific
tech
nolo
gy q
uest
ions
. Her
Sta
teT
ech
Act
Offi
ce m
ay b
e ab
le to
pro
vide
ass
istiv
ete
chno
logy
dev
ices
on
loan
for
a tr
ial p
erio
d.
Step
6: R
evie
w th
e C
heck
Lis
t for
Car
eer
Plan
ning
with
the
stud
ent.
Exa
mpl
e: S
ueca
n re
view
the
Car
eer
Che
cklis
t to
dete
rmin
e if
she
has
com
plet
ed a
ll th
e st
eps
impo
rtan
t to
succ
essf
ul tr
ansi
tion
to e
mpl
oym
ent.
Fro
m th
e ch
eckl
ist,
she
may
find
that
she
doe
s no
t kno
w th
e en
try
leve
lre
quire
men
ts o
f her
car
eer
choi
ce a
nd w
ill n
eed
toco
nduc
t an
info
rmat
iona
l int
ervi
ew w
ith s
omeo
ne w
ho is
empl
oyed
in a
sim
ilar
job.
102
111
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y C
ateg
orie
s
Ada
ptiv
e co
mpu
ter
appl
icat
ions
inpu
t and
out
put d
evic
es (
voic
e, b
raill
e), a
ltern
ate
acce
ss a
ids
(hea
dstic
ks, l
ight
poi
nter
s), l
arge
-prin
tsc
reen
s, m
odifi
ed o
r al
tern
ate
keyb
oard
s, s
witc
hes,
spec
ial s
oftw
are
that
ena
ble
pers
ons
with
phy
sica
l,se
nsor
y, o
r co
gniti
ve d
isor
ders
to u
se a
com
pute
r
Aid
s fo
r co
mm
unic
atio
nhe
arin
g ai
ds, T
DD
s, a
nd a
ugm
enta
tive
and
alte
rnat
ive
com
mun
icat
ion
devi
ces
that
pro
vide
a m
eans
for
expr
essi
ve a
nd r
ecep
tive
com
mun
icat
ion
for
pers
ons
with
sen
sory
, com
mun
icat
ion,
or
cogn
itive
dis
orde
rs
Aid
s fo
r da
ily li
ving
self-
help
aid
s fo
r us
ein
activ
ities
suc
h as
eat
ing,
bath
ing,
coo
king
, dre
ssin
g, to
iletin
g, a
nd h
ome
mai
nten
ance
for
pers
ons
with
phy
sica
l, se
nsor
y, o
rco
gniti
ve d
isor
ders
Env
ironm
enta
l con
trol
sys
tem
spr
imar
ily e
lect
roni
c sy
stem
s th
at e
nabl
e pe
rson
sw
ith p
hysi
cal o
r se
nsor
y di
sord
ers
to c
ontr
ol v
ario
usap
plia
nces
, ele
ctro
nic
aids
, and
sec
urity
sys
tem
s in
thei
rro
om, h
ome,
or
othe
r su
rrou
ndin
gs
Hom
e/w
ork
site
mod
ifica
tions
stru
ctur
al a
dapt
atio
ns o
r fa
bric
atio
ns in
the
hom
e,w
orks
ite, o
r ot
her
area
(ra
mps
, lift
s, b
athr
oom
cha
nges
,2
visu
al a
lert
ing
syst
ems)
that
rem
ove
or r
educ
e ph
ysic
alba
rrie
rs fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith p
hysi
cal,
sens
ory,
or
cogn
itive
diso
rder
s3
Pro
sthe
tics
and
orth
otic
sre
plac
emen
t, su
bstit
utio
n, o
r au
gmen
tatio
n of
mis
sing
or
mal
func
tioni
ng b
ody
part
s w
ith a
rtifi
cial
lim
bs o
r ot
her
orth
otic
aid
s (s
plin
ts, b
race
s) fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith p
hysi
cal
diso
rder
s
Sea
ting
and
posi
tioni
ngac
com
mod
atio
ns to
a w
heel
chai
r or
oth
er s
eatin
g sy
stem
to p
rovi
de g
reat
er b
ody
stab
ility
, tru
nk/h
ead
supp
ort a
ndan
upr
ight
pos
ture
, and
red
uctio
n of
pre
ssur
e on
the
skin
surf
ace
(cus
hion
s, c
onto
ur s
eats
, lum
bar)
for
pers
ons
with
mob
ility
impa
irmen
ts
Whe
elch
airs
/mob
ility
aid
sm
anua
l and
ele
ctric
whe
elch
airs
, mob
ile b
ases
for
cust
omch
airs
, wal
kers
, thr
ee-w
heel
sco
oter
s, a
nd o
ther
util
ityve
hicl
es fo
r in
crea
sing
per
sona
l mob
ility
Veh
icle
mod
ifica
tions
adap
tive
driv
ing
aids
, han
d co
ntro
ls, w
heel
chai
r an
d ot
her
lifts
, mod
ified
van
s, o
r ot
her
mot
or v
ehic
les
used
for
pers
onal
tran
spor
tatio
n fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith p
hysi
cal
diso
rder
s
Ada
pted
from
: The
Pro
visi
on o
f Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y in
Reh
abili
tatio
n (p
. 109
) by
Sev
ente
enth
Inst
itute
on
Reh
abili
tatio
n Is
sues
, 199
0, F
ayet
tevi
lle: A
rkan
sas
Res
earc
h an
d T
rain
ing
Cen
ter
inV
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
n
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
is a
pro
cess
as m
uch
as a
pro
duct
.
fly
0 II
M E
MM
EN
MO
MN
MI
NU
MM
I= O
M
/31
ME
NM
NM
NE
NM
IN
MI
II1M
I NM
NM
NM
OM
UM
MN
MI 1
E1
Poin
ts f
or C
onsi
dera
tion
of T
echn
olog
y O
pti n
s
Ser
vice
pro
vide
rs w
ho w
ork
with
col
lege
stu
dent
s w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s ne
ed a
war
enes
s of
ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
aid
s an
d de
vice
s th
atw
ill im
prov
e th
e st
uden
t's a
cade
mic
suc
cess
and
car
eer
oppo
rtun
ities
, and
incr
ease
the
cand
idat
e's
qual
ifica
tions
for
empl
oym
ent.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
or
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
may
:
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
or
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
may
:-
adva
nce
cons
ider
atio
ns fo
r po
stse
cond
ary
educ
atio
n°
incr
ease
car
eer
oppo
rtun
ities
° in
crea
se s
tude
nt in
depe
nden
ce°
reso
lve
tran
spor
tatio
n is
sues
° ac
com
plis
h ac
tiviti
es o
f dai
ly li
ving
° ad
vanc
e ac
adem
ic s
tand
ing
° in
crea
se s
tude
nt in
depe
nden
ce°
furt
her
time-
man
agem
ent s
kills
° al
low
equ
al a
cces
s to
the
cam
pus
envi
ronm
ent
° in
crea
se p
artic
ipat
ion
in c
lass
room
act
iviti
es
Car
eer
Serv
ices
Cou
nsel
or
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
may
:
Em
ploy
men
t -ec
ruite
r
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
may
:°
expa
nd c
hoic
e of
maj
ors
° in
crea
se c
aree
r op
port
uniti
es°
incr
ease
par
t-tim
e jo
b op
port
uniti
es°
impr
ove
job
sear
ch s
kills
- im
prov
e op
port
uniti
es to
qua
lify
for
entr
y le
vel
empl
oym
ent
° en
able
to p
erfo
rm e
ssen
tial j
ob fu
nctio
nsal
low
equ
al a
cces
s to
the
wor
kpla
ce
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
con
side
ratio
ns s
houl
d ce
nter
on
the
need
sf t
he i
divi
dual
.W
hat d
oes
the
disa
bilit
y pr
even
t or
impa
ir th
e st
uden
t fro
m d
oing
?
144
15
16
Blin
dnes
s/V
isua
l Im
pairm
ents
Ove
r 4.
3 m
illio
n A
mer
ican
s ha
ve s
ome
type
of v
isua
l im
pairm
ent.
Vis
ual i
mpa
irmen
ts in
clud
e bl
indn
ess
and
othe
r di
sord
ers
that
may
affe
ct th
e ce
ntra
l vis
ion
acui
ty, t
he fi
eld
of v
isio
n, c
olor
per
cept
ion,
or
bino
cula
r vi
sual
func
tion.
The
Am
eric
an M
edic
alA
ssoc
iatio
n de
fines
lega
l blin
dnes
s as
vis
ual a
cuity
not
exc
eedi
ng 2
0/20
0 in
the
bette
r ey
e w
ith c
orre
ctio
n, o
r a
limit
in th
e fie
ld o
fvi
sion
that
is le
ss th
an a
20
degr
ee a
ngle
(tu
nnel
vis
ion)
. Leg
al b
lindn
ess
may
be
caus
ed b
y tu
mor
s, in
fect
ions
, inj
urie
s,re
trol
enta
l fib
ropl
asia
, cat
arac
ts, g
lauc
oma,
dia
bete
s, v
ascu
lar
impa
irmen
ts, o
r m
yopi
a. T
he r
esul
ting
func
tiona
l lim
itatio
ns w
illva
ry w
idel
y, a
s w
ill th
e as
sist
ive
tech
nolo
gy a
nd m
obili
ty a
ids
reco
mm
ende
d. S
ome
stud
ents
may
not
req
uire
spe
cial
mob
ility
assi
stan
ce; s
ome
may
cho
ose
a si
ghte
d gu
ide;
oth
ers
may
use
a w
hite
can
e. S
till o
ther
s m
ay c
hoos
e to
use
a d
og g
uide
, whi
ch(le
gally
) m
ay a
ccom
pany
the
owne
r an
ywhe
re. A
lthou
gh a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy p
resc
riptio
ns a
re h
ighl
y in
divi
dual
ized
for
visu
alim
pairm
ents
, gen
eral
sol
utio
n ca
tego
ries
are
pres
ente
d as
a b
egin
ning
dis
cuss
ion
poin
t.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsm
°411
1111
w-
Pos
sibl
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ion
Incr
ease
d se
nsiti
vity
to g
lare
Gla
re r
educ
ing
scre
enD
arke
ned
room
or
wor
k st
atio
nR
ever
sed
pola
rity
(whi
te le
tters
; bla
ck s
cree
n)C
olor
tran
spar
enci
es
Inab
ility
to s
ee s
mal
l tex
t and
gra
phic
sO
ptic
al a
ids
mag
nify
ing
glas
ses
smal
l han
d he
ld te
lesc
opes
Scr
een
mag
nific
atio
n ov
erla
ysLa
rge
mon
itor
(17"
or
larg
er)
Scr
een
read
ing
prog
ram
with
spe
ech
synt
hesi
zer
and
head
phon
esC
lose
d ci
rcui
t tel
evis
ion
(CC
TV
)La
rge
prin
t sof
twar
e
5
117
MI=
IIM
IIIIN
IMIIN
IMM
INIO
NIM
ININ
INE
MIN
UM
MIN
O
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsP
ossi
ble
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
n
Blin
d, w
ith n
o lig
ht p
erce
ptio
nC
ompu
ter
with
larg
e ha
rd d
rive
and
larg
e ca
paci
tym
emor
y ba
nks
Boo
ks o
n au
dio
tape
Bra
illed
doC
umen
ts/b
ooks
Scr
een
read
er w
ith s
peec
h sy
nthe
size
r an
d he
adph
ones
Sca
nner
with
opt
ical
cha
ract
er r
ecog
nitio
n (O
CR
)R
efre
shab
le b
raill
e di
spla
ysB
raill
e tr
ansl
atin
g so
ftwar
e, b
raill
e pr
inte
rsB
raill
e no
teta
kers
Tap
e re
cord
er w
ith in
dexi
ng c
apab
ility
Mob
ility
that
ens
ures
saf
e tr
avel
Wid
e ai
sles
with
out o
bsta
cles
Long
tele
scop
ing
cane
s, la
ser
cane
sG
uide
dog
sE
lect
roni
c tr
avel
aid
sB
raill
ed s
igna
geT
actil
e bu
ildin
g an
d flo
or m
arki
ngs
Aud
ible
sig
nals
, ton
esT
actil
e m
aps
Han
dhel
d te
lesc
opes
Nee
ds o
f dai
ly li
ving
Clo
cks,
cal
cula
tors
, sca
les,
etc
. with
spe
ech
outp
utH
ome
med
ical
aid
s w
ith d
igiti
zed
spee
ch o
utpu
tS
peci
al c
ontr
ols
for
appl
ianc
es th
at h
ave
larg
e pr
int o
rha
ve ta
ctua
l mar
king
sB
raill
e-em
boss
ed la
bels
for
mar
king
col
ors,
siz
es o
fcl
othi
ngLa
rge
prin
t and
bra
ille
tele
phon
e bo
ok a
nd c
alen
dars
Larg
e pr
int c
heck
s/ch
eck
book
sW
ritin
g gu
ides
for
chec
ks, a
pplic
atio
n fo
rms,
and
oth
ersi
gnat
ure
need
s
186
19
INS
Cas
e S
tudy
of a
Stu
dent
With
a V
isua
l Im
pairm
ent
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ists
(pa
ge 2
7)w
ho m
ay p
rovi
de te
chno
logy
-rel
ated
info
rmat
ion,
ref
erra
ls, a
nd/o
r so
urce
s of
dev
ices
and
equ
ipm
ent.
Bill
is a
sen
ior
in b
usin
ess
who
has
a c
entr
al v
isio
n lo
ss. F
or th
e re
sulti
ng d
efic
it/fu
nctio
nal l
imita
tion
in v
isua
l acu
ity, h
e us
es a
hand
-hel
d m
agni
fyin
g gl
ass
to r
ead
text
and
a m
onoc
ular
tele
scop
e to
rea
d di
stan
t obj
ects
. He
has
his
own
com
pute
r an
dun
ders
tand
s th
e ba
sic
com
pute
r op
erat
ions
. Bill
wan
ts to
red
uce
the
erro
rs h
e m
akes
in r
eadi
ng a
nd in
crea
se th
e le
ngth
of t
ime
that
he
is a
ble
to r
ead
with
out f
atig
ue.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
esta
blis
h th
e st
uden
t in
com
petit
ive
empl
oym
ent.
Wha
t lim
itatio
ns d
oes
the
disa
bilit
y po
se fo
r th
e st
uden
t'sem
ploy
men
t? (
AT
S),
(C
P)
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
biec
tive:
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
his
acad
emic
sta
ndin
gan
d co
mpl
etio
n of
req
uire
d co
llege
cou
rse
wor
k.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy fa
cilit
ate
the
stud
ent's
capa
city
for
long
er s
tudy
tim
e? (
AT
S)
2120
Car
eer
Serv
ices
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
prov
ide
care
er c
ouns
elin
g ba
sed
on th
e st
uden
t'sin
tere
sts
and
abili
ties.
Wou
ld te
chno
logy
incr
ease
the
stud
ent's
car
eer
optio
nsan
d ab
ility
to p
erfo
rm th
e es
sent
ial j
ob fu
nctio
ns in
the
care
er h
e ha
s ch
osen
? (V
R),
(A
TS
)
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rO
bjec
tive:
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
° W
ould
ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
qua
lify
him
for
empl
oym
ent?
(AT
S),
(V
R)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y So
lutio
nB
ill w
as r
efer
red
to a
n as
sist
ive
tech
nolo
gy s
peci
alis
t. B
ecau
se h
e ha
d a
com
pute
r an
d ha
d so
me
usab
le v
isio
n, th
e sp
ecia
list
reco
mm
ende
d th
e pu
rcha
se a
nd tr
aini
ng fo
r a
spee
ch s
ynth
esiz
ed s
cree
n re
ader
with
hea
dpho
nes.
Dur
atio
n an
d ac
cura
cy fo
rre
adin
g w
ere
incr
ease
d.
22
8
23
Dea
fnes
s/H
earin
g Im
pairm
ents
Ove
r 20
mill
ion
Am
eric
ans
have
a h
earin
g im
pairm
ent o
f som
e ty
pe. A
hea
ring
impa
irmen
t is
any
type
or
degr
ee o
f aud
itory
impa
irmen
t whi
le d
eafn
ess
is a
n in
abili
ty to
use
hea
ring
as a
mea
ns o
f com
mun
icat
ion.
Hea
ring
loss
may
be
sens
orin
eura
l,w
hich
mea
ns o
ne h
as d
iffic
ulty
in in
terp
retin
g so
unds
; con
duct
ive,
whi
ch m
eans
one
has
diff
icul
ty in
hea
ring
soun
ds; o
r a
mix
edim
pairm
ent,
invo
lvin
g bo
th s
enso
rineu
ral a
nd c
ondu
ctiv
e. H
earin
g lo
ss is
mea
sure
d in
dec
ibel
s an
d m
ay b
e m
ild, m
oder
ate,
or
prof
ound
. A p
erso
n w
ho is
bor
n w
ith a
hea
ring
loss
may
hav
e la
ngua
ge d
efic
ienc
ies
and
exhi
bit p
oor
voca
bula
ry a
nd s
ynta
x.M
any
stud
ents
with
hea
ring
loss
may
use
hea
ring
aids
and
rel
y on
lip
read
ing.
Oth
ers
may
req
uire
an
inte
rpre
ter.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsP
ossi
ble
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
ns
Inab
ility
to r
ecei
ve a
ny in
form
atio
n in
audi
tory
form
Tex
t tel
epho
neR
elay
ser
vice
s fo
r pl
acin
g ca
llsC
ompu
ter-
assi
sted
acc
ess
to te
xt te
leph
one
Tel
epho
ne a
nsw
erin
g m
achi
ne w
ith te
xt te
leph
one
FA
X c
omm
unic
atio
nE
lect
roni
c m
ail
Vis
ual c
ues
for
audi
tory
pro
mpt
sC
ompu
ter-
aide
d tr
ansc
riptio
nS
igna
ling
syst
emC
aptio
ning
sys
tem
sS
ign
lang
uage
trai
ning
24
9
25
MT
hM
MIII
IM M
IMI=
MN
I= M
N =
I
Poss
ible
Def
icits
Poss
ible
Tec
hnol
ogy
Solu
tions
Inab
ility
to h
ear
audi
tory
info
rmat
ion
with
back
grou
nd n
oise
Inab
ility
to d
iscr
imin
ate
soun
ds o
fco
nson
ants
in a
udito
ry in
form
atio
n
FA
X c
omm
unic
atio
nE
lect
roni
c m
ail
Hea
dpho
nes
with
jack
Tel
epho
ne a
mpl
ifier
Hea
ring
aids
Ele
ctro
nic
ampl
ifica
tion
syst
ems
Ass
istiv
e lis
teni
ng d
evic
es (
ALD
)C
aptio
ning
sys
tem
sV
isua
l cue
s fo
r au
dito
ry p
rom
pts
App
ropr
iate
ligh
t for
lip
read
ing
Lim
ited
or p
oor
spee
chG
ram
mar
che
ck s
oftw
are
Spe
ll ch
eck
Wor
d pr
edic
tion
prog
ram
sS
peec
h ou
tput
voi
ce b
ox
Nee
ds o
f dai
ly li
ving
Sig
nalin
g sy
stem
s co
nver
t sou
nd to
vis
ible
, tac
tile,
or v
ibra
ting
sign
als
for:
° do
orbe
lls°
tele
phon
es°
alar
m c
lock
s°
baby
sig
nale
r°
smok
e al
arm
Clip
-on
rear
vie
w d
rivin
g m
irror
to in
crea
sepe
riphe
ral v
iew
ing
area
Inab
ility
to to
lera
te n
oise
Roo
m a
cous
tics
that
abs
orb
soun
dE
ar p
rote
ctio
n
2610
2"
Cas
e S
tudy
of a
Stu
dent
With
a H
earin
g Im
pairm
ent
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ists
(pa
ge 2
7)w
ho m
ay p
rovi
de te
chno
logy
-rel
ated
info
rmat
ion,
ref
erra
ls, a
nd/o
r so
urce
s of
dev
ices
and
equ
ipm
ent.
Jenn
ifer
is a
juni
or w
ho h
as a
hea
ring
impa
irmen
t and
wea
rs h
earin
g ai
ds. S
he fi
nds
it di
fficu
lt to
com
mun
icat
e on
the
tele
phon
e,he
ar w
hat o
ther
s ar
e sa
ying
ove
r ba
ckgr
ound
noi
se, o
r to
dis
crim
inat
e so
unds
of c
onso
nant
s in
con
vers
atio
n. S
he is
hav
ing
trou
ble
follo
win
g cl
ass
disc
ussi
ons,
hea
ring
the
audi
tory
pro
mpt
s on
her
com
pute
r, a
nd is
con
cern
ed a
bout
mee
ting
the
com
mun
icat
ion
requ
irem
ents
in h
er c
aree
r ch
oice
.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
esta
blis
h th
e st
uden
t in
com
petit
ive
empl
oym
ent.
Cou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy im
prov
e he
r em
ploy
men
top
port
uniti
es?
(Au)
, (A
TS
), (
CP
)
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
her
acad
emic
sta
ndin
gan
d co
mpl
etio
n of
req
uire
d co
llege
cou
rse
wor
k.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy fa
cilit
ate
her
clas
spa
rtic
ipat
ion,
com
pute
r ab
ilitie
s, a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
ndi
fficu
lties
? (A
TS
), (
Au)
28
11
29
=M
EM
INN
NM
MIN
On
Mil
Car
eer
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
Obj
ectiv
e:T
o pr
ovid
e ca
reer
cou
nsel
ing
base
d on
the
stud
ent's
inte
rest
s an
d ab
ilitie
s.
Wou
ld te
chno
logy
incr
ease
her
car
eer
optio
ns b
yim
prov
ing
her
com
mun
icat
ion
abili
ties?
(A
u), (
VR
),(A
TS
)
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rO
bjec
tive:
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy im
prov
e he
r qu
alifi
catio
nsfo
r em
ploy
men
t? (
AT
S),
(A
u)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ion
Jenn
ifer
rece
ived
a n
ew e
valu
atio
n by
an
audi
olog
ist a
nd w
as fi
tted
with
hea
ring
aids
that
are
des
igne
d to
red
uce
back
grou
ndno
ise.
She
was
ref
erre
d to
an
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
spe
cial
ist w
ho r
ecom
men
ded
visu
al c
ues
for
audi
tory
pro
mpt
s on
her
com
pute
r. S
he a
lso
purc
hase
d a
tele
phon
e am
plifi
er w
ith v
aria
ble
volu
me
cont
rol.
In h
er c
lass
es s
he is
usi
ng a
ssis
tive
liste
ning
devi
ces
to a
id in
dis
cuss
ions
and
lect
ures
. With
thes
e ai
ds J
enni
fer's
gra
des
have
impr
oved
and
she
is m
ore
conf
iden
t abo
utpu
rsui
ng h
er c
aree
r ch
oice
.
12
30
32
Lear
ning
Dis
abili
ties
(LD
)
It is
est
imat
ed th
at b
etw
een
15-2
0 pe
rcen
t of A
mer
ican
s ha
ve s
ome
type
of l
earn
ing
disa
bilit
y. A
lear
ning
dis
abili
ty is
ape
rman
ent n
euro
logi
cal d
isor
der
that
affe
cts
the
man
ner
in w
hich
info
rmat
ion
is r
ecei
ved,
org
aniz
ed, r
emem
bere
d, a
nd th
enre
trie
ved
or e
xpre
ssed
. Stu
dent
s w
ith le
arni
ng d
isab
ilitie
s po
sses
s av
erag
e to
abo
ve a
vera
ge in
telli
genc
e. T
he d
isab
ility
isde
mon
stra
ted
by a
sig
nific
ant d
iscr
epan
cy b
etw
een
expe
cted
and
act
ual p
erfo
rman
ce in
one
or
mor
e of
the
basi
c fu
nctio
ns:
mem
ory,
ora
l exp
ress
ion,
list
enin
g co
mpr
ehen
sion
, writ
ten
expr
essi
on, b
asic
rea
ding
ski
lls, r
eadi
ng c
ompr
ehen
sion
,m
athe
mat
ical
cal
cula
tion,
or
mat
hem
atic
al r
easo
ning
.
Atte
ntio
n-D
efic
it D
isor
der
(AD
D)
Atte
ntio
n-D
efic
it H
yper
activ
e D
isor
der
(AD
HD
)
AD
D a
nd A
DH
D a
re n
euro
logi
cally
-bas
ed m
edic
al p
robl
ems
char
acte
rized
by
inat
tent
ion,
impu
lsiv
ity, a
nd s
omet
imes
hype
ract
ivity
. The
res
ults
can
lead
to li
felo
ng p
robl
ems.
Lear
ning
dis
abili
ties,
AD
D, a
nd A
DH
D v
ary
from
one
per
son
to a
noth
er a
nd a
re o
ften
inco
nsis
tent
with
in a
n in
divi
dual
.S
tude
nts
may
dem
onst
rate
one
or
mor
e pr
oble
m c
hara
cter
istic
s an
d th
e fo
rm m
ay b
e m
ild, m
oder
ate,
or
seve
re.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
its10
4111
110°
-P
ossi
ble
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
ns
Diff
icul
ty c
ompl
etin
g ta
sks
on ti
me
Com
pute
r so
ftwar
e pr
ogra
ms
that
pro
mot
eor
gani
zatio
n of
wor
k:co
lor
mon
itor/
abili
ty to
cha
nge
back
grou
nd a
ndfo
regr
ound
col
ors
outli
ne w
ith s
hape
s an
d co
lors
colo
r pr
inte
r3
13
JS
IIIIII
MIII
IIIIII
IIIIII
IIIIII
MIN
IIIIII
IIIIII
IMO
SIM
MIII
IIIM
M11
1111
1111
1111
1111
11
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
its°°
4111
11-
Pos
sibl
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ions
Rea
d at
low
er th
an p
oten
tial l
evel
:sl
ow r
eadi
ng r
ate
inac
cura
te c
ompr
ehen
sion
poor
ret
entio
nin
com
plet
e m
aste
ry o
f pho
nics
Poo
r tr
acki
ng s
kills
(ski
p w
ords
, los
e pl
ace,
mis
s lin
es)
Com
pute
r so
ftwar
e pr
ogra
ms
that
pro
mot
e re
adin
gab
ilitie
s:ta
lkin
g an
d la
rge
prin
t wor
d pr
oces
sors
o sc
anne
r w
ith o
ptic
al c
hara
cter
rec
ogni
tion
(OC
R)
syst
emsp
eech
syn
thes
izer
ssc
reen
enl
arge
men
tm
ultis
enso
ry r
eadi
ng p
rogr
am w
ith c
usto
miz
edte
xt s
ize,
bac
kgro
und
and
fore
grou
nd c
olor
s,an
d vo
ice
char
acte
ristic
sT
alki
ng d
ictio
nary
to d
efin
e an
d pr
onou
nce
unfa
mili
ar w
ords
Fou
r-tr
ack
tape
rec
orde
r
Col
or m
onito
r/ch
ange
fore
grou
nd a
nd b
ackg
roun
dco
lor
Writ
e at
low
er th
an p
oten
tial l
evel
:pr
oble
ms
with
org
aniz
atio
n,de
velo
pmen
t of i
deas
and
tran
sitio
nw
ords
diffi
culty
com
mun
icat
ing
mea
ning
poor
sen
tenc
e st
ruct
ure
Fre
quen
t spe
lling
err
ors
Inco
rrec
t gra
mm
ar
Com
pute
r so
ftwar
e pr
ogra
ms
that
pro
mot
e w
ritin
gab
ilitie
s:o
colo
r m
onito
r/ab
ility
to c
hang
e ba
ckgr
ound
and
fore
grou
nd c
olor
sta
lkin
g an
d la
rge
prin
t wor
d pr
oces
sors
outli
ne w
ith s
hape
s an
d co
lors
grap
hics
in p
lace
of w
ords
Spe
ll ch
eck
Wor
d pr
edic
tion
prog
ram
s
Gra
mm
ar c
heck
sof
twar
e
14
3435
36
Gav
ial
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
its41
1111
1P
ossi
ble
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
ns
Pro
blem
s w
ith c
once
ntra
tion
Diff
icul
ty fo
llow
ing
dire
ctio
ns
Dis
trac
tion
redu
cing
mea
sure
s:no
ise
bloc
king
hea
dset
tabl
e to
p di
vide
rs
Dire
ctio
ns in
writ
ing
Poo
r ab
ility
to s
peak
with
flue
ncy
and/
orso
met
imes
to u
nder
stan
d ot
hers
diffi
culty
und
erst
andi
ng o
ral
lang
uage
poor
voc
abul
ary
and
wor
d re
call
diffi
culty
with
pro
noun
cing
mul
tisyl
labi
c w
ords
Com
pute
r so
ftwar
e pr
ogra
ms
that
pro
mot
e ve
rbal
com
mun
icat
ion:
scan
ner
with
opt
ical
cha
ract
er r
ecog
nitio
n (O
CR
)sy
stem
spee
ch s
ynth
esiz
ers
talk
ing
and
larg
e pr
int w
ord
proc
esso
rsT
alki
ng d
ictio
nary
to d
efin
e an
d pr
onou
nce
unfa
mili
ar w
ords
Cas
e S
tudy
of a
Stu
dent
With
a L
earn
ing
Dis
abili
ty a
nd A
ttent
ion-
Def
icit
Dis
orde
r
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ist (
page
27)
who
may
pro
vide
tech
nolo
gy-r
elat
ed in
form
atio
n, r
efer
rals
, and
/or
sour
ces
of d
evic
es a
nd e
quip
men
t.
Ray
is a
juni
or w
ith a
ttent
ion
defic
it di
sord
er. H
e ca
n on
ly r
ead
for
shor
t per
iods
of t
ime
and
has
poor
com
preh
ensi
on a
ndre
tent
ion
of th
e m
ater
ial.
He
depe
nds
on r
eade
rs a
nd ta
pes
for
read
ing
assi
gnm
ents
.
15
=I N
M =
I NM
MN
IMI=
MN
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
esta
blis
h th
e st
uden
t in
com
petit
ive
empl
oym
ent.
Cou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy im
prov
e hi
s re
adin
gco
mpr
ehen
sion
tim
e an
d in
crea
se h
is o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
empl
oym
ent?
(A
TS
), (
LD),
(E
S),
(T
), (
NP
), (
Psy
)
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
his
acad
emic
sta
ndin
gan
d co
mpl
etio
n of
req
uire
d co
llege
cou
rse
wor
k.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy in
crea
se h
is in
depe
nden
cefr
om r
eade
rs a
nd p
rom
ote
his
acad
emic
suc
cess
? (A
TS
),(E
S),
(LD
)
Car
eer
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
Obj
ectiv
e:E
mpl
oym
ent R
ecru
iter
Obj
ectiv
e:T
o pr
ovid
e ca
reer
cou
nsel
ing
base
d on
the
stud
ent's
inte
rest
s an
d ab
ilitie
s.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy in
crea
se h
is c
aree
rop
tions
? (A
TS
), (
LD)
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy im
prov
e hi
s qu
alifi
catio
ns fo
rem
ploy
men
t? (
AT
S),
(V
R)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ion
Ray
was
ref
erre
d to
an
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
spe
cial
ist w
ho r
ecom
men
ded
a m
ultis
enso
ry r
eadi
ng p
rogr
am. R
ay le
arne
d ho
w to
scan
his
rea
ding
mat
eria
l int
o a
com
pute
r eq
uipp
ed w
ith a
voi
ce s
ynth
esiz
er. H
e us
ed a
n op
tical
cha
ract
er r
ecog
nitio
n pr
ogra
mto
con
vert
the
prin
ted
page
to c
ompu
ter
text
. Thi
s pr
ogra
m p
erm
itted
him
to li
sten
to w
ritte
n m
ater
ial,
cust
omiz
e th
e te
xt s
ize,
back
grou
nd a
nd fo
regr
ound
col
or, a
nd th
e vo
ice
char
acte
ristic
s. U
sing
this
tech
nolo
gy, R
ay h
as g
reat
ly in
crea
sed
his
read
ing
time
and
impr
oved
his
com
preh
ensi
on.
16
3839
40
Ort
hope
dic/
Mob
ility
Impa
irmen
ts
A v
arie
ty o
f ort
hope
dic/
mob
ility
-rel
ated
dis
abili
ties
resu
lt fr
om b
irth
such
as
cere
bral
pal
sy, a
ccid
ents
suc
h as
spi
nal c
ord
inju
ry, o
rpr
ogre
ssiv
e ne
urom
uscu
lar
dise
ases
suc
h as
mul
tiple
scl
eros
is. T
hese
disa
bilit
ies
incl
ude
cond
ition
s su
ch a
s sp
ina
bifid
a,am
puta
tion,
mus
cula
r dy
stro
phy,
car
diac
con
ditio
ns, c
ystic
fibr
osis
, par
alys
is, p
olio
/pos
t pol
io,
and
stro
ke. F
unct
iona
l lim
itatio
nsan
d ab
ilitie
s va
ry w
idel
y ev
en w
ithin
one
gro
up o
f dis
abili
ties.
The
env
ironm
ent o
f the
col
lege
cam
pus
and
man
y em
ploy
men
t set
tings
pre
sent
a g
reat
er c
halle
nge
for
indi
vidu
als
with
mob
ility
impa
irmen
ts. M
ore
trav
el is
nec
essa
ry a
nd lo
nger
per
iods
of s
ittin
g ar
e re
quire
d.T
he r
evol
utio
n in
whe
elch
air
desi
gn in
the
past
10 y
ears
can
pro
vide
pro
per
seat
ing,
sta
bilit
y an
d ea
se o
f mob
ility
that
can
avo
id m
any
prob
lem
s co
mm
on to
whe
elch
air
user
s.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsm
mal
lill°
Pos
sibl
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ions
Fat
igue
, lim
ited
phys
ical
exe
rtio
nC
orre
ct k
eybo
ard
posi
tioni
ng, f
lexi
ble
equi
pmen
t in
posi
tioni
ng o
f mon
itors
, key
boar
ds, t
able
tops
Slo
w ty
ping
spe
edW
ord
com
plet
ion
or w
ord
pred
ictio
n pr
ogra
ms
Abb
revi
atio
n ex
pans
ion
prog
ram
s
Inab
ility
to u
se m
ultip
le k
eyst
roke
com
man
dsS
trik
e ke
ys b
y m
ista
ke d
ue to
trem
ors
Bet
ter
gros
s m
otor
than
fine
mot
orde
xter
ity
Mod
ifica
tion
of k
eybo
ard
cont
rol s
yste
ms
Key
guar
d fo
r co
mpu
ter,
cal
cula
tor
17
MM
IIIM
NM
NM
I= M
EM
Ell
MII=
EM
MIE
NN
IM
Pos
sibl
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ions
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
its
Inab
ility
to u
se h
ands
for
inpu
tC
ompu
ter
with
larg
e ha
rd d
rive
and
larg
e ca
paci
tym
emor
y ba
nks
Alte
rnat
e in
put d
evic
es s
uch
as v
oice
rec
ogni
tion
prog
ram
, sca
nner
, hea
dpoi
nter
, mou
th-o
pera
ted
joys
tick
Pag
e tu
rnin
g de
vice
Lim
ited
hand
use
for
inpu
t
Inab
ility
to u
se th
e m
ouse
Alte
rnat
e in
put d
evic
es s
uch
as m
inik
eybo
ard,
trac
kpa
d, to
uch
win
dow
, spl
it ke
yboa
rd, M
orse
cod
ein
put,
trac
k ba
ll
Fin
e m
otor
con
trol
but
lim
ited
gros
sm
ovem
ent
Arm
, wris
t sup
port
s; k
eygu
ards
; min
ikey
boar
d
Lim
ited
mus
cle
stre
ngth
, coo
rdin
atio
n,ra
nge
of m
otio
n, s
tabi
lity
Arm
, wris
t sup
port
sK
eygu
ards
Poo
r po
stur
e an
d bo
dy a
lignm
ent
Cus
tom
ized
sea
ting
and
posi
tioni
ng
Non
ambu
lato
ryW
heel
ed m
obili
ty
Lim
ited
mob
ility
Can
es, c
rutc
hes,
wal
kers
Inab
ility
to a
cces
s tr
ansp
orta
tion
Ada
ptiv
e de
vice
s su
ch a
s ha
nd c
ontr
ols,
ste
erin
gde
vice
s
4218
44
Cas
e S
tudy
of a
Stu
dent
With
an
Ort
hope
dic/
Mob
ility
Impa
irmen
t
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ists
(pa
ge 2
7)w
ho m
ay p
rovi
de te
chno
logy
-rel
ated
info
rmat
ion,
ref
erra
ls, a
nd/o
r so
urce
s of
dev
ices
and
equ
ipm
ent.
Judy
is a
sen
ior
with
a s
pina
l cor
d in
jury
and
use
s a
pow
er w
heel
chai
r fo
r m
obili
ty. S
he p
lans
to g
radu
ate
in th
e sp
ring
with
ade
gree
in a
ccou
ntin
g. G
ood
com
pute
r sk
ills
are
impo
rtan
t to
Judy
's c
aree
r pl
ans
but s
he h
as d
iffic
ulty
ope
ratin
g in
put d
evic
esre
quiri
ng fi
ne m
otor
con
trol
and
pre
ssin
g m
ultip
le k
eys
at th
e sa
me
time.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
esta
blis
h th
e st
uden
t in
com
petit
ive
empl
oym
ent.
Wha
t lim
itatio
ns d
oes
the
disa
bilit
y po
se fo
r he
rem
ploy
men
t? (
OT
), (
AT
S),
(R
E),
(S
M)
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
her
acad
emic
sta
ndin
gan
d co
mpl
etio
n of
req
uire
d co
llege
cou
rse
wor
k.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy fa
cilit
ate
her
keyb
oard
skill
s? (
OT
), (
AT
S),
(V
R),
(R
E),
(S
M)
19
45
III=
NM
MN
MI M
N M
O O
M M
N M
I= II
IIMM
M
Car
eer
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
Obj
ectiv
e:T
o pr
ovid
e ca
reer
cou
nsel
ing
base
d on
the
stud
ent's
inte
rest
s an
d ab
ilitie
s.
Wou
ld te
chno
logy
incr
ease
her
car
eer
optio
ns a
ndab
ility
to p
erfo
rm th
e es
sent
ial j
ob fu
nctio
ns in
the
care
er s
he h
as c
hose
n? (
OT
), (
AT
S),
(R
E),
(S
M)
L
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rO
bjec
tive:
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy im
prov
e he
r qu
alifi
catio
nsfo
r em
ploy
men
t? (
VR
), (
OT
), (
RE
), (
SM
)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ion
Judy
con
tact
ed a
n oc
cupa
tiona
l the
rapi
st a
nd r
ecei
ved
an e
valu
atio
n an
d tr
aini
ng o
n a
softw
are
prog
ram
that
mod
ifies
the
stan
dard
key
boar
d to
elim
inat
e th
e ne
ed to
pres
s m
ore
than
one
key
at a
tim
e. T
he p
rogr
am s
he is
usi
ng a
lso
limits
her
ent
erin
gun
wan
ted
keys
and
has
incr
ease
d he
r sp
eed
and
accu
racy
on
the
com
pute
r. J
udy
cont
acte
d vo
catio
nal r
ehab
ilita
tion
to a
ssis
the
r in
the
purc
hase
of t
he s
oftw
are
prog
ram
s th
at w
ere
esse
ntia
l to
her
empl
oym
ent.
4620
4"
48
Spe
ech
and
Lang
uage
Dis
orde
rs
App
roxi
mat
ely
14 m
illio
n pe
rson
s in
Am
eric
a ha
ve a
spe
ech,
voi
ce, o
r la
ngua
gedi
sord
er. S
peec
h an
d la
ngua
ge d
isor
ders
may
resu
lt fr
om h
earin
g lo
ss, b
irth-
rela
ted
cond
ition
, lea
rnin
g di
sabi
lity,
or
phys
ical
con
ditio
ns. T
hedi
sord
er m
ay r
esul
t in
stut
terin
g,
prob
lem
s w
ith a
rtic
ulat
ion,
voi
ce d
isor
ders
, or
apha
sia.
Indi
vidu
als
with
sev
ere
spee
ch a
nd la
ngua
ge d
isor
ders
may
be
nons
peak
ing.
Aug
men
tativ
e an
d A
ltern
ativ
e C
omm
unic
atio
n (A
AC
) re
fers
to a
ids,
str
ateg
ies
and
tech
niqu
es d
esig
ned
to e
nhan
ce a
per
son'
sex
istin
g co
mm
unic
atio
n sk
ills.
The
se A
AC
sys
tem
s m
ay b
e si
mpl
e di
spla
ys (
pict
ures
or
wor
ds p
rinte
d on
car
dboa
rd d
ispl
ays)
,el
ectr
onic
dev
ices
(vo
ice
outp
ut d
evic
es w
ith s
ynth
esiz
ed o
r di
gitiz
ed s
peec
h) o
r co
mpu
ter
base
d sy
stem
s (v
oice
out
put i
nad
ditio
n to
trad
ition
al c
ompu
ter
func
tions
). A
AC
sys
tem
s ca
n be
ada
pted
to p
rovi
de fo
r th
e sp
ecia
l nee
ds o
f the
indi
vidu
al.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsin
°411
11°'
Pos
sibl
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ions
Lim
ited
spea
king
abi
lity
Aug
men
tativ
e de
vice
s su
ch a
s:pi
ctur
e co
mm
unic
atio
n di
spla
ysco
mpu
ter
with
syn
thes
ized
or
digi
tized
spe
ech
elec
tron
ic c
omm
unic
atio
n ai
ds:
- al
tern
ativ
e in
put m
etho
ds; s
witc
hsc
anni
ng, a
ltern
ate
keyb
oard
s, m
ouse
, joy
stic
k,to
uch
scre
en a
nd/o
r he
adpo
inte
r-
enco
ding
met
hods
; pic
ture
s, a
bbre
viat
ion
expa
nsio
n, a
nd/o
r w
ord
pred
ictio
n-
outp
ut m
etho
ds; p
rint,
synt
hesi
zed
and/
ordi
gitiz
ed s
peec
h
Lim
ited
mot
or s
kills
to o
pera
te c
ompu
ter
Com
mun
icat
ion
devi
ce u
sed
to o
pera
te c
ompu
ter
with
sta
ndar
d ke
yboa
rd
21
1111
0N
MM
O M
O M
NIII
11M
I EN
UM
IMO
MI M
S M
I MO
OS
IIIII
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsP
ossi
ble
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
ns
Lim
ited
mus
cle
cont
rol o
f fin
e m
otor
skill
sA
ltern
ativ
e in
put m
etho
ds s
uch
as s
witc
h w
ithsc
anni
ng, a
ltern
ate
keyb
oard
s, jo
ystic
k, to
uch
scre
en, a
nd/o
r he
adpo
inte
r
Lim
ited
mus
cle
stre
ngth
, coo
rdin
atio
n,ra
nge
of m
otio
n, s
tabi
lity
Arm
, wris
t sup
port
sK
eygu
ards
Lim
ited
use
of h
ands
to o
pera
teco
mpu
ter
Sw
itche
s an
d sw
itch
softw
are
Lim
ited
gros
s m
otor
ski
lls b
ut u
se o
f fin
em
otor
ski
lls to
ope
rate
com
pute
rT
rack
ball
tool
s to
ent
er d
ata
or p
erfo
rm m
ouse
func
tions
Slo
w s
peed
in k
eyst
roke
sW
ord
pred
ictio
n pr
ogra
ms
Lim
ited
loud
ness
leve
lV
oice
am
plifi
catio
n de
vice
Hea
ring
loss
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ions
Dev
ice
for
the
Dea
f (T
DD
)R
elay
ser
vice
s fo
r pl
acin
g ca
lls
Inab
ility
to u
se te
leph
one
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ions
Dev
ice
for
the
Dea
f (T
DD
)R
elay
ser
vice
s fo
r pl
acin
g ca
lls
5022
51
Cas
e St
udy
f a
St d
ent
ith a
Spe
ech
and
Lan
guag
e D
isor
der
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ists
(pa
ge 2
7)w
ho m
ay p
rovi
de te
chno
logy
-rel
ated
info
rmat
ion,
ref
erra
ls, a
nd/o
r so
urce
s of
dev
ices
and
equi
pmen
t.
Pat
ricia
has
cer
ebra
l pal
sy a
nd is
una
ble
to c
omm
unic
ate
oral
ly in
conv
ersa
tion.
She
has
lim
ited
mus
cle
cont
rol o
f her
han
ds b
ut
can
use
one
finge
r to
inpu
t on
a co
mpu
ter
keyb
oard
. Her
com
mun
icat
ion
need
s ha
ve c
hang
ed r
apid
ly s
ince
she
enro
lled
in
colle
ge a
nd b
egan
to m
ake
care
er d
ecis
ions
for
futu
re e
mpl
oym
ent.
Alth
ough
Pat
ricia
und
erst
ands
cle
arly
wha
t oth
ers
are
sayi
ng, s
he is
una
ble
to e
xpre
ss h
er th
ough
ts a
dequ
atel
y.S
he n
eeds
to b
e ab
le to
com
mun
icat
e ef
fect
ivel
y w
ith o
ther
s be
fore
mak
ing
final
car
eer
plan
s an
d en
terin
g th
e jo
b se
arch
.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
To
esta
blis
h th
e st
uden
t in
com
petit
ive
empl
oym
ent.
Cou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy in
crea
se h
er e
mpl
oym
ent
oppo
rtun
ities
? (S
/LP
), (
AT
S)
.111
11=
11.
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
biec
tive:
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
her
acad
emic
sta
ndin
g an
dco
mpl
etio
n of
req
uire
d co
llege
cou
rse
wor
k.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy p
rovi
de h
er w
ith a
func
tiona
lco
mm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
that
will
allo
w h
er to
com
plet
e he
rco
llege
req
uire
men
ts?
(S/L
P),
(V
R)
52.
23
53
IMIIM
M=
I NM
NM
=IM
O=
Ern
MIN
NIN
E
Car
eer
Ser
vice
s C
ouns
elor
Obj
ectiv
e:T
o pr
ovid
e ca
reer
cou
nsel
ing
base
d on
the
stud
ent's
inte
rest
s an
d ab
ilitie
s.
Wou
ld te
chno
logy
incr
ease
her
car
eer
optio
ns b
yim
prov
ing
her
com
mun
icat
ion
abili
ties?
(S
/LP
), (
VR
)
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rO
bjec
tive:
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
Wou
ld a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy q
ualif
y he
r fo
r em
ploy
men
tby
pro
vidi
ng a
func
tiona
l com
mun
icat
ion
syst
em?
(S/L
P),
(V
R)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y S
olut
ion
Pat
ricia
was
ref
erre
d fo
r an
eva
luat
ion
to a
spe
ech
and
lang
uage
pat
holo
gist
with
spe
cial
trai
ning
in a
ugm
enta
tive
and
alte
rnat
ive
com
mun
icat
ion
(AA
C).
It w
as d
eter
min
ed th
at s
he n
eede
d a
com
mun
icat
ion
syst
em w
ith v
oice
out
put a
nd a
sys
tem
that
wou
ld b
e po
rtab
le to
take
to c
lass
es a
nd u
se in
a fu
ture
em
ploy
men
t set
ting.
She
als
o ne
eded
a s
yste
m w
ith p
rint
capa
bilit
ies.
She
is n
ow c
omfo
rtab
le c
omm
unic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s an
d fe
els
that
she
has
gre
atly
incr
ease
d he
r ca
reer
oppo
rtun
ities
. 54
24
Oth
er D
isab
ilitie
s
Man
y st
uden
ts h
ave
disa
bilit
ies
that
do
not n
eces
saril
y fa
ll in
to th
e m
ajor
cat
egor
ies
alre
ady
disc
usse
d in
this
gui
de. T
hede
gree
to w
hich
thes
e di
sabi
litie
s af
fect
indi
vidu
als
in th
e ac
adem
ic o
r em
ploy
men
t set
ting
vary
wid
ely.
At t
imes
it is
not
the
cond
ition
itse
lf bu
t the
med
icat
ion
that
is r
equi
red
to c
ontr
ol s
ympt
oms
that
impa
irs a
cade
mic
or
wor
k pe
rfor
man
ce.
Com
mon
sid
e ef
fect
s of
med
icat
ions
incl
ude
fatig
ue, m
emor
y lo
ss, s
hort
ened
atte
ntio
n sp
an, l
oss
of c
once
ntra
tion,
and
drow
sine
ss. I
n so
me
case
s th
e de
gree
of i
mpa
irmen
t may
var
y fr
om ti
me
to ti
me
beca
use
of th
e na
ture
of t
he d
isab
ility
or
the
med
icat
ion.
Som
e co
nditi
ons
are
prog
ress
ive;
oth
ers
may
be
stab
le. M
any
are
invi
sibl
e. A
par
tial l
ist o
f oth
er d
isab
ilitie
sin
clud
es: A
IDS
, art
hriti
s, a
sthm
a, b
urns
, can
cer,
car
diov
ascu
lar
diso
rder
s, d
iabe
tes
mel
litus
, epi
leps
y, p
sych
olog
ical
dis
orde
rs,
and
chro
nic
pain
.
Pos
sibl
e D
efic
itsR
imai
lw°
Pos
sibl
elec
hnol
ogy
Sol
utio
ns
Lim
itatio
ns in
oth
er d
isab
ilitie
s va
ryw
idel
y an
d m
ay d
epen
d on
whe
ther
the
disa
bilit
y is
tem
pora
ry, p
rogr
essi
ve, o
rst
abili
zed.
Som
e lim
itatio
ns m
ay b
e th
ere
sult
of m
edic
atio
n ne
cess
ary
to c
ontr
olsy
mpt
oms.
Man
y fu
nctio
nal l
osse
s m
aybe
sim
ilar
to th
ose
liste
d el
sew
here
inth
is g
uide
and
may
incl
ude:
lim
itatio
nsin
str
engt
h, s
tand
ing,
wal
king
, tol
eran
ceto
tem
pera
ture
cha
nge
or e
xtre
mes
inte
rn p
erat
ure.
Ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
sol
utio
ns m
ay b
e th
e sa
me
asth
ose
liste
d el
sew
here
in th
is g
uide
. Sol
utio
ns w
ould
need
to b
e di
sabi
lity
spec
ific
base
d on
the
indi
vidu
al's
abili
ties
and
need
s. S
olut
ions
for
prob
lem
s re
late
d to
side
effe
cts
of m
edic
atio
n m
ay b
e fo
und
unde
r so
me
ofth
e te
chno
logy
sol
utio
ns fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith le
arni
ngdi
sabi
litie
s. S
olut
ions
for
limita
tions
of s
tren
gth
and
mov
emen
t may
be
foun
d un
der
tech
nolo
gy s
olut
ions
for
pers
ons
with
mob
ility
/ort
hope
dic
impa
irmen
ts.
5657
25
IM IN
N N
M M
I
Cas
e St
udy
of a
Stud
ent W
ith A
syc
holo
gica
l Dis
Cap
italiz
ed in
itial
s in
par
enth
esis
ref
er to
Spe
cial
ist (
page
27)
who
may
pro
vide
tech
nolo
gy-r
elat
ed in
form
atio
n, r
efer
rals
,an
d/or
sou
rces
of d
evic
es a
nd e
quip
men
t.
Vic
is a
sen
ior
maj
orin
g in
bus
ines
s. T
he s
ide
effe
cts
of h
is m
edic
atio
n to
con
trol
dep
ress
ion
incl
ude:
inte
rfer
ence
with
conc
entr
atio
n, d
imin
ishe
d ab
ility
to a
ttend
to lo
ngle
ctur
es, a
nd p
robl
ems
com
plet
ing
assi
gnm
ents
on
time.
Vic
nee
ds to
incr
ease
his
conc
entr
atio
n an
d du
ratio
n of
atte
ntiv
enes
s. H
e al
so w
ants
to b
ecom
e be
tter
orga
nize
dan
d co
mpl
ete
assi
gnm
ents
in a
timel
y m
anne
r.
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
lor
Obj
ectiv
e:
Dis
abili
ty S
ervi
ces
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
1 T
o es
tabl
ish
the
stud
ent i
n co
mpe
titiv
eem
ploy
men
t.
° C
ould
ass
istiv
ete
chno
logy
impr
ove
his
empl
oym
ent
oppo
rtun
ities
? (A
TS
), (
CP
), (
Psy
)
To
assi
st th
e st
uden
t to
impr
ove
his
acad
emic
stan
ding
.
° W
ould
ass
istiv
ete
chno
logy
impr
ove
his
abili
ty to
atte
ndto
cla
ss le
ctur
es, a
nd c
ompl
ete
assi
gnm
ents
on
time?
(AT
S),
(Psy
)
Car
eer
Serv
ices
Cou
nsel
orO
bjec
tive:
Em
ploy
men
t Rec
ruite
rO
bjec
tive:
To
prov
ide
care
er c
ouns
elin
g ba
sed
on th
est
uden
t'sin
tere
sts
and
abili
ties.
° W
ould
tech
nolo
gyin
crea
se h
is c
aree
r op
tions
by
impr
ovin
g hi
s or
gani
zatio
n sk
ills?
(V
R),
(A
TS
)
To
inte
rvie
w a
nd s
ecur
e gr
adua
tes
for
empl
oym
ent.
° W
ould
ass
istiv
ete
chno
logy
impr
ove
his
qual
ifica
tions
for
empl
oym
ent?
(A
TS
)
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y So
loo
n
Vic
rec
eive
d an
ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
eva
luat
ion
and
was
trai
ned
to u
se a
com
pute
r so
ftwar
e pr
ogra
mth
at a
ssis
ted
him
to
orga
nize
his
wor
k. W
ith th
is p
rogr
am h
ecr
eate
d ou
tline
s of
his
mat
eria
ls u
sing
col
ors
and
shap
es to
incr
ease
inte
rest
and
conc
entr
atio
n, a
s w
ell a
s to
impr
ove
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niza
tion
and
timel
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s of
ass
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ents
. Vic
hop
es to
tran
sfer
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spe
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com
pute
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prog
ram
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empl
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ents
ettin
g to
ass
ist h
im to
be
orga
nize
d an
d pr
oduc
ehi
s w
ork
on s
ched
ule.
26.
59
Spad
a H
ats
AT
SA
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Spe
cial
ists
Pro
vide
s as
sist
ive
tech
nolo
gy e
valu
atio
n an
dtr
aini
ng
Au
Aud
iolo
gist
Eva
luat
es a
nd p
resc
ribes
dev
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for
hear
ing
loss
CP
Com
pute
r P
rogr
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erM
odifi
es e
xist
ing
prog
ram
s, d
evel
ops
new
prog
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s, d
eter
min
es u
sefu
lnes
s of
pro
gram
s
ES
Edu
catio
nal S
peci
alis
tsA
sses
ses
spec
ific
educ
atio
nal f
unct
iona
l lev
els
and
lear
ning
pre
fere
nces
LDLe
arni
ng D
isab
ilitie
s S
peci
alis
tA
sses
ses
spec
ific
lear
ning
def
icits
and
reco
mm
ends
acc
omm
odat
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NP
Neu
ro-p
sych
olog
ist
Ass
esse
s sp
ecifi
c ne
urol
ogic
al is
sues
that
may
impe
de le
arni
ng o
r ot
her
cogn
itive
func
tions
0/M
S O
rient
atio
n an
d M
obili
ty S
peci
alis
tsA
sses
ses
the
abili
ty o
f an
indi
vidu
al to
ben
efit
from
such
tech
niqu
es a
s na
viga
tion
cane
s an
dco
mpa
nion
ani
mal
s fo
r pe
ople
who
are
blin
d
60
27
Or
Ort
hotis
tF
its d
evic
es th
at c
ompe
nsat
e fo
r ph
ysic
allim
itatio
ns o
f the
spi
ne a
nd li
mbs
OT
Occ
upat
iona
l The
rapi
stE
valu
ates
mus
cle
cont
rol,
asse
sses
vis
ual a
cuity
,sc
anni
ng p
erce
ptio
n, a
nd fi
elds
; ass
esse
s se
atin
g
Phs
Phy
siat
rist
Spe
cial
izes
in p
hysi
cal a
nd r
ehab
ilita
tive
med
icin
e
Phy
Phy
sici
anD
eter
min
es g
ener
al h
ealth
and
pro
gnos
is
Pro
Pro
sthe
tist
Fits
dev
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that
rep
lace
mis
sing
lim
bs o
r lim
bse
gmen
ts
Psy
Psy
chol
ogis
tE
valu
ates
lear
ning
pot
entia
l and
cou
nsel
ing
need
s
PT
Phy
sica
l The
rapi
stE
valu
ates
phy
sica
l str
engt
h an
d fu
nctio
ning
RE
Reh
abili
tatio
n E
ngin
eer
Eva
luat
es, m
odifi
es, d
esig
ns a
nd fa
bric
ates
cust
omiz
ed d
evic
es
.=
ME
M
RT
Rec
reat
iona
l The
rapi
stP
rom
otes
rec
reat
iona
l and
leis
ure
activ
ities
S/L
P S
peec
h/La
ngua
ge P
atho
logi
stA
sses
ses
com
mun
icat
ion
abili
ties
and
reco
mm
ends
spe
cial
ized
aid
s
SM
Sea
ting
and
Mob
ility
Spe
cial
ist
Eva
luat
es, m
odifi
es, d
esig
ns a
nd fa
bric
ates
seat
ing
and
mob
ility
nee
ds to
impr
ove
func
tion
and
less
en o
r pr
even
t pro
blem
s
SW
Soc
ial W
orke
rD
eter
min
es n
eed
for
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
TT
each
er: S
peci
al e
duca
tion,
cla
ssro
om te
ache
rP
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
on a
cade
mic
per
form
ance
VE
Voc
atio
nal E
valu
ator
Ass
esse
s po
tent
ial f
or e
mpl
oym
ent
VM
Veh
icle
Mod
ifier
Pro
vide
s ve
hicl
e m
odifi
catio
ns a
nd a
sses
ses
pers
on;s
abi
litie
s to
driv
e
VR
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cou
nsel
orA
sses
ses
empl
oym
ent p
oten
tial a
nd id
entif
icat
ion
of c
aree
r go
als
6228
Res
ourc
es
Fun
ding
Age
ncie
sT
his
list r
epre
sent
s a
few
age
ncie
s an
d pr
ogra
ms
that
may
ass
ist w
ith in
form
atio
n or
fund
ing.
Med
icai
dF
eder
ally
spo
nsor
ed s
tate
impl
emen
ted
med
ical
insu
ranc
e pr
ogra
m fo
r S
SI o
r w
elfa
re r
ecip
ient
s.
Med
icar
eF
eder
al m
edic
al in
sura
nce
prog
ram
adm
inis
tere
dby
Soc
ial S
ecur
ity.
Priv
ate
Insu
ranc
eD
eter
min
atio
ns b
ased
on
need
, dia
gnos
is, p
rogn
osis
,an
d ty
pe o
f equ
ipm
ent.
CH
AM
PU
SF
eder
al in
sura
nce
prog
ram
for
mili
tary
per
sonn
elfa
mili
es.
Sta
te V
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
n S
ervi
ces
Ada
ptiv
e de
vice
s to
enh
ance
and
pro
mot
e em
ploy
men
t.
Sta
te E
duca
tion
Ser
vice
sC
hild
ren
ages
3-2
1 se
rved
by
loca
l sch
ool d
istr
ict.
64
29
Ele
ctro
nic
Com
mun
icat
ion
Thi
s lis
t rep
rese
nts
a fe
w o
f the
ele
ctro
nic
mai
lre
sour
ces
for
adap
tive
tech
nolo
gy.
EA
SI:
Equ
al A
cbes
s to
Sof
twar
e an
d In
form
atio
nP
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
abou
t dev
elop
men
ts a
ndad
vanc
emen
ts w
ithin
the
adap
tive
com
pute
r te
chno
logy
field
. To
subs
crib
e se
nd a
n e-
mai
l let
ter
to<
EA
SI@
SJU
VM
.ST
JOH
NS
.ED
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with
the
com
man
dS
UB
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nd y
our
nam
e
Dis
abili
ty S
tude
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ces
in H
ighe
r E
duca
tion
Ser
ves
as a
com
mun
icat
ion
vehi
cle
for
thos
e in
tere
sted
in th
e pr
ovis
ion
of s
ervi
ces
to c
olle
ge s
tude
nts
with
disa
bilit
ies.
To
subs
crib
e se
nd a
n e-
mai
l let
ter
toLI
ST
SE
RV
@U
BV
M.C
C.B
UF
FA
LO.E
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with
the
com
man
dS
UB
SC
RIB
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SS
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OU
RF
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TN
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EY
OU
RLA
ST
NA
ME
Dat
abas
e
AB
LED
AT
AN
atio
nal d
atab
ase
of a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy in
form
atio
n on
over
19,
000
reha
bilit
atio
n pr
oduc
ts a
vaila
ble
on d
isc
orC
D-R
OM
. For
mor
e in
form
atio
n, c
all (
800)
227
-021
6.65
n asti;
Org
eniz
a.ns
Thi
s lis
t rep
rese
nts
only
a fe
w o
f the
man
y or
gani
zatio
ns th
at h
ave
an in
tere
st in
tech
nolo
gy a
nd m
ay p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n,re
ferr
als
or s
ervi
ces.
AH
EA
D A
ssoc
iatio
n on
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n an
d D
isab
ility
P. O
. Box
211
92C
olum
bus,
OH
432
21-0
192
Pho
ne: (
614)
488
-497
2
IBM
Inde
pend
ence
Ser
ies
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
ter
1000
NW
51s
t Str
eet
Boc
a R
aton
, FL
3343
2P
hone
: (80
0) 4
26-4
832
TT
: (80
0) 4
26-4
833
Job
Acc
omm
odat
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Net
wor
k (J
AN
)W
VU
P. 0
. Box
608
0M
orga
ntow
n, W
V 2
6506
Pho
ne: (
304)
293
-718
6 or
(80
0)52
6-72
34
Clo
sing
the
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Ann
ual R
esou
rce
Dire
ctor
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losi
ng th
e G
ap N
ewsl
ette
rP
. O. B
ox 6
8H
ende
rson
, MN
560
44P
hone
: (61
2) 2
48-3
294
RE
SN
AR
ehab
ilita
tion
Eng
inee
ring
and
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
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ocie
ty o
f Nor
th A
mer
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oore
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te 1
540
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ngto
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A 2
2209
Pho
ne: (
703)
524
-668
6T
TY
: (70
3) 5
24-6
639
Tra
ce R
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rch
and
Dev
elop
men
t Cen
ter
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sman
Cen
ter
1500
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hlan
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venu
eM
adis
on, W
I 537
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8) 2
62-6
966
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8) 2
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408
Inte
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wis
c.ed
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abili
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pute
r, In
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ite L
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MS
38-
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A 9
5014
Pho
ne: (
800)
600
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800)
755
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1In
tern
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pple
wds
g@eu
sorld
.com
30
666
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Stat
e T
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Act
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tact
s
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ntee
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ay c
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corr
ect f
or th
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bam
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tate
wid
e T
echn
olog
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cces
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espo
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r A
laba
mia
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outh
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und
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alifo
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Ass
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echn
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yste
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(CA
TS
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ailfo
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abili
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ead
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96.
Col
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hnol
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sssi
stiv
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echn
olog
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of A
lask
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Mou
ntai
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esou
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ncho
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138
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tate
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3477
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534
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tern
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Am
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amoa
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istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
roje
ctD
ivis
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of V
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iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
n7.
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nect
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Ass
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e T
echn
olog
y P
roje
ct B
urea
u of
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ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
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abili
tatio
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ervi
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o P
ago,
Am
eric
an S
amoa
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9910
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6095
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298
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4.A
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p@ao
l.com
Dep
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Del
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ssis
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Tec
hnol
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Initi
ativ
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AT
I)A
rkan
sas
Reh
abili
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ervi
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App
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and
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2201
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INI
IMO
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ssis
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546
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168
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10. F
lorid
a A
llian
ce fo
r A
ssis
tive
Ser
vice
s an
d T
echn
olog
y(F
AA
ST
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ustin
e R
oad
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laha
ssee
, FL
3239
9-06
96P
hone
/TD
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904)
487
-327
8In
tern
et: f
aast
@fr
eene
t.scr
i.fsu
.edu
11. G
eorg
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ools
for
Life
Div
isio
n of
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abili
tatio
n S
ervi
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2 P
each
tree
Str
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NW
Sui
te 2
3-41
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tlant
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hone
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4) 6
57-3
084
TD
D: (
404)
657
-308
5In
tern
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0247
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12. G
uam
Sys
tem
for
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
yU
nive
rsity
Affi
liate
d P
rogr
am-D
evel
opm
enta
lD
isab
ilitie
sH
ouse
#12
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n's
Circ
leU
nive
rsity
of G
uam
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tatio
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m 9
6923
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ne: (
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531
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D: (
671)
734
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tern
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apse
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uog.
edu
7032
13.H
awai
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echn
olog
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rain
ing
and
Ser
vice
(HA
TT
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677
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vard
, Roo
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HI 9
6813
Pho
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DD
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8) 5
32-7
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Inte
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14. I
daho
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olog
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roje
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cow
, ID
838
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208)
885
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15. I
llino
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ssis
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hnol
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Pro
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th S
tree
tS
uite
100
Spr
ingf
ield
, IL
6270
1P
hone
: (21
7) 5
22-7
985
TD
D: (
217)
522
-996
6In
tern
et: i
atp@
cenc
om.n
et
16. I
ndia
na A
.T.T
.A.I.
N. P
roje
ct(A
cces
sing
Tec
hnol
ogy
Thr
ough
Aw
aren
ess
inIn
dian
a)In
dian
a F
amily
and
Soc
ial S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Div
isio
n of
Dis
abiit
y, A
ging
and
Reh
abili
tativ
e S
ervi
ces
402
W. W
ashi
ngto
n S
tree
t, R
oom
W45
3P
.O. B
ox 7
083
Indi
anap
olis
, IN
462
07-7
083
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (80
0) 5
45-7
763
Inte
rnet
:cr
isfu
lford
@in
spec
ed.c
cmai
l.com
puse
rve.
com
17.1
ows
Pro
gram
for
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y (I
PA
T)
Iow
a U
nive
rstiy
Affi
liate
d P
rogr
amU
nive
rsity
Hos
pita
l Sch
ool
Iow
a C
ity, I
A 5
2242
-101
1P
hone
Inst
ate
TD
D: (
800)
348
-719
3P
hone
Nat
iona
l Voi
ce/T
DD
: (80
0) 3
31-3
027
Inte
rnet
: jam
es-h
ardy
@ui
owa.
edu
18. A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
for
Kan
sas
Pro
ject
2601
Gab
riel
P.O
. Box
738
Par
sons
, KS
673
57P
hone
: (31
6) 4
21-8
367
TD
D: (
316)
421
-095
4In
tern
et: c
huck
@pa
rson
s.ls
i.uka
ns.e
du
19. K
entu
cky
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y S
ervi
ce (
KA
TS
)N
etw
ork
P.O
. Box
757
Fra
nkfo
rt, K
Y 4
0602
-075
7P
hone
/TD
D: (
502)
564
-273
3In
tern
et: k
atsn
et@
iglo
u.co
m
20. L
ouis
ana
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y A
cces
s N
etw
ork
(LA
TA
N)
P.O
. Box
141
15B
aton
Rou
ge, L
A 7
0898
-411
5P
hone
: (50
4) 9
25-9
500
Inte
rnet
: lat
anst
ate@
aol.c
om
72
IIIIM
O N
M a
llN
MI
NM
21. M
aine
Con
sum
er In
form
atio
n an
d T
echn
olog
y T
rain
ing
Exc
hang
e (C
ITE
)M
aine
CIT
E C
oord
inat
ing
Cen
ter
Edu
catio
n N
etw
ork
of M
aine
46 U
nive
rsity
Driv
eA
ugus
ta, M
E 0
4330
Pho
neiT
DD
: (20
7) 6
21-3
195
Inte
rnet
: dav
idst
odkf
ord@
dssd
oc.d
dp.s
tate
.
22. M
aryl
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
Pro
gram
(T
AP
)G
oven
or's
Offi
ce fo
r In
divi
dual
s w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s30
0 W
. Lex
ingt
on S
tree
t, B
ox 1
0B
altim
ore,
MD
212
01P
hone
/TD
D: (
410)
333
-497
5In
tern
et: m
dtap
@cl
ark.
net
23.M
assa
chus
etts
Ass
iStiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
artn
ersh
ip(M
AT
P)
MA
TP
Cen
ter
Chi
ldre
n's
Hos
pita
l12
95 B
oyls
ton
Str
eet
Sui
te 3
10B
osto
n, M
A 0
2215
Pho
ne: (
617)
355
-782
0 T
DD
: (61
7) 3
55-7
301
Inte
rnet
: bre
wer
_ju@
attc
h.ha
rvar
d.ed
u
24. M
ichi
gan
TE
CH
200
0 P
roje
ctM
ichi
gan'
s A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
3815
Wes
t St.
Jose
ph H
wy.
Lans
ing,
MI 4
8917
-362
3P
hone
: (51
7) 3
34-6
502
TD
D: (
517)
334
-649
9In
tern
et: t
wis
t@m
rs.m
jc.s
tate
.mi.u
s
33 NM
IMO
OM
SIM
IO
MIII
25.
inne
sota
ST
AR
Pro
gram
300
Cen
tenn
ial B
uild
ing
658
Ced
ar S
tree
tS
t. P
aul,
MN
551
55P
hone
: (61
2) 2
96-2
771
TD
D: (
612)
296
-947
8In
tern
et: m
nsta
rs@
gtee
ns.c
om
26. M
issi
ssip
pi P
roje
ct S
TA
RT
(Suc
cess
Thr
ough
Ass
istiv
e/R
ehab
ilita
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy)
P.O
. Box
169
8Ja
ckso
n, M
S 3
9215
-169
8P
hone
/TD
D: (
601)
987
-487
2In
sta
te o
nly:
(80
0) 8
52-8
328
Inte
rnet
: spo
wer
@ne
tdoo
r co
m
27. M
isso
uri A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
4731
Sou
th C
ochi
se, S
uite
114
Inde
pend
ence
, MO
640
55-6
975
Pho
ne :
(816
) 37
3-51
93T
DD
: (80
0) 6
47-8
558
Inte
rnet
: mat
pmo@
qni.c
om
28. M
onT
EC
H P
rogr
amM
UA
RID
, The
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mon
tana
634
Edd
y A
venu
eM
isso
ula,
MT
598
12P
hone
: (40
6) 2
43-5
676
TD
D: (
800)
732
-032
3In
tern
et: l
eech
@se
lway
.um
t.edu
34
29. N
ebra
ska
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
roje
ct30
1 C
ente
nnia
l Mal
l Sou
thP
.O. B
ox 9
4987
Linc
oln,
NE
685
09-4
987
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (40
2) 4
71-0
734
Inte
rnet
: msc
hultz
@nd
e.4n
de.s
tate
.ne.
us
30. N
evad
a A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Col
labo
rativ
eR
ehab
ilita
tion
Div
isio
nC
omm
unity
Bas
ed S
ervi
ces
711
Sou
th S
tew
art S
tree
tC
arso
n C
ity, N
V 8
9710
Pho
ne: (
702)
687
-445
2T
DD
: (70
2) 6
87-3
388
Inte
rnet
: nvr
each
@gt
eens
.com
31. N
ew H
amps
hire
Tec
hnol
ogy
Par
tner
ship
Pro
ject
Inst
itute
on
Dis
abili
ty#1
4, T
en F
erry
Str
eet
The
Con
cord
Cen
ter
Con
cord
, NH
033
01P
hone
/TD
D: (
603)
224
-063
0In
tern
et: m
jpaw
lek@
chris
ta.u
nh.e
du
32. N
ew J
erse
y T
echn
olog
y A
ssis
tive
Res
ourc
e P
rogr
am(T
AR
P)
135
Eas
t Sta
te S
tree
tC
N 9
38T
rent
on, N
J 08
625
Pho
ne: (
609)
292
-749
8T
DD
: (80
0) 3
82-7
765
Inte
rnet
: njd
vr@
gtee
ns.c
om
33. N
ew M
exic
o T
echn
olog
y A
ssis
tanc
e P
rogr
am43
5 S
t. M
icha
el's
Driv
e, B
uild
ing
DS
anta
Fe,
NM
875
05P
hone
/TD
D: (
505)
827
-353
2In
tern
et: n
mdv
rtap
@ao
l.com
34. N
ew Y
ork
Sta
te T
RA
ID P
roje
ctN
YS
Offi
ce o
f Adv
ocat
e fo
r P
erso
ns w
ith D
isab
ilitie
sO
ne E
mpi
re S
tate
Pla
za, S
uite
100
1A
lban
y, N
ew Y
ork
1222
3-11
50P
hone
: (51
8) 4
74-2
825
TD
D: (
518)
473
-600
5In
tern
et: d
.buc
k@oa
pwd.
stat
e.ny
.us
35. N
orth
Car
olin
a A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
Div
isio
n of
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Ser
vice
s11
10 N
avah
o D
rive,
Sui
te 1
01R
alei
gh, N
C 2
7609
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (91
9) 8
50-2
787
Inte
rnet
: http
://w
ww
2.co
asta
lnet
.com
/cn3
106
36. N
orth
Dak
ota
Inte
rage
ncy
Pro
gram
For
Ass
istiv
eT
echn
olog
y (I
PA
T)
P.O
. Box
743
Cav
alie
r, N
D 5
8220
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (70
1) 2
65-4
807
Inte
rnet
: lee
j @pi
onee
r.st
ate.
nd.u
s
76
35
37. C
omm
onw
ealth
of t
he N
o he
re M
aria
na Is
land
sA
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
Gov
enor
's D
evel
opm
enta
l Dis
abili
ties
Cou
ncil
P.O
. Box
256
5S
aipa
n, M
P 9
6950
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (67
0) 3
22-3
014
Inte
rnet
:dd
.cou
ncil@
saip
an.c
om
38. O
hio
T. R
.A.I.
N.
Ohi
o S
uper
Com
pute
r C
ente
r12
24 K
inne
ar R
oad
Col
umbu
s, O
H 4
3212
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (61
4) 2
92-2
426
Inte
rnet
: dhu
ntt @
mai
lcar
.ovl
.osc
.edu
39. O
klah
oma
AB
LE T
ech
Okl
ahom
a S
tate
Uni
vers
ity W
elln
ess
Cen
ter
1514
W. H
all o
f Fam
e R
oad
Stil
lwat
er, O
K 7
4078
-061
8P
hone
: (40
5) 7
44-9
478
TD
D: (
800)
257
-170
5In
tern
et: m
ljwel
l@ok
way
.oks
tate
.edu
40. O
rego
n T
echn
olog
y A
cces
s T
hrou
gh L
ife N
eeds
(TA
LN)
Pro
ject
Acc
ess
Tec
hnol
ogie
s In
c.12
57 F
erry
Str
eet,
S.E
.S
alem
, OR
973
10P
hone
/TD
D: (
503)
361
-120
1In
tern
et: a
ti@or
ednc
t.org
77
WI N
MIN
EM
IllM
=1W
1111
1OM
M
MI
=IM
MO
NM
IM.
41. P
enns
ylva
nia'
s In
stitu
te o
n A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
(PIA
T)
Inst
itute
on
Dis
abili
tites
/UA
PR
itter
Ann
ex 4
33 (
004-
00)
Tem
ple
Uni
vers
ityP
hila
delp
hia,
PA
191
22P
hone
/TD
D: (
800)
750
-742
8In
tern
et: p
iat@
astr
o.oc
is.te
mpl
e.ed
u
42. P
uert
o R
ico
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
roje
ctU
nive
rsity
of P
uert
o R
ico,
Med
ical
Sci
ence
s C
ampu
sC
olle
ge o
f Rel
ated
Hea
lth P
rofe
ssio
nsD
epar
tmen
t of C
omm
unic
olog
ical
Dis
orde
rsB
ox 3
6506
7S
an J
uan,
PR
009
36P
hone
in P
uert
o R
ico:
(80
0) 9
81-6
033
Pho
ne fr
om U
.S.:
(800
) 49
6-60
35T
DD
: (80
9) 7
54-8
034
Inte
rnet
: pra
tp@
rcm
ad.u
pr.c
lu.e
du
43. R
hode
isla
nd A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
gy A
cces
s P
roje
ct(A
TA
P)
Offi
ce o
f Reh
abili
tatio
n S
ervi
ces
40 F
ount
ain
Str
eet
Pro
vide
nce,
RI 0
2903
-189
8P
hone
: (40
1) 4
21-7
005
Inst
ate
only
: (80
0) 7
52-8
008
TD
D: (
401)
421
-701
6In
tern
et: a
b195
@os
fn.r
hilin
et.g
ov
7836
44. S
outh
Car
olin
a A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
Dep
artm
ent o
f Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
(Lea
d A
genc
y)P
ost O
ffice
Box
15
1410
-C B
osto
n A
venu
eW
est C
olum
bia,
SC
291
71-0
015
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (80
3) 8
22-5
404
Inte
rnet
: sca
tp@
scsn
.net
45. S
outh
ako
ta L
ink
1925
Pla
za B
oule
vard
Rap
id C
ity, S
D 5
7702
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (60
5) 3
94-1
876
Inte
rnet
: rre
ed@
sdtie
.sds
erv.
org
46. T
enne
ssee
Tec
hnol
ogy
Acc
ess
Pro
ject
710
Jam
es R
ober
tson
Par
kway
Gat
eway
Pla
za, 1
1th
Flo
orN
ashv
ille,
TN
372
43-0
675
Pho
ne: (
615)
532
-653
0In
-sta
te o
nly:
(80
0) 7
32-5
059
TD
D: (
615)
532
-661
2In
tern
et: a
kosh
akj@
mai
l.sta
te.tn
.us
47. T
exas
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
artn
ersh
ipT
he U
nive
rsity
of T
exas
at A
ustin
Dep
artm
ent o
f Spe
cial
Edu
catio
nE
DB
306
/353
00A
ustin
, TX
787
12-1
290
Pho
ne: (
800)
828
-783
9T
DD
: (51
2) 4
71-1
844
Inte
rnet
: joh
nz@
utxv
ms.
cc.u
texa
s.ed
u
48. U
.S. V
irgin
isla
nd T
echn
olog
y-R
elat
ed A
ssis
tanc
e fo
rIn
divi
dual
s w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s (T
RA
ID)
#2 J
ohn
Bre
wer
s B
ayS
t. T
hom
as, U
.S. V
I 008
02-0
990
Pho
ne: (
809)
693
-132
3In
tern
et: y
habt
ey@
geck
o.uv
i.edu
49. U
tah
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
rogr
amU
tah
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Cen
ter
for
Per
sons
with
Dis
abili
ties
UM
C 6
855
Loga
n, U
T 8
4322
-685
5P
hone
/TD
D: (
800)
333
-882
4In
tern
et: m
men
love
@cc
.usu
.edu
50. V
erm
ont A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Pro
ject
103
Sou
th M
ain
Str
eet
Wee
ks B
uild
ing,
Firs
t Flo
orW
ater
bury
, VT
056
71-2
305
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (80
2) 2
41-2
620
Inte
rnet
: mik
e@da
d.st
ate.
vt.u
s
51. V
irgin
ia A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sys
tem
(V
AT
S)
8004
Fra
nklin
Far
ms
Driv
eP
.O. B
ox K
-300
Ric
hmon
d, V
A 2
3288
-030
0P
hone
iTD
D: (
804)
662
-999
0In
tern
et: v
atsk
hk@
aol.c
om
8a37
52. W
ashi
ngto
n A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Alli
ance
DS
HS
/DV
RP
.O. B
ox 4
5340
Oly
mpi
a, W
A 9
8504
-534
0P
hone
: (20
6) 6
85-6
836
Inte
rnet
: deb
cook
@u.
was
hing
ton.
edu
53. W
est V
irgin
ia A
ssis
tive
Tec
hnol
ogy
Sys
tem
(W
VA
TS
)U
nive
rsity
Affi
liate
d C
ente
r fo
r D
evel
opm
enta
lD
isab
ilitie
sA
irpor
t Res
earc
h an
d O
ffice
Par
k95
5 H
artm
an R
un R
oad
Mor
gant
own,
WV
265
05P
hone
: (30
4) 2
93-4
692
TD
D: (
304)
293
-469
2In
tern
et: s
tew
iat@
wvn
vm.w
vnet
.edu
54. W
isco
nsin
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y P
rogr
am (
Wis
Tec
h)D
ivis
ion
of V
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
nP
.O. B
ox 7
852
Mad
ison
, WI 5
3707
-785
2P
hone
/TD
D: (
608)
243
-567
4In
tern
et: t
ram
pf@
aol.c
om
55. W
yom
ing'
s N
ew O
ptio
ns in
Tec
hnol
ogy
(WY
NO
T)
Div
isio
n of
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
1100
Her
schl
er B
uild
ing
Che
yenn
e, W
Y 8
2002
Pho
ne/T
DD
: (30
7) 7
77-7
450
Inte
rnet
: wy8
13@
wyd
spro
d.st
ate.
wy.
us
8 1
MIN
II=E
N M
IN M
N N
M N
M O
MIII
IIN
M M
I NM
MN
IIIIII
I= M
IN M
N N
M M
I
Che
ck L
ist f
r C
ompr
ehen
sive
Car
eer
iann
ing
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y is
a c
ompo
nent
in th
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
car
eer
plan
ning
pro
cess
forc
olle
ge s
tude
nts
with
dis
abili
ties.
The
follo
win
g ch
eckl
ist p
rovi
des
a gu
ide
for
serv
ices
that
nee
d to
be
incl
uded
.
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e ad
equa
te c
aree
r de
cisi
on m
akin
g sk
ills?
o H
as th
e st
uden
t res
earc
hed
poss
ible
maj
ors
by:
usin
g th
e co
llege
cat
alog
?
inte
rvie
win
g an
adv
isor
?
join
ing
cam
pus/
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ion?
o H
as th
e st
uden
t res
earc
hed
poss
ible
job
pref
eren
ces
with
in th
e ch
osen
maj
or b
y:co
nduc
ting
info
rmat
iona
l int
ervi
ew w
ith a
pro
fess
iona
l in
the
field
of i
nter
est?
revi
ewin
g ca
reer
exp
lora
tion
book
s su
ch a
s th
e D
OT
, OO
H, G
OE
?
a H
as th
e st
uden
t com
plet
ed c
aree
r ex
plor
atio
nin
vent
orie
s in
clud
ing:
inte
rest
?
pers
onal
ity?
wor
k va
lues
?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e th
e sk
ills
and
abili
ties
nece
ssar
y to
qua
lify
for
the
lob?
o D
oes
the
stud
ent k
now
the
esse
ntia
l job
func
tions
in th
e ch
osen
job
pref
eren
ce?
a C
an th
e st
uden
t per
form
the
entr
y le
vel
requ
irem
ents
?
a D
oes
the
stud
ent h
ave
com
pute
r sk
ills?
Ill82
° H
as th
e st
uden
t had
an
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
eval
uatio
n?
39
NM
NM
I= O
MM
O IO
N M
I=
I NM
UM
' MI I
n I=
MN
NM
ISN
O =
I MI O
M M
I MO
NM
I MN
IMO
IMO
MI
In M
N
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t nee
d lo
b ac
com
mod
atio
ns to
per
form
the
esse
ntia
l fun
ctio
ns?
Has
the
stud
ent h
ad a
cces
s to
nec
essa
ry a
ssis
tive
tech
nolo
gy?
Is th
e st
uden
t aw
are
of o
ptio
ns fo
r pu
rcha
sing
tech
nolo
gy s
uch
as:
pers
onal
res
ourc
es?
Voc
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion?
serv
ice
agen
cies
?
empl
oyer
?
othe
r (in
sura
nce
com
pani
es, V
eter
an's
Adm
inis
trat
ion)
?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t kno
w h
ow to
ask
for
job
acco
mm
odat
ions
?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e ad
equa
te lo
b se
arch
ski
lls?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e a
curr
ent,
prof
essi
onal
res
ume?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t kno
w h
ow to
writ
e a
cove
r le
tter
that
intr
oduc
es h
is/h
er s
kills
?
. Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e di
sabi
lity
disc
losu
re s
kills
?
. Doe
s th
e st
uden
t hav
e in
terv
iew
ski
lls?
. Is
the
stud
ent a
war
e of
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f per
sona
l app
eara
nce?
Doe
s th
e st
uden
t kno
w w
here
to fi
nd jo
b le
ads?
El
. Is
the
stud
ent f
amili
ar w
ith le
gisl
ativ
e ac
ts d
esig
ned
to p
rovi
de a
n eq
ual e
mpl
oym
ent o
ppor
tuni
ty?
[111
8440
85
11
°
Del
finf
rUon
a?
Ter
ms
Abb
revi
atio
n ex
pans
ion
prog
ram
a s
erie
s of
lette
rs,
wor
ds, o
r se
nten
ces
are
assi
gned
to o
ne o
r m
ore
keys
trok
es
Alte
rnat
e ke
yboa
rds
prov
ide
a va
riety
of w
ays
to in
put
info
rmat
ion
into
a c
ompu
ter
Ass
istiv
e lis
teni
ng d
evic
es (
ALD
)am
plify
sou
nd b
yfo
cusi
ng m
icro
phon
e on
the
spea
ker
in p
ublic
situ
atio
ns
Aud
io s
igna
ls, t
ones
tran
smit
a si
gnal
that
can
be
hear
dto
dire
ct th
e pa
th o
f tra
vele
r (u
sual
ly in
pub
lic p
lace
s lik
etr
ain
stat
ions
)
Aug
men
tativ
e an
d A
ltern
ativ
e C
omm
unic
atio
n (A
AC
)ai
ds, s
trat
egie
s, a
nd te
chni
ques
des
igne
d to
enh
ance
ape
rson
's e
xist
ing
com
mun
icat
ion
skill
s
Bra
ille
a sy
stem
dev
elop
ed b
y Lo
uis
Bra
ille
usin
gta
ctile
, rai
sed
dots
as
sym
bols
for
prin
ted
mat
eria
l
Bra
ille
note
take
rsm
all b
atte
ry o
pera
ted
devi
ce w
ith a
brai
lle k
eybo
ard
to e
nter
info
rmat
ion
Bra
ille
prin
ter
spec
ializ
ed p
rinte
r fo
r pr
intin
g ou
tdo
cum
ents
in b
raill
e
Bra
illed
sig
nage
roo
m, f
loor
, or
build
ing
nam
esig
nsem
boss
ed w
ith b
raill
e le
tters
as
dire
ctio
nal c
ues
for
6pe
ople
who
are
blin
d
41
NM
=M
EM
Cal
cula
tor
(tal
king
)de
vice
that
spe
aks
num
bers
as
they
are
ente
red
and
spea
ks th
e m
athe
mat
ical
ans
wer
Cap
tioni
ng s
yste
ms
- pr
ovid
e te
xt m
essa
ges
of d
ialo
gue
on v
ideo
scr
een
Clo
sed
circ
uit t
elev
isio
n (C
CT
V)
scan
s th
e pr
inte
d pa
gew
ith a
spe
cial
tele
visi
on c
amer
a an
d tr
ansf
ers
the
enla
rged
imag
e to
a c
ompu
ter
mon
itor
Com
pute
r ai
ded
tran
scrip
tion
utili
zes
a pe
rson
alco
mpu
ter,
larg
e di
spla
y m
onito
r an
d w
ord-
proc
essi
ngso
ftwar
e to
incr
ease
acc
essi
bilit
y to
pub
lic m
eetin
gs
Com
pute
r-as
sist
ed a
cces
s to
text
tele
phon
epe
rson
alco
mpu
ter
adap
ted
to ta
lk w
ith a
text
tele
phon
e
Dig
itize
d sp
eech
digi
tally
rec
orde
d hu
man
spe
ech
for
audi
tory
out
put
Ele
ctro
nic
ampl
ifica
tion
syst
ems
cont
ain
a m
icro
phon
e,am
plifi
er, a
nd s
peak
er u
sed
to in
crea
se a
cces
s to
com
mun
icat
ion
Ele
ctro
nic
trav
el a
ids
tran
smit
a si
gnal
that
is b
ounc
edba
ck fr
om o
bjec
ts in
the
path
of t
he tr
avel
er o
r m
ay b
e a
wid
e an
gle,
hig
h in
tens
ity li
ght b
eam
Enl
arge
d te
xtha
rdw
are
or s
oftw
are
that
pro
vide
sm
agni
ficat
ion
of c
hara
cter
s on
the
com
pute
r sc
reen
or
inpr
inte
d ou
tput
8F,
soE
Now
or
am u
m a
m o
wF
our-
trac
k ta
pe r
ecor
der
allo
ws
the
user
to a
djus
t the
spee
d
Gra
mm
ar a
nd s
pell
chec
kers
sho
w g
ram
mat
ical
or
spel
ling
erro
rs a
nd o
ffer
sugg
estio
ns to
cor
rect
Hea
dpoi
nter
hea
dset
and
ass
istiv
e so
ftwar
e th
atre
plac
es th
e ke
yboa
rd a
nd m
ouse
to a
llow
a p
erso
n to
cont
rol t
he c
ompu
ter
by p
oint
ing
at a
sca
nnin
g ke
yboa
rd
Key
guar
d a
hard
pla
stic
cov
er w
ith h
oles
for
each
key
desi
gned
to p
reve
nt th
e us
er fr
om s
trik
ing
the
wro
ng k
ey
Larg
e pr
int s
oftw
are
spec
ializ
ed c
ompu
ter
softw
are
that
capt
ures
text
ent
ered
on
keyb
oard
and
incr
ease
the
lette
r si
ze o
n th
e sc
reen
Min
ikey
boar
dsm
all k
eybo
ard
that
allo
ws
a pe
rson
with
limite
d ra
nge
of m
otio
n in
han
ds a
nd a
rms
to c
ontr
ol th
em
ouse
and
type
on
a co
mpu
ter
Mod
ifica
tion
of k
eybo
ard
cont
rol s
yste
mso
ftwar
epr
ogra
ms
that
mod
ify th
e st
anda
rd k
eybo
ard
to s
impl
ifyop
erat
ion
of th
e ke
yboa
rd o
r re
plac
e th
e m
ouse
Mor
se c
ode
inpu
tus
es a
sw
itch
to c
onne
ct to
an
adap
ter
that
tran
slat
es d
ots
and
dash
es in
to s
tand
ard
keyb
oard
sig
nals
Mou
th o
pera
ted
joys
tick
allo
ws
a pe
rson
to e
nter
dat
aor
text
usi
ng a
n on
-scr
een
keyb
oard
88
MI =
I Mai
NM
MI
1111
11N
MI
42
Mul
tisen
sory
rea
ding
pro
gram
allo
ws
the
user
tocu
stom
ize
the
text
siz
e, b
ackg
roun
d an
d fo
regr
ound
colo
rs o
n th
e m
onito
r an
d th
e vo
ice
char
acte
ristic
s
Opt
ical
cha
ract
er r
ecog
nitio
n (O
CR
) so
ftwar
e w
orks
with
a s
cann
er to
con
vert
prin
ted
mat
eria
l int
o a
stan
dard
com
pute
r fil
e
Rea
ding
com
preh
ensi
on p
rogr
ams
assi
st th
e us
er to
impr
ove
read
ing
skill
s
Ref
resh
able
bra
ille
disp
lays
an
exte
rnal
dev
ice
that
allo
ws
info
rmat
ion
on c
ompu
ter
scre
en to
be
disp
laye
din
bra
ille
and
to c
hang
e as
the
user
mov
es th
e cu
rsor
or
disp
lay
win
dow
aro
und
the
scre
en
Rel
ay s
ervi
ces
rela
y bu
reau
s pl
ace
calls
to p
erso
nsw
ho d
o no
t hav
e a
text
tele
phon
e
Sca
nner
con
vert
s te
xt fr
om a
n im
age
from
a p
rinte
dpa
ge to
a c
ompu
ter
file
Scr
een
enla
rgem
ent -
focu
ses
on a
por
tion
of th
e sc
reen
and
enla
rges
it
Scr
een
read
er s
oftw
are/
hard
war
e ap
plic
atio
ns th
atco
nver
t com
pute
r ge
nera
ted
text
to a
rtifi
cial
spe
ech
whi
ch is
spo
ken
thro
ugh
spee
ch s
ynth
esiz
ers
Sig
nalin
g sy
stem
s tr
ansf
orm
one
type
of s
igna
l to
anot
her
to a
llow
per
sons
to li
ve m
ore
inde
pend
ently
88
Spe
ech
outp
ut v
oice
box
port
able
touc
h ac
tivat
edsp
eech
out
put c
omm
unic
atio
n ai
d
Spe
ech
synt
hesi
zer
- re
ceiv
es in
form
atio
n go
ing
to th
esc
reen
(le
tters
, wor
ds, n
umbe
rs)
and
spea
ks th
emou
tlouc
i
Spl
it ke
yboa
rd -
an
adju
stab
le c
onfig
urat
ion
of th
eke
yboa
rd
Sw
itche
s an
d sw
itch
softw
are
a va
riety
of o
ptio
ns to
inpu
t dat
a in
to a
com
pute
r
Syn
thes
ized
spe
ech
spee
ch c
aptu
red
by th
e sp
eech
synt
hesi
zer
and
spok
en o
utlo
ud
Tac
tile
build
ing,
floo
r m
arki
ng a
nd m
aps
brig
htly
col
ored
or r
aise
d m
arki
ngs
on s
urfa
ces
to in
crea
se a
war
enes
s of
pote
ntia
l haz
ards
for
peop
le w
ho u
se lo
ng c
anes
Tap
e re
cord
er w
ith in
dexi
ng c
apab
ility
reco
rder
whi
chha
s sp
ecia
l cap
abili
ty fo
r m
akin
g im
port
ant t
ext o
n an
audi
o ta
pe
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion
Dev
ice
for
the
Dea
f (T
DD
) a
devi
ceth
at a
llow
s a
pers
on to
tran
smit
type
d in
mes
sage
s by
tele
phon
e
Tel
epho
ne a
mpl
ifica
tion
syst
ems
ampl
ified
tele
phon
eha
ndse
ts a
ttach
to th
e ph
one
Tex
t tel
epho
ne p
hone
mod
em li
nked
with
ate
lety
pew
riter
allo
ws
user
s to
type
con
vers
atio
ns
43
Tou
ch p
ad -
a to
uch-
sens
itive
dev
ice
that
allo
ws
com
pute
r in
put w
ithou
t the
use
of a
key
boar
d
Tou
ch w
indo
w a
dev
ice
plac
ed o
n th
e co
mpu
ter
win
dow
that
allo
ws
the
com
pute
r to
res
pond
to to
uch
Tra
ckba
ll -
a m
ovea
ble
ball
that
rep
lace
s th
e m
ouse
and
allo
ws
easi
er c
urso
r co
ntro
l
Voi
ce r
ecog
nitio
n pr
ogra
m th
e vo
ice
of th
e us
er in
puts
data
and
con
trol
s th
e co
mpu
ter
func
tions
Wor
d pr
edic
tion
prog
ram
s pe
rmit
the
user
to s
elec
t aw
ord
from
an
on-s
cree
n lis
t gen
erat
ed b
y th
e co
mpu
ter
and
base
d on
the
first
2 le
tters
type
d by
the
user
Writ
ing
guid
e -
rese
mbl
es a
ste
ncil
cut o
ut
Muc
h of
the
assi
stiv
e te
chno
logy
liste
d he
re r
efer
s to
ccr
nput
erte
chno
l gy
beca
use
com
pute
rsk
ills
are
esse
ntia
l in
prof
essi
onal
empl
oym
ent t
oday
.
9.
umpo
i um
Mil
ME
ISI
MI
111
MI
NM
IM
EI
NIP
NM
IIO
N N
MM
EI
The
info
rmat
ion
cont
aine
d in
this
gui
de w
as b
ased
on
rese
arch
with
col
lege
stu
dent
s w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s co
nduc
ted
by:
Pro
ject
PA
AC
S(P
osts
econ
dary
Acc
omm
odat
ions
for
Aca
dem
ic a
nd C
aree
r S
ucce
ss)
Mis
siss
ippi
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
P. O
. Box
972
7M
issi
ssip
pi S
tate
, MS
397
62an
dC
ompr
ehen
sive
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y C
ente
r (C
AT
C)
Mis
siss
ippi
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
P. O
. Box
973
6M
issi
ssip
pi S
tate
, MS
397
62
Ann
e R
. Tho
mps
on, P
h.D
., C
RC
, Dire
ctor
Pro
ject
PA
AC
SP
hone
: (60
1) 3
25-7
917
TD
D R
elay
Sys
tem
: (80
0) 5
82-2
233
FA
X: (
601)
325
-326
3In
tern
et: a
rt1@
ra.m
ssta
te.e
du
Har
ry F
. (B
ud)
Riz
er, E
d.D
., D
irect
orC
ompr
ehen
sive
Ass
istiv
e T
echn
olog
y C
ente
rP
hone
: (60
1) 3
25-1
028
TD
D: (
601)
325
-052
0F
AX
: (60
1) 3
25-0
896
Inte
rnet
: riz
er@
catc
.mss
tate
.edu
ww
w.m
ssta
te.e
du/d
eptic
atc/
9 2
44
Lesl
ie L
. Bet
hea,
M.S
., C
RC
, Coo
rdin
ator
Pro
ject
PA
AC
SP
hone
: (60
1) 3
25-7
919
TD
D R
elay
Sys
tem
: (80
0) 5
82-2
233
FA
X: (
601)
325
-326
3In
tern
et: L
Bet
hea@
ra.m
ssta
te.e
du
Mel
anie
D. H
utto
, Ph.
D.,
CR
C, L
PC
Res
earc
h S
cien
tist I
IC
olle
ge o
f Edu
catio
nP
hone
: (60
1) 3
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